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EUC2103 Storage Tips and Best Practices for VMware View Desktop Deployments. Name, Title, Company. How to Plausibly Blame the Storage Team for your View Woes. Disclaimer. This session may contain product features that are currently under development. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EUC2103Storage Tips and Best Practices for VMware View Desktop Deployments
Name, Title, Company
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. . .
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How to Plausibly Blame the Storage Team for your View Woes
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Disclaimer
This session may contain product features that are currently under development.
This session/overview of the new technology represents no commitment from VMware to deliver these features in any generally available product.
Features are subject to change, and must not be included in contracts, purchase orders, or sales agreements of any kind.
Technical feasibility and market demand will affect final delivery.
Pricing and packaging for any new technologies or features discussed or presented have not been determined.
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Agenda
The Problem
Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Assessments
Storage Solutions
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Acknowledgements
MyVirtualCloud.net – Andre Leibovici
Ryan “Sesenata y Cinco” Grendahl
Matt Eccleston – VMware Office of the CTO
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Disclaimers
Don’t be offended if we didn’t use or mention your stuff
Don’t stalk us about your stuff
There are a lot of really great storage solutions available
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Your Storage Vendor…
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Disclaimers
Don’t be offended if we didn’t use or mention your stuff
Don’t stalk us about your stuff
There are a lot of really great storage solutions available
We are primarily discussing linked clones here
All examples are just that, your mileage may vary
This is a one hour presentation, not an exhaustive symposium
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It’s Not Rocket Science
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But It Might Be Model Rocket Science
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Agenda
The Problem
Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Assessments
Storage Solutions
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The Problem
Most people think of storage in terms of capacity
You need to think of storage in terms of performance
Size doesn’t matter• OK, it matters a bit. Pure SSD will run into capacity problems
Implementing with a poor architecture is hard to correct later
Good user experience and user acceptance are critical for success• We need to make sure users are happy
• Virtual desktop performance should be as good or better than a physical PC
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Desktop IO
Who in the room knows what the average & peak IOPS are for the physical PCs in your current environment?
• You are a Geek
• In general, nobody knows this
In the physical desktop world, IO generally isn’t relevant
Each desktop has its own dedicated physical spindle(s) and has exclusive rights to whatever performance the disk provides.
In the virtual world it is EXTREMELY important because now we are sharing storage between desktops.
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IOPS Terms
Minimum guaranteed IOPS
• Total available IOPS divided by number of desktops
• Theoretical, worst case scenario
Maximum available IOPS
• Total IOPS available from storage
• Theoretical, best case scenario
Average IOPS
• Empirically observed load over time divided by number of desktops
Random IO
• Virtual desktop IO is generally going to be random
• It’s going to be slower than sequential IO
We focus on Average IOPS because it is based on empirical data.
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The Problem – An Example - Space
6 x 450GB 15K RPM SAS drives [email protected] usable space
Linked clones conserve a huge amount of space.
You don’t want this many VMs in a single datastore.
The available IOPS won’t support them
5GB Linked Clone 10GB Linked Clone
20GB Replica 246 VMs 123 VMs
60GB Replica 238 VMs 119 VMs
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The Problem - An Example – Performance
RAID level is important!!
Write IOPS capability is dependent on RAID Level
6 x 450GB 15K RPM SAS drives [email protected] usable space
@1080 Total IOPS @540 Write IOPS
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The Problem - An Example – Performance
6 x 450GB 15K RPM SAS drives [email protected] usable space
@1080 Total IOPS @540 Write IOPS
In summary – Even though we have capacity for a large number of VMs, we only have performance for far fewer VMs.
50/50 R/W 35/65 R/W 20/80 R/W
Light – 5 IOPS 216 VMs 166 VMs 135 VMs
Medium – 10 IOPS 108 VMs 88 VMs 67 VMs
Heavy – 20 IOPS 54 VMs 44 VMs 33 VMs
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The Problem – Real World Examples
POC – Performance great, then performance terrible.
Production assembly line – Performance acceptable during normal operations – writing files or updates took hours while it took minutes on physical machines.
Why do I need so many disks?
• We must get past “waste of space” syndrome and focus on performance.
• Size doesn’t matter
• OK, maybe it matters a little
Performance is King
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Agenda
The Problem
Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Assessments
Storage Solutions
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Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
How do you figure out what you need?
No one will have any idea about their current physical environment
• Unless they’re a Geek
You have what you have on physical
• May have some awareness because of specialized disk IO needs
So how do we get usable numbers?
• Rules of Thumb
• Calculators
• Assessments
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Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Rules of thumb:
• Light – 5 IOPs – Not a lot of time at desktop
• Medium – 10 IOPs – Most of day at desktop – typical office worker
• Heavy – 20 IOPs – Developer, Power User
• You will find other rules of thumb guide numbers – that’s why they can be dangerous
Keep in mind these are average numbers
• Don’t forget the Write/Read Mix
• Don’t forget the Write/Read Mix
• We really mean it
Need to do some planning or management for peaks - we’ll get back to that.
Use a Calculator for a better picture
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Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Calculator:
Gives a better overall picture but uses rules of thumb numbers
Here’s a great one:
• http://myvirtualcloud.net/?page_id=1076
Talk to your storage vendor about a VDI specific storage calculator
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Agenda
The Problem
Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Assessments
Storage Solutions
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Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Assessments:
Best way to gather empirical data on disk IO needs
Some things it helps you understand:
• Times of day when peak disk IO occurs
• Potential areas to manage around
• Antivirus scan and updates, login, and boot storm
• Applications that are biggest disk IO consumers
• Creates understanding of IO load from different applications
May identify areas to change operationally or potential bad virtualization candidates.
Image optimization
• Turn off unnecessary services
• Indexing, Prefetching, WLAN, blah, blah, blah
• Windows 7 Optimization Guide hits all this
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Assessment Example #1
4,417 Desktops
39543 39543.5 39544 39544.5 39545 39545.5 39546 39546.5 39547 39547.5 39548 39548.5 39549 39549.50.00
20,000.00
40,000.00
60,000.00
80,000.00
100,000.00
120,000.00
140,000.00
160,000.00
180,000.00
Disk(IO/sec) SAN
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Assessment Example #1 Continued
4,417 Desktops
Avg I/O per desktop: 6.08 Write:Read Ratio: 2:1 Max I/O per desktop: 38 Write:Read Ratio: 1:3 Building to 95th Percentile: 14
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Assessment Example #2
5,026 Desktops
39543 39543.5 39544 39544.5 39545 39545.5 39546 39546.5 39547 39547.5 39548 39548.5 39549 39549.50.00
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
Disk(IO/sec) SAN
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Assessment Example #2 Continued
5,026 Desktops
Avg I/O per Desktop: 1.4 Write:Read Ratio: 1:1 Max I/O per Desktop: 4.2 Write:Read Ratio: 1:1Building to 95th Percentile: 3.4
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Assessment Example #3
39543 39543.5 39544 39544.5 39545 39545.5 39546 39546.5 39547 39547.5 39548 39548.5 39549 39549.50.00
10,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
60,000.00
70,000.00
80,000.00Disk(IO/sec) SAN
3,046 Desktops
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Assessment Example #3 Continued
3,046 Desktops
Avg I/O per Desktop: 5.5 Write:Read Ratio: 3:1Max I/O per Desktop: 22 Write:Read Ratio: 2:1Building to 95th Percentile: 17
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Agenda
The Problem
Understanding Desktop IO Requirements
Assessments
Storage Solutions
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Storage Solutions - Read IOPS
Many technologies help with read IOPS
• Array based cache
• RAM based, SSD Based
• Flash Cache, FAST Cache
• Host based cache
• FusionIO/IOTurbine
• View Composer storage tiering
• Replica on SSD storage
• Offload operations
• Profile - View Virtual Profiles
• User Data – Folder Redirection for Home Directory
• Applications – Streamed ThinApp
• No Read penalty with any RAID type.
• It’s hard to overrun the Read IOPS capability since you have to build forwrite IOPS
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Storage Solutions - Write IOPS
Helping with write IOPS is trickier
• In general you need to build out the number of spindles to support write IOPS
• Don’t forget the RAID type caveat
• SSD writes are generally slower than reads and can degrade over time
• Some vendor specific solutions may help
• FAST at Rest, WAFL for example
• Vendors with dedup and serializing write IO
• This is where the Disclaimer slide applies
• Sizing for write IOPS is probably the most critical area
• Work with storage vendor to properly size your environment for write IOPS.
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Storage Solutions - VSA
Available as an option with vSphere 5
Look carefully at write IOPS numbers
• Take replication into account
Understand the configuration and HCL limitations
Look at it as a ROBO / SMB Solution
vSphere vSphere vSphere
NFS NFS NFS
vSphere Client
VSA Manager VSA VSA VSA
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Storage Solutions – Dealing with the Peaks
Boot Storms
• Set Power policy to Always On
Antivirus
• vShield Endpoint
• Randomized Full Disk Scans
• No Full Disk Scans
Login
• View Virtual Profiles
• Leave users logged in
Image Optimization
Operations
• Do Builds, updates, & Disk Operations (R-R-R) at off hours
• If no off hours throttle the number of operations so as not to overrun the IOPS capabilities.
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Storage Solutions - Tips
Latency generally the best indicator of a problem• Understand the latency baseline & have a monitoring tool in place
• 20ms latency is getting into trouble
• 50ms will have the phones at the help desk lit up
• Big latency numbers possible if you didn’t design well and will seem like service outage
Keep an eye on baseline numbers as you add desktops. Don’t use Linked Clones if you’re not going use R-R-R features
• Just use the full clones
• Over time read IOPS can grow dramatically if not refreshed.
Disk Alignment• Windows 7 automatically aligned – XP misaligned
• Create VMFS from vCenter
• Could be up to 50% performance hit if misaligned
• Manually confirm to be sure.
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Slide with No Bullets & A Gratuitous Picture of a Yak
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Storage Solutions – Tips Continued
Need to be aware of RAID choice impact for writes
• Writes are THE most likely constraint
• Consider RAID0 for Floating desktops?
Don’t worry about wasted space
• I still have checks so I must still have money
Look at CapEx cost per IOP
• The cheapest disks may actually be the most expensive solution
• Keep power consumption in mind on OpEx cost
NFS vs Block Based Storage
• Performance should be a relative wash
• VAAI & ATS level the playing field in terms of VM density
• No, We don’t want to have a big debate
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Summary
Well Architected Performance = Successful Implementation
Involve partners
• Storage vendor
• VMware Partner or PSO
• Internal storage team
Do an Assessment
Get over wasted space – See First Bullet
Pilot the environment!!
• This is the only TRUE way of understanding your real IOPS situation
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Questions??
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Resources
Scott Lowe Blog Storage Performance vs. Cost
http://tinyurl.com/3ev597g
Andre Leibovici Blog
www.myvirtualcloud.net
Disk Alignment Blog
http://www.blueshiftblog.com/?p=300
Great VDI Storage White Paper from Herco van Brug of PQR
http://tinyurl.com/3sd3yx5