EU DevelopmentEU Development Policy Policy

September 2008September 2008

What is Development ?What is Development ?

Our ambition: A Global ActorOur ambition: A Global Actor• StabilityStability• ProsperityProsperity• SolidaritySolidarity

3 keys ideas:3 keys ideas:• Response to globalizationResponse to globalization• At EU levelAt EU level• At the heart of EU external actionAt the heart of EU external action

““Three pillars”Three pillars”

Common Foreign Common Foreign and Security and Security

PolicyPolicy Both the Both the

Commission and Commission and the MS have right the MS have right of iniativeof iniative

Council takes Council takes decisionsdecisions

European European Parliament Parliament provides opinions provides opinions

Full participation Full participation by the by the CommissionCommission

The European The European CommunityCommunity

Commission has Commission has right of initiative right of initiative

Council takes Council takes decisionsdecisions

The Parliament The Parliament participates in participates in decision makingdecision making

Justice and Justice and Home AffairsHome Affairs

Both the Both the Commission and Commission and the MS have right the MS have right of iniativeof iniative

Council takes Council takes decisionsdecisions

European European Parliament Parliament provides opinions provides opinions

Full participation Full participation by the by the CommissionCommission

Development Policy in the Development Policy in the UnionUnion

””Mixed Competence”Mixed Competence”• Member States’ bilateral cooperation Member States’ bilateral cooperation

is within MS independent competence, is within MS independent competence, • The Community development The Community development

cooperation is Community competence cooperation is Community competence • But: the Commission has right of But: the Commission has right of

initiative to promote coordination and initiative to promote coordination and cooperation, ”EU development policy”cooperation, ”EU development policy”

The Role of different institutionsThe Role of different institutions Commission provides initiativesCommission provides initiatives Commission administers and implements The Commission administers and implements The

Community development financing and cooperationCommunity development financing and cooperation Council takes decisions on Community development Council takes decisions on Community development

cooperation on the basis of Commission initiatives. cooperation on the basis of Commission initiatives. Decides on the budget together with the Parliament. Decides on the budget together with the Parliament.

Parliament has the right to decide on the budget with Parliament has the right to decide on the budget with the Council (NB: not the EDF). Parliament has its own the Council (NB: not the EDF). Parliament has its own international cooperation (EU-ACP joint Parliamentary \international cooperation (EU-ACP joint Parliamentary \

(EIB administers concessional investment finances to (EIB administers concessional investment finances to developing countries.) developing countries.)

Legal basisLegal basis

Decision makingDecision making Always based on the Treaty, the Union has Always based on the Treaty, the Union has

to have competence on the matter; to have competence on the matter; Development cooperation, TEU art 177- Development cooperation, TEU art 177- 181 and the Cotonou agreement 181 and the Cotonou agreement

Legal basisLegal basis Defines the extent of the union mandate, Defines the extent of the union mandate,

the modus operandi and the decision the modus operandi and the decision making process. Grey area: Community making process. Grey area: Community vs. CFSP, ODA-eligibilityvs. CFSP, ODA-eligibility

The biggest donorThe biggest donor

The EU is the largest ODA donor: 57 % of The EU is the largest ODA donor: 57 % of global ODA in 2006: global ODA in 2006:

The EU collectively devoted 0,42 % of its gross The EU collectively devoted 0,42 % of its gross national income to development aid in 2006 (€ national income to development aid in 2006 (€ 48 billion)48 billion)

The EU has committed to collectively achieve The EU has committed to collectively achieve 0,56 % ODA/GNI by 2010. The individual limit 0,56 % ODA/GNI by 2010. The individual limit for “old MS” 0,51 and for new ones, “new” for “old MS” 0,51 and for new ones, “new” 0,17 by 2010 and 0,7 and 0,33 by 2015 0,17 by 2010 and 0,7 and 0,33 by 2015 respectivelyrespectively

FinancesFinances

10% of the Community budget to 10% of the Community budget to external finances external finances

Development cooperation was 82 % Development cooperation was 82 % of the Community external budget of the Community external budget 82% payments average 6,2 billion € 82% payments average 6,2 billion € 20052005

ODA:sta 44% to Africa, 18% Asia, 7% ODA:sta 44% to Africa, 18% Asia, 7% America, 12% Europe, 1% Oceania America, 12% Europe, 1% Oceania (2005)(2005)

What is Development ?What is Development ?

The external action “Tool Box”The external action “Tool Box”• HumanitarianHumanitarian• Political dialoguePolitical dialogue• Reconstruction & developmentReconstruction & development• TradeTrade• CFSPCFSP

Policy coherence!Policy coherence! Examples: DRC, Sudan, Haiti, Bolivia, Examples: DRC, Sudan, Haiti, Bolivia,

BangladeshBangladesh

European Consensus on European Consensus on DevelopmentDevelopment

Part I: Part I: ”The European Union vision on development””The European Union vision on development” sets sets out common objectives and principles for development out common objectives and principles for development cooperationcooperation

Part II: Part II: ”The European Community Development Policy””The European Community Development Policy” defines how the Community will implement its vision set defines how the Community will implement its vision set out in the first partout in the first part

Main objective is poverty reductionMain objective is poverty reduction

Development Finance:Development Finance:financial framework for 2007-2013financial framework for 2007-2013

Two main sources of financing:Two main sources of financing:1. Budget1. Budget2. European Development Fund (EDF)2. European Development Fund (EDF)

New financial framework for external financing:New financial framework for external financing: Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), Cooperation with Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), Cooperation with

Industrialised and other high-income Countries and territories (ICI), Industrialised and other high-income Countries and territories (ICI), European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA), European Neighbourhood and Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA), European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), Instrument for Stability, Instrument Partnership Instrument (ENPI), Instrument for Stability, Instrument for nuclear safety cooperation (INSC), Humanitarian aidfor nuclear safety cooperation (INSC), Humanitarian aid

Policy must lead instruments + ensuring overall policy Policy must lead instruments + ensuring overall policy coherencecoherence

Simplifying structures and proceduresSimplifying structures and procedures

Development Cooperation Development Cooperation InstrumentInstrument

2007-2013 €16 897 million; 5 geographic and 5 thematic 2007-2013 €16 897 million; 5 geographic and 5 thematic programmes + program for ACP Sugar Protocol countriesprogrammes + program for ACP Sugar Protocol countries

Primary and overarching objectives are eradication of Primary and overarching objectives are eradication of poverty and pursuit of the MDGs, promotion of democracy, poverty and pursuit of the MDGs, promotion of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights and the rule good governance and respect for human rights and the rule of law.of law.

100 % geographic programmes and 90 % thematic 100 % geographic programmes and 90 % thematic programmes Official Development Assistance (ODA)programmes Official Development Assistance (ODA)

The DCI committeeThe DCI committee

ACP-EU cooperationACP-EU cooperation 10th European Development Fund (EDF) for the years 2008-2013:10th European Development Fund (EDF) for the years 2008-2013:

€ € 22,682 billion: € 21 966 million for ACP countries, € 286 million 22,682 billion: € 21 966 million for ACP countries, € 286 million for OCTs and € 430 million for supporting functionsfor OCTs and € 430 million for supporting functions

EU’s Strategy for Africa → EU-Africa Joint StrategyEU’s Strategy for Africa → EU-Africa Joint Strategy

Good Governance - Governance ProfilesGood Governance - Governance Profiles

Economic Partnership Agreements, EPAsEconomic Partnership Agreements, EPAs

Migration and developmentMigration and development

Implementation regulation & establishment of the new EDF Implementation regulation & establishment of the new EDF Committee: new CSPsCommittee: new CSPs

EU cooperation: added Value?EU cooperation: added Value? Commission specific role: also a political actor Commission specific role: also a political actor

and institution with a global presenceand institution with a global presence Contacts and history of cooperation through a Contacts and history of cooperation through a

wide range of instruments (Cotonou, wide range of instruments (Cotonou, Mediterranean...) Mediterranean...)

Initiator: Potential for harmonisation and pushing Initiator: Potential for harmonisation and pushing forward the development agendaforward the development agenda

Access to other Community instruments, Access to other Community instruments, providing policy coherence (trade, fisheries..)providing policy coherence (trade, fisheries..)

Coordination with other EU-policies, CFSP, JHA Coordination with other EU-policies, CFSP, JHA etc. etc.

Future ChallengesFuture Challenges

Programming: credibility checkProgramming: credibility check MigrationsMigrations BRICS & othersBRICS & others EPA’sEPA’s