309

NSave Nature to Survive

ISSN: 0974 - 0376

: Special issue, Vol. 1;

Paper presented in 3rd International Conference onClimate Change, Forest Resource and Environment

(ICCFRE, 2011)December 09 - 11, 2011, Thiruvananthapuram,

organized byDepartment of Environmental Sciences,

University of Keralain association with

National Environmentalists Association, Indiawww.neaindia.org

QUARTERLY

www.theecoscan.in

KEYWORDS

D. A. Kumawat and Jayashri Patil

Euglenoids

Ecology

Maharashtra

309 - 317

EUGLENOIDS OF POLLUTED AND UNPOLLUTED WATER FROM

NORTH MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

310

D. A. KUMAWAT* AND JAYASHRI PATIL

Research Center, Department of Botany,

Dhanaji Nana Mahavidyalaya, Faizpur - 425 503, Jalgaon (M. S.)

E-mail: drkunawatbot2011@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

The algae are the most beautiful microflora of the water world. The collection

and study of algae has a charm and fascination which is better experienced than

more description. They exhibit a great beauty and asthetic value in aquatic nature,

one of them is an interesting group known as ‘euglenoids’ that can eat both food

as animals by heterotrophy and can photosynthesis like plants by autotrophyhence called them as ‘Phytoflagellates’ or the “plant-animal organism.” They arecommon inhabitants in polluted and unpolluted water and are colored orcolorless. Cell rigid or non rigid with or without envelope bearing one or twoflagella, free swimming, solitory and equipped with a light sensitive spot thatenables them to move towards or away from light; reserve food is stored in theform of starch like carbohydrate molecules called as paramylum. However, itdoes not give violet color with iodine solution hence it differs from the starch ofplant.

Majority of Indian phycologists reported the euglenoids during the ecologicaland experimental studies and a few in connection with pollution (Suxena, 1955;Zafar, 1959; Munawar, 1972; Pandey and Pandey, 1980; Philipose, 1984;Hosmani and Bharati, 1983; Puttaiah and Somashekar, 1987; Shaji and Patel,1991; Kumawat and Jawale, 2004).

Very few reports are available on the euglenoids occuring in Maharashtra State(Kamat, 1964; Barhate and Tarar, 1985; Bhoge and Ragothaman, 1986; Mahajanand Nandan, 2007). Keeping this in view, present investigation was undertakento explore the euglenoids from North Maharashtra. The detail description,ecological notes and illustratons of 54 species have been presented. Out ofwhich six euglenoid species are new to India.

North Maharashtra comparises Jalgaon, Dhule and Nandurbar districts are locatedin the North-West region of the State of Maharashtra. This region is abundantlyendowed with natural resources. It has an area of 24915 km2. between 20º38’ to20º 32’ NL and 73º15’ to 70º28’ EL. The climate of area is subtropical with threedistinct seasons hot and dry summer (March to June), a warm and wet rainyseason (July to October) and a cool and dry winter (November to February). Theaverage temperature ranges between 9.3ºC in cold season (Jan.) to 49.8ºC in hotseason (May). The average annual rain fall is 740-1034 mms. The soil is mostlylight and deep black with pH 7.2-9.2 but in some regions soil is coarse shallowand medium black.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The collections of euglenoids were made from August 2010 – May 2011. The

specimens were collected from different habitats of all parts of North Maharashtra.

The camera lucida drawings were made from fresh as far as possible immediately

when the material was brought in the laboratory and salient morphological features

were recorded. Photomicrographs of all taxa were taken by Nikon Coolpix P4

camera. Later, it was preserved in 3%formaldehyde. Euglenoids were identified*Corresponding author

NSave Nature to Survive QUARTERLY

A systematic survey of Euglenophyceae (One

of the class of Algae) of polluted and unpolluted

environment was undertaken from various

locations in Jalgaon, Dhule and Nandurbar

districts of North Maharashtra, a region was

formerly called as “Khandesh”. In an

investigation many interesting colored and

colorless euglenoids were collected in the

rivers, ponds, lakes, streams, channels, pools,

puddles, ditches, tanks, industrial effluents and

sewage water at various seasons of the year.

Some of them formed in a bloom while others

presisted for a long time and abruptly

disappeared. Total 54 taxa belong to 15 genera

viz. Euglena (10), Lepocinclis (08), Phacus (12),

Trachelomonas (08), Strombomonas (05),

Colacium (01), Astasia(01), Anisonema (01),

Entosiphon (01), Gyropaigne (01), Heteronema

(02), Peronema(01), Petalomonas(01),

Rhabdomonas (01) and Urceolus(01) have

been illustrated and described with habitats

and periodicity. All Strombomonas and

Trachelomonas species in the collection were

found in freshwater habitats and while other

taxa to polluted and unpolluted habitats. With

regard to number of species and individuals

the dominant genus was Phacus represented

by 12 species. Good collection was obtained

between post rainy season to winter. The pH

was recorded from different localities which

ranged from 6.5 to 8 in monsoon and 7.7 to

9.1 in cold and summer season. Lepoandis

elongata, Phacus anacodus, Trachelomonas

reticulata, T. lacustris var. sabulata ,

Petalomonas tricarinata and Gyropaigne

ucrainica are the additions to indian

Euglenoids.

ABSTRACT

311

with the help of monographs by Huber-Pestalozzi (1955),

Asaul (1975) and available publications on the subject.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Systematic account

Genus Euglena Ehr. 1938.

Cells free-swimming, solitory, constantly changing the shape

in movements. Periplast either firm or soft and pliable having

fine striation or with of granules; posterior end rounded or

forming a fine caudus; anterior end narrowed and clearly

bilobed. A gullet and a reservior present in the anterior end

from which arises a single flagellum. Eye spot or stigma present

near reservior. Chloroplast of various shapes with or without

pyrenoids. Food reserve paramylum in the form of a few large

numerous small rods, plates, rings or discs shaped.

E. agillis Carter (Pl.II, Fig.11)

Cell nearly fusiform, pellicle indistinctly spirally striated.

Chromatophores two with a sheathed pyrenoid. Paramylum

small, ovoid and granuler. 33.9 x 14.4 m.

Habitat: Widely distributed throughout, domestic sevage pit.

(Coll.Nos. E-7, 39, 52, 77, 200)

E. acus Ehr. (Pl.I, Fig.5)

Cell cylindrical, pellicle striated, striae nearly parallel to the

body. Chromatophores numerous and discoidal. Paramylum

long and rod shaped. Eyespot reddish, small and oval. 117 x

11.2 μm.

Habitat: Polluted region of Lake, Hartala; Oct. 2010 (Coll.

No. E-57).

E. ehrenbergii Klebs. (Pl.I, Fig.1).

Cell cylindrical; sides nearly parallel. Pellicle finely spirally

striated. Paramylum small and rod shaped.

Habitat: In a puddle, Faizpur; Aug. 2010. (Coll. No. E-4).

E. granulata (Klebs) Schimtz var. polymorpha (Dang.) Popova

(Pl. I, Fig. 4).

Cell broadly spindle shaped. Pelliculer striae without tubercles.

Chromatophore many; flat plates like; irregular lobed margins,

each with sheathed pyrenoid. 71.7 x 16.3 μm.

Habitt: Widely distributed in polluted puddles and ponds.

(Coll. Nos. E-7, 53, 103, 139, 161, 182, 203).

E. oxyurish Schmarda (Pl. I, Fig. 3).

Cell cylindrical, twisted to left. Pellicle marked striated,

chromatophores numerous, small, ovoid without pyrenoids.

Paramylum usually two, large, rectangular, grooved centrally,

on either side of nucleus. Stigma red and granuler. 102.9 x

19.5 μm.

Habitat: Polluted puddle, Industrial estate, Faizpur-Savda

Road, Aug.-Nov.2010. (Coll.Nos. 7, 45, 71, 95)

E. sanguinea Ehr. (Pl. 1, Fig. 21).

Cell broadly spindle shaped, brick red. Chromatophore

numerous, elongate, slender spindles, radially arranged.

Stigma squarish, red and granuler. 49.9 x 34.7 μm.

Habitat : Acidic tank, College garden, Faizpur, Oct. 2010

(C.No. E-69).

E. spirogyra Ehr. (Pl. I, Fig. 2).

Cell cylindrical, sides nearly parallel. Pellicle striated with spiral

rows of distinct granuler. Chromatophores numerous, small

discs, close together without pyrenoids. Paramylum two, large,

on either side of the nucleus stigma dark red, granuler. 70x7.8

μm.

Habitat : Widely distributed. In a pond, Padmalaya, Sept.,

2010. (C.No. E-38).

E. stellata Mainx. (Pl. II, Fig.12).

Cell spindle shaped. Pellicle spirally striated. Chromatophores

about ten, band-shaped, showing stellate arrangement at the

middle of cell. Paramylym, small rods near the middle of the

cell. 29x17.5 μm.

Habitat : Tiny polluted pool, Girna river, Bhambhori. Nov.

2010. (Coll. No. E-92).

E. texta (Duj.) Huebner (Pl. I, Fig. 20).

Cell broadly ovoid. Pellicle rigid and coarsely striated.

Chromatophore numerous, small discs, without pyrenoids.

Paramylum numerous and rounded; stigma large, oval and

deep red. 40x19.5 μm.

Habitat : Widely distributed in polluted water, sevage pit,

Chopda. Sept.-Feb. 2010. (Coll.Nos. 31, 52, 76, 107, 118,

136).

E. viridis Ehr. (Pl. II, Fig. 15).

Cell spindle-shaped. Pellicle faintly spirally striated.

Chromatophores 7-21, ribbon shaped, covering anterior to

the nucleus forming stellate arrangement. Paramylum ovoid,

surrounding the central area of chromatophore group and

others scattered in the cell. 43.2 x 16.7 μm.

Habitat : Common in polluted green pool, sluggish streams

and stagnant pools and ditches, Nandurbar (Coll. Nos.

21,45,75,93,130,160,175,196,204).

Genus Colacium Ehr. 1838

C. vesiculosum Ehr. var. natans Lemm. (Pl. II, Fig. 13).

Cell ovoid with firm cell wall, normally attached to substractum

on its anterior end. Chromatophore, many large, ovoid discs,

without pyrenoids. Paramylum granuler and scattered.

42.9x23.4 μm.

Habitat : Mostly in freshwater; Zoophytic on small aquatic

animals, Bori river, Amalner, Nov. 2010. (Coll. No. E-84).

Genus Lepocinclis Perty, 1852

Cells ovoid, ovate-elliptical, fusiform or spherical with rigid

and spirally striated pellicle. Chloroplast small, discoid, with

no pyrenoids. Two large paramylum rings in many species,

peripheral, lying opposite one another in the anterior half of

the cell.

L. elongata (Swir.) Conrd. (Pl. II, Fig. 16).

Cell spindle shaped with a long tail and apical opening at the

anterior end. Pellicle decorated with spiral striations.

Chromatophore numerous, ovoid discs. Paramylum lateral in

the form of ring. 55.7 x 21.1 μm.

Habitat: Rangoli river, Navapur. Aug., 2010. (Coll. No. E-17).

L. fusiformis (Carter) Lemm. var. minor Chu. (Pl. II, Fig. 10).

Cell broadly fusiform; posterior end slightly produced into a

EUGLENOIDS OF POLLUTED AND UNPOLLUTED WATER

312

D. A. KUMAWAT AND JAYASHRI PATIL

Habitat: Small tiny polluted pool, River Panjara, Dhule city.

Dec. 2011 (Coll. No. E-119).

L. ovum var. dimidio-minor Delf. (Pl. II, Fig. 17).

Cell ovate with steep; striae spiral. Paramylum two large rings,

laterally placed. 25.3 x 19.1 μm.

Habitat: Stream, Manudevi, Sept. 2010 (Coll. No.E-43).

L. ovum var. major (Hub. Pest.) Conrad (Pl. II, Fig.14).

blunt basal point; anterior end bilabiate. pellicle spirally

straited. Two paramylum sings bying opposite one another in

the middle of the cell. 35.4 x 23.7 μm.

Habitat: Polluted pond, Yawal, Oct. 2010 (Coll. No. E-70).

L. ovum (Ehr.) Lemm. var. butschlii (Lemm.) Conrad. (Pl. II, Fig. 8).

Cell ellipsoidal, anterior end rounded and posterior end

narrowing to form a short tail. Tail swell at the base. 33.1 x

17.9 μm.

Plate I: Fig. 1 and 21: (1) E. ehrenbergii (2) E. spirogyra (3) E. oxyurish (4) E. granulata Var. polymorpha (5) E. acus (6) P. pseudonordstedti (7)

L. playfairiana (8) L. spirogyra (9) P. ovalis (10) P. longicauda Var. longicauda (11) P. longicauda Var. tortus (12) P. orbicularis var. orbicularis

(13) P. anacoclus (14) P. angulatus (15) P. myersi (16) P. undulatus (17) P. onyx (18) P. anomalus (19) P. curvicauda (20) E. texta (21) E.

sanguinea

313

Cell broadly elliptical with a moderately long tail posteriorly

and narrowing towards the anterior end without distinct neck.

Pellicle spirally straited. Paramylum single, large rings in the

middle in the cell. 70.2 x 39 μm.

Habitat: Very rare taxa, Pond, Navapur, Feb. 2011. (Coll. No.

E-107).

L. ovum var. palatina Lemm. (Pl. II, Fig. 9).

Cell ovoid, rounded at both ends; posteriorly with a short,

blunt projection; striae spiral. Paramylum two elliptic rings.

33.5 x 25.7 μm.

Habitat: Lake, Hartala-Muktainagar. Dec. 2010 (Coll. No. E-

104).

L. playfairiana Delf. (Pl. I, Fig. 7).

Cell broadly elliptical with a long tail posteriorly; anterior end

narrow with lateral apical opening. Pellicle industincly spirally

striated. Paramylum two large lateral rings. 42.9 x 21.8 μm.

Habitat: Rare taxa, polluted tiny pool, river Anjani,

Erandol.May, 2011. (Coll. No. E-159).

L. spirogyra Korsch. (Pl. I, Fig. 8).

Cell elongate bearing a sharp, long tail at the posterior end;

anterior end drawn into narrow, short-neck. Pellicle with spiral

rows of punctae. Paramylum two large lateral ring. 62.4 x

15.2 μm.

Habitat: Rain pool at Faizpur, Sept. 2010. (Coll. No. E-33)

Genus Phacus Duj. 1841

Cell free swimming solitary, flattened leaf shaped with long or

short posterior spine no euglenoid movement. Pellicle

longitudinally or spirally straited. Chromatophores numerous,

ovoid discs, without pyrenoids. Paramylum bodies in the form

of circular plates or rings.

P. angulatus Pochm. (Pl. I, Fig. 14).

Plate II: Fig. 1 and 18: (1) T. armata Var. steinii (2) T. denissii var. denissii (3) T. hispida var. crenulatocollis (4) T. playfairi (5) T. reticulata (6)

T. recticollis (7) T. volvocina (8) L. ovum var. butschlii (9) L. ovum var. polatina (10) L. fusiformis Var. minor (11) E. agillis (12) E. stellata (13)

C. vesiculosum var. natans (14) L. ovum var. major (15) E. viridis (16) L. elongata (17) L. ovum var. dimidio-minor (18) T. lacustris var. sobulata

EUGLENOIDS OF POLLUTED AND UNPOLLUTED WATER

314

Cell broadly ovoid; anteriorly rounded; posterior end abruptly

ending into a short, deflected blunt tail. Margins entire. Pellicle

spirally longitudinally striated. Paramylum two large discs.

35.1 x 28.1 m.

Habitat: Very rare species, Mangrul dam, Raver, March 2011.

(Coll. No. E-172).

P. anacoclus Stokes (Pl. I, Fig. 13).

Cell broadly ovoid, narrowed abruptly posteriorly to form a

short deflected tail. Pellicle longitudinally striated margin of

the cell with a deep bulge on either side, forming 1 broad

bulges. One large centrally located paramylum disc. 58.5 x

35.8 μm.

Habitat: In a small pond near Jalgaon city, Sept. 2010. (Coll.

No. E-46).

Plate III: Fig. 1 and 15: (1) Entosiphon sulcatum var. acuminatus (2) Rhabdomonas incurva (3) Urceolus gobii (4) Peranema trichophorum (5)

Petalomonas tricarinata (6) Gyropaigne ucrainica (7) Anisonema platysomum (8) Astasia klebsii (9) Heteronema cryptocercum (10) H.

hexagonum (11) S. fluviatillis var. levis (12) Strombomonas schauinslandii (13) S. eurystoma (14) S. rangoonensis (15) S. deflandrei

P. anomalus Fritsch et Rich (Pl. I, Fig. 18).

Cell ovate, little asymmetrical with short, pointed curved tail.

Pellicle longitudinally striated. Paramylum 2 thick circular discs

at the centre of each half. 30.1 x 25.7 μm.

Habitat: This is a very common species in yellow-greenish

water habitats, waste water pond, Kingaon and Dhanora, April

2011 (Coll. Nos. E-186, 190, 196,200).

P. curvicauda Swir. (Pl. I, Fig. 19).

Cell broadly ovoid to suborbiculer; anterior end slightly

narrowed; posterior end broad which is extended into a

caudus that curves obliquely to the left. Pellicle longitudinally

striated. Paramylum 1.2 thick circular discs. 42.9 x 33.5 μm.

Habitat: Widely distributed, frequent in ponds and ditches,

Jamner. Feb. 2011 (Coll..No. E-148)

D. A. KUMAWAT AND JAYASHRI PATIL

315

P. longicauda (Ehr.) Duj. var. longicauda (Pl. I, Fig. 10).

Cell broadly ovoid, tapering gradually posteriorly to form a

long, straight, sharply pointed tail; anteriorly broadly rounded.

Pellicle longitudinally straited; Paramylum bodies 2, larger,

circular plates. 90.2 x 51.3 μm.

Habitat: River Girna near Bhadgaon, Feb. 2011. (Coll. No. E-

156).

P. longicauda var. tortus Lemm. (Pl. I, Fig. 11).

Cells broadly fusiform or napiform broadest in the anterior

third of the cell, conically rounded at the anterior end, tapering

and spirally twisted in the posterior portion to form a long,

straight tail. Pellicle with spiral stations. Paramylum body single

large, centrally located circular plate. 74.1 x 33.1 μm.

Habitat: Lake, Amalner. Aug. 2010. (Coll. No.E-19).

P. myersi Skv. (Pl. I, Fig. 15).

Cell rounded; anterior end rounded truncate; posterior end

broad with a short, thick inclined tail. Lateral margins distinctly

notched. Pellicle longitudinally striated. Paramylum 1-2 large

discs. 33.1 x 25.7 μm.

Habitat: Rare species, pond, Chalisgaon, Jan. 2011. (Coll. No.

E-136).

P. orbicularis Huebner var. orbicularis (Pl. I, Fig.12).

Cell orbiculer in outline, with a short tail curved to the right;

broadly rounded anteriorly. Pellicle longitudinally striated.

Paramylum body one large circular Plate. 76.8 x 46.8 μm.

Habitat: Widely distributed, generally found in freshwater

ponds where vigorous plant growth is present. Nov.2010 -

Jan. 2011 (Coll. Nos. 41, 97, 115, 140).

P. onyx Pochm. (Pl. I, Fig. 17).

Cell rounded ovoid; posterior end narrowed and somewhat

abrupt, bearing a stout, sharp bent more or less hooked short

tail, lateral margins notched. Paramylum 2 large central discs.

44.8 x 30.8 μm.

Habitat: Pond, Shirpur Feb. 2011. (Coll. No. E-160)

P. ovalis (Woronich) Popova (Pl. I, Fig. 9).

Cell broadly ovoid; anterior end rounded; posterior end

narrowed into a well developed sharp tail-margins smooth.

Paramylum single ring at centre of the cell; additional 1.2

circular plates present. 94.3 x 44.7 μm.

Habitat: Rare species, Yashwant pond, Toranmal. Dec. 2010.

(Coll. No. E-122).

P. pseudonordstedti Pochm. (Pl. I, Fig. 6).

Cell orbicular in outline, abruptly narrowed posteriorly to form

tail; anterior end broadly rounded long truncate. Pellicle with

prominent spiral ribs. Paramylum 2 large, lateral curved plates.

46.8 x 24.5 μm.

Habitat: In ponds and ditches, Navapur, Mar. 2010. (Coll.No.

E-171).

P. undulatus (Skv.) Pochm. (Pl. I, Fig. 16).

Cell broadly ovoid; anterior end broadly rounded; posterior

end with a short, strong, sharp pointed tail. Paramylum 1-2,

small, central discs. Lateral margins with 2-3 creases. 38.8 x

23 μm.

Habitat: Puddle, Sari Sept. 2010. (Coll. No. E-130).

Genus Trachelomonas Delf.

Cells green, free swimming, solitary and characterized by the

presence of a shell like covering called lorica; from hyaline,

yellow to brown. The colour due to the accumulation of ferric

hydroxide and magnetic oxide deposited with mucilarge

comprise lorica. Thickening around thin gap result in a rim

like or collar like appearance at anterior end.

T. armata (Ehr.) Stein var. steinii Lemm. (Pl. II, Fig. 1).

Lorica elliptical oval with rounded ends; posterior end bearing

longer, backwordly directed stout spines. Flagella operture

surrounded by a short collar with sharp spines. Membrane

brown in colour. 37.1 x 30.4 μm.

Habitat: Rain water pool, Chopda, Sept. 2010. (Coll. No. E-

44).

T. denissii Delf. var. denissii (Pl. II, Fig. 2).

Lorica broadly oval with rounded ends; short, cylindrical collar

with scrrated margin at flagellar opening, posterior end with

many stought, straight conical spines, wall brown in colour,

densely granules. 35.1 x 30.4 μm.

Habitat: Rare species, pool and ditches, Yawal, Aug., 2010

(Coll. No. E-28).

T. hispida (Perty) Stein em. Delf. var. crenulatocollis (Maskell)

Lemm. (Pl. II, Fig. 3).

Lorica ovoid with rounded ends. Flagellar opening in a short,

definate collar, with a coarsely toothed margin. Wall unformely

beset with minute sharply pointed spines membrane yellowish-

green in colour.28.1 x 19.1 μm.

Habitat : Common, rain water pool, Faizpur Aug.-Oct. 2010

(Coll. Nos. E-2, 31, 74).

T. lacustris Drez. var. sabulata (Skv.) Popova. (Pl. II, Fig. 18).

Lorica cylindrical, lateral margins mostly parallel, broadly

rounded both ends. Posteriorly slightly broader than anterior.

Flagellar opening with a slightly raised rim. Wall spiny, dark

brown in colour. 27.3 x 12.9 μm.

Habit : Rare, near Mangrud dam, Raver. Oct. 2010. (Coll.No.E-

75).

T. playfairi Delf. (Pl. II, Fig. 4).

Lorica ellipsoidal, rounded at both the ends; neck long and

curved. Surface smooth, yellowish-brown in colour. 28 x 19.1

μm.

Habitat: Panza river, Dhule city, Nov. 2010 (Coll. No. E-99).

T. recticollis Delf. (Pl. II, Fig. 6).

Lorica globose with a well developed cylindrcial collar,

emerging back slightly into the body of the cell as a pipe. Wall

smooth membrane yellow-brown in colour. 28.4 x 26.9 μm.

Habitat: Rare species, River Waghur, Sakegaon, Nov. 2010.

(Coll. No. E-94).

T. reticulata Klebs (Pl. II, Fig. 5).

Lorica broadly oval, broader towards the anterior end,

posterior conical with rounded base. Flagellar opening

covered by short ring; envelop brown and reticulate. 28.4 x

23.4 μm.

Habitat: Rare species, pond, Amalner, Sept. 2010. (Coll. No.

E-37).

EUGLENOIDS OF POLLUTED AND UNPOLLUTED WATER

316

T. volvocina Ehr. (Pl. II, Fig. 7).

Lorica spherical; flagellar opening surroudned by a annules

thickening; surface smooth, brown in colour.24.9 x 28.1 μm.

Habitat: Widely distributed, common during rainy season in

ponds, pool and ditches; Faizpur. (Coll.Nos. E-8,32,69,74).

Genus Strombomonas Delf.

S. deflandrei (Roll) Delf. (Pl. III, Fig. 15).

Lorica oval, brown and rough; tapering posteriorly into a short

conical pointed tail; antherior end with short wide neck, often

obliquely cut. Envelope brown, rough. 23 x 12.9μm.

Habitat: Small pond in Tapi river under railway bridge. Dec.

2010. (Coll.No. E-67).

S. eurystoma (Stein) Popova (Pl. III, Fig. 13).

Lorica ovoid; broader anteriorly; posteriorly rounded; short

collar around the flagellar opening. Wall scrobrous irregularly,

yellow brown in colour. 33.7 x 22.5μm.

Habitat: Tadi nala, Amalner, Dec. 2010. (Coll.No. E-124).

S. fluviatillis (Lemm.) Delf. var. levis (Lemm.) Skv. (Pl. III, Fig. 11).

Lorica ellipsoidal, fusiform; narrowing posteriorly to a sharp

tail; anteriorly evenly tapering to a short-neck, not toothed.

Wall brown and smooth. 51.1 x 261 μm.

Habitat: Tapi river, near village Kandari. Jan. 2011. (Coll.No.

E-140)

S. rangoonensis (Skv) Foot et. Komarek (Pl. III, Fig. 14).

Lorica broadly ovoid, broadest, rounded anteriorly; posterior

end slightly narrowed into flat bottom; collar short, straight

with smooth margin. Wall rough, red brown in colour. Cell

35.5 x 28.7 μm.

Habitat: Water supply tank Jalgaon city, Jan. 2011. (Coll.No.

E-144).

Strombomonas schauinslandii (Lemm.) Delf. (Pl. III, Fig. 12).

Lorica broadly rounded and slightly rhombic in the median

part; posteriorly abruptly to a short pointed tail; anteriorly a

long smooth, cylindrical neck with wide opening. Wall hyaline

and rough. 40.6 x 25.7μm.

Habitat: River Gul, near Kharad. (Coll. No. 96).

Astasia klebsii Lemm. (Pl. III, Fig. 8).

Cell colorless, fusiform to spindle shaped; anterior half of body

draw out into a long tail like process. Pellicle spirally straited,

striae very faint. Paramylum bodies many, ovoid in the wider

posterior half of the cell. 43 x 19.5 m.

Habitat: Rain-water pool, Savda, Sept. 2010. (Coll.No. E. 38).

Anisonema platysomum Skuja (Pl. III, Fig. 7).

Cell colorless, rigid, oval; anterior end rounded; posterior end

slightly narrowed, flattened with one longitudinal furrow.

Flagella 2 and equal. Pellicle smooth. 19.5 x 10.5 μm.

Habitat: Very rare species; Freshwater; College Garden water

tank, Faizpur, Sept. 2011. (Coll. No.E-36).

Entosiphon sulcatum (Duj.) Stein var. acuminatus Lemm. (Pl.

III, Fig. 1).

Cell colorless, rigid, oval, with rounded at anterior end; posterior

end broadly rounded with small pointed knob. Pellicle with 5

longitudinal ridges. Siphon funnel-shaped, reaching nearly

the full length of the cell. Flagella 2, equal. Paramylum small

and granuler. 25.3 x 11.7 μm.

Habitat: Rare species, Road side ditch, Faizpur, Oct. 2011.

(Coll. No.E-69.)/

Gyropaigne ucrainica Asaul (Pl. III, Fig. 6).

Cell colorless, obovate, anterior narrowed with notch; posterior

end broadly rounded with small pointed knob. Pellicle with

six longitudinal keels tracing a steep Z. helix. Paramylum of

two types i.e. dumb-bells and bobbins shaped. 31.2 x 24.2

μm.

Habitat: Rare species, collected in acidic ditch with decaying

vegetation, Savda railway station; Aug. 2010. (Coll.No. E-02.).

Heteronema cryptocercum Skuja (Pl. III, Fig. 9).

Cell colorless, spindle shaped with a coarse striation,

biflagellate; flagella unequal; posteriorly narrowing with a

conical end; anterior end abruptly tapering with hyaline neck.

Paramylum many. 17.5 x 21.5 μm.

Habitat: Puddle, Bhusawal, Sept. 2010. (Coll. No. E-35).

H. hexagonum (Playf.) Skuja. (Pl. III, Fig. 10).

Cell colorless, broadly cylindrical, appearing hexagonal.

Pellicle spirally striated. Flagella 02, out of 2 flagella, one

flagellum thick and long. Paramylum minute, oval, granuler

and scattered. 26.1 x 13.5 μm.

Habitat: Water pool, Girna river, Jalgaon. Sept. 2010 (Coll.No.

E- 46).

Peranema trichophorum (Ehr.) Stein. (Pl. III, Fig. 4).

Cell colorless, cylindrical conial; tapered towards the anterior

end; truncated posteriorly. Pellicle soft and spirally striated.

Paramylum many, rounded granules. Flagella 2 and thick.

44.1 x 26.1 μm.

Habitat: Bhokar river, Oknath. Aug. 2010. (Coll.No. E- 25).

Petalomonas tricarinata Skuja (Pl. III, Fig. 5).

Cell colorless, broadly ovoid, flattened anterior end narrowed,truncated; posterior end broadly rounded with three keels

Pellicle striations run parallel to keels. Paramylum granules

tend to lie in longitudinal row. Flagellum single. 25.7 x 13.5

μm.

Habitat: Freshwater, Bhokar river, Mangrud. Oct. 2010.

(Coll.No.E- 55).

Rhabdomonas incurva Frez. (Pl. III, Fig. 2).

Cell colorless, rigid, uniflagellate, spirally ridged, roudned at

both the ends; slightly curved one side. Paramylum 2 oval

discs with minute granules. 16.4 x 5.9 μm.

Habitat: College garden tank, Faizpur, March, 2011. C.No. E.

165.

Urceolus gobii Skv. (Pl. III, Fig. 3).

Cell colorless, flask-shaped with attenuated enterior end and

broadly rounded posterior end. Pellicle smooth. Flagellum

single and long 44 x 21.5 μm.

Habitat: Freshwater, Bhokar river, Mangrud, Oct. 2010.

(Coll.No.E- 55).

CONCLUSIONS

• The major objective of the present investigation was to

investigate the distribution of euglenoids and discover the

D. A. KUMAWAT AND JAYASHRI PATIL

317

types of habitats in which they live.

• Fifty four euglenoids have been identified, of these 39 from

unpolluted and 15 to polluted, habitats.

• pH value varied from 6.5 -9.1.

• 30 green, 1 brick red, 8 brown, 5 greenish brown and 10

colorless euglenoids were found. All are in planktonic form

except Colacium vesiculosm var nanans has been occurred

on aquatic animal.

• August to February months climate is very much

conductive for rich growth. In these months regularly in

the permanent variety of Euglena, Phacus, Trachelomonas

and Lepocinclis show a higher expression and greater

representation at the generic as well as species level. The

members of Phacus are found maximum and in diverse

form. This diversity and dominance is followed by members

of Euglena, Lepocinclis, Trachelomonas and

Strombomonas.

• The greatest number of taxa were found during post

monsoon to winter season, five species belongs to summer

season while five species present throught the year.

• Euglena viridis, E. granulata var. polymorpha and E.

sanguina were occured in the form of bloom.

• As far as the authors are aware, Lepocinclis elongata,

Phacus anacoclus, Trachelomonas reticulata, T. lacustris

var. sabulata, Petalomonas tricarinata and Gyropaigne

ucrainica are additions to the Indian algal flora.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to thank Principal, Dhanaji Nana Mahavidyalaya,

Faizpur and Head, Dept. of Botany for permission to use

laboratory.

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