Eurelectric Estadistica Prospectiva a 2030

OCTOBER 2009

STATISTICS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR 37TH EDITION EURPROG 2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A EURELECTRIC statistics report

The Union of the Electricity Industry–EURELECTRIC is the sector association representing the common

interests of the electricity industry at pan-European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents.

In line with its mission, EURELECTRIC seeks to contribute to the competitiveness of the electricity industry, to

provide effective representation for the industry in public affairs, and to promote the role of electricity both in the

advancement of society and in helping provide solutions to the challenges of sustainable development.

EURELECTRIC’s formal opinions, policy positions and reports are formulated in Working Groups, composed of

experts from the electricity industry, supervised by five Committees. This “structure of expertise” ensures that

EURELECTRIC’s published documents are based on high-quality input with up-to-date information.

For further information on EURELECTRIC activities, visit our website, which provides general information on the

association and on policy issues relevant to the electricity industry; latest news of our activities; EURELECTRIC

positions and statements; a publications catalogue listing EURELECTRIC reports; and information on our events and

conferences. EURELECTRIC pursues in all its activities the application of the following sustainable development values:

Economic Development

Growth, added-value, efficiency

Environmental Leadership

Commitment, innovation, pro-activeness

Social Responsibility

Transparency, ethics, accountability

Statistics and Prospects for the European Electricity Sector (1980-2000, 2006, 2007, 2010-2030) 37th Edition EURPROG 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NETWORK OF EXPERTS Statistics & Prospects Andy Papageorgi (CY) Chair Amira Ademovic (BA); Christian Bantle (DE); Manuela Brea (ES); Christoph Buenger (CH); Janet Coley (GB); Ljubica Cvenic (HR); Maria De lurdes baia (PT); Barbara Dekleva jencic (SI); Roby Gengler (LU); Agnes Gerse (HU); Giorgiana Giosanu (RO); Michael Guldbaek Arentsen (DK); Steven Harlem (BE); Christian Hennerbichler (AT); Niina Honkasalo (FI); Doron Ishar (IL); Mieczyslaw Kwiatkowski (PL); Aquilino Lobo Panizo (ES); Donal Lucey (IE); Ljiljana Mitrusic (RS); Marios Moschovits (GR); Habib Nasri (TN); Michael Nickel (DE); P. Penkov (BG); Arne Pettersen (NO); Vladimir Prochazka (CZ); Giancarlo Scorsoni (IT); Gulsun Sezgin (TR); Anders Sjogren (SE); Jômaâ Souissi (TN); Timo Tatar (EE); Joseph Vassallo (MT); Berno Veldkamp (NL); Edijs Vesperis (LV) Contact: Juho Lipponen – [email protected] Arta Denina – [email protected] Giuseppe Lorubio – [email protected] "This report is based on the estimations provided by the EURPROG group of Experts. The report should not be regarded as the definitive position of the background and prospects against which the individual country companies helping with its compilation base their business planning. While EURELECTRIC has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this report no representation, expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this report. It is recommended not to base investments on the contents of this report and if investments are to be considered it is advisable to seek detailed feasibility studies and advice from appropriate sources."

CONTENTS

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................1 I. General Information..............................................................................................................................6

1.1 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................6 1.2 Trends in general economic indicators .........................................................................................7

1.2.2 Breakdown of GDP ...............................................................................................................7 1.2.3 Population..........................................................................................................................15

1.3 General presentation of the Electricity Industry.........................................................................16 1.4 Comments ...................................................................................................................................18

II. Demand ..............................................................................................................................................37

2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ...............................................................................................37 2.2 Sectoral Breakdown ....................................................................................................................46 2.3 Customers ...................................................................................................................................53 2.4 Comment.....................................................................................................................................58

III. Supply ................................................................................................................................................62

3.1A Generation Equipment - Capacity By Primary Energy ..............................................................62 3.1B Generation Equipment - Capacity By Technology ....................................................................79

3.1.3 CHP Capacity by Fuel..........................................................................................................87 3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment ............................................................................................98

3.2.1 New Capacities...................................................................................................................98 3.3 Electricity production ............................................................................................................... 108

3.3.1 Annual production .......................................................................................................... 108 3.4 Comments ................................................................................................................................ 139

IV. Balances ......................................................................................................................................... 143 4.1 Capacity .................................................................................................................................... 143 4.2 Electricity balances................................................................................................................... 149 4.3 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) .......................................................................................................... 155 4.4 Comments ................................................................................................................................ 166

V. Environment.................................................................................................................................... 169 5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation............................................................................ 169 5.2 Emissions.................................................................................................................................. 176 5.3 Comments ................................................................................................................................ 180

Annex 1: List of contributing organisations

2009-180-0004 October 2009 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the thirty-seventh edition of the report earlier called EURPROG, now entitled ‘Statistics and Prospects for the European Electricity Sector’. It contains historical referenced data for the years 1980, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2007, plus forecasts for the years 2010, 2020 and 2030, on:

• The structure of the electricity industry • Trends in general economic indicators • Peak demand and load management • Medium and long term prospects for power generation • Electricity consumption by sector • Energy balance for electricity • Fuel consumption in and emissions from the electricity sector

While the data is relatively comprehensive until 2020, it must be noted that the available 2030 data is rather patchy, and therefore the following summary focuses on the present situation and forward within the 2020 horizon. It is our aim to develop greater visibility towards the future, and we therefore hope to publish a more reliable set of forward data in next year’s report. As some contributions from our statistics experts contain gaps, it has been necessary to draw on some external sources such as UCTE, UNFCCC, national TSOs etc, in order to obtain a coherent set of data. Based on the submissions, we are able to highlight trends and developments in Europe’s power sector, which are set out in the following sections. Power generation capacity A mixed portfolio Europe boasts a varied mix of power generation technologies, nearly half of its generation fleet being composed of low-carbon equipment. Such a balanced mix of technologies is indispensable to simultaneously ensure supply security and achieve the strategic objectives laid down in EU energy policy. The table below shows Europe’s generating capacity (MW) by primary energy:

2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 NUCLEAR 136,847 133,228 133,005 128,776 119,487

CONVENTIONAL THERMAL 390,498 423,118 441,716 445,726 485,174 HYDRO 135,468 140,179 140,772 143,172 156,334

OTHER RENEWABLES 21,127 67,808 76,591 105,391 203,658

NOT SPECIFIED 2,642 11,156 2,884 8,941 11,554

TOTAL 686,582 775,489 794,935 836,372 982,400 Generating capacity increased by only 2.5% between 2006 and 2007, from 775.5 GW to 794.9 GW. As shown in the above table, the major percentage increase was registered in the renewable energy sector, with more than 8.8 GW of new generation capacity coming on stream (up 13% on 2006). This development was mainly in wind, both on-shore and off-shore, and to some extent in solar installations. As regards fossil-fuel-fired capacity, 2007 saw some 18.6 GW come on stream, a modest percentage increase of 4% compared to 2006, mainly through growth in gas-fired plants. There was a marked decline in oil-fired and

2009-180-0004 October 2009 2

coal-fired plants, while nuclear and hydropower generation saw only slight adjustments, remaining roughly the same as the year before. Looking back over the 2000-2007 period, we see impressive growth in new renewable energy capacity, which increased by 55 GW, from 21 GW to more than 76 GW in only seven years, a rise of more than 250%, largely due to the growth in wind capacity. In the same period we record a more modest 13% increase, from 390 GW to 441 GW, in fossil fuel-fired capacity, which nevertheless still forms the backbone of Europe’s power generating equipment. Growth of low-carbon capacity Looking at the forecast for the year 2020, we see that the expected growth in total capacity of 24% compared to 2007, to reach close to 1,000 GW of installed capacity, will be driven mainly by renewable energy sources (RES), including hydro power, and fossil-fuel-fired (mainly gas-fired) plants, while nuclear capacity will progressively decline under current policy assumptions1. Under current scenarios, half of all electricity production capacity will be based on low-carbon technologies by 2020, with a growing share coming from renewable energies, above all wind, with off-shore wind capacity roughly thirty times as high in 2020 as 2007, on-shore wind more than doubling, solar capacity three times higher and biomass twice as high. The charts below display the percentage breakdown of generating capacity by fuel in the EU-27 between 2000 and 2020.

1 Nuclear policies are currently under review in a number of European countries, and the trends in nuclear

investment could change. Countries where nuclear policies are being or might be reviewed are Germany (following Federal elections in September 2009), Belgium and Sweden. New nuclear generation could also come on stream in Italy and Poland by 2020.

2000

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L57%

H YD R O20%

N UC LEA R20%

N OT SP EC IF IED

0%OT H ER R ES

3%

2007

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L55%

H YD R O18%

N OT SP EC IF IED

0%OT H ER R ES10% N UC LEA R

17%

2020

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L50%

H YD R O16%

OT H ER R ES21%

N OT SP EC IF IED

1% N UC LEA R12%

2006

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L55%

H YD R O18%

N OT SP EC IF IED

1% N UC LEA R17%

OT H ER R ES9%

2009-180-0004 October 2009 3

Power production Stabilising demand 2007-2008 Electricity production in the EU-27 countries increased only slightly between 2006 and 2007, from 3,194 TWh to 3,213 TWh and according to early statistics available for 2008, demand remained at 2007 levels for that year. Some 55%, i.e. 1,779 TWh, came from conventional thermal production. This figure is some 65 TWh higher than 2006. In contrast, nuclear power production totalled some 55 TWh lower in 2007 than 2006. RES-power production increased by some 32 TWh, nearly all of this attributable to new renewable energy sources, as hydro power production remained constant. Taking a look further back to the year 2000, EU-27 power production increased by over 11% to 2007, from 2,878 TWh to 3,213 TWh. While conventional thermal power retained its share of the power generation mix, changes occurred in the proportions of non-CO2-emitting production. The nuclear share decreased, whereas new RES increased their share from 2% to 6%. In absolute terms, power production from new renewable sources tripled from some 67 TWh to 198 TWh during this period. Towards greener power production 2007-2020 The trend towards less-CO2-intensive power production is set to continue under the new EU legislative framework, with an emissions cap and newly-agreed RES targets2. Looking towards 2020, we can point out certain trends. Firstly, Europe’s power demand and generation will continue to increase. Total power generation in the EU27 is likely to reach over 3,800 TWh by 2020. Highest growth is foreseen in new renewable energy, which will more than double in absolute terms in the space of thirteen years, from 198 TWh in 2007 to 530 TWh in 2020. While nuclear power production will remain constant in absolute terms, its share of the generation mix will, under present policy assumptions, fall from the current 28% to some 22%. While conventional thermal production is still likely to increase, especially gas-fired power, its overall share is set to fall from 55% to 52%. The following table represents Europe’s electricity production by primary energy (expressed in TWh):

2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 NUCLEAR 895.8 939.2 884.6 917.0 861.5

CONVENTIONAL THERMAL 1,527.3 1,713.1 1,779.1 1,738.8 1,994.0 HYDRO 379.9 335.9 335.4 371.0 401.0

OTHER RES 66.9 165.8 197.6 261.9 530.3

NOT SPECIFIED 15.1 37.8 17.1 28.6 34.2

TOTAL 2,878.0 3,194.3 3,213.1 3,319.1 3,821.4

2 NOTE: This year’s edition of EURPROG falls in an interim period in which EU Member States are devising strategies

on how to reach their RES targets. Not all the plans are clear at this stage, and consequently the figures may not fully take account of upcoming policy changes.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 4

Electricity sector emissions (kt)

2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 5,834.2 4,103.1 4,141.8 2,154.9 1,297.9 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 2,122.0 1,658.1 1,614.5 1,389.4 984.6 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1,112,569.0 1,190,243.0 1,253,827.6 N/A N/A

Electricity sector SO2 emissions have decreased dramatically since the 1980s (when they peaked at over 16 Mt). Reductions in sulphur dioxide have been remarkable even during the new millennium, as emissions fell from 5.8 Mt in 2000 to 4.1 Mt in 2007, though remaining constant between 2006 and 2007. The sector also reduced its NOx emissions during the first few years of the new millennium, from some 2 Mt in 2000 to 1.6 Mt in 2007. Regarding power sector carbon dioxide emissions, our figures show that absolute emissions increased slightly between 2000 and 2007, from 1,100 Mt to 1,250 Mt. However, as total power production increased during the same period, CO2 emissions per kWh remained constant, at a level of just below 400g CO2 per kWh produced. It is noteworthy that total power sector emissions have decreased across the 1990-2007 period. According to the European Environment Agency, CO2 emissions from power and heat production fell by some 7% from the 1990 baseline3.

3 EEA Energy and Environment Report 2008

2000

N UC LEA R31%

N OT SP EC IF IED

1%H YD R O13%

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L53%

OT H ER R ES2%

2006

N UC LEA R29%

OT H ER R ES5%

N OT SP EC IF IED

1%

H YD R O11%

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L54%

2007

N UC LEA R28%

N OT SP EC IF IED

1%

H YD R O10%

OT H ER R ES6%

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L55%

2020

OT H ER R ES14%

H YD R O10%

N OT SP EC IF IED

1%N UC LEA R

23%

C ON VEN T ION A L

T H ER M A L52%

2009-180-0004 October 2009 5

Specific emissions per kWh decreased significantly during the 1980-2007 period, from approximately 540g of CO2 in 1980. This is due to fuel switching from coal to gas, increases in power plant efficiency and the rise of renewable energy. Unfortunately, because of gaps in the data available, we are not able to offer a forecast of future emissions in this report. With the technological shift driven by putting a price on CO2 emissions, emissions are set to fall significantly in the coming decades. The use of renewable energy will continue to drive down emissions, and significant reductions are also expected from the advent of carbon capture and storage technologies and the continuing use of nuclear power, especially during the 2025-2035 timeframe. During 2009, the European electricity industry set out its vision for attaining a low-carbon power supply by 2050 and undertook a project - the EURELECTRIC Power Choices Study – to investigate how this can be achieved. The modelling exercise shows specific CO2 emissions per kWh falling from the current 390g to just one tenth of that figure, i.e. 40g of CO2 per kWh4 if the necessary policy measures are put in place.

4 EURELECTRIC “Power Choices” report, forthcoming by end-2009.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 6

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Foreword This is the thirty-seventh edition of the report earlier called EURPROG, now entitled “Statistics and Prospects for the European Electricity sector”. It contains historical referenced data for the years 1980,1990, 2000, 2006, 2007 as well as forecast for the years 2010, 2020 and 2030, concerning:

• The structure of the electricity industry • Trends in general economic indicators • Peak demand and load management • Medium and long term generating prospects • Sectoral electricity consumption • Energy Balance for electricity • Fuel consumption in and emissions from the electricity sector

The data contained in this report has been supplied by the electricity undertakings or organisations listed on page 4. They represent the situation and prospects as perceived by each country. Furthermore, the figures are not necessarily official national forecasts (by governments or electricity associations) but may be considered as “best engineering estimates” of the group members, based on a yearly updated picture of the planning and forecast situation in each country. It is important to ensure that good-quality data is gathered on time. With the liberalisation of the electricity sector, the challenges of gathering statistics increase, as the availability of data becomes an issue more and more often. Statistical analysis of the European electricity industry and supply security is also being done by UCTE. Please see end of this report for a short description of the UCTE exercise and its relation to work done in EURELECTRIC.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 7

1.2 Trends in general economic indicators 1.2.2 Breakdown of GDP

Table 1.2.2.1 Breakdown of GDP (Billion EURO at the 2000 price level and exchange rate)

AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 6.2 5.3 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8Industry 41.8 46.2 57.4 62.4 66.2 65.4 83.2Transport & Services 68.3 92.2 125.4 144.2 147.5 145.7 185.0Total Value Added 116.2 143.7 186.6 210.2 217.6 214.8 272.0Gross Domestic Product 130.6 161.7 207.5 232.3 240.6 237.5 300.8Private Final Consumption Expenditure 72.6 89.0 110.9 123.0 124.5 122.9 155.7Gross Fixed Capital Formation 36.0 40.5 50.8 52.4 55.0 54.3 68.8


BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 3.1 2.5 2.6Industry 60.5 64.6 66.4Transport & Services 160.3 182.5 187.3Total Value Added 223.8 249.6 256.3 250.6Gross Domestic Product 147.9 180.5 251.7 280.9 288.7 281.0Private Final Consumption Expenditure 81.0 98.7 135.7 146.1 149.1 148.8Gross Fixed Capital Formation 33.7 42.2 52.4 61.2 65.0 62.8


BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.3 2.4 4.1Industry 3.6 5.2 5.9 5.7 9.6 15.0Transport & Services 6.8 9.3 10.0 11.4 19.9 31.6Total Value Added 15.6 12.1 16.1 17.1 18.4 31.9 50.7Gross Domestic Product 16.3 13.7 18.4 19.5 22.1 37.4 58.1Private Final Consumption Expenditure 10.5 20.7 14.9 15.7 16.5 23.4 30.0Gross Fixed Capital Formation 2.6 4.2 4.8 5.1 5.4 6.2 6.5


CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3Industry 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3Transport & Services 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.5Total Value Added 9.3 11.4 11.6 13.2Gross Domestic Product 10.1 12.3 12.6 14.2Private Final Consumption Expenditure 6.5 8.1 8.6 9.6Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1.7 2.4 2.6 2.8

2009-180-0004 October 2009 8


CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 3.3 4.8 5.1 3.5 4.0 6.4Industry 25.3 32.5 34.8 33.6 42.8 69.0Transport & Services 33.6 41.0 43.9 48.4 74.2 101.9Total Value Added 62.3 79.5 85.1 85.4 121.2 177.4Gross Domestic Product 69.3 88.7 94.9 95.5 135.4 196.6Private Final Consumption Expenditure 36.4 47.3 50.6 51.7 73.2 102.0Gross Fixed Capital Formation 21.1 28.2 30.2 31.0 44.0 63.0


GERMANY

Tab 1.2.1 1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 18.6 22.7 23.5 17.9 20.0 21.0 22.0 22.0Industry 442.7 511.0 561.6 619.2 659.3 600.0 650.0 720.0Transport & Services 727.4 964.6 1,271.2 1,456.2 1,491.9 1,449.0 1,728.0 2,008.0Total Value Added 1,188.7 1,498.3 1,856.3 2,093.3 2,171.2 2,070.0 2,400.0 2,750.0Gross Domestic Product 1,275.0 1,592.4 2,062.5 2,187.9 2,241.7 2,110.0 2,450.0 2,800.0Private Final Consumption Expenditure 458.7 726.6 1,214.2 1,244.4 1,239.8 1,200.0 1,380.0 1,600.0Gross Fixed Capital Formation 185.5 278.3 442.4 440.1 459.2 430.0 495.0 525.0


DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 2.0 2.7 3.9 3.4 2.7 3.0 3.8 4.6Industry 20.9 23.9 31.6 31.5 31.6 30.0 35.7 44.0Transport & Services 78.7 91.9 113.6 125.9 129.3 131.5 155.1 188.3Total Value Added 101.6 118.5 149.0 160.8 163.7 164.5 194.5 237.0Gross Domestic Product 120.5 138.8 173.6 190.9 194.1 194.9 227.1 273.0Private Final Consumption Expenditure 66.1 71.9 82.7 96.4 98.7 100.9 119.9 147.6Gross Fixed Capital Formation 21.9 25.7 35.3 42.8 44.2 40.7 48.7 62.2


ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 0.3 0.2 0.2Industry 1.5 1.9 2.1Transport & Services 0.8 1.2 1.3Total Value Added 5.4 8.7 9.2Gross Domestic Product 6.1 9.8 10.5Private Final Consumption Expenditure 3.4 5.8 6.3Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1.6 4.4 5.0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 9


SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 28.4 27.2 25.0 22.5 23.2 23.9 26.1 25.5Industry 107.7 131.3 166.8 196.8 202.4 222.2 289.8 361.8Transport & Services 218.4 287.1 378.8 470.8 492.3 533.0 699.6 879.6Total Value Added 354.5 445.7 570.6 690.1 717.9 779.2 1,015.4 1,266.9Gross Domestic Product 365.4 487.3 630.3 768.9 797.3 868.8 1,134.6 1,418.7Private Final Consumption Expenditure 234.6 296.0 376.0 468.6 485.7 529.6 691.8 865.4Gross Fixed Capital Formation 82.2 123.8 162.8 227.1 239.6 251.7 312.7 368.9


FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.7Industry 20.0 26.9 38.8 50.2 54.3Transport & Services 44.2 61.7 72.3 81.5 83.3Total Value Added 69.3 93.0 115.2 135.3 141.4Gross Domestic Product 80.8 108.9 132.3 157.0 164.0Private Final Consumption Expenditure 41.2 58.1 65.4 79.7 82.3Gross Fixed Capital Formation 19.0 27.7 25.4 30.2 32.9


FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 29.1 30.2 36.6 46.6 52.8 59.3Industry 185.4 250.4 295.6 400.8 486.4 580.5Transport & Services 564.2 774.2 958.5 1,148.5 1,464.1 1,826.3Total Value Added 778.7 1,054.8 1,290.7 1,595.9 2,003.4 2,466.1Gross Domestic Product 878.1 1,181.2 1,441.4 1,729.0 2,170.4 2,671.8Private Final Consumption Expenditure 505.7 664.0 783.9 976.6 1,226.0 1,509.1Gross Fixed Capital Formation 174.1 235.3 280.7 343.3 431.0 530.5


UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 12.8 16.7 17.0 18.3 17.6 18.3 16.6 16.8Industry 211.2 269.0 306.6 314.6 315.0 281.5 315.5 353.6Transport & Services 638.6 843.2 1,130.2 1,347.3 1,397.5 1,380.0 1,771.8 2,267.8Total Value Added 862.6 1,128.9 1,453.8 1,680.2 1,730.1 1,677.7 2,103.8 2,638.1Gross Domestic Product 967.9 1,265.4 1,617.9 1,885.2 1,942.7 1,888.1 2,361.9 2,954.6Private Final Consumption Expenditure 535.3 754.9 964.4 1,175.4 1,211.0 1,195.3 1,504.9 1,894.7Gross Fixed Capital Formation 134.9 207.7 275.0 335.9 360.1 318.7 421.8 558.2

2009-180-0004 October 2009 10


GREECE


Source: Own calculation using Eurostat data: "Chain-linked volumes, reference year 2000 (at 2000 exchange rates)"


HUNGARY



IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 3.2Industry 39.5Transport & Services 50.9Total Value Added 93.6Gross Domestic Product 104.6Private Final Consumption Expenditure 50.1Gross Fixed Capital Formation 11.3 24.5

Source: Own calculation using Eurostat data: "Chain-linked volumes, reference year 2000 (at 2000 exchange rates)"


ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 21.8 24.7 31.2 32.6 33.2 37.3Industry 227.0 271.2 292.8 313.9 358.9 412.4Transport & Services 452.1 595.5 705.3 816.2 986.3 1,173.8Total Value Added 700.9 891.4 1,029.3 1,162.7 1,378.4 1,623.5Gross Domestic Product 802.1 1,017.4 1,191.1 1,320.1 1,557.5 1,834.5Private Final Consumption Expenditure 465.4 601.7 709.8 793.4 937.6 1,104.3Gross Fixed Capital Formation 173.2 214.5 242.0 272.6 322.1 376.1

2009-180-0004 October 2009 11


LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 1.9 4.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.5Industry 6.8 10.3 3.3 6.4 7.0 6.1 9.2 12.2Transport & Services 1.2 1.7 7.0 11.3 12.2 10.8 16.4 21.6Total Value Added 9.9 16.0 11.0 18.5 20.1 17.6 26.8 35.4Gross Domestic Product 11.2 18.0 12.4 20.8 22.6 19.8 30.1 39.7Private Final Consumption Expenditure 4.4 8.0 14.4 16.2 14.4 22.0 29.0Gross Fixed Capital Formation 2.8 2.3 5.4 6.6 5.1 7.8 10.3


LUXEMBOURG



LATVIA



MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030AgricultureIndustryTransport & ServicesTotal Value AddedGross Domestic Product 4.0 4.3 4.5Private Final Consumption Expenditure 2.6 2.8 2.9Gross Fixed Capital Formation 0.9 0.9 0.9

2009-180-0004 October 2009 12


NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 8.1 9.9 10.0 10.2 9.7 11.8 14.4Industry 117.1 152.7 166.2 172.7 164.6 200.6 244.5Transport & Services 152.9 210.8 237.7 246.1 234.5 285.8 348.4Total Value Added 278.1 373.4 413.9 428.9 408.7 498.2 607.3Gross Domestic Product 306.0 418.0 461.3 477.3 454.9 554.5 675.9Private Final Consumption Expenditure 230.5 302.7 332.5 340.5 324.5 395.5 482.1Gross Fixed Capital Formation 60.9 91.7 94.7 99.4 94.7 115.4 140.7


POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 9,7 10,0 11,0 12,6 17,7 25,0Industry 62,1 75,0 81,3 88,8 132,9 197,4Transport & Services 124,1 155,0 163,5 198,7 341,6 583,3Total Value Added 195,8 240,0 255,8 300,1 492,2 805,7Gross Domestic Product 162,3 157,3 220,1 273,4 291,7 342,9 564,5 928,2Private Final Consumption Expenditure 125,1 147,0 154,3 183,0 297,8 485,8Gross Fixed Capital Formation 33,0 46,2 46,6 54,8 57,6 93,5 154,7


PORTUGAL



ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 10.2 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.9 6.5 10.2Industry 21.4 13.0 18.3 20.1 20.0 34.9 55.2Transport & Services 11.3 18.2 28.1 30.7 32.1 51.6 83.9Total Value Added 42.8 35.7 50.9 54.3 55.9 93.0 149.3Gross Domestic Product 45.0 47.8 40.3 57.4 61.0 62.7 104.4 167.6Private Final Consumption Expenditure 34.0 31.8 44.7 45.9 42.9 62.6 100.5Gross Fixed Capital Formation 7.1 7.6 14.7 18.6 19.5 31.3 50.3

2009-180-0004 October 2009 13


SWEDEN



SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 0.6 0.6Industry 6.1 6.5Transport & Services 8.6 11.3Total Value Added 15.7 18.4Gross Domestic Product 17.4 21.1Private Final Consumption Expenditure 9.3 12.0Gross Fixed Capital Formation 3.0 5.5


SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 0.9Industry 7.1Transport & Services 11.6Total Value Added 19.6Gross Domestic Product 22.0Private Final Consumption Expenditure 12.4Gross Fixed Capital Formation 5.7


SWITZERLAND


2009-180-0004 October 2009 14


NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.8Industry 21.9 28.4 39.7 37.0 35.1 33.3Transport & Services 44.8 56.7 75.2 91.7 107.7 126.6Total Value Added 69.0 87.4 117.9 131.8 146.3 164.0Gross Domestic Product 78.9 96.0 132.1 148.5 165.7 186.7Private Final Consumption Expenditure 41.7 49.7 66.0 85.9 106.1 131.1Gross Fixed Capital Formation 21.9 21.8 29.6 27.8 32.1 37.2


TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Agriculture 24,2 27,1 29,2 32,0 29,9Industry 22,6 43,6 66,7 89,6 94,8Transport & Services 54,3 86,2 175,1 243,7 259,1Total Value Added 96,4 154,4 271,0 363,6 381,1Gross Domestic Product 91,8 152,5 289,4 386,6 404,6Private Final Consumption Expenditure 204,1 275,5 288,3Gross Fixed Capital Formation 31,5 59,0 92,4 97,4

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1.2.3 Population Table 1.2.3 Population (thousands) at year-end

Country 1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030AT 7 549 7 729 8 110 8 282 8 315 8 397 8 651 8 838BE 9 863 9 987 10 251 10 585 10 667 10 860 11 598 12 011BG 8 728 8 487 8 131 7 679 7 640 7 600 7 200 7 000CY 5 123 5 871 6 975 7 787 7 964 834 9 674 10 823CZ 10 327 10 363 10 273 10 287 10 381 10 283 10 284 10 102DE 78 275 79 365 82 260 82 315 82 218 81 960 80 690 78 480DK 5 124 5 146 5 349 5 447 5 478 5 520 5 697 5 880EE 1 477 1 571 1 372 1 344 1 342 1 284 1 221 1 202ES 37 386 38 836 40 233 43 737 44 230 45 326 48 186 50 129FI 4 788 4 999 5 180 5 277 5 300 5 356 5 546 5 683FR 55 113 56 577 58 825 61 040 62 302 64 983 67 204GB 56 329 57 288 58 886 60 587 60 975 62 404 66 748 70 732GR 9 643 10 193 10 931 11 172 11 222 11 360 11 633 11 701HU 10 709 10 375 10 222 10 077 10 066 10 023 9 893 9 651IE 3 401 3 506 3 790 4 434 4 971 5 066IT 56 434 56 719 57 704 58 986 59 051 58 344LT 3 420 3 698 3 500 3 385 3 366 3 320 3 180 3 100LU 365 384 439 476 484 500 557 612LV 2 515 2 658 2 364 2 281 2 271 2 237 2 086 2 020MT 352 389 408 410 420NL 14 100 14 947 15 922 16 341 16 500 16 700 17 000PL 35 735 38 183 38 254 38 126 38 116 38 092 37 830 37 439PT 9 819 9 873 10 257 10 599 10 618 10 656 10 826 10 893RO 22 201 23 207 22 435 21 584 21 538 21 414 20 990 20 368SE 8 318 8 591 8 883 9 113 9 183 9 351 9 739 10 050SI 1 901 1 998 1 988 1 961 1 849 2 003SK 4 996 5 298 5 403 5 388 5 251 5 186CH 6 385 6 796 7 204 7 509 7 561 7 692 8 002 8 142NO 4 092 4 250 4 503 4 640 4 681 4 850 5 045 5 367TR 46 625 55 588 64 697 69 831 70 586 70 655 73 093

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1.3 General presentation of the Electricity Industry Electricity Industry, year 2007

Country Employees (number)

Annual Investments (Million of EUR)

Turnover (Million of EUR)

AT 20,000 1,300.0 -BE - - -BG - - -CY 2,261 158.3 546.7CZ 19,000 1,200.0 3,600.0DE 122,000 13,900.0 57500.0DK - - -EE 8,500 173.0 575.0ES 24,460 6,585.0 17,438.0FI - - -FR - - -GB 68,000 8,054 38,179.0GR 25,800 - -HU 12,844 - 3,684.0IE - - -IT - - -LT 9,795 201 1,013.0LU - - -LV 5,500 315.0 430.0MT 1,213 48.2 202.6NL - - -PL 73,080 1,908.7 9,296.5PT - - -RO - - -SE 19,840 2,600.0 8,521.0SI - - -SK - - -CH 26,000 988.4 5,169.5NO 12,000 - -TR 13,207 - -

• Data refers to the entire electricity sector • Employees are directly employed • For annual investments only capital investments are considered.

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Table 1.3.1 -Number and Market Shares of Companies in the Electricity Sector – 2007

Transmission DistributionNumber Market Share Number Number Number Market Share

AT 6 - 3 138 9 -BE - - - - - -BG 7 - 1 3 - -CY 1 - 1 1 1 100,0%CZ 1 65,0% 1 3 3 98,0%DE 4 73,0% 4 890 3 46,0%DK - - - - - -EE 1 96,0% 1 40 1 96,0%ES 5 71,0% 1 324 4 96,0%FI - - - - - -FR - - - - - -GB 9 92,0% 4 15 6 99,0%GR 1 93,0% 1 1 1 100,0%HU 5 74,0% 1 6 7 83,0%IE - - - - - -IT - - - - - -LT 5 100,0% 1 2 3 100,0%LU - - - - - -LV 2 65,0% 1 1 2 100,0%MT 1 100,0% 0 1 1 100,0%NL - - - - - -PL 7 71,0% 1 33 6 100,0%PT 3 72,0% 1 3 1 90,0%RO 7 87,0% 1 8 9 71,0%SE 3 85,0% 1 164 - -SI - - - - - -SK - - - - - -CH 4 49,0% 1 - 4 64,0%NO 5 - 1 - - -TR 4 65,0% 1 21 4 65,0%

Generation *) Supply *)

*) > 5% of Production or Supply

Notes: • Figures are the best estimation • Generation: only companies with 5% or more of the electricity domestic output • Transmission: TSOs - Transmission System Operators - • Distribution: Distribution companies • Supply: Companies Selling Electricity to End-Users (only companies with 5% or more of the total

electricity sold to final customers) The remainder is met by other generation or supply companies. When assessing the market situation net imports must be considered as well (see Tables 4.2)

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1.4 Comments

AUSTRIA GENERAL INFORMATION Economic framework During the last decade Austria experienced an economic growth of 2,4% with an inflation of 2% in average per year. In 2008 the GDP growth rate accounted for 1,8%. Due to the financial turmoil a decrease in GDP in 2009 is expected. An estimate of future development is quite insecure. However it is expected that Austria is less affected by the crisis than most of the European economies. It is assumed that in 2010 positive growth rates will be experienced again and from then onwards the economy will return to its former growth path. Structure and situation of electricity industry The electricity generation in Austria in 2007 is dominated by hydropower with a share of 59,4% in total electricity generation. To support the expansion in hydropower generation, the Austrian government presented the “Masterplan Wasserkraft” (Masterplan Hydropower). A study has been performed, indicating that additional 13 TWh of technically and economically feasible potential exists whereof a realisation of 7 TWh up to 2020 is planned. Until 2001 Austria exported more electricity than it has imported. However, the situation has changed. Today there is a negative physical exchange balance of 6,6 TWh which represents approximately 10% of total demand. Austria´s electricity industry shows a good performance with a nonavailability of electricity services of 45,47 minutes per customer and per year. Nevertheless it is inevitable to further develop the Austrian grid. At the moment the enlargement of the 380kV-grid, which will close the planned 380 kV high voltage ring, is in progress as one of the major projects. Legal facts The Austrian electricity market has been completely liberalised in October 1st 2001, with Austria taking a pioneering role in the liberalisation process in the EU. The 1998 Electricity Act (ElWOG) constitutes the basis for this and implemented the EU electricity internal market directive into Austrian law. The supervision of the opened electricity market was assumed by the E-Control GmbH and the E-Control Commission. These organisations have been provided with extensive competitive supervision, regulatory and monitoring competencies. Wholesale market The Austrian electricity market is part of the central European market. The Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA) was founded in 2001 and launched spot trading of electric power in March 2002. In June 2005 additionally the market segment of environmental products was opened with the trading of European carbon emissions allowances. In the end of 2008 EXAA´s power and carbon market was utilised by 49 companies from 13 different countries whereas the share of non Austrian companies is significantly dominating. The power traded on the spot market accounted for 2,5 TWh in 2008. Wholesale market prices in Austria are highly correlated to the development of the German Electricity Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig. Furthermore the majority of the volume traded by Austrian market participants is traded on the EEX and only partly on EXAA. Nevertheless prices at the Austrian EXAA play an important role as an indicator for the short run development of the European wholesale prices as it starts trading earliest in Europe.

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DEMAND In the last decade electricity demand in Austria increased by approximately 2% per year. The estimation up to 2020 takes a lower future increase of 1,4% per year into account according to data provided by the European Commission. Until today the evolution of Austria´s electricity consumption is still highly dependent on the development of GDP. For the future development efforts for a decoupling of these parameters are undertaken especially through the improvement in energy efficiency. SUPPLY The expansion of power generation in the upcoming years as well as the time of completion of new power plants highly depends on the procedure and administration length of the environmental impact assessments (UVP) criteria. The estimates provided in this paper about future development are based on published information about investment projects provided by member companies and energy forecasts of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research. The emphasis of future investment in the upcoming years in Austria´s electricity generation is placed in the expansion of renewable energies. In terms of the implementation of a EU directive for increasing the share of renewable energy sources, an Austria-wide promotion system for “green” electricity and combined heat and power plants (KWK) was created in 2002 to raise the share of renewable energy sources in the generation mix of electricity. The Austrian Green Electricity Act 2008 plans the development of 700 MW each for water and wind power and 100 MW for biomass by the year 2015 for this purpose. Investment in thermal power plants (especially gas) is also planned to go along with the increasing electricity demand. BALANCES Data concerning peak demand in the electricity system are monitored on each third Wednesday of each month. Among other factors peak demand is significantly influenced by climatic conditions since high power demand is expected during winter months (December/January). Usually a decline in temperature of 1 degree seems to lead to an increase of the peak demand in the range of 50 MW to 100 MW depending on various other factors (season, level of temperature, etc.) The main part of the “foreseeable not available capacity” (Table 4.1) is the reduced capacity of run of river plants, caused by smaller water flow of rivers in the winter season or too much water in case of flooding. An additional part is less power capacity in consequence of an increased heat or steam production in cogeneration units or to increase imports. Sources for the data in table 4.1 are UCTE publications. ENVIRONMENT According to data of the federal environmental agency a decoupling of electricity production and GHG-emissions has been observed during the last years. From 1990 to 2007 the amount of GHG-emissions from public electricity and heat production decreased by 3,8% while electricity production increased by 23% and heat production increased by 129,1%. Energy supply was responsible for 16% of overall GHG-emissions in Austria in 2007. The major part of the national GHG emissions falls upon the sectors of transport and industries with approximately 30% of overall GHG emissions each.

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BULGARIA In 2008 the positive trends in operation of the market were retained. The total traded volumes and the resales are showing a considerable growth. In December 2008, 8 generators, 72 customers and 35 traders are listed in the register of the market participants. The monthly number of the different categories is shown on Table 1. Table 1

Participants 12 /2007

01/ 2008

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 010 011 012 Growth,% 2007-08

Generators 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 14.2

Customers 62 64 65 67 68 69 70 72 72 72 72 72 72 16.1

Traders 24 28 29 30 30 30 32 32 32 33 33 33 35 45.8

Some small customers connected to the MV grid decided to withdraw from the open market and move once again to the regulated market. The regulated segment is considerably high and will continue to exist, according to the legislation for small industrial customers and residential customers. The total traded volume at freely negotiated prices in 2008 reached 13 731 244 MWh, out of which 4 552084 MWh were declared by final customers. The traded quantities from the first year when the market started – 2004 up to 2008 are shown on Table 2. Table 2 Year Declared by final customers,

MWh Total traded volumes, including resale’s, MWh

2004 232 383 232 383 2005 2 607 024 2 711 609 2006 3 214 550 4 140 553

2007 3 633 072 7 302 976

2008 4 552 084 13 731 244 Four new generators joined the market in 2008 with active trades. The total volume sold by generators at freely negotiated prices in 2008, according to the registered schedules is 8 268 837 MWh, compared to 4 314 274 MWh in 2007. The electricity realized in the neighbor control areas represents 45% from the total trades referred to generators. In compliance with the Regulation 1228/2003/EC ESO organizes Auctions for allocation of cross-border capacities. The register of eligible users, the available transfer capacities, the auction specifications and auction results are published on a regular basis on the web-site. The validated cross-border schedules and the cross-border physical flows are also public accessible information. The market will be developed further with introduction of a new market design and possibilities the participants to join in balancing groups. The Balance Responsible Parties will be liable toward ESO for the imbalances of their groups. New Market Rules are in a process of development. Market based principles in delivery of Regulating/Balancing energy by the selected Generators and new Mechanism for calculation of the balancing energy prices will be put in place, together with a new IT Platform.

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GERMANY After a GDP increase at a rate of 3.0% in 2006 and 2.5% in 2007, economic growth in Germany increased in 2008 at a rate of 1.3%. The economic growth was driven by investments and the export sector. For 2009, a GDP decline is expected but serious forecasts are difficult to give in the light of the current situation. In table 1.3, the figure “Employees” contains only figures for the employees working in the public supply. Annual investments contain only gross investments in fixed assets. The turnover presents the turnover of electricity delivered to end consumers. The four transmission system operators (TSO) in Germany are EnBW, E.ON, RWE and Vattenfall Europe, each of them responsible for one of the four German control areas. Furthermore around 890 distribution system operators run distribution networks in Germany. In general, the figures cover the electricity sector of the whole country, except where explicitly stated otherwise. Legal facts Due to the former EnWG (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz), which came into effect in April 1998, the German electricity market became a full competitive market. The EnWG governs grid operation and codifies the negotiated access to the grid. Until the end of the year 2004 the so-called Association's Agreement ruled the negotiated third-party access. In July 2005, the new EnWG came into effect and the regulatory authority Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Grid Agency) resumed its work. The Bundesnetzagentur is mainly regulating grid access and grid fees. In general the Bundesnetzagentur is responsible for companies with more than 100.000 customers. Smaller companies are regulated by the respective authority in the corresponding federal state but some federal authorities assigned its responsibility to the Bundesnetzagentur. On 1 January 2009, incentive regulation for grid operators started in Germany. The regulation scheme contains a revenue-cap with two periods each lasting 5 years. Afterwards, a yardstick competition scheme shall be implemented. Efficiency for grid operators was measured with a dual benchmarking, whereof the better efficiency value is used. Smaller companies with less than 30.000 customers had the opportunity to choose a simplified treatment, which allows them not to be part of the benchmarking. In return, they accept a fixed rate of 87.5% for efficiency in the first period and the average efficiency as a result of the benchmarking for the second period. Retail market Complete liberalisation in 1998 had fundamental impacts on the German electricity market. In the beginning, prices fell rather quickly for industrial customers as well as for private households. After a period of strong price-competition, prices have been steadily increasing again since 2000. This effect results from an increasing market consolidation and rising fuel prices up to 2008. However, this upward trend is not only market-based but rather state-induced. Thus the share of taxes and levies on electricity price arose from 25% in 1998 to 40% in 2009 for private households and from 2% to 21% for industrial customers. Looking at customer switching, results from a customer survey in December 2008 show the following: 19% of private households have switched their supplier since 1998, another 41% have chosen a better contract with their existing supplier.

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Furthermore, 13% of commercial customers have switched their supplier and more than half negotiated a better contract with their existing supplier due to market liberalisation. Nearly all of industrial customers changed at least once their supplier or negotiated a better contract since 1998. Wholesale market Apart from an active OTC market for electricity sales, the European Energy Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig gains more and more importance. The EEX in Leipzig – emerged from the European Energy Exchange in Frankfurt/Main and the Leipzig Power Exchange – resumed work in July 2002. The main activities cover the spot market, the futures market and the clearing of OTC dealings. The index underlying the futures market is the Phelix price index representing the arithmetic mean of the 24 single-hour prices for the respective next day on exchange's spot market. In 2008, 1,319 TWh (2007: 1,273 TWh) were traded at the EEX, whereof 154 TWh or around 30% of the German net electricity consumption account for the spot market and 1,165 TWh are traded in the futures market. In February 2009, the EEX had 219 member companies from 19 nations, whereof two-thirds are non-German. The EEX is a regulated market subject to the German Exchange Act. It is supervised by three different institutions: the Exchange Council, the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Free State of Saxony and the German Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht BAFin). Today the exchange prices are the benchmark for the whole market including OTC wholesale and retail business. In the field of power trading EEX cooperates with the French Powernext SA. In the future, short-term power trading on both exchanges will be operated by the joint, Paris-based company EPEX Spot SE, in which EEX and Powernext hold 50 percent each. European power derivatives trading will be concentrated in Leipzig. In the future, clearing and settlement for all spot and derivatives transactions on power will be provided by ECC, which has already been settling the natural gas transactions traded on Powernext since November 2008.

SPAIN Organisation of electricity supply a. Agents

Electricity generators, whose function is to generate electric power as well as to construct, operate and maintain generation stations. Autoproducers of electricity, that generate electricity mainly for their own use. The Market Operator, a busines entity whose responsability is to assure the correct economic perfomance of the electricty generation markets. The System Operator is the player responsible for the technical management of the system. Transmission agents, who are those companies whose function is to transmit electricity as well as to construct, operate and maintain transmission installations.

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Distribution agents, who are those companies whose function is to distribute electricity as well as to construct, operate and maintain distribution installations. Retailers, whose function is to sell electricity to qualified consumers or to other agents of the system. Consumers that may purchase electricity for a regulated tariff or through any other method stipulated by the law.

b. How the system works Electric power is generated within a framework of free competion based on a system power bids from generators and a system of demand bids from qualified consumers, distributors and retailing agents. The economic and technical management of the system, transmission and distribution are considered regulated activities and their economic arrangements and the way they work are determined by the law. Third-party access to the networks is guaranteed by law. The retailing of electric power is considered as non-regulated activity.

Data General Information. In preparing this report, the current economic crisis was not taken into account because there is insufficient information to assess its impact. In general the Spanish data cover the overall country, that is, both the mainland interconnected system and the island’s systems. Data shown in Table 1.3 related to the number of employees, the annual investments and the turnover correspond to the UNESA’s member companies. Investment data include the investments of electricity companies on renewable energy sources, but they do not include investments on transmission network. The capacity balance, Table 4.1 does not refer to the overall country but to the mainland interconnected system.

GREECE In Greece, the largest electricity power generation company is Public Power Corporation S.A. (PPC S.A.), supplying electricity to approximately 7.5 million customers. In 2008, PPC S.A. produced 91.1% of the 57.5 TWh of electric power generated in the country. As of December 31st 2008, the company’s total installed power generation capacity was 12,843 MW out of 14,747 MW installed in the country. At present besides PPC, there are five other Independent Power Producers (IPPs) operating natural-gas fired plants with 656 MW installed capacity. Moreover, there are numerous smaller RES and CHP producers. Total electrical power is transported via 12017 Km high voltage lines and distributed to consumers via a 217200 km long medium and low voltage network. PPC is the second largest lignite producer in the European Union and the fifth largest in the world. Lignite for PPC’s lignite-fired power stations is extracted mainly from its mines which produced 62.5 million tons of lignite during the year ending 31 December 2008. The regulatory framework for the Greek electricity industry has changed significantly over the last years as a result of European Union and Greek government measures designed to increase competition in the electricity market. Following the provisions of the Electricity Directive 96/92 EC for the liberalization of the internal market, the Greek State in 1999 introduced Law 2773/99 for the “Liberalisation of the Electricity Market Energy Policy Matters Regulation and other Provisions”, which incorporated the provisions of the Electricity Directive into Greek national legislation and which created the framework for the liberalisation of the Greek electricity market. The law

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provided for several changes required by the new market concept among which were: the transformation of the Public Power Corporation into a société anonyme, the introduction of competition in generation through the granting of authorizations to generate electricity in the interconnected system and through a tendering procedure for authorizations to provide generating capacity on the autonomous island systems, the establishment of a Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE) and an Independent System Operator (HTSO) and new codes for the operation of the transmission system, third party access and operation of the new market. Furthermore, in order to facilitate and increase market competition the Greek Parliament adopted in July 2003 Law 3175/03 that significantly amended several provisions of the Law 2773/99 in accordance with provisions of the new Electricity Directive 2003/54 EC. The amended Liberalization Law came into effect on 29th August 2003. In 2005, Law 3426/05 was introduced in order to fully transpose the Directive 2003/54 EC. According to the law the HTSO is entitled to enter into capacity-availability agreements following the launch of tender procedures for 1,300 MW of new generation capacity that must be commissioned by December 31st 2010. These agreements will provide to the investor a motivation for project financing. A new Grid and Power Exchange Code was also introduced on May 2005, setting the rules for the operation of the day-ahead electricity market. In addition, in 2006, a new Law (3468/06) for Renewable Energy Sources and Cogeneration of Heat and Power was put into force. The recent legislation has given shape to the liberalized Greek Electricity Market which is now based on a mandatory day-ahead market model (pool). All energy is injected into and absorbed from the “pool”. The participants are: the producers, the importers, the suppliers and the self-supplied eligible customers. Suppliers and self-supplied eligible customers buy at the System Marginal Price (SMP) which is defined by the most expensive unit that is dispatched in order to cover the demand. Initially, the opening of the electricity market became legally effective on February 19th 2001, when all high and medium voltage customers became eligible, representing approximately 6,500 customers or 34% of the Greek electricity market in terms of power consumption. Since July 1st 2004, all non-household customers - excluding the customers in non-interconnected islands - are considered as eligible (62% of the market) Since July 1st, 2007, all customers (including household customers) are considered Eligible Customers, with the exemption of the customers of the non-interconnected micro-isolated island systems, as long as derogation is provided in accordance with the provisions of 2003/54/EC Directive. On June 25th 2007 a ministerial decision defined the content of Public Service Obligations as: a) The provision of electricity to the consumers of non-interconnected islands and isolated micro systems

at the same tariffs per category with these of the interconnected system. b) The provision of electricity at special (reduced) tariffs to families having many children, as this category

of families is defined by the Greek Law. RAE was established on 1st July 2000, as an independent authority responsible for regulating the Greek Energy market. RAE mainly has an advisory and supervisory role while decision-making power lies with the Minister of Development. RAE is responsible for the security of the electricity system and advises the Minister for providing licenses to independent generators. The HTSO was established on 3rd May 2001, as an independent entity to operate and ensure the maintenance and development of the Greek interconnected electricity transmission system and its interconnections with other networks. The HTSO provides access to the Transmission System to Independent Power Producers, Suppliers and Renewable energy producers. The 51% of its share capital belongs to the Greek State while PPC possesses the rest 49%. The HTSO became operational in May 2001 and since then operates the daily electricity market.

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According to the Provisions of MD/49828/12-11-2008 we have an approval of a specific land-planning and sustainable development framework for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) together with a strategic assessment of its environmental repercussion. With the provisions of Law 3743/2009, Greek legislation is harmonized with the Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council held at February 11, 2004 related to the promotion of energy cogeneration and the modification of Directive 92/42/EEC (EE L 52/50) and is supplemented by the legal framework for the promotion of two or more useful forms of energy cogeneration. By the year 2013 three more non interconnected island of the Cyclades islands will be connected to the Interconnected system. Unbundling Public Power Corporation, as part of the company’s transformation into a commercial entity capable of competing in a liberalized market, adopted an organizational structure, which more closely reflects its core business (Mines, Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Supply) operations. Thus, each business unit is responsible for controlling its own costs and achieving its own operating targets, with the General Manager of each business unit reporting directly to our Chief Executive Officer. The reorganization of the business units aims at separating the responsibilities among the units as well as ameliorating the performance of each business unit. The TSO (HTSO) is an independent legal entity since 2001. According to Law 3426/2005, a combined Transmission and Distribution System Operator should have been established until July 1, 2007. The requirement for the functional unbundling of the Distribution System Operator should be fulfilled through the establishment of appropriate structures within PPC. This new independent entity will be formed through the expansion of the existing Transmission System Operator (HTSO), which will be renamed into Hellenic Transmission and Distribution Systems Operator (HTDSO). HTDSO will inherit all HTSO’s responsibilities and will undertake the responsibilities of the DSO that are provided by the law. Ownership of the assets of the Transmission System as well as the Distribution Network remains within PPC. Regarding the non-interconnected islands, according to Law 3426/2005, PPC is appointed as the Operator for the non-interconnected islands. The activities of PPC as an operator are functionally unbundled from the rest of its activities. Towards this aim a separate entity was established inside PPC in 2007. The Operator has, among others, the responsibilities for the distribution system operation as well as the ones for scheduling and dispatching of the generation units, according to the provisions of the Code for the Operation of the non-interconnected islands. PPC should keep separate accounts for the activities of generation, distribution and supply for those islands. Economy Growth in the Greek economy has accelerated remarkably, from the average annual real growth rate of 3.1% during the period 1994-2001 to 3.8% in 2002, 4.7% in 2003, 4.2% in 2004, 3,7% in 2005, 4.2% in 2006, 4.1% in 2007 and 3.1% in 2008. According to the “Revised Stability and Growth Program 2008-2011” the projections for annual growth of the Greek State will reach 1.1% in 2009. 1.6% in year 2010 and 2.3% in year 2011. LITHUANIA Generation The main generators in Lithuania:

- State-owned company “Ignalinos atomine elektrine” (Ignalina NPP) at present has installed one unit with capacity 1300 MW. Unit 2 of Ignalina NPP has to be closed by the January 1 of year 2010.

- Joint stock company “Lietuvos elektrine” AB (Lithuanian PP) has installed capacity 1800 MW. - Vilnius Combined Heat and Power (CHP) belongs to “Vilniaus energija” UAB. Installed capacity is

384 MW and is used for heat energy supply to Vilnius city also.

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- Kaunas Heat and Power Plant (UAB) have installed capacity 170 MW. It is the main supplier of heat and electric power to the Kaunas inhabitants.

- “Mazeikiu elektrine” AB (Mazeikiai CHP) has capacity 160 MW. It is used not only for electricity production, but also for heat energy supply to Mazeikiai oil refinery.

- In June 2008 Panevezio energija AB successfully finished to build a combined heat and power plant in Panevėžys (Panevezys CHP) which produces heat and supplies town inhabitants with electric power. Panevezys CHP has capacity 35 MW.

On 27 February 2006, the Prime Ministers of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia signed a communiqué which invited state-owned energy companies in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to invest in the design and construction of a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania. On the basis of this communiqué, on 8 March 2006, the heads of Lietuvos Energija, Eesti Energia and Latvenergo during their meeting in Ignalina signed a memorandum of understanding on the preparation for construction of a new nuclear reactor in Lithuania. On 28 June 2007, Lithuania's parliament adopted a law on building a new nuclear power plant, the formal start of a project. On 4 July 2007, the President of Lithuania signed the law. The law also stipulated creation of a "national investor" to gain investments for the new nuclear power plant. The creation of the national investor LEO LT was agreed between the Government of Lithuania and NDX Energija on 20 December 2007. Lithuanian Parliament approved the agreement on 1 February 2008 and the Lithuanian President signed the law on 12 February 2008. On 15 November 2007, the environmental impact assessment program was approved. On 30 July 2008, the planned new nuclear power plant was officially named Visaginas nuclear power plant. There were no new big power plants under construction. The national power company LEO LT, established on May 20, 2008, controls through its subsidiaries the key part of the Lithuanian electrical power system – the electricity transmission grid and distribution networks. The company is currently implementing a series of strategic projects, specified in the National electricity strategy, including the establishment of interconnections between the Lithuanian, Polish and Swedish power systems, as well as the construction of a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania. Transmission The main function of Lietuvos Energija AB in its role of Transmission System Operator is to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the Lithuanian power system. Lietuvos Energija AB owns:

- 1670 km overhead lines 330 kV; - 4973 km overhead lines 110 kV; - 35.6 km underground 110 kV cable lines; - 13 substations 330 kV; - 215 substations 110 kV; - Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant (Kaunas HPP). The plant has a capacity of 100.8 MW A

renovation was begun in 2005. The first phase was completed in November 2008; completion is scheduled for the end of 2009.

- Kruonis Pumped Storage Power Plant (Kruonis PSPP). Installed capacity of the plant is 900 MW. - The dispatch control centre of Lithuanian power system; - The telecommunication network and information system.

Under the Law on Electricity Lietuvos energija AB is responsible for: - Maintenance and development of the transmission grid; - Ensure a balance between electricity production and consumption as well as electricity

transmission from Lithuania’s power plants to its distribution companies; - Secure and reliable operation of the Lithuanian power system; - Operation of electricity market in Lithuania.

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Distribution There are two main distribution companies in Lithuania:

• “Rytu Skirstomieji Tinklai” AB (Eastern distribution networks) was founded on December 31, 2001, after reorganization of the company Lietuvos Energija AB. The Eastern distribution networks company is responsible for the maintenance, testing, and development of low (0.4 kV) and medium (6–10 kV) voltage distribution networks, ensures reliable and efficient electricity distribution to the end users. It supplies electricity on request of every customer in the territory assigned to the Company’s services – the Eastern part of Lithuania. Branches Vilnius, Panevėžys, Utena, and Alytus, is rendering its services to over 738 thousand customers in the 34.8 thousand sq. km territory.

• VST AB is a modern company distributing and supplying electric energy and providing services to over 673 000 customers in the Western and Central Lithuania. The company is the owner of electric power distribution network, i.e. the overhead lines and cable lines of low and medium voltage, as well as the owner of more than 16 000 transformer substations. The company is responsible for power distribution networks in Kaunas, Klaipėda and Šiauliai regions, and also for safety, reliability, operation, maintenance, management and development of the network.

LUXEMBURG Since July 1st 2007 the electricity market in Luxembourg is opened by 100% and since August 21st 2007 the new energy law defines different new roles and duties for the market players and also for the grid operators. Actually the public grid in Luxembourg is connected in radial to the German grid and no transits with other countries are possible. For that reason, the electricity market situation in Luxembourg is strongly coupled to the marked situation in Germany as the capacity of the interconnection lines is sufficient to cover the load situation. Cegedel Net has also signed the MOU established in the framework of the Pentalateral Forum of the Central West European (CWE) region (Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands), reaffirming the initiative to improve cooperation towards a more integrated electricity market in this region.

LATVIA The stock company Latvenergo is the largest company in Latvia functioning in power business. In 2007, Latvenergo provided 88% of total national energy generation. It operates two combined heat and power plants (474 MWel) (providing Riga, the capital of Latvia with heat) and three hydro power plants (1564 MW). The maximum of electric generating capacity was 2259 MW in 2007 and electricity consumption 7.5 TWh. Small CHP facilities, small hydro plants and wind turbines produced the rest of in Latvia generated electricity. There are strong synchronous interconnections linking Latvia with Estonia, Lithuania and Russia via 330 kV and 110 kV lines. Latvia is the “transit country” for electricity. The wheeling power is about 2-3 TWh annually. The Transmission System Operator (110 kV and 330 kV) – Augstsprieguma tikls (stock company High Voltage Network) and Sadales tikls (stock company Distribution Network) are independent companies within the Latvenergo Group. The constructions of interconnections between Baltic and Nordic electricity markets promote a gradual development of a regional electricity market. The Estlink underwater cable (2007) between Estonia and Finland ensure access to the Nordic electricity market.

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In the annual electrical energy balance, Latvia is the net importer of electricity due to shortage of available capacity and its high dependence on seasonal hydropower for its domestic production. The share of HPPs produced energy (run-of-river) fluctuates between 30-60 percent of energy consumption. The Energy Law has come in force in 1998. The Energy Law served as a framework for the implementation of EU Directive 2003/54/EC. In 2000, the Saeima (Latvian Parliament) complemented Energy Law with the article stating that Latvenergo assets (HPPs, CHPs, transmission and distribution systems) are the strategically important subjects owned by the state. Public Utilities Commission is the independent state institution responsible for regulation of energy, telecommunications, post and railway sectors in accordance with the law "On Regulators of Public Utilities" and the corresponding normative acts in the regulated sectors. Activities of market participants are limited by Grid Codes. There was passed the Electricity Market Law in May 2005. The electricity market is fully open since 2007. Competition in generation: At present, in Latvia HPP and CHPs generation dominates. HPPs produce cheaper energy; CHPs generate electricity as heat by-product. The Energy Law obliges to purchase excess the electricity generated by small renewable power producers. In 2000, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania decided to create Common Baltic Electricity Market (CBEM) in order to gain benefits from mutual co-operation. In February 2001, Baltic States signed a multilateral technical agreement with Russia and Belarus on the parallel operation of their power systems. There is competition in Baltic electricity market, since Estonia, Lithuania and Russia, as electricity exporting countries, are looking for the possibility to sell energy to Latvia or other interested participants.

MALTA Enemalta Corporation is the state-owned energy utility responsible for providing electricity to the Maltese Islands, it was established in 1977 as a wholly Government-owned public Corporation. Enemalta is currently the major producer (generator) and supplier of electricity in Malta, and is the designated distribution system operator (DSO) by the Maltese Regulator (Malta Resources Authority). Although generation has been liberalised since 2004, it is expected that Enemalta will remain the major generator over the short to medium term to 2015. At present, the Maltese electrical system is a small isolated one and consequently benefits from certain derogations from the Electricity Directive 2003/54/EC. The Electricity Division of the Corporation is organizationally split into the Generation and the Distribution Sections. Generation Electricity demand in Malta has increased by more than 18% since 2000, and the Corporation is planning to decommission most of the generating plant at Marsa Power Station by 2015 in accordance with European legislation. Enemalta is currently undertaking a procurement process for the supply of new generating plant (minimum 100MW), and is also investigating the possibility of connecting to the European electricity grid by a submarine interconnection with Sicily. The increasing demand for electricity in Malta is occurring in an atmosphere of increasing environmental protection awareness and demands for increasing energy efficiency. Enemalta Corporation’s strategy is to meet this increasing demand safely, while meeting all related responsibilities. Consequently Enemalta Corporation is also considering the replacement of liquid

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fuel oil (HFO and gasoil) through the provision of Natural Gas to fuel its power generation equipment whilst retaining the option to use liquid fuel as a backup fuel. Enemalta Corporation operates two power stations with a total installed electrical capacity of 571 MW. The Generation section is organisationally split on the same lines as the two power stations. The Power Station at Marsa has a nominal capacity of 271MW, which is comprised of 230MW of steam plant and a 37MW open-cycle gas turbine. The Power Station at Delimara has a nominal capacity of 304MW, comprised of 120MW steam plant, 110MW Combined Cycle gas turbine plant and 74MW of open-cycle gas turbines. Distribution The high voltage (HV) network essentially consists of 132kV, 33kV and 11kV underground cables and overhead lines connected to the two Power Stations, the Distribution Centres (DC’s) and the distribution substations. The 132kV and 33kV circuits are the backbone of the HV network and convey power from the power stations to 19 strategically located distribution centres. 11kV circuits then distribute power from the distribution centres to approximately 1300 distribution substations dispersed all over the inhabited parts of the Maltese Island to serve around 250,000 consumers. Large industrial and commercial establishments are connected directly to the distribution substations, whilst the small to medium industrial and commercial entities, and the domestic consumers are serviced through a low voltage network supplied from the distribution substations. The Distribution Centres transform power from the 132 kV and 33kV feeders to be distributed at 11kV, which in turn is converted to 400V and 230V by the Distribution Substations. The 132kV and 33kV network is essentially a radial network with few interconnections between the various distribution centres, while the 11kV network has developed from an open ring structure to an interconnected network. The Distribution section is organisationally split into two sections, namely the distribution (or Consumer Services) section, and the development (T&D) section.

POLAND Statistical data is based on official statistical data published by Energy Market Agency Co. (Polish name - ARE SA). Detailed date and assumptions for population projection in Poland were established by the experts from the Central Statistical Office (Polish name GUS) in Warsaw. Forecast data (year 2010 and 2020) were taken from PSE Operator S.A. “Development Program for Domestic Transmission System - Balanced scenario” accepted by Polish Regulatory Office (URE) in December 2006. Projections for year 2030 are expert estimations mostly based on assumed trends. Evolution of the Electricity Sector The most important piece of legislation governing the activities of the energy sector in Poland is the Energy Law from 1997 and related executive Ordinances of the Minister of Economy. The main principles of Polish Energy Law include: - separation of the vertically integrated power sector to three subsectors: generation, transmission, and

distribution;

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- separation of trading electricity from transmission and distribution activities; - licensing power utility companies to operate in the country; - regulations of monopolies (where competition is not possible and economically justified) by the Energy

Regulatory Authority (ERA). - equality of entities at the electricity market; - obligatory provision by power utilities of transmission services for electricity generated in the country. The ERA President is responsible for regulatory supervision of the Polish energy sector concerning electricity, gas and district heat. According to the Energy Law, the President of ERA supervises the regulations of activities of energy companies and its compliance with the state energy policy guidelines. The main tasks and competencies of the ERA President are detailed specified in the Energy Law: • issuing licences to power utilities for different types of activities, • supervision of the activities of power utilities in accordance with the provisions of the Energy law and

the state’s energy policy, • approval of tariffs (i.e. prices and rates and terms of their application) for power utility companies

carrying on business in the non-competitive manner, in accordance with the provisions of the law, based on applications filed by the companies.

• approving development plans submitted by the power grid companies, • co-operation with appropriate authorities in counteracting monopolistic practices of energy companies. Also, the Minister of Economy (responsible for energy policy and for issuing ordinances to the Energy Law) and President of the Competition and Consumers Protection Office (responsible for supervision on competitive market) have regulatory influence on activity on the electricity market. Privatisation process is supervised by the Ministry of the State Treasury. Liberalisation of electricity markets Since the Polish electricity market is decentralised, the wholesale electricity trade is carried out in three basic ways:

• On the contract market where electricity is traded by means of bilateral agreements concluded between participants;

• On the exchange market where trading is carried out by means of contracts concluded at Polish Power Exchange;

• On the balancing market where the Transmission System Operator (PSE SA, later as PSE-Operator SA active since July of 2004) matches transactions concluded on the contract and exchange markets with real electricity demand.

The Mile stones in evaluation of Polish Energy Sector June 2000 - Polish Power Exchange (Polish name - Gielda Energii S.A.) started its operation with the The Day Ahead Market. September 2001 - The day ahead hourly balancing market was introduced by PSE SA acting as TSO. This mechanism replaced the monthly balance market operated before. July 2002 - Poland introduced varied settlement prices for the sales and purchase of power on the balancing market. 1 July 2004 - according to EU Directive - 2003/54/EC from the organizational structure of Capital Grup Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne SA (Polish Power Grid Company) new subsidiary was formed – PSE Operator S.A. According to its competences the President of Energy Regulatory Authority recognized that entity as Transmission System Operator in Poland. 1 July 2004 – TPA rules were given for all commercial customers except household customers. 1July 2007 - Open market was introduced for all categories of customers, when TPA rules where given for household customers.

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Structure of electricity industry Generation and Distribution System After process of consolidation in Polish energy sector four Energy Group are created and Production groups: - Polish Energy Group (PGE) – 2 lignite fired plants, 3 hard coal fired plants, 5 hard coal fired CHPs, 3

lignite mines, (BOT, ZE Dolna Odra, ZE Bydgoszcz) - Tauron Polska Energia - 6 hard coal fired plants, 2 hard coal fired CHPs (PKE) - ENEA – 1 hard coal fired plant (Kozienice) - ENERGA - 1 hard coal fired plant, 1 hard coal fired CHP (ZE Ostroleka) All four production groups are merged with respective distribution companies. Other Power plants, CHPs and Distribution companies are privatized or public. - 1 public company – Pumped-storage plants, - Small hydro plants – public plants owned by Distribution utilities or by private entities , and mainly hard

coal fired Autoproducers plants. Renewable energy In August 2001 the Polish Parliament adopted “Strategy for renewable energy”. The goal of the strategy is to achieve 7,5% of total primary energy production from renewable energy sources up to 2010. In August 2008 Polish Ministry of Economy introduced in a decree new obligations on purchase guaranties of origin of RES. On the basis of this decree every electricity company have to acquire RES guaranties of origin and present them to the Energy Regulatory for cancellation in amount established in that regulation as a share in total electricity sent by that company to end users. That value is changed every year and increase form 7% in 2008 to 12,9% in 2017.

Transmission System On the basis of current effective regulations of the Energy Law and licenses obtained from the President of the Energy Regulatory Authority, PSE Operator S.A. (until 30 of June 2004 Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetzcyne SA (PSE SA) is responsible for the transmission of electricity through the national transmission network, performing these activities throughout the entire territory of the Republic of Poland. PSE Operator S.A. is the operator of the national transmission system (220, 400 and 750 kV), which consist of 232 lines on total length of ca. 13185 km and 98 of the power substation (status at the end of 2007 year).

Since 1995 the Polish Power System has operated synchronously with the UCTE system, and since 17 May 2001 , PSE Operator S.A. has been the founding member of new UCTE. Since 30 November 2001, PSE Operator S.A. is the associate member of the ETSO. The Polish transmission system is interconnected with neighbouring countries Sweden, Germany, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Belarus and Ukraine. Interconnections with Belarus and Ukraine due to connection of Polish power system with the UCTE one, are temporarily out of operation. In next years for increasing import capacity two system connection are planned: - for year 2015 were assumed: Lithuania – 500 MW and Ukraine – 1200 MW. - for year 2020: Lithuania – 1000 MW, Ukraine 1200 MW. Both of them will be asynchronous connections with back-to-back stations.

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PORTUGAL Organisation of the Portuguese Electricity Market The National Electricity System (SEN) can be divided into five major functions: generation, transmission, distribution, supply and operation of the electricity market. Each of these functions is operated independently, from a legal, organizational and decision-making standpoint, subject to certain exceptions.

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (SEN)NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (SEN)

ENERGY GOVERNMENT DEPT. (DGE)ENERGY GOVERNMENT DEPT. (DGE) INDEP. REGULATORY ENTITY INDEP. REGULATORY ENTITY (ERSE)(ERSE)

CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL REGIME REGIME (PRO)(PRO)

SPECIAL SPECIAL REGIME REGIME (PRE)(PRE)

High/Medium Voltage High/Medium Voltage (RND) (RND)

GENERATIONGENERATION MARKET MARKET OPERATOROPERATOR

PUBLIC SERVICE OF PUBLIC SERVICE OF ELECTRIC GRID (RESP)ELECTRIC GRID (RESP)

TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM SYSTEM

OPERATOR OPERATOR (TSO)(TSO)

DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SYSTEM

OPERATOR OPERATOR (DSO)(DSO)

Low Voltage (RNDBT)Low Voltage (RNDBT)

Very High Voltage Very High Voltage (RNT)(RNT)

SUPPLYSUPPLY

FREE, SUBJECT FREE, SUBJECT TO LICENSETO LICENSE

LAST RESOURCE LAST RESOURCE SUPPLIERSUPPLIER

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (SEN)NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (SEN)

ENERGY GOVERNMENT DEPT. (DGE)ENERGY GOVERNMENT DEPT. (DGE) INDEP. REGULATORY ENTITY INDEP. REGULATORY ENTITY (ERSE)(ERSE)

CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL REGIME REGIME (PRO)(PRO)

SPECIAL SPECIAL REGIME REGIME (PRE)(PRE)

High/Medium Voltage High/Medium Voltage (RND) (RND)

GENERATIONGENERATION MARKET MARKET OPERATOROPERATOR

PUBLIC SERVICE OF PUBLIC SERVICE OF ELECTRIC GRID (RESP)ELECTRIC GRID (RESP)

TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM SYSTEM

OPERATOR OPERATOR (TSO)(TSO)

DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SYSTEM

OPERATOR OPERATOR (DSO)(DSO)

Low Voltage (RNDBT)Low Voltage (RNDBT)

Very High Voltage Very High Voltage (RNT)(RNT)

SUPPLYSUPPLY

FREE, SUBJECT FREE, SUBJECT TO LICENSETO LICENSE

LAST RESOURCE LAST RESOURCE SUPPLIERSUPPLIER

Electricity Generation is fully open to competition, subject to obtaining the requisite licenses and approvals. The participants are separated into two categories: Ordinary Regime Generation (PRO) and Special Regime Generation (PRE). The PRE is characterised by the generation of electricity using CHP and renewable energy sources (small-hydro, wind and other renewable). This regime is subject to different licensing requirements and benefits from special tariffs. The last resort supplier is obliged to purchase all electricity generated under the special regime generation. The Public Service of Electric Grid (RESP) comprises the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and the Distribution System Operator (DSO). The TSO and the DSO operate the electric grid under a public-service concession regime. Rede Eléctrica Nacional, SA has the concession of the National Transmission Grid (RNT), operating in very high voltage. Both transmission and distribution are subject to the tariffs and conditions laid down by the electricity regulator (ERSE). The Supply of electricity is fully open to competition, subject to obtaining the requisite licenses and approvals. Suppliers are able to freely buy and sell electricity, and have the right of access to the transmission and distribution grids upon payment of access charges set by ERSE. Within this activity it was established the last resort supplier. The organized Electricity Markets operate on a free market basis, subject to authorizations jointly granted by the Minister of Finance and by the Minister responsible for the energy sector. Generators operating under the ordinary regime generation and suppliers, among others, can become market members. Recent developments On the 1st of July 2007 the daily market operated by the Spanish branch began operating at the Iberian level, after termination of the power purchase agreements between REN and EDP Produção. The market

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agents have the possibility of purchasing/supplying electricity through the markets managed by OMI, in addition to the bilateral contract method already provided for in the previous framework.

TURKEY Structure and situation of electricity industry (generation, transmission, distribution) Turkey has already passed the “Electricity Market Law” dated 3rd March, 2001 to constitute the legal framework required for the restructured electricity sector, in compliance with the European Union’s “Electricity Directive”. Thus, the new market model seeks to align the electricity industry with the principals applicable to Member States of the European Union as articulated first in the 96/92/EC European Directive and then 2003/54/EC Directive on the internal market for electricity within the EU. In this context, the implemented wide restructuring and privatisation programme towards the creation of a liberalized, apparent, non-discriminatory electricity market is ongoing. In this respect, the former TEAŞ (Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Co.) has been unbundled by the Decree of the Council of Ministers issued on 2nd March, 2001 in line with the Electricity Market Law and the following public companies are established. Electricity Generation Company (EÜAŞ) As a state owned company, it operates the state owned generation plants which are not transferred to the private sector. It may also remain as asset owner of the plants for which only operational rights are already transferred to the private sector. If it becomes necessary, this company shall build and operate new power plants. It takes over the hydraulic power plants constructed by DSI (State Hydro Works). The Generation Company makes energy sales contracts with wholesale companies and connection, use of system and ancillary service contracts with the TEİAŞ. Turkish Electricity Trading and Contracting Company (TETAŞ) As a state owned company, TETAŞ is responsible for the execution of those contracts previously signed with generators, distribution companies and retailers and acts as a wholesale trading company to make new contracts where necessary. Its main function is to continue specifically in the “Transition Period”, until a fully liberalized market is established. The wholesale price tariff is prepared by TETAŞ. EÜAŞ sells most of its generation to TETAŞ. Turkish Electricity Transmission Co. (TEİAŞ) TEİAŞ has taken over all transmission facilities in the country and become a national grid company to plan, build and operate the transmission facilities. TEİAŞ is the owner and operator of the transmission system in the new structure of the energy sector. Yet, it assumes the function of balancing and reconciliation in the market where the most of the legislations have been enacted. TEİAŞ established a strong and good quality 400 kV system between eastern and western parts of the country and many new power plants can be connected to this system with some extensions without the need of major reinforcements up to year 2010. 400 kV transmission voltage level was studied several times and found adequate for the system expansion up to year 2010 unless some unpredictable events take place in the region, such as bulk power transmission between Asian and European parts of the country or serious changes occur in the domestic fuel reserves of the country.

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Turkish Electricity Distribution Co. (TEDAŞ) Turkish Electricity Distribution Co. (TEDAŞ) owns and operates the main distribution facilities. More than 71% of the country consumption was supplied by TEDAŞ in 2005. As a state-owned company, it has an obligation to provide distribution and retail services to about 28 million customers, scattered throughout the country. According to the privatization strategy, distribution regions will be privatized through the methods of asset sale, rent, transfer of operating rights or combination of them or through other legal methods. In this respect, TEDAŞ is included in privatization programme and TEDAŞ has rearranged its articles of incorporation related to administrative, financial and legal issues and continues to perform its activities accordingly. With above respect, the distribution regions were determined separating Turkey into 21 regions and establishing 20 public Electricity Distribution Companies that started to operate on March 1st, 2005 of which 1 region was privatized. In 2008, Seventh Local District covering the provinces of Denizli, Aydın and Muğla in south-Aegean Turkey was privatized. By the end of 2008, there existed two segment of distribution companies i.e. 19 Public Companies and 2 private, in Turkey Country’s technical information Turkey transmission system comprises 400 kV EHV and 154 kV HV transmission lines, 400/154 kV autotransformers, 400 kV and 154 kV step down transformers as well as the sufficient quantity of serial and shunt compensators which offer technical and economical advantages. “National Transmission System” which transfers the produced electrical energy to consumers centers has continued its progress and by the end of 2007 has reached, 14,338 km transmission line with 28,715 MVA transformer capacity at 400 kV voltage level, all owned by TEİAŞ and 31,383 km transmission line with 52,669 MVA transformer capacity at 154 kV level. The losses in the transmission system with high design standards and being the most suitable to the country conditions have proceeded below 3 % by the end of 2007 which corresponded to the international performance levels while the works to improve the system efficiency are continued. Heavy transmission investments about 150-200 Million $ / year needed to cope with the rapid growing demand. The Turkish 400 kV grid complies with the (N-1) security criterion. Turkey’s strong transmission system in full compliance with UCTE norms and standards has following characteristics: Voltage levels are 400,154 and 66 kV. The last i.e. 66 kV level is not widespread and shall be upgraded to 154 kV soon. The number of 400 kV substations is 61, 154 kV substations 459 and 66 kV substations 15. The 154 kV lines are replaced with underground cabling and out-door transformer substations with in-door substations in densely populated cities for reliable operation and with the view not to destruct the city esthetics. TEIAS Headquarters is located in Ankara. There are 20 Regional Divisions responsible from the Installation and Operation of the transmission facilities. The Turkish transmission system is operated by the National Control Centre (NCC) and by 9 Regional Control Centers (RCCs). NCC is located in Ankara. Main changes experienced by electricity sector in the country (i.e. establishment of a power Exchange; etc.) Turkey has interconnections with Azerbaijan (Nahcievan), Georgia, Armenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Iran, Iraq and Syria, most of which had been used for power exchanges in the past. Nahcievan, Syria, Iraq Lines are used for export while the lines with Bulgaria, Iran and Georgia for import of electricity. At present, power transfer from Turkmenistan over the power system of Iran is ongoing. Energy transport to Iraq which was

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started in 2003 is continued. In July 2005, power exchange with Adjara Republic has been started over the existing Georgia line. Turkey attaches great importance to realize synchronous parallel interconnection with UCTE through Balkans. For this purpose, the second 400 kV transmission line between Turkey and Bulgaria was completed in 2002 and the part in Turkish territories of a 400 kV new transmission line between Turkey and Greece was completed in 2006 while the Greece part in 2008. In 2007, Turkey-Greece 400 kV line was energized at 154 kV and power transfer was made to Greece to meet their summer demands. The technical studies and performance tests for Turkey’s integration to the UCTE grid with the financial support of EC have satisfactorily been completed and trial run with the UCTE gird is expected in the near future. TEİAŞ participates in various regional and inter-regional integration initiatives and projects namely “Eight Countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Syria and Turkey) Interconnection Project” which is considered as a part of MEDRING and also the ongoing "Black Sea Transmission Planning Project" under Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC). TEİAŞ also takes part in Energy Community for South East Europe (ECSEE) which aims the establishment of a competitive energy market in South East Europe and its integration to the internal electricity market of the EU. TEİAŞ participates in the sub-working groups of SETSO which have been established for the above purpose. At east, Turkey actively participated in the Project of the Interconnection and Parallel Functioning of the Electrical Systems of ECO Member Countries which feasibility study was terminated by the end of 2008, due to some technical problems. ECO decided to investigate new financial sources to complete the feasibility study. Applicable laws, grid code, institutional structures, regulators, market opening and eligible clients, state of unbundling The electricity market was officially opened on the 3rd of March 2003. All consumers directly connected to the transmission network as well as consumers with the consumption more than 9 GWh per year were characterized as eligible customers - a threshold that has now fallen to 1.2 GWh per year. The Strategy Paper for Electricity Market Reform and Privatization which was adopted at High Planning Council under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister envisages full market opening by 2011. From December 2003 to July 2006, the transitional financial settlement system, in which the virtual implementation was realized depending on the bid and offer prices delivered by the market participants, is employed as an interim solution, and replaced by the actual implementation of the Balancing and Settlement Regulation as of 1 August 2006. As one of the main functions of TEİAŞ, Turkish Electricity Market turned into the partial open market structure from single seller/buyer structure, as per the “Communiqué Regarding the Principles and Procedures of Financial Settlement”. Balancing Market was established by putting into effect the “Electricity Market Balancing And Settlement Regulation” published in the Official Gazette dated 3rd November 2004 and by this way the principles and procedures regarding activities related with real-time balancing, the active electricity demand and supply, and financial settlement of payables and receivables arising from participation of the licensees in balancing and settlement mechanism were defined. Developing of current regulation and necessary systems’ procurement and installation studies’ were begun for the purpose of ensuring the supply of sufficient and good quality energy with low-cost in continuous manner and establishing a financially sound, stable and transparent electricity market. Due to market participants’ entering into the balancing system and/or for the reason of energy surplus or lack, a new trading area is constituted for market participants where withdrawal energy from the system and/or supply energy to the system is maintained. The trial period of balancing and settlement regulations was between November 2004 and August 2006. After the end of trial period,” Electricity Market Balancing & Settlement Regulation” which brings a

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platform for competitive bilateral contracts for the market participants, including day ahead planning, real time balancing and settlement of balancing/imbalance energy, came into force and is being implemented actually since the first of August 2006 with its financial rules. The Electricity Market Law No:4628 has been amended in 2008 to allow TEİAŞ cross border investing. Access types (TPA..) and limitations (congestion….), access tariffs. Third party access to the network, which is foreseen by Electricity Market Law without discrimination between the parties, is in implementation in line with the regulations under the supervision of the EMRA. Licensing procedure is defined in the Electricity Market Licensing Regulation. Any legal entity established in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Law may engage in electricity market activities through obtaining relevant license from the EMRA.

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II. DEMAND

2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand Table 2.1.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,222 9,480 9,700 11,200Total Demand (TWh) 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.4 68.0 68.4 81.0 92Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 1

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,222 9,480 9,700 11,200Total Demand (TWh) 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.4 68.0 68.4 81.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 1Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,368 6,338 6,466 6,940 7,239 7,421Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.2 Annual Energy and Peak Demand BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 7,900 10,400 12,950 13,702 14,033 15,311 17,261Total Demand (TWh) 47.7 61.5 81.2 86.9 87.0 96.6 108.9Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 2 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 7,900 10,400 12,653 13,702 14,033 15,311 17,261Total Demand (TWh) 47.7 61.5 81.2 86.9 87.0 96.6 108.9Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 2 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,038 6,004 6,543 6,309 6,309Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.3 Annual Energy and Peak Demand BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 6,900 8,100 7,100 6,930 7,030 7,890 10,500 13,340Total Demand (TWh) 34.9 41.2 31.7 33.3 34.4 36.2 52.7 67.4Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 12 12 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 6,900 8,100 7,100 6,930 7,030 7,890 10,500 13,340Total Demand (TWh) 34.9 41.2 31.7 33.3 34.4 36.2 52.7 67.4Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,049 5,079 4,485 4,805 4,893 4,588 5,019 5,052Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

(*) Without isolated system

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Table 2.1.4 Annual Energy and Peak Demand CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 200 372 688 904 1,041 1,191 1,650 2,150Total Demand (TWh) 0.8 1.9 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.4 7.2 11.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 200 372 688 904 1,041 1,191 1,650 2,150Total Demand (TWh) 0.8 1.9 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.4 7.2 11.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 7 7 7 8 8 7 7 7Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.5 Annual Energy and Peak Demand CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 9,000 9,000 11,397 11,059 11,200 12,000 12,500Total Demand (TWh) 46.7 57.0 57.0 64.3 64.5 68.2 77.5 83.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 1 1 11 1 1 1

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 9,000 9,000 11,397 11,400 11,200 12,000 12,500Total Demand (TWh) 57.0 57.0 64.3 64.5 68.2 77.5 83.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 1 1 11.0 1 1 1Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,333 6,333 5,641 5,832.0 6,070 6,458 6,640Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.6 Annual Energy and Peak Demand GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 52,200 63,100 76,800 77,800 78,500 76,300 78,800 77,500Total Demand (TWh) 351.0 415.2 535.5 568.4 570.6 566.5 562.0 553.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 11 12 12 12 12 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 52,200 63,100 76,800 77,800 78,500 76,300 78,800 77,500Total Demand (TWh) 351.0 415.2 535.5 568.4 570.6 566.5 562.0 553.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 11 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,724 6,580 6,973 7,306 7,269 7,425 7,132 7,136Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.7 Annual Energy and Peak Demand DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 6,400 6,800 6,900 8,000Total Demand (TWh) 23.9 30.8 34.7 36.5 36.1 34.2 38.2 43.8Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,085 5,220 5,600 5,700 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,600Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 5,771


2009-180-0004 October 2009 39

Table 2.1.8 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 1,262 1,478 1,487 1,590 2,287Total Demand (TWh) 6.5 8.4 6.7 8.0 9 8.3 11.9Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 2 2 2 2

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 1,262 1,478 1,487 1,590 2,287Total Demand (TWh)Date of Peak Demand (month of the year)Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a)Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.9 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 19,151 26,292 35,275 45,004 47,563 50,985 63,472 73,885Total Demand (TWh) 102.0 145.8 214.5 282.1 290.5 316.5 399.8 470.3Date of Peak Demand (month of the year)


Table 2.1.10 Annual Energy and Peak Demand FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 6,600 10,450 12,400 14,800 14,900 16,200 16,800 18,000Total Demand (TWh) 39.9 62.3 79.2 90.0 90.4 85.5 101.3 108.7Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 1 1 1 1 1 1


Table 2.1.11 Annual Energy and Peak Demand FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 44,100 63,400 72,400 85,600 83,500 90,900 96,600Total Demand (TWh) 248.7 349.5 440.7 478.4 480.3 494.4 533.4Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 1 1

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 44,100 63,400 72,400 85,600 83,500 90,900 96,600Total Demand (TWh) 248.7 349.5 440.6 478.4 494.4 533.4 576.7Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 1 1Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,639 5,513 6,086 5,589 5,949 5,898 5,970Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET


2009-180-0004 October 2009 40

Table 2.1.12 Annual Energy and Peak Demand UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System



Table 2.1.13 Annual Energy and Peak Demand GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System



Table 2.1.14 Annual Energy and Peak Demand HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 5,107 6,534 5,742 6,432 6,180 6,140 7,390 8,654Total Demand (TWh) 31.0 39.0 38.0 40.2 41.1 39.9 48.0 56.3Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 12 11 12 7 7Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,070 5,969 6,618 6,250 6,650 6,498 6,495 6,506Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 5,187 5,767 5,990 5,951

Table 2.1.15 Annual Energy and Peak Demand IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 1,800 2,500 3,800 5,600 7,000 8,500Total Demand (TWh) 9.5 13.0 22.3 27.0 31.9 40.4 49.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 12 12 12 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 1,800 2,500 3,800 5,600 7,000 8,500Total Demand (TWh) 9.5 13.0 22.3 31.9 40.4 49.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,123 5,344 5,700 5,750 5,750 5,750Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET


2009-180-0004 October 2009 41

Table 2.1.16 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 31,400 40,500 49,000 61,200 75,900 90,900Total Demand (TWh) 180.3 235.1 298.5 337.5 339.9 360.2 450.1 550.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 7 7 7

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 31,400 40,500 49,000 61,200 75,900 90,900Total Demand (TWh) 180.3 235.1 298.5 360.2 450.1 550.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 7 7 7Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,740 5,800 6,090 5,890 5,930 6,050Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.17 Annual Energy and Peak Demand LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,970 2,130 2,630 3,120Total Demand (TWh) 10.9 14.3 8.3 10.3 10.7 11.5 14.6 17.8Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 2 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,970 2,130 2,630 3,120Total Demand (TWh) 10.9 14.3 8.3 10.3 10.7 11.5 14.6 17.8Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 2 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 4,955 5,105 5,500 5,230 5,430 5,400 5,550 5,700Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 1,711

Table 2.1.18 Annual Energy and Peak Demand LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 500 600 900 1,035 1,061 1,100 1,300 1,500Total Demand (TWh) 3.6 4.2 5.8 6.6 6.7 7.3 8.1 9.1Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 12 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 500 600 900 1,035 1,061 1,100 1,300 1,500Total Demand (TWh) 3.6 4.2 5.8 6.6 6.7 7.3 8.1 9.1Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 7,200 7,000 6,333 6,377 6,409 6,181 5,538 5,000Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 928 947 990 1,180 1,320

Table 2.1.19 Annual Energy and Peak Demand LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 1,700 1,900 1,140 1,420 1,370 1,500 2,200 2,700Total Demand (TWh) 8.0 9.9 5.7 7.0 7.5 7.7 11.4 14.3Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 12 2

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 1,700 1,900 1,140 1,420 1,370 1,400 2,200 2,700Total Demand (TWh) 8.0 9.9 5.7 7.0 7.5 7.7 11.4 14.3Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 12 2Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 4,706 5,211 5,000 5,000 5,474 5,400 5,180 5,300Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 1,300


2009-180-0004 October 2009 42

Table 2.1.20 Annual Energy and Peak Demand MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 354 404 434Total Demand (TWh) 1.9 2.3 2.3Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 7 7

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 0 0 0Total Demand (TWh) 0 0 0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 0 0 0Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 0 0 0Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 0 0 0

Table 2.1.21 Annual Energy and Peak Demand NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 11,000 13,000 15,180 18,354 18,736 17,878 21,793 26,565Total Demand (TWh) 59.7 75.5 104.7 116.3 118.7 113.2 138.0 168.2Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,400 6,000 6,897 6,340 6,340 6,350 6,300 6,300Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 12,255 17,855 16,614 16,000 19,500 22,500

Table 2.1.22 Annual Energy and Peak Demand POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 19,133 21,476 20,499 22,797 22,875 24,574 29,269 33,779Total Demand (TWh) 111.9 119.4 124.0 136.9 140.6 145.8 173.0 206.0Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 1 1 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,848 5,560 6,049 6,005 6,147 5,933 5,911 6,099Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h 19,986 19,742 21,756 20,918 22,761 27,109 31,287

Table 2.1.23 Annual Energy and Peak Demand PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 3,000 4,861 6,909 8,799 9,110 8,892 11,286 13,990Total Demand (TWh) 16.2 26.5 37.9 49.2 50.1 51.2 64.8 80.4Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 1 1 12 1 1 1Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,389 5,456 5,484 5,588 5,495 5,762 5,741 5,746Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 5,877 7,281 7,347


2009-180-0004 October 2009 43

Table 2.1.24 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 9,100 9,600 7,370 8,151 8,681 8,000 10,619 13,695Total Demand (TWh) 62.0 66.1 46.4 53.0 54.1 51.4 64.8 80.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 4 1 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,808 6,890 6,296 6,505 6,236 6,419 6,100 5,880Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 7,205 6,916 6,375 9,528 11,810

Table 2.1.25 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 17,700 23,300 26,000 26,300 26,200 23,300 24,000 24,200

Total Demand (TWh) 94.0 139.9 146.6 146.4 146.0 137.5 144.0 147.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 11 1 1 2 1 1 1

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 17,700 23,300 26,000 26,300 26,200 23,300 24,000 24,200Total Demand (TWh) 94.0 139.9 146.6 146.4 146.0 137.5 144.0 147.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 11 1 1 2 1 1 1Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,309 6,006 5,637 5,565 5,573 5,900 6,000 6,100Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 23,800 25,361 22,730

Table 2.1.26 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 1,400 1,700 1,700 2,241 2,476Total Demand (TWh) 5.6 9.2 12.3 13.3 13.4 16.1 17.8Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 12 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 1,400 1,700 1,700 2,241 2,476Total Demand (TWh) 5.6 9.2 12.3 16.1 17.8Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 4,900 5,100 5,300 5,400 5,500Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET

Table 2.1.27 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 3,300 4,100 4,050 4,800 5,600 6,200Total Demand (TWh) 22.2 26.9 25.7 27.2 28 31.0 35.2 39.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 12 12

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 3,300 4,100 4,050 4,800 5,600 6,200Total Demand (TWh) 22.2 26.9 25.7 31.0 35.2 39.5Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 12 12Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,425 6,458 6,286 6,370Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET


2009-180-0004 October 2009 44

Table 2.1.28 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System


Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 6,700 8,500 9,000 10,200 9,953 10,150 10,835 11,566Total Demand (TWh) 38.5 50.3 56.3 62.1 61.7 62.9 67.2 71.7Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 1 2 12 1 1 1Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,700 5,900 6,300 6,088 6,199 6,257 6,455 6,659Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesda 6,700 8,500 9,000 10,200 9,953 10,150 10,835 11,566

Table 2.1.29 Annual Energy and Peak Demand NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System



Table 2.1.30 Annual Energy and Peak Demand TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System



Table 2.1.31 Annual Energy and Peak Demand EU-27

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 310,520 399,637 460,384 445,803 367,680 523,072 594,860 610,215Total Demand (TWh) 1,841 2,343 2,846 3,136 3,136 3,217 3,655 3,181Date of Peak Demand (month of the year)

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 309,866 398,377 456,960 442,035 364,452 519,137 589,357 602,351Total Demand (TWh) 1,779 2,320 2,808 2,685 2,229 3,170 3,592 3,705Date of Peak Demand (month of the year)Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 124,520 133,491 143,191 105,258 107,083 143,789 143,465 119,262Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET


2009-180-0004 October 2009 45

Table 2.1.32 Annual Energy and Peak Demand EU-30

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total System

Peak Demand (MW) 335,265 434,364 509,124 505,172 428,470 594,740 709,368 647,629Total Demand (TWh) 1,985 2,551 3,146 3,488 3,507 3,652 4,364 3,405Date of Peak Demand (month of the year)

Connected System (*)Peak Demand (MW) 334,611 433,104 505,700 501,404 425,242 590,805 703,865 639,765Total Demand (TWh) 1,923 2,528 3,109 3,038 2,600 3,605 4,302 3,929Date of Peak Demand (month of the year)Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 141,931 151,350 161,775 123,113 125,399 162,005 162,081 131,826Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET


2009-180-0004 October 2009 46

2.2 Sectoral Breakdown Table 2.2.1 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 33.7 43.9 53.2 62.0 64.3 64.7 77.0 88.0 of which Agriculture 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 17.0

Industry 19.2 24.7 27.5 29.8 31.0 31.0 37.3 42.3Transport 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.2 5.1

Services 2.3 4.0 6.3 12.2 12.7 12.8 15.1 17.3Households 8.8 11.2 14.5 15.2 15.8 16.2 19.0 21.6

Network Losses 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2Total Electricity Demand 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.4 68.0 68.4 81.0 92.2 * Industry includes Trade Table 2.2.2 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 45.0 58.0 77.5 82.7 82.9 91.8 103.5 of which Agriculture 0 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3

Industry 30.5 39.9 40.2 40.1 50.2 55.4Transport 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.1

Services 7.8 12.2 17.1 18.1 19.6 24.6Households 18.4 23.7 22.7 21.9 19.0 21.0

Network Losses 2.7 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.8 5.4Total Electricity Demand 47.7 61.5 81.2 86.9 87.0 96.6 108.9 Table 2.2.3 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) BULGARIA




Network Losses 3.5 4.3 6.3 5.0 4.7 5.5 6.1 6.2Total Electricity Demand 34.9 41.2 31.7 33.3 34.4 36.2 52.7 67.4 Table 2.2.4 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 0.7 1.5 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.2 6.8

of which Agriculture 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2Industry 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0

Transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Services 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.3 3.2

Households 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.4Network Losses 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4Total Electricity Demand 0.8 1.9 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.4 7.2 11.5

2009-180-0004 October 2009 47

Table 2.2.5 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) CZECH REPUBLIC




Network Losses 3.6 4.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.4 6.1 6.4Total Electricity Demand 46.7 57.0 57.0 64.3 64.5 68.2 77.5 83.0

Table 2.2.6 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) GERMANY





Table 2.2.7 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) DENMARK




Network Losses 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.7Total Electricity Demand 23.9 30.8 34.7 36.5 36.1 34.2 38.2 43.8 Table 2.2.8 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 5.5 7.3 5.4 6.9 7.2 7.2 10.7 of which Agriculture 1.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

Industry 3.0 3.5 2.2 2.6 2.7Transport 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.4

Services 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Households 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.8

Network Losses 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2Total Electricity Demand 6.5 8.4 6.7 8.0 8.5 8.3 11.9

Table 2.2.9 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SPAIN 1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030

Final Consumption 92.0 131.1 197.5 260.3 268.2 292.6 371.1 438.3 of which Agriculture 2.1 3.6 5.2 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.3 5.7




2009-180-0004 October 2009 48

Table 2.2.10 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) FINLAND





Table 2.2.11 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 231.5 322.9 410.7 447.0 448.3 463.8 500.7 538.6 of which Agriculture 3.5 4.7 5.7 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.9

Industry 117.9 141.2 164.1 157.7 168.2 171.6 185.6Transport 6.9 6.7 10.5 12.1 11.9 14.1 16.3

Services 43.6 76.1 104.7 123.7 131.9 150.9 162.1Households 59.6 94.2 125.7 147.1 145.4 157.4 167.6


Table 2.2.12 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) UNITED KINGDOM





Table 2.2.13 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 20.3 29.6 45.4 54.9 56.1 59.5 72.1 of which Agriculture 0.4 1.5 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.7




Table 2.2.14 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) HUNGARY

2009-180-0004 October 2009 49





Table 2.2.15 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 8.4 11.8 20.3 24.6 26.4 28.9 36.6 44.4 of which Agriculture

Industry 3.1 4.4 7.8 9.6 11.7 14.2Transport



Table 2.2.16 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 163.6 218.7 279.3 317.3 319.6 338.2 421.7 517.0 of which Agriculture 2.6 4.2 4.9 5.4 5.7 7.1




Table 2.2.17 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) LITHUANIA





Table 2.2.18 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 3.5 4.1 5.6 6.5 6.8 6.8 7.2 7.5 of which Agriculture 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1



Network Losses 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Total Electricity Demand 3.6 4.2 5.8 6.6 6.7 7.3 8.1 9.1

Table 2.2.19 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) LATVIA

2009-180-0004 October 2009 50





Table 2.2.20 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 1.6 2.0 2.0 of which Agriculture

Industry 0.6 0.7 0.7Transport 0 0 0

Services 0.5 0.6 0.6Households 0.5 0.7 0.7

Network Losses 0.3 0.3 0.3

Table 2.2.21 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) NETHERLANDS





Table 2.2.22 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) POLAND





Table 2.2.23 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) PORTUGAL





2009-180-0004 October 2009 51

Table 2.2.24 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) ROMANIA





Table 2.2.25 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SWEDEN




Network Losses 8.2 9.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.3 11.0 11.6Total Electricity Demand 94.0 139.9 146.6 146.4 146.0 137.5 144.0 147.5 Table 2.2.26 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 5.1 8.6 11.6 12.6 12.7 15.3 16.9 of which Agriculture 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7




Table 2.2.27 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SLOVAKIA





Table 2.2.28 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SWITZERLAND


Industry 11.9 17.2 18.1 19.0 19.0 19.2 19.9 20.7

Transport 2.1 4.0 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.8Services 10.8 11.3 13.4 15.3 15.2 15.5 16.5 17.6

Households 10.1 13.2 15.7 17.7 17.5 18.0 19.7 21.6Network Losses 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.1Total Electricity Demand 38.5 50.3 56.3 62.1 61.7 62.9 67.2 71.7

2009-180-0004 October 2009 52

Table 2.2.29 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) NORWAY


Industry 39.3 45.9 51.1 48.4 46.7 52.8 56.3 61.0Transport 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1



Table 2.2.30 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 20.4 46.8 98.3 143.1 155.1 201.8 434.5 of which Agriculture 0.2 0.5 3.1 4.4 5.0 5.0 7.4




Table 2.2.31 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) EU-27

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 1,703.6 2,175.4 2,633.4 2,924.6 2,956.0 3,004.3 3,416.6 3,591.7 of which Agriculture 46.2 59.1 61.3 52.3 45.9 59.4 63.8 79.9

Industry 892.1 1,060.6 1,184.2 1,067.3 923.3 1,268.5 1,393.5 1,429.1Transport 48.9 61.6 78.2 66.2 55.7 83.6 106.8 126.1

Services 262.8 427.2 587.7 631.7 516.8 762.5 917.4 1,005.2Households 405.5 562.6 716.2 727.2 579.2 823.2 924.4 966.6

Network Losses 136.9 167.2 211.9 209.0 217.1 214.7 240.0 245.1Total Electricity Demand 1,840.6 2,342.6 2,846.0 3,133.3 3,163.7 3,217.1 3,654.8 3,849.5

Table 2.2.32 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) EU-30

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Final Consumption 1,834.4 2,366.4 2,895.2 3,238.8 3,285.2 3,383.6 4,044.2 3,798.0 of which Agriculture 46.8 60.5 67.2 59.3 53.6 67.4 74.2 82.9

Industry 955.5 1,151.0 1,302.2 1,202.7 1,062.8 1,441.6 1,697.5 1,510.8Transport 51.8 66.6 83.5 71.8 61.3 90.9 117.1 133.0

Services 289.5 467.9 646.4 706.1 595.8 854.3 1,068.5 1,054.0Households 442.7 616.1 790.0 814.9 670.6 925.5 1,076.3 1,032.5

Network Losses 150.0 184.5 250.4 247.4 258.8 270.3 321.7 263.2Total Electricity Demand 1,984.5 2,550.9 3,146.3 3,485.9 3,534.6 3,652.0 4,364.2 4,073.8

2009-180-0004 October 2009 53

2.3 Customers Table 2.3.1 Customers AUSTRIA

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,100.0 5,200.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - -Eligible Customers (TWh) 62.0 64.3 Table 2.3.2 Customers BELGIUM

2006 2007

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,320.3 5,377.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - -

Eligible Customers (TWh) 82.7 82.9 Table 2.3.3 Customers BULGARIA

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,049.0 5,177.9Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0.2 1.2Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 19.4 20.2Eligible Customers (TWh) 7.4 8.7

Table 2.3.4 Customers CYPRUS

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 454.3 469.3Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0.7 0.7Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 2.9 3.0Eligible Customers (TWh) 1.3 1.2

Table 2.3.5 Customers CZECH REPUBLIC

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,600.0 5,700.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0Eligible Customers (TWh) 60.0 60.0

Table 2.3.6 Customers GERMANY


Table 2.3.7 Customers DENMARK


2009-180-0004 October 2009 54

Table 2.3.8 Customers ESTONIA

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 550.0 550.0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 5.2 5.5Eligible Customers (TWh) 0.9 1.0

Table 2.3.9 Customers SPAIN

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Eligible Customers (Thousands) 25,600.0 26,000.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - -Eligible Customers (TWh) 261.0 268.0

Table 2.3.10 Customers FINLAND


Table 2.3.11 Customers FRANCE

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 28,500.0 0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 4,500.0 33,500.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 143.6 0Eligible Customers (TWh) 337.6 461.0

Table 2.3.12 Customers UNITED KINGDOM


Table 2.3.13 Customers GREECE

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,744.9 857.0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 1,487.4 6,509.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 20.8 5.0Eligible Customers (TWh) 34.1 51.0

Table 2.3.14 Customers HUNGARY


2009-180-0004 October 2009 55

Table 2.3.15 Customers IRELAND

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 -Eligible Customers (Thousands) 2,000.0 -Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 -Eligible Customers (TWh) 25.4 -

Table 2.3.16 Customers ITALY

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 29,881.0 -Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,646.0 35 926,8Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 143.7 -Eligible Customers (TWh) 199.3 319.1

Table 2.3.17 Customers LITHUANIA

2006 2007

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 1,320.0 0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 60.0 1,400.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 2.4 0Eligible Customers (TWh) 6.5 9.5

Table 2.3.18 Customers LUXEMBOURG

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 195.0 0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 47.0 250.0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 4.5 0Eligible Customers (TWh) 2.0 6.5

Table 2.3.19 Customers LATVIA

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 1,040.0 1,050.0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 6.3 6.7Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0

Table 2.3.20 Customers MALTA Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 247.0 250.0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 2.0 2.0Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0

Table 2.3.21 Customers NETHERLANDS


2009-180-0004 October 2009 56

Table 2.3.22 Customers POLAND

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 14,294.0 0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 1,581.0 16,032.3Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 27.5 0Eligible Customers (TWh) 98.5 126.2

Table 2.3.23 Customers PORTUGAL


Table 2.3.24 Customers ROMANIA


Table 2.3.25 Customers SWEDEN


Table 2.3.25 Customers SLOVENIA

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -

Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - -Eligible Customers (TWh) - -

Table 2.3.26 Customers SLOVAKIA

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - -Eligible Customers (TWh) - -

Table 2.3.27 Customers SWITERLAND

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 4,000.0 4,000.0Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 57.4 57.4Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 57

Table 2.3.28 Customers NORWAY

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0Eligible Customers (TWh) 122.6 0

Table 2.3.29 Customers TURKEY

2006 2007Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Eligible Customers (Thousands) - -Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - -Eligible Customers (TWh) - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 58

2.4 Comment

GERMANY In 2008 electricity net consumption was 0.2% higher than in 2007 and 11.2% higher than in 1998. This corresponds to an average annual growth rate of 1.1% since 1998. In conjunction with GDP growth a further decoupling of electricity consumption and economic growth can be stated. A higher energy efficiency, a better understanding for energy saving measures and a growing service sector mainly determine this trend.

BULGARIA The realized gross electricity consumption in the country in 2007, including own consumption of the power plants and pumping, was 38217 GWh. It increased of 1.6% compared to the previous year. In the same time the final electricity consumption is increased of 2.9% and its amount is 29295 GWh. The distribution of the electricity consumption by sectors is as follows: • Industry 17976 GWh or 61.4%; • Services 1731 GWh or 5.9%; • Agriculture 212 GWh or 0.7%; • Households 9376 GWh or 32.0 %. Total 29295 GWh or 100%

The forecast for the development of the electricity demand in the country is presented in two scenarios. According to these scenarios the average annual electricity growth for the period 2005-2030 is envisaged between 1.8 % and 2.7 % respectively, where it changes at the different stages as follows:

Scenario/Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Annual Growth 2005-2030

Minimum Scenario Growth, %

36 580 42 320 3,0%

47 150 2,2%

51 510 1,8%

53 660 0,8%

57 130 1,3%

1,8%

Maximum Scenario Growth, %

36 580 42 620 3,1%

49 880 3,2%

56 710 2,6%

63 590 2,3%

72 000 2,5%

2.7%

SPAIN Table 2.1: the interconnected total and peak demands correspond to the mainland system excluding the auto producer’s self-consumption. Total energy demand corresponds to the overall Spain. Peak demand does not include the one corresponding to the auto producer’s self-consumption.

LITHUANIA Final electricity consumption in 2008 was 9.88 TWh representing an increase about 3.3 % on the previous year. In 2008, the major consuming sector was commerce and others (3.82 TWh). About 2.63 TWh were exported during the year 2008. Losses in the network have decreased about 9.8 % i.e. from 1.12 TWh in 2007 to 1.02 TWh in 2008.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 59

LUXEMBOURG Overall demand of electricity in Luxembourg amounted to 6,777 GWh in 2007 an increase by 2,4% compared to the previous year. In Luxembourg, and especially in the public grid of Cegedel Net, we observed a near-perfect correlation between the economic growth and general energy demand throughout the past 20 years: a 1 % increase in GDP is associated with a growth in demand for electricity of about 0.7 %. 2007 however was en exception to the rule, owing to very mild weather conditions, with about 20 % fewer degree (a measure of heating requirements during a given period) days than normal. As a result, energy and electricity needs diminished in the early months of 2007, with a recovery in demand towards the end of the year. Overall, the electricity requirement in the public grid grew by only 0.9 % compared with 2006.

LATVIA In 2007, GDP growth was 10% and that stimulated the increase of electricity consumption by 6%. There is increase in residential and industry sector. Although number of population has decreased by 4% since 2000. Gross inland electricity consumption per capita in Latvia was two times smaller as EU-27 average.

MALTA The Maltese electricity network presently is an isolated system with no interconnection to the mainland. Thus the demand is the final consumption of end-uses consumers plus the network losses. The demand is met on supply side by the net electrical energy supplied to the network (no energy absorbed by pumping & no exports/imports from abroad exist). Enemalta’s operations are therefore characterised by plant operating at a range of different load factors, from base load plant (Steam units) running continuously throughout the year, to medium load plant operating in ‘two-shifting’ mode (CCGT) through to peak lopping plant (OCGT) operating a few hundred hours or less per year.

Power Generated in Gwh

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

16001800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

79/8

0

81/8

2

83/8

4

85/8

6

87/8

8

89/9

0

91/9

2

93/9

4

95/9

6

97/9

8

99/0

0

01/0

2

03/0

4

2005

/200

6

2007

/200

8

2009

/201

0

2011

/201

2

2013

/201

4

2015

/201

6

2017

/201

8

2019

/202

0

Year

Gw

h

2009-180-0004 October 2009 60

POLAND Peak power demand usually appears in December or in January around 5 p.m. Its value to some extent depends on the outside air temperature. The total electricity consumption in 2008 year according to Energy Market Agency (preliminary information) amounted 153,4 TWh and was lower ca 0,5 TWh then in the 2007 year. In the year 2008 the maximum demand for power from the national power grid during the year occurred on January 4, and amounted to 24120,3 MW. The decrease amounted ca 2% in relation to the 2007 year. Presented projections of the demand for electric energy and the peak load refers to standardised years with average temperature. For Poland, the electricity consumption projections for the time period 2005-2020 correspond to the Development Program for National Transmission System – “Balanced scenario” accepted by Polish Regulatory Energy Office (URE) in December 2006.

PORTUGAL Data for Portugal includes islands information, being the total demand referred to the whole country. Regarding data for the Mainland Portugal, in 2007: • electricity demand supplied through the public transmission network reached 50.1 TWh, representing a

1.8% growth rate over the previous year. The final consumption increased 2.5%; • the self-consumption of autoproducers decreased about 24%, because a higher number of generators,

allowed by specific legislation, deliver their production to the public network and are being supplied by the public network;

• Ordinary Regime Generation (PRO) plants met around 63% of the total demand while the Special Regime Generation (PRE) met 20%. The international trade balance corresponded to 15% of total demand;

• the peak demand for the connected system was on December, with 9 110 MW, 311 MW above the previous maximum, recorded in 2006.

Regarding data for the islands Azores and Madeira, in 2007 the electricity consumption represented 3.2% of the total electricity consumption of the whole country.

PREDICTED PEAK LOAD

0 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 YEAR

MW

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

MW

Actual Winter

Actual Summer

predicted Winter predicted Summer

2009-180-0004 October 2009 61

In table “Annual Energy and Peak Demand”, data for the Connected System does not include: • demand of Azores and Madeira islands; • demand of autoproducers for its own use. For medium/long-term planning purposes it is considered that the peak period occurs during 6% of the time and an annual load factor of approximately 64% is assumed. Peak demand generally occurs in December or January.

TURKEY The most recent forecast of the electricity demand and the peak loads for Turkish Power System covered the period 2005-2020. The base scenario corresponds to more realistic economic development and decreasing population growth rate over planning period and also reflects the possibilities for the efficient electricity consumption in the commercial and industrial sectors and the households. According to the results of this study; the electrical energy demand with a yearly average growth rate of 4 % is expected to reach 190 TWh in the year 2008, 242 TWh in the year 2010 and 499,5 TWh in the year 2020 from its level of 182 TWh in 2007. Corresponding peak demand is expected to reach 38785 MW in the year 2010, and 79350 MW in the year 2020 from its level of 29249 MW in 2007. Consumption per capita is expected to reach 2773 kWh in the year 2008 , and 3100 kWh in the year 2010, 5700 kWh in the year 2020 from its level of 2692 kWh in 2007.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 62

III. SUPPLY

3.1A Generation Equipment - Capacity By Primary Energy Table 3.1A.1 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by

Primary Energy (MW) AUSTRIA

1905 1905 1905 1905 2007 2010 2020 2030

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Fossil Fuel Fired 4,150 5,060 6,121 6,344 6,441 6,600 7,260 8,627

of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 140 1,080 1,460Brown Coal 440 760 421Oil 1,170 950 870Natural Gas 2,180 2,050 3,090Derived Gas 220 220 280

Hydro 8,210 10,870 11,730 11,852 12,009 12,209 13,229 12,004Conventional Hydro 3,520 4,670 5,400 5,399 5,407of which Run of River 3,520 4,670 5,400 5,399 5,407Pumped and Mixed 4,690 6,200 6,330 6,454 6,602

Other Renewables 100 110 49 985 1,010 1,100 1,800 4,524SolarGeothermalWind 972of which Wind Onshore

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0BiogasBiomass 1,246WasteOther (Wave/Tidal etc)

Not Specified 160 150 140 91 0TOTAL 12,620 16,190 18,040 19,182 19,460 20,000 22,289 25,155

*Pumped & Mixed = storage power capacity Biogas, Biomass, Waste, Refuse Derived Fuel and MSW/Industrial are also partly included in Conventional Thermal and Not Specified (Table 3.1.1)

2009-180-0004 October 2009 63

Table 3.1A.2 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by Primary Energy (MW)

BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,666 5,500 5,713 5,825 5,825 5,801 4,013 7,775

Fossil Fuel Fired 8,210 7,240 8,051 8,165 8,246 9,431 12,741 12,660of which multifuel

CoalBrown CoalOilNatural Gas 6,453 9,763Derived Gas 501 501

Hydro 1,128 1,401 1,492 1,414 1,414 1,497 1,500 1,195Conventional Hydro 72 94 104 107 107 109 112of which Run of River 55 77 104 107 107 109 112Pumped and Mixed 1,056 1,307 1,388 1307 1,307 1,388 1,388

Other Renewables 0 84 216 773 892 828 1 306 7,399Solar 0 2 20 0 1 209Geothermal 0 0 0Wind 13 212 276 527 882 5,845of which Wind Onshore 2,045

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 255 430 3,800Biogas 53 68Biomass 20 506 528 107 229 1,345Waste 130 142 142Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 52 52 52

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 11,004 14,139 15,472 16,180 16,380 17,557 19,560 29,029

Note for Belgium: Conventional Thermal total includes multifuel before 2002 Table 3.1A.3 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by

Primary Energy (MW) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,300 2,700 3,500 2,700 1,900 1,900 3,800 5,700

Fossil Fuel Fired 4,830 5,655 4,934 5,155 5,155 5,596 5,820 5,830of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 1,966 2,021 1,394 1,394 1,394 1,494 1,636 450Brown Coal 1,924 2,814 2,960 3,181 3,181 3,302 2,994 3,100Oil 450 420 220 220 220 220 220 220Natural Gas 490 400 360 360 360 580 970 2,060Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 1,700 1,800 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,880 2,250 2,460Conventional Hydro 1,550 1,650 1,380 1,380 1,380 1,460 1,620 1,620of which Run of River 40 40 40 45 45 50 50 50Pumped and Mixed 150 150 570 420 420 420 630 840

Other Renewables 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 7,830 10,155 10,384 9,675 8,895 10,176 14,270 17,390

2009-180-0004 October 2009 64


CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,338 2,198 2,678of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,118 428 188Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 220 1,770 2,490Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Conventional Hydro 0 0 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 116 384Solar 0 0 0 6 6 1Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 0 0 0 110 313of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 110

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 70Waste 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,454 2,198 3,062


CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 1,651 1,651 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 5,000


Coal 1,447 1,373 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,839 2,659 2,659Brown Coal 7,442 9,090 7,976 8,867 8,835 7,285 6,445 5,000Oil 0 0 123 123 123 123 123 0Natural Gas 106 106 197 310 310 342 649 800Derived Gas 65 65 419 419 419 419 419 419

Hydro 1,300 1,342 2,089 2,175 2,175 2,121 2,121 2,121Conventional Hydro 810 852 949 1,028 1,029 981 981 981of which Run of River 182 224 221 276 276 252 252 252Pumped and Mixed 490 490 1,140 1,146 1,146 1,140 1,140 1,140

Other Renewables 0 8 1 78 163 468 468 900Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 1 44 114 468 550 900of which Wind Onshore 0 0 1 44 114 468 550 900

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0Biomass 0 8 0 19 34 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


2009-180-0004 October 2009 65


GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 8,607 22,406 22,396 20,430 20,470 20,470 5,400 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 63,536 63,761 81,997 80,000 82,274 84,400 90,100 87,500of which multifuel 10,128 8,723 9,521 8,900 8,800 8,500 7,500 6,500

Coal 26,893 31,090 30,123 27,774 27,596 28,100 33,400 28,000Brown Coal 12,997 11,298 20,050 20,305 20,516 20,600 19,500 19,000Oil 12,035 7,229 7,218 6,314 6,258 6,000 5,000 4,000Natural Gas 11,611 14,144 20,127 21,027 23,394 25,300 30,400 35,000Derived Gas 4,479 4,580 4,510 4,400 1,800 1,500

Hydro 6,451 6,851 9,392 10,807 10,876 11,030 12,000 12,500Conventional Hydro 2,666 2,834 4,738 5,097 5,166 5,300 5,400 5,500of which Run of River 3,404 3,760 3,760 3,950 4,000 4,100Pumped and Mixed 3,785 4,017 4,654 5,710 5,710 5,730 6,600 7,000

Other Renewables 3 800 7,186 27,187 30,649 37,570 52,350 60,000Solar 0 2 62 2,774 3,870 6,000 7,000 8,000Geothermal 0 0 0 0 3 20 150 500Wind 3 48 6,094 20,622 22,289 25,950 37,000 43,000of which Wind Onshore 3 48 6,094 20,622 22,289 25,500 27,000 28,000

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 450 10,000 15,000Biogas 0 140 250 1,245 1,437 1,500 2,500 3,000Biomass 0 50 260 1,596 1,950 2,700 4,000 3,500Waste 0 560 520 950 1,100 1,400 1,700 2,000Other (Wave/Tidal etc)



DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 4,444 6,878 6,770 6,057 5,538 5,000 3,500 2,500Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 2,165 839 800 800 800 600 600 600Natural Gas 0 45 2,176 3,135 3,274 3,600 4,800 5,000Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9Conventional Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 1 438 2,662 3,135 3,124 3,700 5,600 7,300Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 1 343 2,417 3,135 3,124 3,700 5,600 7,300of which Wind Onshore 1 343 2,377 2,809 2,798 2,934 3,474 3,974

Wind Offshore 0 0 40 326 326 766 2,126 3,326Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 95 245 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


2009-180-0004 October 2009 66


ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 3,211 2,733 2,760 2,435of which multifuel 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 1,505Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 10 10 10 109Natural Gas 207 97 97 0 821Derived Gas 18 18 18

Hydro 2 5 5 7Conventional Hydro 2 5 5of which Run of River 2 5 5Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0

Other Renewables 2 31 58 645Solar 0 0 0 1Geothermal 0 0 0Wind 0 31 58 300of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 31 58

Wind Offshore 0 0 0Biogas 2 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 344Waste 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0

Not Specified 2,202 2,608 2,635TOTAL 5,417 5,377 5,458 2,630 3,350 3,087


SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,065 7,000 7,486 7,419 7,419 7,419 7,419 9,852

Fossil Fuel Fired 15,088 19,417 25,748 42,700 45,993 51,965 53,820 56,118of which multifuel 1,000 1,045 3,116 2,689 1,973 1,956 0 0

Coal 4,358 8,621 9,494 9,492 9,223 11,192 7,610 3,023Brown Coal 1,800 1,800 1,930 1,930 1,930Oil 8,930 8,545 10,698 10,136 9,403 10,030 6,106 6,779Natural Gas 0 451 3,626 21,142 25,436 30,743 40,105 46,316Derived Gas

Hydro 13,175 16,561 17,667 18,624 18,659 19,868 21,762 22,926Conventional Hydro 10,554 11,661 12,767 13,724 13,759 14,045 14,705 15,375of which Run of River 850 940 1,080 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160Pumped and Mixed 2,621 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 5,823 7,057 7,551

Other Renewables 0 35 2,626 12,727 15,710 20,296 39,102 53,614Solar 0 0 1 141 668 802 2,135 3,487GeothermalWind 0 35 2,243 11,656 14,130 17,887 33,647 44,995of which Wind Onshore

Wind OffshoreBiogas 0 0 28 143 156 198 248 297Biomass 0 0 97 313 283 782 2,345 3,909Waste 0 0 257 474 474 627 727 926Other (Wave/Tidal etc)

Not SpecifiedTOTAL 29,328 42,978 53,527 81,469 87,781 99,548 122,102 142,509

2009-180-0004 October 2009 67


FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 2,210 2,310 2,640 2,671 2,671 2,696 5,901 7,501

Fossil Fuel Fired 5,562 7,043 9,202 8,409 8,504 8,817 8,150 8,150of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 2,601 3,506 3,760 3,269 3,269Brown Coal 185 986 1,354 1,186 1,222Oil 2,224 1,140 1,395 1,454 1,368Natural Gas 552 1,411 2,693 2,645 2,645 0Derived Gas

Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,062 3,102 3,124 3,385 3,489Conventional Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,062 3,102 3,124 3,385 3,489of which Run of RiverPumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 932 1,196 1,480 2,276 2,277 2,500 3,883 5,015SolarGeothermal 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 38 86 110 240 1,500 2,500of which Wind Onshore 0 0 38 86 110

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0BiogasBiomass 932 1,196 1,442 2,190 2,167 2,246 2,342 2,474Waste 149 14 41 41Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0



FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 14,394 55,750 63,183 63,260 63,260 63,400 65,000 55,372


Coal 12,800 11,900 10,300 8,200 6,900 3,700 2,454Brown Coal 227 100 0 0 0Oil 15,254 10,073 11,080 7,200 7,300 7,300 4,182Natural Gas 550 0 4,141 1,100 2,000 5,400 13,499Derived Gas 201 600 800

Hydro 19,045 24,747 25,116 25,300 25,404 25,300 26,000 25,778Conventional Hydro 17,671 20,694 20,810of which Run of River 7,757 7,400 7,400Pumped and Mixed 1,374 4,053 4,300

Other Renewables 240 240 718 2,547 3,130 3,700 17,000 13,800Solar 0 0 6Geothermal 0 0 0Wind 0 0 38 1,496 3,700 17,000 8,748of which Wind Onshore 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0Biogas 0 0 34Biomass 0 0 20 4270Waste 0 0 380Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 240 240 1,051

Not Specified 0 0 0 8,300 8,500 11,000TOTAL 62,711 103,410 115,338 115,907 115,879 117,100 135,400 115,086

2009-180-0004 October 2009 68


UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 5,767 11,353 12,486 10,969 10,979 9,444 6,918 12,750


Coal 43,668 40,739 30,529 28,309 28,442 27,906 20,510 11,021

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 16,241 15,862 5,474 5,918 5,897 4,596 1,403 217Natural Gas 80 549 24,025 30,237 30,161 33,462 44,185 44,069Derived Gas 700 700 700 700 700 0 0 0

Hydro 2,344 4,197 4,273 4,143 4,164 4,287 4,376 4,376Conventional Hydro 1,285 1,410 1,485 1,417 1,420 1,543 1,632 1,632of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pumped and Mixed 1,059 2,787 2,788 2,726 2,744 2,744 2,744 2,744

Other Renewables 0 130 1,335 3,830 4,422 7,216 23,969 41,154Solar 0 0 2 14 14 47 147 247Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 9 412 1,955 2,477 5,364 20,424 34,385of which Wind Onshore 0 9 408 1,651 2,083 4,406 11,013 13,491

Wind Offshore 0 0 4 304 394 958 9,411 20,894Biogas 0 90 425 856 901 957 1,057 1,167Biomass 0 0 157 221 304 354 1,630 1,630Waste 0 31 338 473 478 494 551 615Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 1 1 1 1 160 3,110



GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 3,909 6,097 7,558 9,692 9,755 10,998 12,395 14,906of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 1,863 3,889 4,461 4,808 4,808 4,794 4,598 3,897Oil 2,046 2,192 1,967 2,364 2,427 2,579 1,028 2,033Natural Gas 0 16 1,129 2,520 2,520 3,625 6,769 8,878Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 1,416 2,408 3,072 3,134 3,156 3,156 3,787 3,549Conventional Hydro 1,416 2,094 2,373 2,435 2,457 2,457 3,088of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pumped and Mixed 0 315 699 699 699 699 699

Other Renewables 0 3 261 800 967 1,795 5,637 5,501Solar 0 0 0 5 5 5 500Geothermal 0 2 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 1 205 742 894 1,705 5,057 4,448of which Wind Onshore 0 1 205 742 894 1,705 5,057

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 21 23 38 40 50Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 177Waste 0 0 36 30 30 30 30Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 5,324 8,508 10,891 13,626 13,877 15,949 21,819 23,956

2009-180-0004 October 2009 69


HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 1,654 1,752 1,755 1,799 1,880 1,880 2,000


Coal 0 0 163 200 200 385 600 1,200Brown Coal 1 728 1 900 1 736 1 100 971 841 873 1,000Oil 306 481 1 229 408 408 422 408 500Natural Gas 2763 2500 2597 4227 4504 4217 4892 5000Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 46 48 47 46 46 50 60 65Conventional Hydro 46 48 47 46 46 50 60 65of which Run of River 46 48 47 46 46 50 60 65Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,200

Other Renewables 0 0 18 435 485 1,030 1,700 2,270Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 150Wind 0 0 0 32 65 330 800 1 000of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 32 65 330 800 1 000

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 6 7 10 50 60Biomass 0 0 0 376 392 669 800 1,000Waste 0 0 18 21 21 21 30 50Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 14 870 855 855 855 2,475Brown Coal 355 437 386 344 344Oil 1,307 1,011 1,255 1,255 1,255 7Natural Gas 172 938 1,425 0 3,205 3,985 4,833Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 512 512 526 527 527 539 549 242Conventional Hydro 220 220 234 247 257of which Run of River 8 8 19 32 42Pumped and Mixed 292 292 292 292 292

Other Renewables 133 725 805 1,162 1,667 2,734SolarGeothermalWind 118 700 805 1,105 1,600 2,510of which Wind Onshore 0 0 118 1,005 1,200

Wind Offshore 100 400Biogas 0 0 15 57 67Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 124Waste 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0

Not Specified 0 0 128 178 228TOTAL 2,360 3,768 4,708 6,700 7,287 7,538 8,883 10,291

2009-180-0004 October 2009 70


ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,424 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 29,146 37,232 53,391 64,307 69,022 70,441 75,347 87,103of which multifuel 12,608 20,204 33,778 23,329 14,079 17,479

Coal 2,641 5,924 6,539 9,544 10,086 12,593Brown Coal 247 194 0 0 0 0Oil 22,725 21,274 22,375 10,140 5,927 5,355Natural Gas 2,381 9,053 23,560 49,698 58,269 68,089Derived Gas 1,152 787 917 1,060 1,066 1,066

Hydro 15,826 18,770 20,346 21,072 21,117 21,455 21,904 21,998Conventional Hydro 12,172 12,582 13,389 14,323 14,747 14,791of which Run of River 2,730 3,109 3,453 4,345 4,650 4,726Pumped and Mixed 3,654 6,188 6,957 7,132 7,157 7,207

Other Renewables 428 546 1,767 4,070 3,495 7,034 13,469 21,615Solar 0 0 6 392 1,937 4,573Geothermal 428 496 590 705 830 885Wind 0 0 364 1,902 2,702 3,265 5,965 8,465of which Wind Onshore 0 0 364 3,245 5,575 7,595

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 20 390 870Biogas 0 0 174 331 375 410Biomass 0 0 202 1,105 2,512 4,712Waste 0 0 267 1,008 1,555 2,189Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 50 164 228 295 380



LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 2,367 2,367 1,183 1,183 0 1,600 3,200

Fossil Fuel Fired 2,171 2,452 2,477 2,485 2,508 2,246 2,719 1,863of which multifuel 2,023 2,304 2,329 2,264 2,224 1,980 1,560 707

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 2,105 1,130 746 148 148 148 196 196Natural Gas 66 1,322 1,731 2,337 2,360 2,098 2,523 1,667Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0





2009-180-0004 October 2009 71


LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 85 80 51 487 490 495 510 520of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 487 490 495 510 520Derived Gas 85 80 51 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 1,124 1,124 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,328 1,328Conventional Hydro 28 28 32 32 32 32 32 32of which Run of River 11 11 15 15 15 15 15 15Pumped and Mixed 1,096 1,096 1,096 1,096 1,096 1,096 1,296 1,296





LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 562 587 595 648 655 860 1,620 1,883of which multifuel 42 67 75 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 400Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 42 67 75 20 20 0 0 0Natural Gas 520 520 520 628 635 860 1,220 1,483Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730Conventional Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730of which Run of River 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0




2009-180-0004 October 2009 72


MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 577 571 571of which multifuel 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 577 571 571Natural Gas 0 0 0 0Derived Gas 0 0 0

Hydro 0 0 0Conventional Hydro 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0Solar 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0Wind 0 0 0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0

Not Specified 0 0 0TOTAL 577 571 571


NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 498 449 449 480 480 480 480 2,080

Fossil Fuel Fired 14,370 15,334 18,305 20,247 20,780 22,910 38,173 38,483of which multifuel

Coal 1,936 3,839 4,176 4,161 4,161 4,161 9,766 9,110Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 742 37 37 37 37 37 37 37Natural Gas 11,050 10,524 13,629 15,141 15,674 17,804 26,862 27,828Derived Gas 642 934 500 945 945 945 1,545 1,545


Other Renewables 227 778 2,218 2,507 3,417 7,090 7,160Solar 0 0 53 53 57 70 90GeothermalWind 57 435 1,559 1,747 2,215 6,000 6,000of which Wind Onshore 57 435 1,559 1,639 2,124 3,000 3,000

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 108 428 3,000 3,000BiogasBiomass 20 53 158 200 263 300 350Waste 150 290 448 507 545 720 720Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


2009-180-0004 October 2009 73


POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 16,471 17,417 20,286 20,698 20,627 20,594 17,608 19,924Brown Coal 4,385 8,218 7,759 8,154 8,154 8,885 7,629 6,902Oil 385 385 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 362 919 852 852 8,619 9,930Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 1,287 1,960 2,134 2,307 2,304 2,289 2,340 2,340Conventional Hydro 642 765 512 543 540 610 661 661of which Run of River 204 204 244 269 265 2,654 265 265Pumped and Mixed 645 1,195 1,622 1,764 1,764 1,679 1,679 1,679

Other Renewables 0 0 13 224 371 1,572 2,145 2,518Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 4 171 303 1,400 1,943 2,239of which Wind Onshore

Wind OffshoreBiogas 0 0 0 30 37 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 9 23 32 164 193 270Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 8 9 9

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 22,527 27,980 30,553 32,288 32,308 34,192 38,341 41,615


PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 135 1,316 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,461 576 759Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 1,891 2,806 3,035 2,930 2,935 2,903 964 800Natural Gas 0 0 1,168 2,556 2,563 3,709 6,982 6,385Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 2,463 3,355 4,469 5,016 5,020 5,100 9,798 10,198Conventional Hydro 2,395 2,811 3,925 4,044 4,048 4,129 5,408 5,808of which Run of River 155 156 367 509 512 576 826 1,226Pumped and Mixed 68 544 544 971 971 971 4,390 4,390

Other Renewables 4 4 384 2,060 2,563 5,938 11,124 11,774Solar 0 0 0 1 13 140 900 900Geothermal 4 4 14 28 28 40 40 40Wind 0 0 89 1,653 2,135 5,150 8,500 9,150of which Wind Onshore 0 0 89 1,653 2,135 5,150 8,000 8,000

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1,150Biogas 0 0 1 5 10 41 171 171Biomass 0 0 9 27 27 77 250 250Waste 0 0 271 347 351 446 483 483Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 44 781 781


2009-180-0004 October 2009 74


ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 655 655 1,300 1,300 2,630 3,300

Fossil Fuel Fired 10,710 13,470 8,040 9,392 8,994 9,133 9,343 10,814of which multifuel 5,054 5,204 2,696 2,953 2,852 2,700 1,265 898

Coal 1,366 1,366 1,234 1,367 1,339 1,193 1,927 3,249Brown Coal 3,310 5,920 3,366 4,251 4,178 4,180 2,934 3,169Oil 2,077 2,129 1,184 940 715 675 316 224Natural Gas 3,957 4,055 2,256 2,834 2,761 3,084 4,166 4,170Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 7 401 3,546 4,596Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 0 0 7 401 3,496 4,496of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 401 3,496 4,496




SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4,625 9,970 9,439 8,965 9,063 9,570 10,030 7,030

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 3,760 5,132 5,119 5,000 2,870 2,870of which multifuel

Coal 0 0 913 130 130 130 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 2,421 4,316 4,303 3,800 1,800 1,800Natural Gas 0 0 290 550 550 970 970 970Derived Gas 0 0 136 136 136 100 100 100


Other Renewables 4 1,466 3,542 3,674 4,280 9,350 12,600Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 4 241 580 788 1,600 6,000 9,000of which Wind Onshore 0

Wind Offshore 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 600 2,162 2,091 1,800 2,300 2,500Waste 0 0 625 800 795 880 1,050 1,100Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Specified 7,949 7,368 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 27,074 33,672 30,894 33,819 34,065 35,050 38,650 39,100

2009-180-0004 October 2009 75


SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 630 670 696 696 656 656 328


Coal 872 950 970Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 143 143 143 123 3 3Natural Gas 0 0 228 0 381 381 341Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 663 779 868 873 873 984 1,087 1,152Conventional Hydro 663 779 868of which Run of River 663 779 868Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 24 118 182Solar 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 0 0 0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 30 30Waste 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0



SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 820 1,640 2,460 2,460 2,200 2,457


Coal 773 793 747 481 456Brown Coal 684 684 619 365 339Oil 70 98 98 85 80 114Natural Gas 936 1,130 1,370 0 1,783 2,239 2,097Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 822 1,615 2,437 2,452 2,478 2,567 2,576 2,902Conventional Hydro 684 742 1,564 1,694 1,703of which Run of RiverPumped and Mixed 138 873 873 873 873 873

Other Renewables 0 0 10 18 63 104 160 627Solar 0 0 0 0 0 40Geothermal 0 0 0 10 10 10Wind 0 0 1 8 44 60 236of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 9 50 90 341Waste 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


2009-180-0004 October 2009 76


SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,940 2,950 3,162 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,220 4,213

Fossil Fuel Fired 75 75 75 75 875 984of which multifuel

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 7 10 8 8 8 8Natural Gas 68 65 67 67 867 976Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 11,450 11,637 13,240 13,356 13,456 14,800 15,600 15,970Conventional Hydro 5,127 5,155 6,148 6,473 6,137 6,709 7,071 7,257of which Run of River 5,127 5,155 6,148 6,473 6,137 6,709 7,071 7,257Pumped and Mixed 6,323 6,482 7,092 6,883 7,320 8,091 8,529 8,713

Other Renewables 114 165 271 344 211 213 230 424Solar 0 2 13 26 29 31 48 88Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 3 12 12 12 12 22of which Wind Onshore 3 12 12 12 12 22

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 8 5 2 2 2 4Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 114 163 244 301 168 168 168 310Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 35 35 63 63 656 656 1,442 2,622of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 35 35 63 63 656 656 1,442 2,622Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 19,598 26,375 27,262 28,581 28,900 29,075 29,471 31,651Conventional Hydro 19,004 25,147 25,994 27,312 27,631 27,806 28,203 29,392of which Run of RiverPumped and Mixed 594 1,228 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 2,260

Other Renewables 0 0 13 325 325 1,013 1,674 2,665Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind 0 0 13 325 325 991 1,652 2,643of which Wind Onshore 0 0 13 325 325 991 1,431 2,165

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 477Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 22 22 22 22 22 22Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


2009-180-0004 October 2009 77


TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,500

Fossil Fuel Fired 2,975 9,536 16,029 27,379 27,228 30,582 57,772of which multifuel 184 372 1,358 3,323 3,384 3,268 3,268

Coal 323 332 480 1,986 1,986 2,157 7,857Brown Coal 1,047 4,874 6,509 8,211 8,211 8,621 18,661Oil 1,605 2,120 1,996 2,852 2,455 3,307 3,307Natural Gas 2,210 7,044 14,330 14,576 16,497 27,947Derived Gas

Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,063 13,395 16,446 31,038Conventional Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,063 13,395 16,446 31,038of which Run of RiverPumped and Mixed

Other Renewables 12 18 60 123 212 1,788 3,038SolarGeothermal 18 18 23 23 48 48Wind 19 59 146 1,704 2,954of which Wind Onshore 19 59 146 1,704 2,954

Wind OffshoreBiogas 4 14 16 9 9BiomassWaste 12 19 27 27 27 27Other (Wave/Tidal etc)

Not SpecifiedTOTAL 5,118 16,318 27,264 40,565 40,835 48,816 96,348


EU-27

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 42,376 125,380 136,847 133,228 133,005 128,776 119,487 124,345


Coal 122,525 139,683 133,265 114,603 105,471 121,235 115,289 101,322Brown Coal 35,859 46,190 51,282 52,682 53,795 50,596 45,656 42,068Oil 92,572 77,273 72,789 44,897 36,761 52,154 33,194 27,364Natural Gas 37,414 49,214 110,907 112,252 118,586 195,481 266,429 292,246Derived Gas 3,065 3,386 8,300 6,798 6,728 7,425 5,431 4,630


Other Renewables 1,713 3,830 21,127 67,808 76,591 105,391 203,658 271,406Solar 0 2 77 3,019 4,666 7,474 12,720 17,598Geothermal 432 502 604 28 31 775 1,050 1,585Wind 4 497 12,730 46,667 53,151 76,220 159,362 199,678of which Wind Onshore 4 458 10,146 29,312 32,340 48,437 72,303 75,749

Wind Offshore 0 0 44 630 828 2,977 26,457 48,640Biogas 0 230 951 2,391 2,684 3,154 4,545 5,145Biomass 932 1,369 3,123 7,612 8,029 10,378 17,121 28,743Waste 5 746 3,137 3,548 3,910 5,612 7,064 8,159Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 290 457 1,052 1 333 1,297 4,280

Not Specified 8,252 7,666 2,642 11,156 2,884 9,032 11,554 295TOTAL 452,633 585,501 686,582 775,489 794,935 836,372 982,400 1,051,640

2009-180-0004 October 2009 78


EU-30

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 44,316 128,330 140,009 136,448 136,225 131,996 127,207 128,558


Coal 122,848 140,015 133,745 116,589 107,457 123,392 123,146 101,322Brown Coal 36,906 51,064 57,791 60,893 62,006 59,217 64,317 42,068Oil 94,177 79,393 74,792 47,759 39,224 55,469 36,509 27,372Natural Gas 37,449 51,459 118,082 126,710 133,885 212,701 296,685 295,844Derived Gas 3,065 3,386 8,300 6,798 6,728 7,425 5,431 4,630


Other Renewables 1,839 4,013 21,471 68,600 77,339 108,405 208,600 274,495Solar 0 4 90 3,045 4,695 7,505 12,768 17,686Geothermal 432 520 622 51 54 823 1,098 1,585Wind 4 497 12,765 47,063 53,634 78,927 163,980 202,343of which Wind Onshore 4 458 10,181 29,708 32,823 51,144 76,700 77,936

Wind Offshore 0 0 44 630 828 2,977 26,677 49,117Biogas 0 230 963 2,410 2,702 3,165 4,556 5,149Biomass 932 1,369 3,123 7,612 8,029 10,378 17,121 28,743Waste 131 909 3,422 3,898 4,127 5,829 7,281 8,491Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 290 457 1,052 1 333 1,297 4,280

Not Specified 9,058 8,583 3,445 11,822 3,775 9,873 12,395 1,136TOTAL 491,694 643,897 758,757 862,658 883,505 935,081 1,132,101 1,111,010

2009-180-0004 October 2009 79

3.1B Generation Equipment - Capacity By Technology Table 3.1B.1 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by

Technology (MW) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Steam Thermal Units 2,366 2,591 2,270Gas Turbine UnitsCombined Cycle Units 6,344 6,441 6,600 7,260Internal Combustion UnitsHydro 8,210 10,870 11,730 11,852 12,009 12,209 13,229Non-fuel Renewables 100 110 170 985 1,010 1,100 1,800New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 1,944 2,619 3,870 91Total 12,620 16,190 18,040 19,181 19,460 20,000 22,289

Table 3.1B.2 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by Technology (MW)

BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,666 5,500 5,713 5,825 5,825 5,801 4,013Steam Thermal Units 6,324 4,272 3,485 3,465 3,769 3,831Gas Turbine Units 276 1,281 1,451 1,421 178 418Combined Cycle Units 186 2,792 3,322 3,419 5,386 8,516Internal Combustion Units 169 200 429 417 399 399Hydro 128 1,401 1,492 1,451 1,421 1,497 1,500Non-fuel Renewables 0 5 14 169 214 527 883New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 8,210 285 0 117 118 120 0Total 11,004 14,139 15,472 16,258 16,380 17,557 19,560


BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,300 2,700 3,500 2,700 1,900 1,900 3,800 5,700Steam Thermal Units 4,830 5,655 4,934 5,155 5,155 5,596 5,520 4,330Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 1,500Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 1,700 1,800 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,880 2,250 2,460Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 7,830 10,155 10,384 9,675 8,895 10,176 14,270 17,390

2009-180-0004 October 2009 80


CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 264 462 800 800 930 930 630 390Gas Turbine Units 0 0 188 188 188 188 188 188Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 220 1,380 2,100Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 116New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,454 2,198 2,678


CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 1,651 1,651 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 5,000Steam Thermal Units 8,889 10,463 10,009 10,665 10,648 9,247 9,144 7,368Gas Turbine Units 171 171 63 206 245 182 489 800Combined Cycle Units 0 0 419 580 648 579 579 700Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 1,300 1,342 2,089 2,175 2,175 2,121 2,121 2,121Non-fuel Renewables 0 8 1 78 164 468 550 900New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10Not Specified 139 125 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 10,499 13,760 14,232 17,464 17,562 16,357 16,644 16,899


GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 8,607 22,406 22,396 20,430 20,470 20,470 5,400 0Steam Thermal Units 64,500 62,100 62,500 63,700 67,800 60,500Gas Turbine Units 3,450 3,900 4,157 5,350 5,600 5,700 4,000 4,000Combined Cycle Units 14,000 15,960 18,250 20,100 26,000 31,000Internal Combustion Units 290 360 380 450 500 500Hydro 6,451 6,851 9,392 10,807 10,876 11,030 12,000 12,500Non-fuel Renewables 6,156 23,396 26,162 31,970 44,150 51,500New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 80 21 31 50 0 0Total 78,597 93,818 120,971 138,424 144,269 153,470 159,850 160,000

Notes for Germany: Gas Turbine Units & Internal Combustion Units: rough estimates; Not Specified Technology: predominantly Steam Thermal Units and Combined Cycle Units; data or estimates not available

2009-180-0004 October 2009 81


DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 6,609 7,762 9,746 9,992 9,612 9,200 8,900 8,100Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9Non-fuel Renewables 1 438 2,662 3,135 3,124 3,700 5,600 7,300New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 6,619 8,209 12,417 13,136 12,745 12,909 14,509 15,409


ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear - - 0 0 0 - - -Steam Thermal Units 1,429 2,718 2,745Gas Turbine Units - - - - - - - -Combined Cycle Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Internal Combustion Units - - 10 15 15 - - -Hydro 2 5 5Non-fuel Renewables 0 31 58New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0Total 2,441 2,769 2,823 2,630 3,350


SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,065 7,000 7,486 7,419 7,419 7,419 7,419 9,852Steam Thermal Units 13,670 18,162 23,115 23,629 22,788 23,449 16,914 14,452Gas Turbine Units 0 0 304 304 304 304 1,264 3,904Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 16,078 20,235 25,262 32,096 34,081Internal Combustion Units 1,000 1,705 2,330 2,689 2,666 2,950 3,546 3,681Hydro 13,175 16,561 17,667 18,624 18,659 19,868 21,762 22,926Non-fuel Renewables 0 35 2,626 12,727 15,710 20,296 39,102 53,614New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not SpecifiedTotal 29,328 42,978 53,527 81,469 87,781 99,548 122,102 142,509


FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 2,210 2,310 2,640 2,671 2,671 2,696 5,901 7,501Steam Thermal Units 5,679 6,882 7,215 7,777Gas Turbine Units 815 1,357 1,847 1,274Combined Cycle Units 0 1,586 1,543Internal Combustion Units 0 50 149Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,062 3,102 3,124 3,385 3,489Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 38 86 240 1,500 2,500New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 11,022 13,170 16,258 16,587 17,294 21,540 23,270

2009-180-0004 October 2009 82


FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 14,394 55,750 63,183 63,260 63,260 63,400 65,000Steam Thermal Units 29,032 22,673 26,321 14,600 12,700 9,500Gas Turbine Units 0 0 800 1,500 1,500Combined Cycle Units 0 0 1,100 2,000 5,400Internal Combustion Units 0 0Hydro 19,045 24,747 25,116 25,300 25,404 25,300 26,000Non-fuel Renewables 240 240 718 2,547 3,700 17,000New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 8,300 8,500 11,000Total 62,711 103,410 115,338 115,907 117,100 135,400


UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 5,767 11,353 12,486 10,969 10,979 9,444 6,918 12,750Steam Thermal Units 57,051 54,522 38,874 37,718 37,853 35,167 25,367 14,760Gas Turbine Units 3,638 3,130 1,291 1,444 1,404 1,404 1,011 904Combined Cycle Units 0 229 21,058 27,006 26,973 30,241 41,900 41,888Internal Combustion Units 0 90 425 856 901 957 1,057 1,167Hydro 2,344 4,197 4,273 4,143 4,164 4,287 4,376 4,376Non-fuel Renewables 0 9 415 1,969 2,492 5,411 20,731 37,742New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 68,800 73,530 78,822 84,106 84,765 86,911 101,360 113,586


GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 3,508 5,495 5,676 5,999 6,045 5,705 4,732Gas Turbine Units 255 294 343 604 604 515 321Combined Cycle Units 0 16 920 2,084 2,084 3,743 6,226Internal Combustion Units 146 292 676 1,058 1,090 1,035 1,116Hydro 1,416 2,408 3,072 3,134 3,156 3,156 3,787Non-fuel Renewables 0 3 205 747 899 1,795 5,637New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 5,324 8,508 10,891 13,626 13,877 15,949 21,819


HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 1,654 1,752 1,755 1,799 1,880 1,880 2,000Steam Thermal Units 4,594 4,678 4,392 4,124 4,025 3,990 3,173 3,570Gas Turbine Units 202 202 408 408 550 615 550 500Combined Cycle Units 0 0 988 1,400 1,431 1,450 3,500 4,500Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 406 497 510 450 400Hydro 46 48 47 46 46 50 60 65Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 32 65 330 800 1,000New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 20 18 0 0 0 0 0Total 4,842 6,602 7,605 8,171 8,413 8,825 10,413 12,035

2009-180-0004 October 2009 83


IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Steam Thermal Units 1,733 2,640 2,807 2,765 2,765Gas Turbine Units 0 358 379 379 379Combined Cycle Units 115 258 735 2,515 3,295Internal Combustion Units 0 0 15 57 67Hydro 512 512 526 527 539 549Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 118 1,105 1,600New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 128 178 228Total 2,360 3,768 4,708 7,538 8,883


ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,424 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 27,492 34,761 40,048 25,187 26,241 26,381Gas Turbine Units 1,465 2,120 5,314 6,010 9,310 11,354Combined Cycle Units 0 115 7,840 40,483 42,737 54,817Internal Combustion Units 189 236 832 1,204 1,502 1,863Hydro 15,826 18,770 20,346 21,072 21,117 21,455 21,904 21,998Non-fuel Renewables 428 546 1,124 4,590 9,027 14,304New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 46,824 56,548 75,504 98,929 110,720 130,716


LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 2,367 2,367 1,183 1,183 0 1,600 3,200Steam Thermal Units 2,171 2,452 2,477 2,504 2,526 2,267 1,666 826Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,112 1,112Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 106 105 873 835 837 858 884 890Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 1 52 131 500 700New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 2,277 4,924 5,717 4,523 4,598 3,256 5,762 6,728


LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 4 4 51 487 490 495 510 520Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 1,124 1,124 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,328 1,328Non-fuel Renewables 5 5 20 69 69 90 108 135New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 85 80 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1,214 1,209 1,199 1,684 1,687 1,713 1,946 1,983

2009-180-0004 October 2009 84


LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 562 587 581 441 232 200 600 600Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 730Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 192 402 620 880 920Internal Combustion Units 0 0 14 26 33 60 175 469Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 2 27 28 78 378 678New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 2,049 2,074 2,127 2,250 2,259 2,534 3,633 4,397


MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2010 2020 2030Nuclear - - 0 0 0 - - -Steam Thermal Units - - 354 350 350 - - -Gas Turbine Units - - 113 111 111 - - -Combined Cycle Units - - 110 110 110 - - -Internal Combustion Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Hydro - - 0 0 0 - - -Non-fuel Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - 0 0 0 - - -Not Specified - - - - - - - -Total - - 577 571 571 - - -


NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 498 449 449 480 480 480 480 2,080Steam Thermal Units 0 6,100 7,009 9,500 9,579 8,943 13,150 13,294Gas Turbine Units 522 314 1,131 1,288 1,279 1,240 1,100 1,140Combined Cycle Units 3,815 8,800 8,485 7,597 7,521 9,781 20,242 20,418Internal Combustion Units 0 139 1,582 2,468 3,108 3,754 4,700 4,800Hydro 0 37 37 37 37 37 37 37Non-fuel Renewables 0 208 876 1,612 1,800 2,609 6,070 6,090New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 10,033 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 14,868 16,047 19,569 22,982 23,804 26,844 45,780 47,760


POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 21,240 26,020 28,045 28,839 28,781 29,479 25,237 26,827Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,869 6,762Combined Cycle Units 0 0 362 919 852 852 2,750 3,168Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 1,287 1,960 2,134 2,307 2,304 2,289 2,340 2,340Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 13 224 371 1,572 2,145 2,518New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 22,527 27,980 30,553 32,288 32,308 34,192 38,341 41,615

2009-180-0004 October 2009 85


PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 1,521 3,239 4,231 4,387 4,392 4,289 2,226 2,408Gas Turbine Units 165 329 329 317 317 353 265 265Combined Cycle Units 0 0 990 2,166 2,166 3,029 5,519 4,529Internal Combustion Units 340 554 765 874 885 1,073 1,520 1,720Hydro 2,463 3,355 4,469 5,016 5,020 5,100 9,798 10,198Non-fuel Renewables 4 4 103 1,682 2,176 5,374 10,221 10,871New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 4,493 7,482 10,887 14,441 14,956 19,217 29,549 29,991


ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 655 655 1,300 1,300 2,630 3,300Steam Thermal Units 10,710 13,470 8,040 9,392 8,994 8,834 6,656 7,417Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 101 140 140Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 197 2,597 3,357Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 2,990 4,930 5,170 5,817 5,859 5,908 7,352 7,403Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 7 401 3,496 4,496New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 13,700 18,400 13,865 15,864 16,160 16,741 22,872 26,113


SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4,625 9,970 9,439 8,965 9,063 9,570 10,030 7,030Steam Thermal Units 1,695 1,687 1,341 1,613 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 650 650 650Combined Cycle Units 74 20 0 0 0 0 0 0Internal Combustion Units 14,500 16,330 16,229 16,180 16,209 16,200 16,400 16,600Hydro 6,180 5,661 3,644 6,481 6,405 5,430 3,970 4,220Non-fuel Renewables 0 4 241 580 788 1,600 6,000 9,000New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not SpecifiedTotal 27,074 33,672 30,894 33,819 34,065 35,050 38,650 39,100


SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 630 670 696 696 656 656 328Steam Thermal Units 1,015 1,093 1,026Gas Turbine Units 0 0 228Combined Cycle Units 0 0 84Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0Hydro 663 779 868 873 873 984 1,087 1,152Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 3 0 0Total 1,678 2,502 2,879 3,133 3,502 3 795

2009-180-0004 October 2009 86


SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 820 1 640 2 460 2 460 2 200Steam Thermal Units 2 463 2 705 2 622Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 212Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 822 1 615 2 437 2 452 2 478Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 10 104 160New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0Total 4 105 5 960 7 741 7 845 8 310


SWITERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 1,940 2,950 3,162 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,220 4,213Steam Thermal Units 75 75 388 388 388 485Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 115 146 67 67 867 976Internal Combustion Units 244 301 151 151 151 165Hydro 11,450 11,637 13,240 13,356 13,456 14,800 15,600 15,970Non-fuel Renewables 24 43 41 50 70 85New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 717 854 473 302 312 305 302 370Total 14,107 15,441 17,333 17,443 17,635 18,981 20,598 22,264


NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 0 0 22 22 22 22 22 22Gas Turbine Units 35 35 63 63 263 263 263 263Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 420 420 1 179 2 359Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 19,598 26,375 27,262 28,581 28,900 29,075 29,471 31,651Non-fuel Renewables 325 325 991 1 652 2 643New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 203 228 218 200 200 168 168 168Total 19,836 26,637 27,578 29,191 30,130 30,912 32,755 37,106


TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,500 -Steam Thermal Units 0 8,509 10,519 10,545 10,778 26,518Gas Turbine Units 0 449 1,080 1,075 1,157 1,157Combined Cycle Units 0 6,854 14,251 14,424 16,497 27,947Internal Combustion Units 0 241 1,467 1,174 2,150 2,150Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,063 13,395 16,446 31,038Non-fuel Renewables 18 36 82 169 1,788 3,038New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 2 987 9 536 0 103 53 0 0Total 5,118 16,318 27,264 40,565 40,835 48,816 96,348

2009-180-0004 October 2009 87

3.1.3 CHP Capacity by Fuel Table 3.1.3A.1 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Coal 277 935 910 - - 1,000 800 -Oil 406 262 270 - - 390 400 -Natural Gas 627 791 2,030 - - 3,160 3,460 -Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables 474 481 520 - - 800 990 -Total 1,784 2,469 3,730 - - 5,350 5,650 -

CHP Biomass and CHP Multifuels are included in CHP Total Capacity Table 3.1.3A.2 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 495 - - 495 495 -

Coal - - 0 - - 0 0 -Oil - - 68 - - 74 74 -Natural Gas - - 706 - - 1,331 2,001 -Renewables - - 4 - - 54 114 -Other Non-Renewables - - 25 - - 25 25 -Total - - 1,298 - - 1,979 2,709 -

Table 3.1.3A.3 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 148 120 110 110 110 110 110 110Oil 460 390 270 270 270 270 270 270Natural Gas 426 404 294 294 294 374 374 374Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1,034 914 674 674 674 754 754 754

Table 3.1.3A.4 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Coal 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Oil 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Total 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -

Table 3.1.3A.5 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 335 335 338 338 400 500 600Coal 0 1,824 3,390 3,328 3,320 3,350 3,450 3,500Oil 0 0 130 130 130 130 130 130Natural Gas 0 106 333 392 400 620 720 800Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 0 2,265 4,188 4,188 4,188 4,500 4,800 5,030

2009-180-0004 October 2009 88

Table 3.1.3A.6 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal - - - 5,300 5,300 - - -Oil - - - 800 750 - - -Natural Gas - - - 13,015 15,300 - - -Renewables - - - 1,740 2,150 - - -Other Non-Renewables - - - 45 50 - - -Total 6,819 8,996 18,500 20,900 23,550 - - - Table 3.1.3A.7 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Coal 3,591 7,741 6,745 - - 5,622 4,059 -Oil 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Natural Gas 0 140 2,421 - - 3,596 4,833 -Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Total 3,591 7,881 9,166 - - 9,218 8,892 - Table 3.1.3A.8 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 190 97 97 - - -Coal - - 0 0 0 - - -Oil - - 0 0 0 - - -Natural Gas - - 17 17 17 - - -Renewables - - 9 9 9 - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 289 232 232 - - -Total - - 505 355 355 - - - Table 3.1.3A.9 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030MultifuelsCoal 0 0 81 42 42 81 81 81Oil 525 900 1,449 1,362 1,368 2,132 2,560 3,097Natural Gas 0 451 3,322 4,760 4,897 5,177 6,744 8,331RenewablesOther Non-RenewablesTotal 525 901 4,852 6,164 6,307 7,391 9,385 11,510 Table 3.1.3A.10 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 0 - 0 0 0Coal - - 1,468 998 - 965 417 437Oil - - 158 304 - 304 170 158Natural Gas - - 1,797 2,245 - 2,477 3,304 2,958Renewables - - 1,442 2,074 - 2,131 2,253 2,385Other Non-Renewables - - 1,038 1,040 - 1,569 1,569 1,429Total 2,839 4,000 5,903 6,661 - 7,033 7,713 7,367

2009-180-0004 October 2009 89

Table 3.1.3A.11 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 - - - - -Coal - - 211 - - - - -Oil - - 211 - - - - -Natural Gas - - 2,530 - - - - -Renewables - - 843 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 422 - - - - -Total - - 4,217 - - - - -

Table 3.1.3A.12 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 877 527 160 195 197 100 0 0Oil 1,077 884 266 165 101 50 0 0Natural Gas 43 315 3,168 4,145 4,144 5,864 9,103 11,376Renewables 0 0 110 151 167 350 850 1,600Other Non-Renewables 527 400 774 828 864 1,100 1,100 1,100Total 2,524 2,126 4,478 5,484 5,473 7,464 11,053 14,076

Table 3.1.3A.13 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 -Coal 0 0 435 740 748 768 768 -Oil 132 154 153 136 136 136 136 -Natural Gas 0 16 28 95 97 106 131 -Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Total 165 203 649 1,004 1,014 1,043 1,068 -

Table 3.1.3A.14 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 222 0 0 0 0 0Coal 182 176 150 28 30 30 20 20Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 589 637 391 1,322 1,363 1,430 1,080 760Renewables 0 0 0 9 11 20 80 200Other Non-Renewables 0 0 81 18 19 20 20 20Total 770 813 844 1,377 1,423 1,500 1,200 1,000 Table 3.1.3A.15 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 - - - - -Coal - - 0 - - - - -Oil - - 0 - - - - -Natural Gas - - 100 - - - - -Renewables - - 0 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 18 - - - - -Total - - 118 - - - - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 90

Table 3.1.3A.16 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal - - - - - - - -Oil - - - - - - - -Natural Gas - - - - - - - -Renewables - - - - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - - - - - - -Total 5,249 4,540 11,892 - - - - - Table 3.1.3A.17 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 314 594 619 584 595 596 450 477Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 148 148 148 148 148 148 196 196Natural Gas 0 0 0 21 54 54 399 399Renewables 0 0 0 14 18 21 59 65Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 462 742 767 767 815 819 1,104 1,137 Table 3.1.3A.18 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135 Table 3.1.3A.19 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 42 67 75 20 20 20 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 400Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 520 520 520 628 611 850 1,000 1,200Renewables 0 0 0 11 12 20 35 106Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 562 587 595 659 643 890 1,435 1,706 Table 3.1.3A.20 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 0 0 - - -Coal - - 0 0 0 - - -Oil - - 0 0 0 - - -Natural Gas - - 0 0 0 - - -Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -Total - - 0 0 0 - - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 91

Table 3.1.3A.21 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal 1,163 1,163 930 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480Oil - - - - - - - -Natural Gas 2,652 4,131 5,925 9,641 10,378 11,648 15,745 16,256Renewables 0 0 0 231 231 234 234 234Other Non-Renewables 0 0 145 130 130 130 130 130Total 3,815 5,294 7,000 11,482 12,219 13,492 17,589 18,100 Table 3.1.3A.22 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 7,063 7,914 6,485 6,733 6,550 6,673 4,611 5,032Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 362 793 852 1,134 1,434 1,652Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 7,063 7,914 6,846 7,527 7,402 7,807 6,045 6,684

Table 3.1.3A.23 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 430 589 690 667 667 581 364 0Natural Gas 0 0 178 390 397 681 1,464 1,856Renewables 0 0 228 290 293 383 394 394Other Non-Renewables 0 0 11 60 56 56 29 0Total 430 2,783 1,845 1,841 1,717 1,934 1,868 1,983 Table 3.1.3A.24 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030MultifuelsCoal 1,390 1,560 1,257 1,302 1,277 1,245 1,253 3,043Oil 754 1,725 875 555 527 489 266 174Natural Gas 1,436 3,285 1,668 1,674 1,632 1,766 2,918 3,023Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 100Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 3,580 6,570 3,800 3,531 3,437 3,500 4,488 6,340 Table 3.1.3A.25 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 130 0 0Oil 430 589 690 667 667 590 120 100Natural Gas 0 0 178 390 397 970 970 970Renewables 0 0 228 290 293 2,680 3,350 3,600Other Non-Renewables 0 0 11 60 56 100 100 100Total 3,179 3,280 3,196 4,183 4,107 4,470 4,540 4,770

2009-180-0004 October 2009 92

Table 3.1.3A.26 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - - - -Coal 58 103 103 - - - - -Oil 0 0 0 - - - - -Natural Gas 0 0 0 - - - - -Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - -Total 58 103 103 - - - - - Table 3.1.3A.27 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - - - -Coal 491 574 454 - - - - -Oil 70 98 98 - - - - -Natural Gas 336 467 707 - - - - -Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - -Total 897 1,139 1,259 - - - - - Table 3.1.3A.28 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - 0 0 0 -Coal - - - - 0 0 0 -Oil - - - - 8 8 8 -Natural Gas - - - - 67 67 867 -Renewables - - - 146 170 170 170 -Other Non-Renewables - - - - 410 410 390 -Total - - - 146 655 655 1,435 - Table 3.1.3A.29 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 200 200 200Renewables - - 22 22 22 22 22 22Other Non-Renewables 203 228 217 - - 168 168 168Total 203 228 239 - - 390 390 390 Table 3.1.3A.30 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 1,173 1,906 2,059 - - -Coal - - 133 169 165 - - -Oil - - 540 425 467 - - -Natural Gas - - 616 1,542 1,744 - - -Renewables - - 0 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 12 - - - - -Total - - 2,474 4,042 4,435 - - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 93

Table 3.1.3B. CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type (MW)

AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 953 1,619 2,670 - - 3,960 4,135 -Autoproducers 831 850 1,060 - - 1,390 1,515 -Total 1,784 2,469 3,730 - - 5,350 5,650 - Table 3.1.3B.2 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type

(MW) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - 967 - - 1,539 2,163 -Autoproducers - - 331 - - 441 546 -Total - - 1,298 - - 1,979 2,709 -

Table 3.1.3B.3 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type (MW)

BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 194 274 360 360 360 440 440 440Autoproducers 840 640 314 314 314 314 314 314Total 1,034 914 674 674 674 754 754 754 Table 3.1.3B.4 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type

(MW) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -Autoproducers 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - Table 3.1.3B.5 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type

(MW) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - - - 2,094 - - -Autoproducers - - - - 2,094 - - -Total 0 2,265 4,188 4,188 4,188 4,500 4,800 5,030 Table 3.1.3B.6 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type

(MW) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 6,819 8,996 10,000 11,700 - - - -Autoproducers 0 0 8,500 9,200 - - - -Total 6,819 8,996 18,500 20,900 23,550 - - - Table 3.1.3B.7 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type

(MW) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 3,591 7,786 7,833 - - 7,718 7,392 -Autoproducers 0 95 1,333 - - 1,500 1,500 -Total 3,591 7,881 9,166 - - 9,218 8,892 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 94


ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - 449 299 299 - - -Autoproducers - - 56 56 56 - - -Total - - 505 355 355 - - -

Table 3.1.3B.9 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type

(MW) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating CompaniesAutoproducers 525 901 4,852 6,164 6,307 7,391 9,385 11,510Total 525 901 4,852 6,164 6,307 7,391 9,385 11,510


FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030

Electricity Generating Companies - - - 4,668 - - - -Autoproducers - - - 1,993 - - - -Total 2,839 4,000 5,903 6,661 - 7,033 7,713 7,367


FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - - - - - - -Autoproducers - - - - - - - -Total - - 4,217 - - - - -


UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 600 1,562 1,562 2,000 2,750 4,000Autoproducers 2,524 2,126 3,878 3,922 3,911 5,464 8,303 10,076Total 2,524 2,126 4,478 5,484 5,473 7,464 11,053 14,076


GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 435 740 748 768 768 -Autoproducers 165 203 214 264 266 275 300 -Total 165 203 649 1,004 1,014 1,043 1,068 -


HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 615 615 517 581 581 600 600 600Autoproducers 155 198 328 796 842 900 600 400Total 770 813 844 1,377 1,423 1,500 1,200 1,000

2009-180-0004 October 2009 95


IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - 60 - - - - -Autoproducers - - 58 - - - - -Total - - 118 - - - - -


ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 29 209 7,698 - - - - -Autoproducers 5,220 4,331 4,194 - - - - -Total 5,249 4,540 11,892 - - - - -


LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 411 691 691 691 424 724 977 997Autoproducers 51 51 76 76 73 95 127 140Total 462 742 767 767 815 819 1,104 1,137


LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Autoproducers 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135Total 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135


LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 520 520 520 546 546 760 985 979Autoproducers 42 67 75 113 97 130 450 727Total 562 587 595 659 643 890 1,435 1,706


MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - 0 0 0 - - -Autoproducers - - 0 0 0 - - -Total - - 0 0 0 - - -


NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 3,553 4,534 6,000 5,365 5,365 5,793 9,019 9,400Autoproducers 262 760 1,000 6,117 6,854 7,699 8,570 8,700Total 3,815 5,294 7,000 11,482 12,219 13,492 17,589 18,100

2009-180-0004 October 2009 96


(MW) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 4,280 5,132 5,002 5,686 5,686 5,873 4,177 4,701Autoproducers 2,783 2,783 1,845 1,841 1,717 1,934 1,868 1,983Total 7,063 7,914 6,846 7,527 7,402 7,807 6,045 6,684


PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 56 56 56 995 1,089 1,530 2,250 2,250Autoproducers 374 533 1,050 412 324 170 0 0Total 430 589 1,106 1,407 1,413 1,700 2,250 2,250


ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 2,930 5,910 3,363 2,845 3,011 3,079 3,188 3,941Autoproducers 650 660 437 685 426 421 1,300 2,399Total 3,580 6,570 3,800 3,531 3,437 3,500 4,488 6,340


SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 2,171 2,524 2,264 2,954 2,883 1,190 1,344 1,190Autoproducers 1,008 756 932 1,229 1,224 3,280 3,196 3,580Total 430 589 1,106 1,407 1,413 1,700 2,250 2,250


SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 58 103 103 - - - - -Autoproducers 0 0 0 - - - - -Total 58 103 103 - - - - -


SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 317 361 360 - - - - -Autoproducers 580 778 899 - - - - -Total 897 1,139 1,259 - - - - -


SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - - - 628 628 1,376 -Autoproducers - - - 146 27 27 59 -Total - - - 146 655 655 1,435 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 97


(MW) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Autoproducers 203 228 239 - - 390 390 390Total 203 228 239 - - 390 390 390


TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Generating Companies - - 189 2,011 2,185 - - -Autoproducers - - 2,285 2,031 2,250 - - -Total - - 2,474 4,042 4,435 - - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 98

3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment

3.2.1 New Capacities

Table 3.2.1.1 Commissioning Capacity (MW) AUSTRIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -

Fossil Fuel Fired - -Coal - -Brown Coal - -Oil - -Natural Gas - -Derived Gas - -Multifuels - -

Hydro - -Conventional 'Hydro - -

of which Run of River - -Pumped and Mixed - -

Other Renewables - -Not Specified - -

Total - -

Table 3.2.1.2 Commissioning Capacity (MW) BELGIUM

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -

Fossil Fuel Fired - 758Coal - -Brown Coal - -Oil - -Natural Gas - 758Derived Gas - -Multifuels - 4


of which Run of River - -Pumped and Mixed - 443

Other Renewables - -Not Specified - 1,205

Total - -

Table 3.2.1.3 Commissioning Capacity (MW) BULGARIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0Coal 0 0Brown Coal 0 0Oil 0 0Natural Gas 0 0Derived Gas 0 0Multifuels 0 0

Hydro 0 0Conventional 'Hydro 0 0

of which Run of River 0 0Pumped and Mixed 0 0

Other Renewables 50 100Not Specified 0 0

Total 50 100

2009-180-0004 October 2009 99

Table 3.2.1.4 Commissioning Capacity (MW) CYPRUS

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0Coal 0 0Brown Coal 0 0Oil 0 1,118Natural Gas 0 0Derived Gas 0 50Multifuels 0 0




Total 0 1,118

Table 3.2.1.5 Commissioning Capacity (MW) CZECH REPUBLIC

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 51Coal 0Brown Coal 0Oil 27Natural Gas 0Derived Gas 24Multifuels 0

Hydro 9Conventional 'Hydro 9

of which Run of River 9Pumped and Mixed 0

Other Renewables 35Not Specified 0

Total 95

Table 3.2.1.6 Commissioning Capacity (MW) GERMANY

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 76 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 2,965 2,382Coal 280 0Brown Coal 160 80Oil 0 0Natural Gas 2,525 2,248Derived Gas 0 0Multifuels - -

Hydro 2 110Conventional 'Hydro 2 -

of which Run of River 2 -Pumped and Mixed 0 -

Other Renewables 7,750 6,550Not Specified - -

Total 10,793 8,988

2009-180-0004 October 2009 100

Table 3.2.1.7 Commissioning Capacity (MW) DENMARK

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0Coal 0 -Brown Coal 0 -Oil 0 -Natural Gas 0 -Derived Gas 0 -Multifuels 0 -

Hydro 0 0Conventional 'Hydro 0 -



Total 0 0

Table 3.2.1.8 Commissioning Capacity (MW) ESTONIA

2007 2008-2009Nuclear 0 0





Total 0 70

Table 3.2.1.9 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SPAIN

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -

Fossil Fuel Fired 4,414 4,443Coal 0 -Brown Coal 0 -Oil 6 739Natural Gas 4,408 3,704Derived Gas 0 -Multifuels 0 -

Hydro -Conventional 'Hydro 35 145

of which Run of River -Pumped and Mixed -

Other Renewables 3,014 5,068Not Specified 0 -

Total 7,463 9,656

2009-180-0004 October 2009 101

Table 3.2.1.10 Commissioning Capacity (MW) FINLAND

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -

Fossil Fuel Fired 120 230CoalBrown CoalOilNatural GasDerived GasMultifuels -

Hydro 40 29Conventional 'Hydro - -


Other Renewables 24 18Not Specified - -

Total 184 277

Table 3.2.1.11 Commissioning Capacity (MW) FRANCE

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 -

Fossil Fuel Fired - -Coal - -Brown Coal 0 -Oil 813 1,630Natural Gas - -Derived Gas - -Multifuels - -




Total - -

Table 3.2.1.12 Commissioning Capacity (MW) UNITED KINGDOM

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 1,399Coal 0 0Brown Coal 0 0Oil 0 0Natural Gas 0 1,399Derived Gas 0 0Multifuels 0 0



Other Renewables 377 1,774Not Specified 0 0

Total 377 3,225

2009-180-0004 October 2009 102

Table 3.2.1.13 Commissioning Capacity (MW) GREECE

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0





Total 251 189

Table 3.2.1.14 Commissioning Capacity (MW) HUNGARY

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 67

Fossil Fuel Fired 186 237Coal 0 0Brown Coal 0 107Oil 0 0Natural Gas 186 130Derived Gas 0 0Multifuels 0 -



Other Renewables 100 83Not Specified 0 -

Total 288 387

Table 3.2.1.15 Commissioning Capacity (MW) IRELAND

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -





Total - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 103

Table 3.2.1.16 Commissioning Capacity (MW) ITALY

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -





Total - -

Table 3.2.1.17 Commissioning Capacity (MW) LITHUANIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 34 0Coal 0Brown Coal 0Oil 0Natural Gas 34 0Derived Gas 0Multifuels 0 0



Other Renewables 52 68Not Specified 0

Total 855 68

Table 3.2.1.18 Commissioning Capacity (MW) LUXEMBOURG

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 -

Fossil Fuel Fired 3 5Coal 0 -Brown Coal 0 -Oil 0 -Natural Gas 3 5Derived Gas 0 -Multifuels 0 -

Hydro 0 -Conventional 'Hydro 0 -


Other Renewables 2 21Not Specified 0 -

Total 5 26

2009-180-0004 October 2009 104

Table 3.2.1.19 Commissioning Capacity (MW) LATVIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0





Total 0 0

Table 3.2.1.20 Commissioning Capacity (MW) MALTA

Nuclear - -Fossil Fuel Fired - -

Coal - -Brown Coal - -Oil - -Natural Gas - -Derived Gas - -Multifuels - -




Total - -

Table 3.2.1.21 Commissioning Capacity (MW) NETHERLANDS

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0





Total 1,075 1,491

2009-180-0004 October 2009 105

Table 3.2.1.22 Commissioning Capacity (MW) POLAND

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -

Fossil Fuel Fired - 870Coal - 430Brown Coal - 440Oil - 0Natural Gas - 0Derived Gas - 0Multifuels - 0

Hydro - 0Conventional 'Hydro - 0

of which Run of River - 0Pumped and Mixed - 0


Total 147 1,668

Table 3.2.1.23 Commissioning Capacity (MW) PORTUGAL

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 -

Fossil Fuel Fired 12 1,067Coal 0 0Brown Coal 0 0Oil 5 0Natural Gas 7 1,067Derived Gas 0 0Multifuels 50 -



Other Renewables 503 1,843Not Specified 0 0

Total 519 2,954

Table 3.2.1.24 Commissioning Capacity (MW) ROMANIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 650 0





Total 657 292

2009-180-0004 October 2009 106

Table 3.2.1.25 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SWEDEN

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 76 -

Fossil Fuel Fired - -Coal - -Brown Coal - -Oil - -Natural Gas - 448Derived Gas - -Multifuels - -

Hydro 40 -Conventional 'Hydro 40 -



Total 350 808

Table 3.2.1.26 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SLOVENIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -





Total - -

Table 3.2.1.27 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SLOVAKIA

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -





Total - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 107

Table 3.2.1.28 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SWITZERLAND

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0





Total 46 125

Table 3.2.1.29 Commissioning Capacity (MW) NORWAY

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear 0 0


Hydro 0 638Conventional 'Hydro 0

of which Run of RiverPumped and Mixed 0


Total 0 1,382

Table 3.2.1.30 Commissioning Capacity (MW) TURKEY

2007 2008 - 2009Nuclear - -

Fossil Fuel Fired -150 310CoalBrown Coal 1Oil -354 3Natural Gas 203 307Derived GasMultifuels - -


of which Run of RiverPumped and Mixed

Other Renewables 88 241Not Specified

Total 270 985

2009-180-0004 October 2009 108

3.3 Electricity production 3.3.1 Annual production

Table 3.3.1A.1 Annual Electricity Production by Primary

Energy (TWh) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Fossil Fuel Fired 11.2 15.2 15.1 21.5 20.6 20.8 23.4 42.6

of which multifuels 0 0 0 0Coal 0 3.7 4.1Brown Coal 2.4 2.3 1.1Oil 4.9 1.7 1.5Natural Gas 3.6 6.8 7.5Derived Gas 0.3 0.7 0.9

Hydro 28.9 32.3 43.3 34.5 35.5 36.3 41.4 43.3Conventional 'Hydro 20.5 23.3 31.0 24.0 24.5 25.0 28.5of which Run of River 20.5 23.3 31.0 24.0 24.5 25.0 28.5Hydro Pumped and Mixed 8.4 9.0 12.3 10.5 11.0 11.2 12.8

Other Renewables 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.7SolarGeothermalWind (All)of which Wind Onshore

Wind OffshoreBiogasBiomassWasteOther (Wave/Tidal etc)Not Specified 0Total 40.7 48.8 60.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 71.9 85.9 *Multifuels are included in the corresponding monofuels. *Pumped & Mixed= storage power capacity *Total Other Renewables are included in Conventional Thermal Total and Not Specified *Hydro forecast data correspond to average productibility values *Biogas, Biomass, Waste, Refuse Derived Fuel and MSW/Industrial are also partly included in Conventional Thermal

and Not Specified

2009-180-0004 October 2009 109

Table 3.3.1A.2 Annual Electricity Production by Primary Energy (TWh)

BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 11.9 40.5 45.7 44.3 45.9 44.9 31.1 55.0

Fossil Fuel Fired 38.0 25.1 31.5 32.5 33.3 38.7 52.4 36.5of which multifuels

Coal 12.2 16.2 12.4 6.6 6.3 9.0 9.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 17.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1Natural Gas 5.6 5.1 15.4 22.2 24.5 26.6 40.3Derived Gas 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0

Hydro 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.4Conventional 'Hydro 0.1 0.1of which Run of RiverHydro Pumped and Mixed 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0

Other Renewables 0 0 0.8 3.3 3.5 2.9 4.3 19.4Solar 0.0Geothermal 0 0 0Wind (All) 0.4 0.4 1.3 2.1 14.5of which Wind Onshore

Wind Offshore 0 0.8 1.4BiogasBiomass 3.0 0.6 1.2 4.9Waste 1.1 1.0 1.0Other (Wave/Tidal etc)Not Specified 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 0 0 0Total 51.0 67.2 80.2 81.9 85.1 87.8 89.1 111.3


BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 5.7 13.5 16.8 18.1 13.6 13.8 28.4 43.0

Fossil Fuel Fired 21.8 22.2 17.1 18.8 22.4 26.6 30.0 35.7of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 7.4 6.8 2.0 2.9 4.1 4.6 4.5 0.4Brown Coal 9.4 11.2 12.3 13.7 14.5 17.7 19.4 24.8Oil 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Natural Gas 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.7 3.3 3.8 5.6 10.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 3.7 1.8 2.9 4.5 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.2Conventional 'Hydro 3.7 1.7 2.6 3.9 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.6of which Run of River 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 1.6 4.9 6.8Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.6 4.9 6.8of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.6 4.9 6.8

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 31.2 37.5 36.8 41.6 39.5 44.7 66.5 88.7

2009-180-0004 October 2009 110


CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 4.7 0.5 0.7Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 8.1 10.8Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0Solar 0 0 0 0 0.0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0 0.3of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.3

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 5.4 8.6 11.5


CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 11.8 12.7 24.5 24.6 25.9 25.9 35.0


Coal 6.8 5.6 6.6 7.2 7.0 7.7 7.7 7.0Brown Coal 37.3 38.0 42.6 41.2 45.0 40.0 39.2 40.0Oil 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0Natural Gas 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.7 1.8 2.0 2.0Derived Gas 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0

Hydro 2.4 1.4 2.3 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0Conventional 'Hydro 1.9 1.0 1.7 2.5 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.5of which Run of River 1.4 0.6 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.1Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 1.5 1.5 4.0Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.5 1.5 4.0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 4.0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 7.9 0Total 48.7 58.1 67.7 77.7 81.3 83.9 87.9 91.0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 111


GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 41.0 139.0 160.7 158.7 133.2 150.0 41.0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 276.0 247.0 328.6 356.1 369.4 347.0 382.0 368.0of which multifuels 42.8 35.9 39.2 37.0 36.5

Coal 105.0 129.0 131.2 126.8 130.8 115.0 110.0 95.0Brown Coal 87.0 75.0 136.1 138.5 142.3 135.0 130.0 125.0Oil 25.0 9.0 5.4 9.5 8.6 8.5 6.0 4.0Natural Gas 59.0 34.0 47.0 70.8 73.4 80.0 130.0 140.0Derived Gas - - 8.9 10.5 11.0 8.5 6.0 4.0

Hydro 18.0 21.0 29.0 26.4 27.6 27.0 31.5 33.0Conventional 'Hydro 16.0 18.0 25.2 19.8 20.9 20.0 22.0 22.0of which Run of River 16.0 18.0 21.3Hydro Pumped and Mixed 2.0 3.0 3.8 6.6 6.7 7.0 9.5 11.0

Other Renewables 0 0 14.3 53.3 68.7 75.6 130.2 158.0Solar 0 0 0 2.2 3.1 4.5 7.0 9.0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 4.0Wind (All) 0 0 9.5 30.7 39.7 43.5 76.0 92.0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 9.5 30.7 39.7 43.0 46.0 47.0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 30.0 45.0Biogas 0 0 0.5 5.9 7.8 7.0 14.0 16.0Biomass 0 0 0.6 9.0 11.0 12.0 22.0 25.0Waste 0 0 3.7 5.5 7.1 8.5 10.0 12.0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 12.0 11.0 5.9 2.7 3.3 0 0 0Total 347.0 418.0 538.5 597.2 598.9 599.6 584.7 559.0


DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 20.8 29.4 16.2 26.1 21.8 13.0 9.9 7.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 3.1 0.8 4.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Natural Gas 0 0.2 10.3 9.3 7.0 12.0 14.0 14.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 14.3 6.1 7.2 9.9 16.5 23.2Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 9.5 6.1 7.2 9.9 16.5 23.2of which Wind Onshore 0 0 9.5 4.7 5.8 6.9 8.1 9.3

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 1.4 1.4 3.0 8.4 13.9Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 23.9 30.8 35.2 42.9 37.0 34.2 38.2 43.8

2009-180-0004 October 2009 112


ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 8.5 9.7 12.2 16.2of which multifuels 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 0.1 0.1 0.1Natural Gas 0.5 0.5 0.4Derived Gas 0.1 0.2 0.2

Hydro 0 0 0 1.0Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0.1 0.1 0.1Solar 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0.1 0.1of which Wind Onshore 0 0.1 0.1

Wind Offshore 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0Not Specified 7.7 8.8 11.4 0Total 17.2 15.4 16.3 18.6 23.7 17.2


SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4.9 51.7 59.7 57.7 52.9 58.6 58.6 77.8

Fossil Fuel Fired 72.6 74.2 117.7 176.2 184.9 188.7 233.4 243.2of which multifuels 2.8 3.0 4.1 2.2 0.6 0.5 0 0

Coal 22.3 45.9 62.0 53.2 57.7 51.2 24.9 20.4Brown Coal 7.4 10.9 13.5 12.2 13.0 0 0 0Oil 36.7 8.0 22.5 19.4 17.5 18.7 19.7 23.3Natural Gas 3.4 4.1 19.6 91.4 96.8 118.8 188.9 199.5Derived Gas - - - 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 30.4 26.2 31.4 29.1 30.1 39.4 42.1 44.2Conventional 'Hydro 27.8 21.3 28.0 25.5 27.1 34.9 36.7 38.5of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 1.3 0.7 3.4 3.7 3.0 4.4 5.4 5.8

Other Renewables 0 0 6.3 27.6 32.7 40.9 78.6 108.3Solar 0 0 0 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.8 3.0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 4.7 23.2 27.5 34.1 64.1 85.7of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2Biomass 0 0 0.2 1.6 1.5 3.0 9.0 14.9Waste 0 0 1.4 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.5Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0Not SpecifiedTotal 105.1 146.8 215.1 290.7 300.7 327.6 412.7 473.6

2009-180-0004 October 2009 113


FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 6.6 18.1 21.6 22.0 22.5 22.5 47.4 56.4


Coal 11.4 9.0 8.2 15.2 13.0 10.5 6.9 5.0Brown Coal 0.7 2.8 3.5 6.2 6.9 5.7 5.2 5.2Oil 4.2 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5Natural Gas 1.7 4.4 8.4 11.9 10.2 13.1 18.2 16.5Derived Gas

Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 11.3 14.0 13.5 13.9 14.4Conventional 'Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 11.3 14.0 13.5 13.9 14.4of which Run of RiverHydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 3.4 4.4 8.2 10.3 9.6 11.0 17.1 13.0Solar 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 4.5 7.5of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1Biomass 3.4 4.4 8.0 10.0 9.1Waste 0.1 0.2 0.3Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.8Total 38.7 51.6 67.3 78.6 77.8 78.4 111.1 120.6


FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 57.9 297.9 395.2 428.7 418.6 430.3 447.2 477.3

Fossil Fuel Fired 118.9 44.3 48.0 29.7 55.0 28.4 28.5 58.7of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 59.6 29.3 25.8 21.7 17.7 12.2Brown Coal 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0Oil 45.2 7.2 7.9 3.1 1.8 1.1Natural Gas 5.9 2.8 10.9 4.9 8.9 15.2Derived Gas 7.6 4.6 3.4

Hydro 69.8 57.2 71.0 61.0 63.2 70.7 73.9 95.5Conventional 'Hydro 68.7 53.2 66.2of which Run of River 42.1 31.8 36.5Hydro Pumped and Mixed 1.1 4.0 4.8

Other Renewables 0.6 0.6 2.6 5.6 7.9 14.6 47.9Solar 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.1 2.3 4.0 9.7 36.7of which Wind Onshore 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0Biogas 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0Waste 0 0 1.9Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.6 1.1 3.3 4.9 11.2Not Specified 0 0 0 24.1 23.2 23.8 0Total 247.2 400.0 516.8 549.1 544.7 567.2 621.3 631.5

2009-180-0004 October 2009 114


UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 32.3 58.7 78.3 69.2 57.2 49.2 36.1 66.5

Fossil Fuel Fired 228.9 233.6 269.8 288.3 297.5 308.8 330.3 285.7of which multifuels 20.0 22.0 30.0 33.0 30.8 30.8 17.6 17.6

Coal 203.9 209.1 114.7 142.7 129.4 126.9 93.3 50.1

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 22.7 20.5 5.9 4.5 4.1 3.6 1.0 0.2Natural Gas 0.3 2.0 145.0 138.1 161.1 178.7 236.0 235.4Derived Gas 2.0 2.0 4.2 3.4 2.9 0 0 0

Hydro 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.3 8.9 9.3 9.6 9.6Conventional 'Hydro 4.0 5.2 5.1 4.6 5.0 5.5 5.8 5.8of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 1.1 1.9 2.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Other Renewables 0 0.7 5.0 13.8 14.8 21.7 65.9 95.0Solar 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.9 4.2 5.3 11.4 42.5 70.6of which Wind Onshore 0 0 1.0 3.6 4.5 9.5 23.7 29.1

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0.7 0.8 1.9 18.7 41.5Biogas 0 0.5 2.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.1Biomass 0 0 0.5 3.4 2.9 3.4 15.7 15.7Waste 0 0.2 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.4Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.6 378.4 389.2 441.9 456.8


GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 9.0 23.0 30.9 29.2 31.1 30.4 29.4Oil 8.9 7.1 8.7 8.1 8.2 6.5 2.6Natural Gas 5.6 10.2 13.2 15.5 25.2Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 3.4 2.0 4.1 6.5 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.0Conventional 'Hydro 3.4 1.7 3.3 5.3 2.0 2.9 3.6of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.5

Other Renewables 0 0.2 0.6 1.8 2.3 4.7 13.9 13.0Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.1 12.3of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.1 12.3

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3BiomassWaste 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Other (Wave/Tidal etc)Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 21.3 32.1 49.9 55.7 57.9 60.9 75.1 88.1

2009-180-0004 October 2009 115


HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 13.7 14.1 12.7 13.8 14.1 14.1 15.0


Coal 0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 3.5 7.0Brown Coal 12.0 7.8 8.4 5.2 6.5 5.7 5.5 5.0Oil 5.9 1.0 4.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5Natural Gas 5.9 4.8 7.1 12.2 13.5 11.4 15.7 19.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3Conventional 'Hydro 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3of which Run of River 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0

Other Renewables 0 0 0.1 1.6 1.5 2.8 4.9 6.8Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.7of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.7

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3Biomass 0 0 0 1.5 1.2 2.2 3.0 4.0Waste 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 23.9 28.5 35.2 33.3 37.1 39.2 47.6 52.6


IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 8.9 12.5 21.3 22.9 23.6 27.6 34.3 31.1of which multifuels 0 1.8 2.6 0 0

Coal 0.1 5.5 6.4 6.5 6.5Brown Coal 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.6 2.6Oil 5.3 1.5 4.4 0.7 0.7Natural Gas 2.0 3.5 8.9 17.8 24.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2Conventional 'Hydro 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8of which Run of RiverHydro Pumped and Mixed 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Other Renewables 0.3 1.9 2.7 3.6 5.4 6.4Solar 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0.2 1.8 3.3 5.0of which Wind Onshore 0.2 3.0 3.8

Wind Offshore 0.3 1.3Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4Biomass 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 10.0 13.5 22.7 25.9 27.5 32.4 40.9 38.7

2009-180-0004 October 2009 116


ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 125.6 167.1 205.6 243.9 247.5 235.9 291.6 427.6of which multifuels 62.5 83.5 205.6 46.3 32.3 45.3

Coal 12.5 28.8 23.9 49.0 59.3 81.0Brown Coal 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 0Oil 100.0 96.7 83.2 19.0 18.7 28.4Natural Gas 8.7 36.7 93.5 162.1 210.6 311.8Derived Gas 3.2 4.0 5.0 5.8 6.0 6.4

Hydro 46.4 34.6 50.2 42.8 38.0 53.0 58.2 58.8Conventional 'Hydro 43.1 29.8 43.7 46.0 50.1 50.0of which Run of River 8.6 10.5 15.6 19.6 23.3 23.6Hydro Pumped and Mixed 3.3 4.8 6.5 7.0 8.1 8.8

Other Renewables 2.6 3.5 7.5 14.5 15.8 24.2 43.1 62.5Solar 0 0 0 0.4 2.1 5.0Geothermal 2.6 3.1 4.4 5.1 6.0 6.4Wind (All) 0 0 0.6 3.0 4.0 6.2 11.4 16.2of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6Biogas 0 0 0.5 1.6 1.9 2.1Biomass 0 0.1 0.6 5.0 12.6 20.0Waste 0 0.1 0.7 4.9 7.8 10.3Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0.2 0.7 1.0 1.3 2.6Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 176.7 205.2 263.3 301.2 301.3 313.1 392.9 548.9


LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 15.7 7.4 7.9 7.1 0 12.0 24.0


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 10.3 4.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4Natural Gas 0.3 5.5 1.4 2.5 2.5 9.4 10.7 6.7Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9Conventional 'Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.7Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.4of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 11.0 26.3 10.0 11.4 10.9 10.8 25.3 33.7

2009-180-0004 October 2009 117


LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0.2 0 0.4 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.8 4.2Derived Gas 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1Conventional 'Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Other Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.2 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6


LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.3 5.4 7.0of which multifuels 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.4Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Natural Gas 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.2 3.8 5.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2Conventional 'Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2of which Run of River 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.2Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2Biogas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 4.6 6.4 4.1 4.6 4.4 5.3 9.4 11.4

2009-180-0004 October 2009 118


MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 1.9 2.3 2.3of which multifuels 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 1.9 2.3 2.3Natural Gas 0 0 0Derived Gas 0 0 0

Hydro 0 0 0Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0Solar 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0Total 1.9 2.3 2.3


NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 17.5


Coal 7.0 25.1 29.2 21.3 24.6 22.1 41.8 40.8Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 23.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Natural Gas 23.7 37.2 48.0 59.1 58.5 61.1 61.7 78.1Derived Gas 2.0 1.9 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 6.2 6.2

Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Conventional 'Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1of which Run of River 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 1.3 7.1 9.5 13.8 23.9 25.2Solar 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1GeothermalWind (All) 0.8 2.7 3.4 5.3 13.5 13.5of which Wind Onshore 0.8 2.7 3.1 4.2 6.0 6.0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0.3 1.1 7.5 7.5Biogas 0.1Biomass 0.2 3.3 4.0 5.2 6.0 7.4Waste 0.4 1.0 2.0 3.3 4.3 4.3Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 59.7 68.8 85.8 94.9 101.0 105.2 138.0 168.2

2009-180-0004 October 2009 119


POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Coal 86.1 71.2 82.3 91.3 91.2 85.2 103.5 132.3Brown Coal 21.9 48.2 45.9 49.6 47.4 59.5 52.8 49.4Oil 2.1 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 1.0 4.8 4.7 5.0 18.4 24.7Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Other Renewables 0 0 0 0.6 0.7 2.8 4.8 5.7Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.0 0.3 0.3 2.3 4.2 5.0of which Wind Onshore

Wind OffshoreBiogas 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 113.4 123.1 133.2 149.3 146.8 156.3 183.5 216.5


PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 6.9 18.2 29.5 30.7 28.9 30.3 29.9 38.3of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 0 0

Coal 0.6 8.7 13.7 14.1 11.7 9.6 4.5 5.6Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 6.3 9.5 9.2 4.8 4.5 2.6 2.6 2.5Natural Gas 0 0 6.6 11.8 12.7 18.0 22.7 30.3Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Other Renewables 0 0 0.9 4.9 6.2 11.9 26.5 29.5Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 3.4 3.6Geothermal 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Wind (All) 0 0 0.2 2.9 4.0 8.6 16.9 19.3of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.2 2.9 4.0 8.6 15.7 16.1

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 3.3Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.0 1.0Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.5 1.5Waste 0 0 0.6 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.4Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 1.4Not Specified 0 0 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5Total 14.8 27.3 42.2 47.6 46.0 54.1 71.6 84.2

The figures refer to electricity + heat production.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 120


ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 5.1 5.2 7.1 10.1 18.4 23.1


Coal 7.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.8 2.1 4.3 10.7Brown Coal 13.1 14.6 13.8 20.2 18.8 19.2 13.0 14.3Oil 5.8 9.0 2.5 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.3 0.2Natural Gas 23.2 18.3 7.0 9.1 9.4 4.8 9.8 10.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 18.0 15.6 16.0 17.6 17.9Conventional 'Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 18.0 15.6 16.0 17.2 17.4of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.5

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 6.1 8.1Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.5 5.9 7.7of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.5 5.9 7.7

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 61.5 56.7 47.1 57.4 56.4 54.0 69.3 84.3


SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 25.3 65.2 54.8 65.0 64.3 71.9 75.4 52.9


Coal 0.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0 0Brown Coal 0 0.1 0 0.4 0.4 0 0 0Oil 9.3 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8Natural Gas 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.9 2.9Derived Gas 0 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Hydro 58.1 71.4 77.8 61.1 65.6 67.0 68.4 69.7Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0.5 1.7 4.5 9.3 9.7 12.5 26.3 39.3Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.4 3.0 15.0 25.0of which Wind Onshore

Wind OffshoreBiogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0.2 0.8 1.8 4.9 4.7 5.5 7.0 9.5Waste 0.3 0.9 2.3 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.8Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not SpecifiedTotal 93.4 141.7 141.7 140.2 144.7 155.7 174.3 166.0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 121


SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.9 6.1 3.1

Fossil Fuel Fired 3.8 4.0 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.8 8.0 11.6of which multifuels 0

Coal 3.7 3.9 4.4 0.5 0.5 0.5Brown Coal 0 0 0 4.4 6.0 10.4Oil 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0.1 0.7 1.3 0.7Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.2Conventional 'Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.9of which Run of River 0 0 0Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.0 1.6Solar 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0Biogas 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0Total 7.0 11.2 12.6 13.1 13.1 15.2 19.0 21.7


SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4.2 11.2 15.2 16.6 14.2 15.8 15.8 20.1

Fossil Fuel Fired 12.1 8.8 8.5 8.0 7.1 10.7 14.7 29.5of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 4.2 3.6 2.6 2.3 2.3Brown Coal 3.5 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.6Oil 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3Natural Gas 3.9 2.1 3.2 6.4 10.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 2.3 2.5 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 5.4Conventional 'Hydro 2.1 2.3 4.7 4.1 4.1of which Run of RiverHydro Pumped and Mixed 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Other Renewables TWh 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 0.7Solar TWh 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal TWh 0 0 0 0.1 0.1Wind (All) TWh 0 0 0 0 0 0.1of which Wind Onshore TWh 0 0 0 0 0.1

Wind Offshore TWh 0 0 0 0 0Biogas TWh 0 0 0 0 0Biomass TWh 0 0 0 0.4 0.5Waste TWh 0 0 0 0 0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) TWh 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 18.6 22.5 28.7 29.0 26.1 31.4 35.6 55.7

2009-180-0004 October 2009 122


SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 13.7 22.3 24.9 26.2 26.3 24.4 21.4 28.0

Fossil Fuel Fired 0.7 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6of which multifuels

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0.1 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0.6 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Other Renewables 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.9 3.5Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Biogas 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 2.8Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2Not Specified 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 48.2 54.1 65.3 62.1 65.9 65.2 68.7 78.3


NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 0 1.1 1.4 4.7 10.5 15.5of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 4.7 10.5 15.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydro 83.1 120.3 141.1 119.9 135.0 121.5 122.7 125.5Conventional 'Hydro 82.4 118.8 139.6 120.0 121.2 123.3of which Run of RiverHydro Pumped and Mixed 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.2

Other Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.7 0.9 3.1 5.1 8.0Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0Wind (All) 0 0 0.0 0.7 0.9 3.0 5.0 7.9of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.0 0.7 0.9 3.0 4.3 6.5

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0.7 1.4Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4Total 83.2 120.8 141.8 121.7 137.4 129.6 138.7 149.3

2009-180-0004 October 2009 123


TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.6

Fossil Fuel Fired 11.8 34.3 93.8 131.6 154.9 179.7 333.3of which multifuels 2.2 16.1 19.6 20.2

Coal 0.9 0.6 3.1 13.2 14.0 11.7 42.3Brown Coal 5.0 19.6 34.4 32.4 38.3 54.3 118.0Oil 5.9 3.9 9.3 4.3 6.5 6.9 6.3Natural Gas 10.2 46.2 80.7 95.0 106.8 166.7Derived Gas 0.8 1.0 1.1

Hydro 11.4 23.1 30.9 44.3 35.9 57.3 109.8Conventional 'Hydro 11.4 23.1 30.9 44.3 35.9 57.3 109.8of which Run of River - - - - - - -Hydro Pumped and Mixed - - - - - - -

Other Renewables 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 5.0 8.5SolarGeothermal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Wind (All) 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 4.9 8.4of which Wind Onshore

Wind OffshoreBiogasBiomassWaste 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2Other (Wave/Tidal etc)Not SpecifiedTotal 23.3 57.5 124.9 176.3 191.6 242.0 483.2


EU-27

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 195.9 744.7 895.8 939.2 884.6 917.0 861.5 966.7

Fossil Fuel Fired 1,293.0 1,258.0 1,527.3 1,713.1 1,779.1 1,738.8 1,994.0 2,229.8of which multifuels 160.6 176.6 290.8 82.2 78.7 91.0 59.8 69.3

Coal 570.9 636.9 552.1 534.8 504.1 534.5 506.1 464.2Brown Coal 207.0 239.7 311.9 316.4 325.9 321.9 304.7 274.1Oil 341.3 186.6 171.6 64.2 56.4 73.2 58.7 63.3Natural Gas 151.6 171.8 452.2 466.2 497.4 764.6 1,079.9 1,122.6Derived Gas 19.4 17.7 31.3 22.2 22.1 21.9 22.1 18.0


Other Renewables 7.1 11.1 66.9 165.8 197.6 261.9 530.3 629.7Solar 0 0 0 2.4 3.7 5.9 15.5 20.9Geothermal 2.6 3.1 4.5 0.1 0.2 5.4 7.6 11.2Wind (All) 0 0 27.6 80.4 99.9 148.5 335.9 395.0of which Wind Onshore 0 0 21.8 46.5 59.7 84.4 130.9 129.4

Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 2.1 2.5 7.6 68.5 111.8Biogas 0 0.5 3.7 11.2 13.6 15.1 24.5 27.3Biomass 3.6 5.3 11.9 37.1 34.9 37.9 79.5 104.8Waste 0.3 1.4 13.7 16.3 19.5 28.5 35.2 40.1Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.8 1.8 3.3 0 6.0 13.7 4.5Not Specified 12.9 11.8 15.1 37.8 17.1 28.6 34.2 2.3Total 1,834.9 2,340.9 2,878.0 3,194.3 3,213.1 3,319.1 3,821.4 4,266.4

2009-180-0004 October 2009 124


EU-30

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 209.6 767.0 920.7 965.4 910.9 941.4 914.5 994.7

Fossil Fuel Fired 1,304.8 1,293.0 1,622.8 1,848.0 1,937.0 1,925.6 2,341.0 2,248.9of which multifuels 160.6 178.8 306.9 101.8 98.9 91.0 59.8 69.3

Coal 571.8 637.5 555.2 548.0 518.1 546.2 548.4 464.2Brown Coal 212.0 259.3 346.3 348.8 364.2 376.2 422.7 274.1Oil 347.2 190.6 181.0 68.8 62.9 80.1 65.0 63.3Natural Gas 151.6 182.6 500.0 548.8 594.0 878.5 1,260.3 1,141.7Derived Gas 19.4 17.7 32.1 23.2 23.2 21.9 22.1 18.0


Other Renewables 7.2 11.6 68.0 168.0 200.9 271.2 545.8 641.2Solar 0 0 0 2.4 3.7 5.9 15.5 21.0Geothermal 2.6 3.2 4.6 0.2 0.4 5.5 7.7 11.2Wind (All) 0 0 27.6 81.2 101.2 156.4 349.2 402.9of which Wind Onshore 0 0 21.8 47.2 60.6 87.3 135.2 135.9

Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 2.1 2.5 7.6 69.2 113.2Biogas 0 0.6 3.8 11.3 13.8 15.3 24.7 27.7Biomass 3.6 5.3 11.9 37.1 34.9 37.9 79.5 104.8Waste 0.4 1.7 14.6 17.5 21.0 29.6 36.8 43.0Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.8 1.8 3.3 0.1 6.1 13.8 4.7Not Specified 14.0 12.2 15.7 37.8 17.1 29.0 34.6 2.7Total 1,989.6 2,573.3 3,210.0 3,554.4 3,608.0 3,755.9 4,512.0 4,494.0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 125

Table 3.3.1B. Annual Electricity Production by Technology (TWh)

AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 8.4 10.4 2.4Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 21.5 20.6 20.8 23.4Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0Hydro 28.9 32.3 43.3 34.5 35.5 36.3 41.4Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.7New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0Not Specified 3.4 6.1 14.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.4Total 40.7 48.8 60.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 71.9

Table 3.3.1B.2 Annual Electricity Production by Technology (TWh)

BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 11.9 40.5 45.7 44.3 45.8 44.9 31.1 -Steam Thermal Units - - 18.3 - - 16.8 17.1 -Gas Turbine Units - - 0.6 - - 0.7 1.7 -Combined Cycle Units - - 13.3 - - 21.9 34.9 -Internal Combustion Units - - 0.5 - - 0.9 0.9 -Hydro 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 -Non-fuel Renewables 0 0.4 0 - - 1.3 2.1 -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 38.3 25.3 0 - - 0 0 -Total 51.0 67.1 80.1 - - 87.8 89.1 -


BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 5.7 13.5 16.8 18.1 13.6 13.8 28.4 43.0Steam Thermal Units 21.7 22.2 17.1 18.8 22.4 26.6 28.8 29.7Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 6.0Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 3.7 1.8 2.9 4.5 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.2Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 1.6 4.9 6.8New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 31.2 37.5 36.8 41.6 39.5 44.7 66.5 88.7

2009-180-0004 October 2009 126


CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 1.0 2.0 3.3 4.3 4.7 4.7 1.4 1.8Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 7.2 9.7Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 - -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 5.1 8.6 11.5


CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 11.8 12.7 24.5 24.6 25.9 25.9 35.0Steam Thermal Units 44.1 43.6 50.2 46.8 50.0 49.0 50.8 40.0Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 3.2 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.5Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 2.4 1.4 2.3 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.5 4.0New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5Not Specified 2.2 1.3 2.5 0.1 0 3.3 3.5 6.0Total 48.7 58.1 67.7 77.9 81.3 83.9 87.9 91.0


GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 41.0 139.0 160.7 158.7 133.2 150.0 41.0 0Steam Thermal Units - - 293.0 308.0 324.0 300.0 301.0 285.0Gas Turbine Units - - 6.0 8.3 8.5 9.0 10.5 11.0Combined Cycle Units - - 37.0 56.0 57.0 60.0 110.0 120.0Internal Combustion Units - - 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5Hydro 18.0 21.0 29.0 26.4 27.6 27.0 31.5 33.0Non-fuel Renewables - - 9.5 32.9 42.8 48.1 84.2 105.0New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified - - 2.9 6.2 5.0 4.5 5.3 3.5Total 347.0 418.0 538.5 597.2 598.9 599.6 584.7 559.0


DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 23.9 30.4 30.7 36.8 29.8 28.0 26.9 24.0Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Non-fuel Renewables 0 0.4 4.5 6.1 7.2 9.9 14.2 20.6New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 23.9 30.8 35.2 42.9 37.0 37.9 41.1 44.6

2009-180-0004 October 2009 127


ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 - 0 0 0 - - -Steam Thermal Units - - 7.6 8.7 11.4 - - -Gas Turbine Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Combined Cycle Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Internal Combustion Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Hydro - - 0 0 0 - - -Non-fuel Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - 0 0 0 - - -Not Specified - - 0 0 0 - - -Total - - 7.6 8.7 11.4 - - -


SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4.9 51.7 59.7 57.7 52.9 58.6 58.6 77.8Steam Thermal Units 68.9 64.3 109.2 101.9 105.7 90.0 73.3 80.0Gas Turbine Units 0 0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.3 4.7Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 64.5 69.5 88.2 148.6 147.9Internal Combustion Units 0.9 4.6 7.0 8.4 8.4 9.2 9.3 10.8Hydro 30.4 26.2 31.4 29.1 30.1 39.4 42.1 44.2Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 6.3 27.6 32.7 40.9 78.6 108.2New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified - - - - - - - -Total 105.1 146.8 215.1 290.7 300.7 327.6 412.7 473.6

Table 3.3.1B.10 Annual Electricity Production by

Technology (TWh) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 6.6 18.1 21.6 22.0 22.5 22.5 47.4 56.4Steam Thermal Units 22.0 22.7 31.2 33.9 - 41.6 45.3 42.3Gas Turbine Units - - - 2.2 - - - -Combined Cycle Units - - - 8.8 - - - -Internal Combustion Units - - - 0.2 - - - -Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 11.3 14.0 13.5 13.9 14.4Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.2 - 0.8 4.5 7.5New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified - - - - - - - -Total 38.7 51.6 67.3 78.6 77.8 78.4 111.1 120.6


FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 57.9 297.9 395.2 428.7 418.6 430.3 447.2 -Steam Thermal Units 118.9 - - - - - - -Gas Turbine Units - - - - - - - -Combined Cycle Units - - - 4.9 - - -Internal Combustion Units - - - - - - - -Hydro 69.8 57.2 71.0 61.0 63.2 70.7 73.9 -Non-fuel Renewables 0.6 0.6 0.7 5.6 7.9 - - -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 0 44.3 49.9 48.9 55.0 - - -Total 247.2 400.0 516.8 549.1 544.7 567.2 621.3 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 128


UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 32.3 58.7 78.3 69.2 57.2 52.7 38.6 71.1Steam Thermal Units 228.9 233.5 145.1 166.0 153.8 149.6 115.1 65.6Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0.3 126.4 127.4 148.5 161.5 229.3 224.4Internal Combustion Units 0 0.5 2.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.1Hydro 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.3 8.9 9.3 9.6 9.6Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 1.0 4.2 5.3 11.5 44.2 80.4New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.6 378.4 389.2 441.9 456.8


GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Steam Thermal Units 16.6 28.5 38.6 35.5 33.5 32.8 29.8 -Gas Turbine Units 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.5 -Combined Cycle Units 0 0 4.1 9.3 11.9 15.4 24.3 -Internal Combustion Units 0.5 1.0 2.1 2.4 6.6 3.0 2.6 -Hydro 3.4 2.0 4.1 6.5 3.2 3.8 4.0 -Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.7 13.9 -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Total 21.3 32.1 49.9 55.7 57.9 60.9 75.1 -


HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 13,7 14,1 12,7 13,8 14,1 14,1 15,0Steam Thermal Units 23,8 14,6 17,2 11,9 12,7 12,0 13,0 15,0Gas Turbine Units 0 0 1,1 0,3 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,8Combined Cycle Units 0 0 2,6 6,5 7,5 6,2 12,6 18,7Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 1,7 2,3 2,3 2,0 1,8Hydro 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0,1 0,5 1,7 2,5New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 23,9 28,5 35,2 33,3 37,1 36,1 44,5 54,1


IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Steam Thermal Units 8.1 11.6 16.6 - - 9.6 10.3 -Gas Turbine Units 0 0.1 0.3 - - 0.1 0.1 -Combined Cycle Units 0.8 0.8 3.8 - - 17.0 22.8 -Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0.1 - - 0.3 0.4 -Hydro 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 - 1.2 1.2 -Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.2 - - 3.3 5.0 -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 0 0 0.6 - - 0.9 1.1 -Total 10.0 13.5 22.7 - - 32.4 40.9 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 129


ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 124.5 163.6 145.5 - - 69.7 85.8 129.8Gas Turbine Units 1.0 2.4 16.7 - - 14.8 18.5 22.6Combined Cycle Units 0 0.7 42.8 - - 159.5 205.3 302.1Internal Combustion Units 0.1 0.6 2.4 - - 3.4 4.3 5.4Hydro 46.4 34.6 50.2 42.8 38.0 53.0 58.2 58.8Non-fuel Renewables 2.6 3.3 5.7 - - 12.7 20.8 30.2New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Total 176.7 205.2 263.3 - - 313.1 392.9 548.9


LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 15.7 7.4 7.9 7.1 0 12.0 24.0Steam Thermal Units 10.6 10.2 2.0 2.7 2.7 9.8 6.4 2.4Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0 5.0Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.4New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 11.0 26.3 10.0 11.4 10.9 10.8 25.3 33.7


LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gas Turbine Units 0.7 0.5 0.4 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.4Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.1 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.6


LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 2.9 2.9Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.7Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0.7 0.7 1.4 2.4 3.9Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 4.6 6.4 4.1 4.6 4.4 5.3 9.4 11.4

2009-180-0004 October 2009 130


MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 - 0 0 0 - - -Steam Thermal Units - - 1.6 2.0 2.1 - - -Gas Turbine Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Combined Cycle Units - - 0.3 0.3 0.2 - - -Internal Combustion Units - - 0 0 0 - - -Hydro - - 0 0 0 - - -Non-fuel Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - 0 0 0 - - -Not Specified - - 0 0 0 - - -Total - - 1.9 2.3 2.3 - - -


NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 17.5Steam Thermal Units 37.6 19.3 32.8 39.4 41.8 37.1 50.5 53.7Gas Turbine Units 1.0 1.0 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.6 6.4Combined Cycle Units 17.0 44.0 36.1 33.0 31.2 35.2 42.4 50.6Internal Combustion Units 0.1 0.1 5.2 6.0 8.6 9.1 11.4 14.7Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Non-fuel Renewables 0 1.0 1.7 7.1 9.5 13.8 23.9 25.2New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells)Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 59.7 68.8 85.8 94.9 101.0 105.2 138.0 168.2


POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 110,1 119,8 128,2 140,9 138,6 144,7 156,3 181,7Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,4 0,4Combined Cycle Units 0 0 1,0 4,8 4,7 5,0 18,0 24,3Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 3,3 3,3 4,0 3,0 2,8 3,8 4,0 4,4Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0,6 0,7 2,8 4,8 5,7New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 113,4 123,1 133,2 149,3 146,8 156,3 183,5 216,5


PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 6.0 16.8 21.2 19.7 17.1 15.4 12.8 14.0Gas Turbine Units 0.1 0 0 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3Combined Cycle Units 0 0 5.9 9.8 10.5 13.2 14.9 21.4Internal Combustion Units 0.8 1.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 4.2 6.4 7.1Hydro 7.9 9.1 11.6 11.3 10.3 11.3 14.6 15.9Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.2 3.0 4.2 9.1 21.7 24.5New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 14.8 27.3 42.2 47.6 46.0 54.1 71.6 84.2

2009-180-0004 October 2009 131


ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 5.1 5.2 7.1 10.1 18.4 23.1Steam Thermal Units 49.2 46.0 27.4 34.2 33.7 26.9 20.9 26.1Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.4Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 6.2 9.1Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 18.0 15.6 16.0 17.6 17.9Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 5.9 7.7New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 61.5 56.7 47.1 57.4 56.4 54.0 69.3 84.3


SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 25.3 65.2 54.8 65.0 64.3 71.9 75.4 52.9Steam Thermal Units 9.8 5.0 8.6 13.1 13.4 11.2 12.6 15.6

Gas Turbine Units 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 2.7 2.8 2.8Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Hydro 58.1 71.4 77.8 61.1 65.6 67.0 68.4 69.7Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.4 3.0 15.0 25.0New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 93.4 141.7 141.7 140.2 144.7 155.7 174.3 166.0


SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.9 6.1 3.1Steam Thermal Units 3.8 4.0 4.5 3.1 - - - -Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0.1 - - - - -Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 - - - - -Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 - - - - -Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.2Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 0 0 0 - - - - -Total 7.0 11.2 12.6 13.1 13.1 15.2 19.0 21.7


SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 4.2 11.2 15.2 16.6 14.2 15.8 15.8 -Steam Thermal Units 12.1 8.8 7.3 - - 6.5 6.4 -Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Combined Cycle Units 0 0 1.2 - - 4.2 8.3 -Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Hydro 2.3 2.5 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 -Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0.5 0.7 -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 0 0 0 - - - - -Total 18.6 22.5 28.7 29.0 26.1 31.4 35.6 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 132


SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 13.7 22.3 24.9 26.2 26.3 24.4 21.4 28.0Steam Thermal Units 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Gas Turbine Units - - 0 0 0 0 0 0Combined Cycle Units - - 0 0 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6Internal Combustion Units - - 1.5 2.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Hydro 33.5 30.7 37.9 32.6 36.4 37.2 42.2 43.2Non-fuel Renewables - - 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.3New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - 0 0 0 - - -Not Specified 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 48.2 54.1 65.3 62.1 65.9 65.2 68.7 78.3


NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Steam Thermal Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Gas Turbine Units - - - - - 1.7 1.7 1.7Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 - - 2.9 8.8 13.8Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Hydro 83.1 120.3 141.1 119.9 135.0 121.5 122.7 125.5Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 - - 3.0 5.0 7.9New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Not Specified 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.5Total 83.2 120.8 141.8 121.7 137.4 129.6 138.7 149.3


TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,6 -Steam Thermal Units - - 44,6 40,7 48,1 66,0 160,3 -Gas Turbine Units - - 2,4 4,7 6,3 6,9 6,3 -Combined Cycle Units - - 45,6 82,8 96,1 106,8 166,7 -Internal Combustion Units - - 1,3 3,2 4,4 0 0 -Hydro 11,4 23,1 30,9 44,3 35,9 57,3 109,8 -Non-fuel Renewables - 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,6 5,0 8,5 -New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - -Not Specified 11,9 34,3 - 0,4 0,2 - - -Total 23,3 57,5 124,9 176,3 191,6 242,0 483,2 -

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Table 3.3.2.1 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal - - - - - - - -Oil - - - - - - - -Natural Gas - - - - - - - -Renewables - - - - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - - - - - - -Total 3.4 6.1 14.5 - - 21.0 22.0 -

CHP Multifuels are included in CHP Electricity Production

Table 3.3.2.2 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 2.5 - - 2.5 2.5 -Coal - - 0 - - 0 0 -Oil - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 -Natural Gas - - 4.2 - - 6.6 9.4 -Renewables - - 0 - - 0.3 0.4 -Other Non-Renewables - - 0 - - 0 0 -Total 1.5 - 6.8 - - 9.5 12.4 -

Table 3.3.2.3 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.2Oil 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Natural Gas 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.1 3.3 2.0 3.0 3.0Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 5.8 4.8 3.4 3.8 4.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 Table 3.3.2.4 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Coal 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Oil 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -Total 0 0 0 0 - 0 - -

Table 3.3.2.5 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 11.0 15.0 17.0 17.8 17.6 17.0 17.0 17.0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 3.0Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 11.0 15.0 17.0 17.8 17.6 19.0 20.0 20.0

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Table 3.3.2.6 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal - - - 20.5 - - - -Oil - - - 2.8 - - - -Natural Gas - - - 50.0 - - - -Renewables - - - 5.5 - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - - 1.0 - - - -Total 38.0 60.0 64.5 79.8 - 98.3 143.2 - Table 3.3.2.7 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 - - 0 0 -Coal - - 11.7 - - 10.0 8.0 -Oil - - 4.0 - - 4.0 4.0 -Natural Gas - - 10.3 9.3 - 12.0 14.0 -

Renewables - - 0 - - 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables - - 0 - - 0 0 -Total 11.6 14.2 26.0 - - 26.0 26.0 - Table 3.3.2.8 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0.4 0.4 0.2 - - -Coal - - 0 0 0 - - -Oil - - 0 0 0 - - -Natural Gas - - 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - -Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 0.5 1.3 0.9 - - -Total - - 1.2 1.9 1.3 - - - Table 3.3.2.9 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal 0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4Oil 0 2.3 7.1 6.8 7.8 8.6 10.4 12.5Natural Gas 0.6 1.1 18.1 25.6 25.9 29.2 38.0 47.0Renewables - - - 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables - - - - - - - -Total 0.6 3.7 25.8 32.6 33.9 38.2 48.8 60.0 Table 3.3.2.10 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal - - 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.9 1.5 2.0Oil - - 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5Natural Gas - - 8.0 10.5 9.6 11.7 17.9 15.5Renewables - - 8.8 8.5 8.4 9.4 11.6 12.3Other Non-Renewables - - 2.5 3.7 4.1 5.2 5.1 5.2Total 10.8 16.1 24.5 27.6 26.8 31.7 36.6 35.5

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Table 3.3.2.11 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 - - - - -Coal - - 0.7 - - - - -Oil - - 0.7 - - - - -Natural Gas - - 8.6 - - - - -Renewables - - 2.9 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 1.4 - - - - -Total - - 14.3 - - - - - Table 3.3.2.12 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 2.9 2.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.4 0 0Oil 4.1 3.9 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 0 0Natural Gas 0.2 1.3 19.0 22.2 22.1 31.3 48.5 60.7Renewables 0 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.5 3.6 6.7Other Non-Renewables 1.8 2.8 3.7 4.7 4.7 6.1 6.1 6.1Total 9.0 10.3 25.3 28.9 28.7 39.4 58.2 73.5 Table 3.3.2.13 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -Coal 0 0 0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 -Oil 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 -Natural Gas 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 -Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Total 0.6 0.8 0.8 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 - Table 3.3.2.14 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0,6 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0,8 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 1,0 7,2 7,2 8,1 6,5 5,7Renewables 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,6Other Non-Renewables 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1Total 2,3 2,0 2,5 7,5 7,9 8,5 7,0 6,5 Table 3.3.2.15 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 - - 0 0 -Coal - - 0 - - 0 0 -Oil - - 0 - - 0 0 -Natural Gas - - 0.4 - - 2.0 2.3 -Renewables - - 0 - - 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 -Total - - 0.5 - - 2.1 2.4 -

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Table 3.3.2.16 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal 0 0.2 0.5 - - 0.4 0.4 0.4Oil 14.3 7.7 14.7 - - 18.0 15.9 17.5Natural Gas 2.0 6.5 38.3 - - 80.4 95.7 145.4Renewables 0 0.2 1.7 - - 4.2 6.7 9.8Other Non-Renewables 3.4 1.2 2.7 - - 3.9 4.1 5.3Total 19.7 15.8 57.9 - - 106.9 122.8 178.4 Table 3.3.2.17 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 1.1 2.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.5Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4Natural Gas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1.3 3.0 1.4 1.7 1.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 Table 3.3.2.18 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.4Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.4 Table 3.3.2.19 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.7Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.7Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.3 3.2 Table 3.3.2.20 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 0 0 - - -Coal - - 0 0 0 - - -Oil - - 0 0 0 - - -Natural Gas - - 0 0 0 - - -Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - -Total - - 0 0 0 - - -

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Table 3.3.2.21 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal 4.8 6.5 8.4 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0Oil 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0Natural Gas 19.3 41.5 44.8 47.3 53.4 72.8 75.2Renewables 0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Other Non-Renewables 0 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Total 16.0 24.1 49.0 55.8 57.9 64.0 83.4 85.8 Table 3.3.2.22 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 26.9 26.0 27.5 28.0 28.2 26.7 18.6 21.4Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 1.3 4.9 4.7 5.0 9.6 11.3Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 26.9 26.0 28.9 32.9 32.9 31.7 28.2 32.7 Table 3.3.2.23 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 1.2 1.6 3.7 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.7 0Natural Gas 0 0 0.7 2.0 2.3 4.8 7.9 8.9Renewables 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0Total 1.2 1.6 4.9 5.9 6.0 8.1 10.6 10.8 Table 3.3.2.24 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - - - - - - -Coal 1.5 5.3 2.8 3.8 5.4 4.4 4.4 10.6Oil 1.7 4.7 1.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2Natural Gas 6.8 9.5 5.1 5.6 5.3 4.1 7.1 7.6Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 10.0 19.5 9.7 10.1 11.6 9.0 11.9 18.8 Table 3.3.2.25 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal 0.2 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0 0Oil 8.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8Natural Gas 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.9 2.9Renewables 0.6 1.7 3.8 7.7 7.7 9.5 11.3 14.3Other Non-Renewables 0 0.6 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.4Total 9.1 4.8 8.5 12.0 12.1 13.7 15.4 18.4

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Table 3.3.2.26 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Coal 0.2 0.3 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 -Oil 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Natural Gas 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Total 0.2 0.3 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 - Table 3.3.2.27 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Coal 1.8 1.9 1.8 - - 2.2 2.2 -Oil 0.5 0.6 0.5 - - 0.3 0.3 -Natural Gas 0.9 1.3 2.7 - - 6.4 7.6 -Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 -Total 3.2 3.8 5.0 - - 8.9 10.1 - Table 3.3.2.28 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 0 0 0 0 0 0Coal - - 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil - - 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas - - 0 0 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6Renewables - - 0.2 0.3 1.6 1.2 1.9 3.5Other Non-Renewables - - 0 0 0 0 0 0Total - - 0.2 0.3 3.2 3.6 5.1 7.1 Table 3.3.2.29 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Coal 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 - - 1.7 1.7 1.7Renewables 0 0 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 0.1Other Non-Renewables 0.1 0.4 0.6 - - 0.4 0.4 0.4

Total 0.1 0.4 0.7 - - 2.2 2.2 2.2 Table 3.3.2.30 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Multifuels - - 2.1 3.1 2.4 - - -Coal - - 0.4 0.4 0.4 - - -Oil - - 0.9 0.9 1.5 - - -Natural Gas - - 1.6 3.3 4.5 - - -Renewables - - 0 - - - - -Other Non-Renewables - - 0 - - - - -Total 0 0 5.0 7.7 8.8 - - -

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3.4 Comments

BULGARIA The total installed generating capacities in the country in 2007 are 11 005 MW. The share of the different type of electricity generating sources is as follows: TPPs 5995 MW or 54.5 %; NPP 2000 MW or 18.2 %; HPPs 2146 MW or 19.5 %; PSHPPs 864 MW or 7.8 %; Total 11005 MW or 100% However, the available capacity of the existing electricity generating units in 2007 is quite lower than their installed capacity and amounts at about 8564 MW, from which 4764 MW in TPPs, 2000 MW in the NPP, 1 800 MW in HPPs and PSHPPs. The development of the Bulgarian power sector till 2010 is predetermined. The assumed new electricity generating sources are 780 MW – 600 MW TPP on lignite, 100 MW TPP on imported coal and 80 MW HPP. In the period 2011 – 2020 is assumed to build new nuclear capacity between 1000 and 2000 MW as a replaced capacity of the decommissioned old units in NPP Kozloduy.

GERMANY General information Data for “Steam Turbine Units”, “Gas Turbine Units”, “Combined Cycle Units”, “Internal Combustion Units” and “Not specified Technology” in tables 3.1b and 3.3.1b are rough estimates. The total net capacity of autoproducers (industry) was 10.0 GW in 2008 and current prognosis indicate a slight increase until 2010. Additional demand will be covered by the public utilities and private suppliers. Since 2000 the capacity of the German railway is included in the public supply. The net production of industrial autoproducers in 2008 amounts to 45.7 TWh or 7.6% of the total net production whereof 25.7 TWh were delivered to the public grid. The feed-in of private suppliers – predominantly windpower followed by biomass – amounts to 65.0 TWh in 2008 meaning a share of 10.8% of total net production. The quota for renewables in total added up to more than 15% in 2008. The industrial consumption in 2008 was covered for 92% from the public grid. In some energy-intensive industries such as the chemical industry, petroleum industry and mining, the manufacturing of paper or metal production the share of autoproduction is higher. Particularly in coal mining areas exists a closer relationship between public utilities and industrial autoproducers. Legal facts On 01.01.2009, incentive regulation for grid operators started in Germany. The regulation scheme contains a revenue-cap with two periods each lasting 5 years. Afterwards, a yardstick competition scheme shall be implemented. Efficiency for grid operators was measured with a dual benchmarking, whereof the better efficiency value is used. Smaller companies with less than 30.000 customers had the opportunity to choose a simplified treatment, which allows them not to be part of the benchmarking. In return, they accept a fixed rate of 87.5% for efficiency in the first period and the average efficiency as a result of the benchmarking for the second period. The Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG)) became effective in March 2000 and the latest amendment came into effect on 01.01.2009. The increase of the share produced by

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renewable energies is the declared aim of the EEG. Apart from changes in the guaranteed fees for each kWh produced, the main improvements of the last amendment concern the opportunities for a better integration of renewables into the market either by direct marketing or additional incentives for delivering electricity into the market instead of utilising the guaranteed fee. The German government targeted a quota for renewables in electricity consumption of 30% up to 2020. In June 2001 an agreement between the government and the utilities concerning the phasing out of nuclear energy was made. For each nuclear power station a certain amount for the remaining electricity production was fixed. Furthermore, the reprocessing of nuclear fuels will be forbidden and the removal of nuclear waste will be restricted to direct permanent waste disposal. In 2003, the nuclear power plant in Stade was decomissionend followed by the nuclear power plant in Obrigheim in May 2005. Due to current production data, the last nuclear power station might be shut down about 2022. With the end of 2007, 1,382 TWh or 53% of the remaining nuclear electricity production was generated. CHP stations make substantial contributions to the reduction of CO2-Emissions because of their high degree of efficiency. In order to encourage this technology, the law for modernisation and extension of CHP generation (KWKG) guarantees an additional fee on each kWh produced.

SPAIN Table 3.1.In Spain there is not central planning for the expansion of the generation equipment. Therefore, data of this table should be seen as a possible view of the future made on the basis of the present trends and the expert's judgment. Up to the year 2020, the new generation is based mainly on CCTG and wind plants. To define the future capacity needs, it has been considered the technical life of 60 years for nuclear plants, 40 years for the coal plants and 35 years for rest of the thermal plants. It has been taking into account the constraints set up by National Plant for Emissions Reduction. Referring to new power technologies, it has been made the assumption that the Carbon Capture and Storage will be commercially available along the 2020 decade. Table 3.1.3b. Auto producer’s data include CHP, Small Hydro and other renewables.

LITHUANIA The electricity market in Lithuania is dominated by the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, with the output from one unit being sufficient to support almost all the domestic electricity demand. Throughout 2008 the power generation structure remained unchanged. About 71.2 % of total output was generated in the Ignalina NPP, 21.6 % in the thermal power plants.

LUXEMBOURG As the national production covers only about 14 % of the consumption in the public grid, the major part of electricity is imported from Germany for the public grid and from Belgium for the industrial grid of SOTEL. There is no active interconnection between the two grids. To diminish the import, small and medium CHP plants where built in the last years. A larger power production plant is exporting the produced energy to Belgium and than partially re-imported to the grids in Luxembourg.

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A larger pump storage plant in Luxembourg is connected to the grid of RWE by dedicated lines and operated by it.

LATVIA In Latvia, domestic generation capacities cover 50% - 70% of the country’s total electricity demand. Hydroelectric power plants provide 30% - 60% of this country’s total electricity demand. Electricity import provides 30% - 50% of the national consumption. Total maximum capacity of wind power plants in 2007 was 28 MW and the capacity of electricity production from landfill gas reached 9 MW. The existing CHP plants operate only in the heat production regime. Electricity generated in the condensation mode is more expensive than the electricity imported from neighbouring Estonia, Lithuania and Russia. The installed electrical capacity of Riga CHP-1 is 144 MW. The reconstructed Riga CHP-2 was commissioned on the next year after 2007. Reconstruction of CHP-2 means maintaining the capacities of heat and considerably increasing the capacities of generated electricity. It will make possible substantial decrease of CO2 emissions per produced energy unit. As prognoses show electricity deficit in the Baltic market in the coming years, the possibilities of building a new power plant are considered now.

MALTA See comments in section 2.

POLAND Result of Polish negotiations connected with accession to EU in Energy Area gave some derogation for our generation units for preparation to the new emission standards (The EU Environmental Directive 2001/80/EC). The approaching to the new emission norm will be realised in two time steps: After the year 2008 - Till this year it was decided that some of the earlier existing units (most in CHP’s) would be equipped with installation for emission reduction; After the 2015 year it’s expected the decrease of capacity and energy production based on hard and brown coal, and increase of technologies based on natural gas (most in CHP’s and distributed generation) or renewable technologies. From the other hand an improving of electric energy efficiency, increasing its productivity, and reducing energy consumption in all sectors of the economy is still actual and very important target for national economy. Forecast data for year 2010 and 2020 were taken from PSE Operator S.A. Development Program for Domestic Transmission System – “Balanced scenario” accepted by Polish Regulatory Office (URE) in December 2006. The structure of capacity, production fuel use and emission for year 2030 are expert estimation, based on trends and preliminary information, got from generation subsector.

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It is expected that some of new capacity coal fired units will be equipped with CCS installation, and the final emission for year 2020-2030 will be significant lower then presented in the table.

PORTUGAL In the coming years there are no expected major problems in meeting the forecasted demand, although in a system like the Portuguese, with a significant hydro component, the normal operation of the system in the occurrence of dry hydrological years may become more difficult. The strong hydrological variability of the hydro generation, together with the importance of the hydraulic capacity in the hydro-thermal Portuguese power system, results in a strong variability of the thermal production, the fuel consumption and the atmospheric emissions with the hydrological conditions. The ratios of the hydroelectric generation between dry/average/wet hydro conditions are approximately 0.5/1.0/1.5. Concerning the hydro conditions, 2007 was a dry year. The hydro power generation had a decrease of 9% over the previous year (average year). Electricity output from generation units operating under special regime conditions pursued its increasing trend, mainly due to the commissioning of 482 MW in new wind farms that raised the total wind installed capacity in the whole country to 2 135 MW. In the Mainland Portugal and also in 2007, the Conventional Regime Generation (PRO) represented 76% of the domestic generation. The Special Regime Generation (PRE) represented 24% against 20% in 2006.

TURKEY The long term generation expansion planning studies have been carrying out by means of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) computer models in Turkey. The purpose of these studies are to obtain the most cost effective and environmentally sound solutions which meets the demand for electrical energy at the lowest cost with some constraints and certain limitations on system reliability. According to present study, the capacity will increase to 96 GW in 2020. This corresponds to a total addition of 59 GW to the generation system over all the planning period (2005-2020).

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IV. BALANCES

4.1 Capacity Table 4.1.1 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 12,600 16,200 18,227 18,914 18,914 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 3,200 4,100 3,000 2,900 2,900 3,000 3,000 -Connected Peak Demand 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,222 9,480 9,700 11,200 -Reserve Capacity 1,400 1,800 800 700 700 800 850 -Country Balance 2,300 2,900 5,371 6,092 6,049 -Net Transfer Capacity 1,500 2,000 4,000 5,300 5,500 -

Table 4.1.2 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - 14,887 15,472 - - 17,557 19,560 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - 2,017 - - 2,017 2,017 -Connected Peak Demand - 10,400 12,653 - - 15,311 17,261 -Reserve Capacity - - 1,200 - - 1,200 1,200 -Country Balance - - -398 - - -971 -918 -Net Transfer Capacity - - 2,200 - - 4,300 4,700 -

Table 4.13 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 7,830 10,155 10,384 9,675 8,895 10,176 14,270 17,390Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - - - - - - -Connected Peak Demand 6,900 8,100 7,100 6,930 7,030 7,890 10,500 13,340Reserve Capacity 1,384 2,028 1,767 1,386 1,406 1,580 2,100 2,670Country Balance -454 27 1,517 1,359 459 706 1,670 1,380Net Transfer Capacity 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,850 3,850 3,850

Table 4.1.4 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,338 2,198 2,678Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -Connected Peak Demand 200 372 688 904 1,041 1,191 1,650 2,150Reserve Capacity 40 72 138 132 224 268 440 536Country Balance 26 30 162 84 -147 -80 108 -8Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.1.5 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - 13,800 14,200 17,463 17,513 16,400 16,500 17,000Foreseeable not Available Capacity - 2,100 2,100 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,500Connected Peak Demand - 9,000 9,000 11,397 11,400 11,200 12,000 12,500Reserve Capacity - 1,800 2,000 1,500 1,700 1,500 1,500 2,000Country Balance - 900 1,100 2,566 2,713 1,700 1,000 1,000Net Transfer Capacity - 2,500 2,500 2,800 2,800 3,000 3,000 3,000

2009-180-0004 October 2009 144

Table 4.1.6 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 78,600 93,800 106,500 124,300 129,200 131,100 167,000 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 6,900 8,200 10,400 23,800 24,800 33,400 57,300 -Connected Peak Demand 52,200 63,100 76,800 77,800 78,500 76,300 78,800 -Reserve Capacity 17,600 21,300 13,000 14,300 15,100 13,000 14,500 -Country Balance 1,900 1,200 6,300 8,400 10,800 8,400 16,400 -Net Transfer Capacity - - - - - - - -

Foreseeable not available Capacity: 1980-2007: Retrospect (actual not available capacity); 2000-2020: Revision of power plants and outages are not included.

Reserve Capacity: Only System Services Reserve (Frequency and voltage control, black-start capacity)

Table 4.1.7 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 6,619 8,109 11,225 12,640 - 13,100 14,000 14,500Foreseeable not Available Capacity 300 500 2,900 3,600 - 4,200 5,500 7,000Connected Peak Demand 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 - 6,800 6,900 8,000Reserve Capacity 900 1,200 1,200 1,400 - 1,400 1,400 1,900Country Balance 719 509 925 1,240 - 700 200 -2,400Net Transfer Capacity - 3,000 4,500 5,000 - 5,000 5,000 5,000 Table 4.1.8 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - - 2,441 1,001 2,879 2,630 3,350 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - - - - - - -Connected Peak Demand - - 1,262 1,478 1,487 1,590 2,287 -Reserve Capacity - - - - - - - -Country Balance - - 1,179 -477 1,392 1,040 1,063 -Net Transfer Capacity - - - - - - - -

Table 4.1.9 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 27,910 40,808 50,526 77,046 83,360 94,508 114,783 132,830Foreseeable not Available Capacity 5,402 6,616 9,355 18,307 20,863 24,895 40,462 51,945Connected Peak Demand 18,572 25,160 33,236 42,153 44,876 47,506 58,347 66,490Reserve Capacity 2,568 3,745 5,152 6,828 7,200 7,866 9,047 10,474Country Balance 1,368 5,288 2,783 9,757 10,421 14,241 6,927 3,921Net Transfer Capacity - 1,200 2,080 2,800 2,800 4,240 5,680 5,680

Table 4.1.0 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 11,022 13,170 16,258 16,562 16,900 17,269 21,540 23,270Foreseeable not Available Capacity 1,032 850 2,537 2,024 2,297 - - -Connected Peak Demand 6,600 10,450 12,400 14,800 14,900 14,200 16,800 18,000Reserve Capacity 924 1,463 1,047 1,443 - - - -Country Balance 2,466 407 274 -1,680 -1,780 - - -Net Transfer Capacity - 2,510 3,100 4,240 4,240 4,240 5,040 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 145

Table 4.1.11 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 62,711 103,410 115,338 116,066 - 117,100 135,400 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - - - - - - -Connected Peak Demand 44,100 63,400 72,400 85,600 - 83,500 90,900 96,600Reserve Capacity - - - - - - - -Country Balance - - - - - - - -Net Transfer Capacity - - - - - - - -

Table 4.1.12 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 68,800 73,500 78,800 84,106 84,765 86,911 101,360 113,586Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 300 1,368 1,734 3,755 14,297 24,070Connected Peak Demand 52,100 57,300 64,100 66,430 68,512 64,147 68,488 73,968Reserve Capacity 10,400 11,500 12,800 13,286 13,702 12,829 13,698 14,794Country Balance 6,300 4,700 1,600 3,021 817 6,180 4,878 755Net Transfer Capacity 0 2,000 2,000 2,300 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Table 4.1.13 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 4,514 7,274 9,692 11,957 12,067 13,649 20,079 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 150 556 683 1,050 3,300 -Connected Peak Demand 3,554 4,924 8,531 9,961 10,610 10,547 12,761 -Reserve Capacity 890 1,230 1,454 1,794 1,810 2,047 3,012 -Country Balance 70 1,120 -443 -354 -1,036 5 1,006 -Net Transfer Capacity - - - - - - - -

Table 4.1.14 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 7 855 8 171 8 413 8 825 10 413 12 035Foreseeable not Available Capacity 360 700 1 000 1 250 1 350 1 500Connected Peak Demand 5 107 6 534 5 742 6 432 6 180 6 140 7 390 8 654Reserve Capacity 800 1 000 600 600 810 800 950 1 000Country Balance 100 800 1 153 439 1 423 635 723 881Net Transfer Capacity 340 800 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000

Table 4.1.15 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 2,400 3,800 4,700 - - 7,500 8,900 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 100 100 100 - - 100 100 -Connected Peak Demand 1,800 2,500 3,800 - - 5,600 7,000 8,500Reserve Capacity 600 800 950 - - 1,800 1,750 -Country Balance 100 400 -150 - - 0 50 -Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 300 - - 600 600 -

Table 4.1.16 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 46,824 56,548 75,504 - - 98,929 110,720 130,716Foreseeable not Available Capacity 6,300 7,900 11,009 - - 18,850 18,081 22,507Connected Peak Demand 31,400 40,500 49,019 - - 61,154 75,902 90,909Reserve Capacity 7,200 9,900 11,095 - - 14,967 16,737 17,300Country Balance 1,924 -1,752 4,381 - - 3,958 0 0Net Transfer Capacity 4,000 5,000 5,700 - - 10,000 13,000 15,500

2009-180-0004 October 2009 146

Table 4.1.17 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 2,277 4,924 5,756 4,523 4,745 3,256 5,762 6,728Foreseeable not Available Capacity 10 10 50 110 175 800 980 800Connected Peak Demand 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,970 2,130 2,630 3,120Reserve Capacity 300 600 600 600 600 350 590 590Country Balance -233 1,514 3,606 1,843 2,001 -24 1,562 2,218Net Transfer Capacity 2,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000

Table 4.1.18 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 1,214 1,209 1,199 1,684 1,687 1,713 1,946 1,983Foreseeable not Available Capacity 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Connected Peak Demand 500 600 900 1,035 1,061 1,100 1,300 1,500Reserve Capacity 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Country Balance 514 409 99 449 426 413 446 283Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4.1.19 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 2,049 2,074 2,127 2,250 2,259 2,534 3,633 4,397Foreseeable not Available Capacity 750 750 752 1,309 1,350 1,300 1,000 1,000Connected Peak Demand 1,700 1,900 1,140 1,420 1,370 1,400 2,200 2,700Reserve Capacity 120 120 120 102 110 125 400 600Country Balance -521 -696 115 -581 -571 -291 33 97Net Transfer Capacity 600 700 630 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,000

Table 4.1.20 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - -Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - -Connected Peak Demand - - 0 0 0 - - -Reserve Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - -Country Balance - - 0 0 0 - - -Net Transfer Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - -

Table 4.1.21 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 14,868 16,049 19,569 22,952 23,804 26,844 45,780 47,760Foreseeable not Available Capacity 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,318 1,365 1,342 2,747 2,866Connected Peak Demand 11,000 13,000 15,180 18,354 18,736 17,878 21,793 26,565Reserve Capacity 3,300 3,700 3,000 3,627 3,703 3,218 3,269 3,985Country Balance -532 -1,751 289 -317 0 4,405 17,971 14,345Net Transfer Capacity 3,200 3,200 3,600 3,850 3,850 4,900 7,400 7,400

Table 4.1.22 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 22 527 27 980 30 553 32 308 32 308 34 686 38 341 41 615Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 21 165 276 1 199 1 690 1 947Connected Peak Demand 19 133 21 476 20 499 22 797 22 875 24 574 29 269 33 779Reserve Capacity 3 827 5 047 4 920 5 243 5 033 5 406 5 854 5 405Country Balance 3 225 5 979 5 114 4 083 4 125 3 013 1 529 484Net Transfer Capacity - - - 1 020 820 200 2 200 2 200

2009-180-0004 October 2009 147

Table 4.1.23 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 3 970 6 688 9 681 13 117 14 480 16 922 28 085 29 067Foreseeable not Available Capacity 246 510 249 1 889 3 096 4 860 10 287 11 437Connected Peak Demand 3 000 4 861 6 909 8 799 9 110 8 892 11 286 13 990Reserve Capacity 774 1 017 2 203 3 070 3 098 3 233 4 638 4 996Country Balance -50 300 320 -641 -824 -62 1 874 -1 357Net Transfer Capacity 550 550 725 1 000 1 200 1 280 2 560 2 800

Table 4.1.24 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 13,700 18,400 13,865 15,864 16,160 16,741 22,872 26,113Foreseeable not Available Capacity 1,500 5,500 1,650 1,778 1,393 2,724 5,700 6,620Connected Peak Demand 9,100 9,600 7,370 8,151 8,681 8,000 10,619 13,695Reserve Capacity 3,630 3,850 2,950 3,400 3,786 3,651 4,288 5,011Country Balance -530 -550 1,895 2,535 2,300 2,366 2,266 787Net Transfer Capacity 1,800 2,600 950 800 3,500 1,400 1,950 2,200

Table 4.1.25 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 27 074 33 672 30 894 33 819 34 065 35 050 38 650 39 100Foreseeable not Available Capacity 2 600 2 603 2 781 3 030 3 190 3 800 7 100 9 350Connected Peak Demand 17 700 23 300 26 000 26 300 26 200 23 300 24 000 24 200Reserve Capacity 1 000 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200Country Balance 5 774 6 569 913 3 289 3 475 6 750 6 350 4 350Net Transfer Capacity 2 905 4 975 8 455 8 520 8 570 8 700 11 500 11 500

Table 4.1.26 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 1,678 2,502 2,879 - - 3,073 2,973 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 150 200 250 - - 250 250 -Connected Peak Demand 1,400 1,700 1,700 - - 2,241 2,476 -Reserve Capacity 294 320 670 - - 335 335 -Country Balance -510 242 121 - - 247 -88 -Net Transfer Capacity 700 800 800 - - 800 800 -

Table 4.1.27 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 4,105 5,960 7,741 - - 7,845 8,310 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 800 1,400 1,900 - - 1,900 1,950 -Connected Peak Demand 3,300 4,100 4,050 - - 4,800 5,600 6,200Reserve Capacity 600 900 1,100 - - 1,250 1,350 -Country Balance -595 -440 691 - - -105 -590 -Net Transfer Capacity 1,400 1,800 3,000 - - 3,000 3,600 -

Table 4.1.28 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 14,107 15,441 17,333 17,443 17,500 18,900 20,600 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity 3,800 4,100 4,400 4,500 4,400 4,600 4,800 -Connected Peak Demand 6,700 8,500 9,000 10,200 9,953 10,150 10,835 -Reserve Capacity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 900 900 900 -Country Balance 2,607 1,841 2,933 1,743 2,247 3,250 4,065 -Net Transfer Capacity - - 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 148

Table 4.1.29 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 19,836 26,637 27,577 28,974 29,935 30,912 32,755 37,106Foreseeable not Available Capacity 2,817 3,784 3,930 4,512 4,222 5,013 5,663 6,858Connected Peak Demand 14,098 17,047 20,216 21,575 21,588 22,733 24,323 25,848Reserve Capacity 800 1,000 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200Country Balance 2,121 4,806 2,231 2,887 4,125 1,965 1,569 3,200Net Transfer Capacity - - 3,650 3,650 3,650 5,400 6,200 6,800

Table 4.1.30 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - - 26,173 38,951 39,084 48,816 96,349 -Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - 3,809 7,079 7,958 - - -Connected Peak Demand 3,947 9,180 19,524 27,594 29,249 38,785 79,350 -Reserve Capacity - - 1,657 238 207 10,031 16,999 -Country Balance - - 1,183 4,040 1,670 - - -Net Transfer Capacity - - 638 - - - - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 149

4.2 Electricity balances Table 4.2.1 Electricity Balances (TWh) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 40.7 48.8 60.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 71.9Pumping -0.5 -1.4 -2.0 -3.3 -3.0 -4.0 -4.9Imports 3.2 6.8 13.8 21.3 22.1 18.4 29.6Exports 7.1 7.3 15.1 14.4 15.5 14.0 13.1Trade Balance -3.9 -0.5 -1.3 6.9 6.6 4.4 16.5Demand (Including losses) 92.2 Table 4.2.2 Electricity Balances (TWh) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 51.0 67.2 80.2 81.9 85.1 87.8 89.1 112Pumping -1.6 -1.7 -1.7 -1.4 -1.4Imports 4.8 11.6 18.9 15.8Exports 8.5 7.3 8.7 9.0Trade Balance -2.6 -3.7 4.3 10.2 6.8 10.2 21.2Demand (Including losses) 47.7 61.5 81.2 86.9 87.0 96.6 108.9 106

Table 4.2.3 Electricity Balances (TWh) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 31.2 37.5 36.8 41.6 39.5 44.7 66.5 88.7Pumping -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8Imports 4.7 5.4 1.0 0 0 0 0 0Exports 0.9 1.6 5.6 7.8 4.5 7.7 13.0 20.5Trade Balance 3.8 3.8 -4.6 -7.8 -4.5 -7.7 -13.0 -20.5Demand (Including losses) 34.9 41.2 31.7 33.3 34.4 36.2 52.7 67.4 Table 4.2.4 Electricity Balances (TWh) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 5.4 8.6 11.5Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Imports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Exports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Trade Balance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Demand (Including losses) 0.8 1.9 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.4 7.2 11.5 Table 4.2.5 Electricity Balances (TWh) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 48.7 58.1 67.7 77.7 81.3 83.9 87.9 91.0Pumping -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5Imports 0 0 2.4 11.5 10.2 10.0 10.5 12.0Exports 1.5 0.7 12.4 24.1 26.4 15.5 12.5 16.0Trade Balance -1.5 -0.7 -10.0 -12.6 -16.2 -5.5 -2.0 -4.0Demand (Including losses) 46.7 57.0 57.0 64.3 64.5 68.2 77.5 83.0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 150

Table 4.2.6 Electricity Balances (TWh) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 347.0 418.0 538.5 597.2 598.9 599.6 584.7 559.0Pumping -2.0 -2.0 -6.0 -9.0 -9.1Imports 16.2 25.1 45.1 46.1 44.3Exports 10.2 26.0 42.1 66.0 63.4Trade Balance 6.0 -0.9 3.0 -19.8 -19.1Demand (Including losses) 351.0 415.2 535.5 568.4 570.6 566.5 562.0 553.0

Table 4.2.7 Electricity Balances (TWh) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 23.9 30.8 35.2 42.9 37.0 37.9 41.1 44.6Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Imports 2.0 12.0 8.3 6.9 10.3 8.0 8.0 8.0Exports 1.6 4.9 7.7 13.8 11.3 8.0 8.0 8.0Trade Balance 0.4 7.1 0.6 -6.9 -1.0 0 0 0Demand (Including losses) 23.9 30.8 34.7 36.5 36.1 34.2 38.2 43.8

Table 4.2.8 Electricity Balances (TWh) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 17.2 15.4 7.6 8.7 11.0Pumping 0 0 0Imports 0.4 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.3Exports 11.1 8.5 1.3 1.0 2.8Trade Balance -10.7 -7.0 -0.9 -0.7 -2.5Demand (Including losses) 6.5 8.4 6.7 8.0 8.5 8.3 11.9

Table 4.2.9 Electricity Balances (TWh) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 105.1 146.8 215.1 290.7 300.7 327.6 412.7 473.6Pumping -1.8 -0.9 -4.9 -5.3 -4.3 -6.3 -7.7 -8.2Imports 2.3 3.2 12.3 9.1 8.8 12.6 16.1 24.2Exports 3.7 3.5 7.8 12.4 14.5 17.4 21.3 19.2Trade Balance -1.4 -0.3 4.4 -3.3 -5.7 -4.8 -5.2 5.0Demand (Including losses) 102.0 145.8 214.5 282.1 290.5 316.5 399.8 470.3

Table 4.1.0 Electricity Balances (TWh) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 38.7 51.6 67.3 78.6 77.8 78.4 111.1 120.6Pumping 0 0 0 0 0Imports 2.4 11.1 12.2 14.1 15.4Exports 1.2 0.4 0.3 2.7 2.9Trade Balance 1.2 10.7 11.9 11.4 12.6 7.1 -9.8 -11.9Demand (Including losses) 39.9 62.3 79.2 90.0 90.4 85.5 101.3 108.7

Table 4.2.11 Electricity Balances (TWh) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 247.2 400.0 516.8 549.1 544.7 567.2 621.3Pumping -1.0 -4.9 -6.6 -7.5 -7.7 -7.3 -7.4Imports 6.7 3.7Exports 52.1 73.2Trade Balance 2.5 -45.6 -69.5 -63.2 -65.5 -80.5Demand (Including losses) 248.7 349.5 440.7 478.4 480.3 494.4 533.4

2009-180-0004 October 2009 151

Table 4.2.12 Electricity Balances (TWh) UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.6 378.4 389.2 441.9 456.8Pumping -1.5 -2.6 -3.5 -4.9 -5.1 -5.8 -5.8 -5.8Imports 0 11.9 14.3 10.3 8.3 0 0 0Exports 0 0 0.1 2.8 3.1 0 0 0Trade Balance 0 11.9 14.2 7.5 5.2 0 0 0Demand (Including losses) 264.8 309.4 371.5 379.7 376.9 365.6 390.4 421.6

Table 4.2.13 Electricity Balances (TWh) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 21.3 32.1 49.9 55.7 57.9 60.9 75.1Pumping 0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -1.1 -0.9 -0.1Imports 0.7 1.3 1.7 6.1 6.4 5.1 5.1Exports 0.1 0.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.1Trade Balance 0.6 0.7 0 4.2 4.4 3.5 3.0Demand (Including losses) 21.9 32.5 49.9 59.2 61.2 64.4 78.1

Table 4.2.14 Electricity Balances (TWh) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 23.9 28.5 35.2 33.3 37.1 36.1 44.5 54.1Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9Imports 10.2 13.3 6.2 15.4 14.7 12.0 11.5 8.5Exports 2.8 2.2 2.8 8.2 10.7 8.2 8.0 6.3

Trade Balance 7.4 11.1 3.4 7.2 4.0 3.8 3.5 2.2Demand (Including losses) 31.3 39.6 38.6 40.5 41.1 39.9 48.0 56.3

Table 4.2.15 Electricity Balances (TWh) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 10.0 13.5 22.7 25.9 27.5 32.4 40.9Pumping -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5Imports 0 0.2 1.8Exports 0 0.1 -0.1Trade Balance 0 0.1Demand (Including losses) 9.5 13.0 22.3 27.0 27.5 31.9 40.4 49.0

Table 4.2.16 Electricity Balances (TWh) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 176.7 205.2 263.3 301.2 301.3 313.1 392.9 548.9Pumping -3.2 -4.8 -9.1 -8.7 -7.7 -10.0 -11.5 -13.0Imports 8.1 35.6 44.8 46.6 48.9 60.1 71.9 44.1Exports 2.0 0.9 0.5 1.6 2.6 3.0 3.2 30.0Trade Balance 6.1 34.7 44.3 45.0 46.3 57.1 68.7 14.1Demand (Including losses) 180.3 235.1 298.5 337.5 339.9 360.2 450.1 550.0

Table 4.2.17 Electricity Balances (TWh) LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 11.0 26.3 10.0 11.4 10.9 10.8 25.3 33.7Pumping 0 0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6Imports 0 0 0.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 0 0Exports 0.1 12.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 10.1 15.3Trade Balance -0.1 -12.0 -1.3 -0.5 -1.3 1.0 -10.1 -15.3Demand (Including losses) 10.9 14.3 8.3 10.3 10.7 11.5 14.6 17.8

2009-180-0004 October 2009 152

Table 4.2.18 Electricity Balances (TWh) LUXEMBURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.2 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6Pumping -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2Imports 3.0 4.7 6.4 6.8 6.8 7.4 7.7 8.1Exports 0.2 0.8 0.7 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4Trade Balance 2.8 3.9 5.7 3.5 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.7Demand (Including losses) 3.6 4.2 5.8 6.6 6.7 7.3 8.1 9.1

Table 4.2.19 Electricity Balances (TWh) LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 4.6 6.4 4.1 4.6 4.4 5.3 9.4 11.4Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Imports 5.4 6.5 4.6 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.6Exports 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7Trade Balance 3.4 3.5 1.6 2.4 3.0 2.4 2.0 2.9Demand (Including losses) 8.0 9.9 5.7 7.0 7.5 7.7 11.4 14.3

Table 4.2.20 Electricity Balances (TWh) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 1.9 2.3 2.3Pumping 0 0 0Imports 0 0 0Exports 0 0 0Trade Balance 0 0 0Demand (Including losses) 1.9 2.3 2.3

Table 4.2.21 Electricity Balances (TWh) NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 59.7 68.8 85.8 94.9 101.0 105.2 138.0 168.2Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Imports 0 9.9 22.9 27.3 23.1 20.0 15.0 15.0Exports 0 0.4 4.0 5.9 5.5 12.0 15.0 15.0Trade Balance 0 9.5 18.9 21.4 17.6 8.0 0 0Demand (Including losses) 59.7 75.5 104.7 116.3 118.7 113.2 138.0 168.2

Table 4.2.22 Electricity Balances (TWh) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 113.4 123.1 133.2 149.3 146.8 156.3 183.5 216.5Pumping -1.2 -2.6 -2.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5Imports 4.2 10.4 3.3 4.8 7.8 5.0 5.0 5.0Exports 4.4 11.5 9.7 15.8 13.1 14.0 14.0 14.0Trade Balance -0.2 -1.1 -6.4 -11.0 -5.3 -9.0 -9.0 -9.0Demand (Including losses) 111.9 119.4 124.0 136.9 140.6 145.8 173.0 206.0

Table 4.2.23 Electricity Balances (TWh) PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 14.8 27.3 42.2 47.6 46.0 54.1 71.6 84.2Pumping -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0 -0.3 -0.6Imports 0.2 4.7 8.6 9.6 1.6 0.2 0Exports 0.1 3.8 3.2 2.2 2.1 4.4 0.4Trade Balance 1.8 0 0.9 5.4 7.5 -0.6 -4.2 -0.4Demand (Including losses) 16.5 27.1 42.5 52.4 52.9 53.4 67.0 83.2

2009-180-0004 October 2009 153

Table 4.2.24 Electricity Balances (TWh) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 61.5 56.7 47.1 57.4 56.4 54.0 69.3 84.3Pumping 0 0 0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.8Imports 0.5 9.5 0.8 1.6 4.0 1.0 1.5 1.5Exports 0.1 0 1.5 5.9 6.1 3.5 5.5 4.5Trade Balance 0.4 9.5 -0.7 -4.2 -2.1 -2.5 -4.0 -3.0Demand (Including losses) 62.0 66.1 46.4 53.0 54.1 51.4 64.8 80.5

Table 4.2.25 Electricity Balances (TWh) SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 93.4 141.7 141.7 140.2 144.7 155.7 174.3 166.0Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Imports 3.4 12.9 18.3 17.5 16.1Exports 2.8 14.7 13.6 11.5 14.7Trade Balance 0.5 -1.8 4.7 6.1 1.3 -18.2 -30.3 -18.5Demand (Including losses) 94.0 139.9 146.6 146.4 146.0 137.5 144.0 147.5

Table 4.2.26 Electricity Balances (TWh) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 7.0 11.2 12.6 13.1 13.1 15.2 19.0 21.7Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Imports 0.9 0.6 0.5 7.7 0.7 0.9Exports 0.3 1.2 2.4 7.5 0.6 0.4Trade Balance 0.6 -0.6 -1.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5Demand (Including losses) 5.6 9.2 12.3 13.3 13.4 16.1 17.8

Table 4.2.27 Electricity Balances (TWh) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 18.6 22.5 28.7 29.0 26.1 31.4 35.6Pumping -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4Imports 6.0 6.3 5.8 0 0 0Exports 0.8 9.0 7.4 0 0 0Trade Balance 3.4 5.2 -2.7 0 0 0Demand (Including losses) 22.2 26.9 25.7 27.2 27.6 31.0 35.2 39.5

Table 4.2.28 Electricity Balances (TWh) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 48.2 54.1 65.3 62.1 65.9 65.2 68.7 78.3Pumping -1.5 -1.7 -2.0 -2.7 -2.1 -2.1 -2.3 -2.4Imports 9.9 22.8 39.9 48.8 48.6 49.6 52.9 56.5Exports 18.1 24.9 47.0 46.1 50.6 51.6 55.1 58.8Trade Balance -8.2 -2.1 -7.1 2.7 -2.0 -2.0 -2.2 -2.3Demand (Including losses) 38.5 50.3 56.3 62.1 61.7 62.9 67.2 71.7

Table 4.2.29 Electricity Balances (TWh) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 83.2 120.8 141.8 121.7 137.4 129.6 138.7 149.3Pumping -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1.8Imports 1.8 0.3 1.5 9.8 5.2 4.3 4.8 5.1Exports 2.3 16.2 20.5 8.9 15.3 0 0 0Trade Balance -0.5 -15.9 -19.1 -0.9 10.1 4.3 4.8 5.1Demand (Including losses) 82.2 104.5 121.9 122.6 127.4 130.0 142.7 152.6

2009-180-0004 October 2009 154

Table 4.2.30 Electricity Balances (TWh) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 23.3 54.2 118.7 169.5 183.3 242.0 483.2Pumping 0 0 0 0 0Imports 1.3 0.2 3.8 0.6 0.9 16.3Exports 0 0.9 0.4 2.2 2.4Trade Balance 1.3 -0.7 3.4 -1.6 -1.5 16.3Demand (Including losses) 23.2 53.5 122.1 167.9 181.8 242.0 499.5

Table 4.2.31 Electricity Balances (TWh) EU-27

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 1834.9 2340.9 2869.3 3184.4 3198.3 3323.6 3842.1 3259.0Pumping -12.8 -22.5 -41.2 -47.2 -44.4 -40.8 -45.2 -32.1Imports 67.6 199.4 246.0 294.5 279.1 167.4 187.0 131.0Exports 52.1 161.7 227.2 229.9 217.9 108.2 131.0 152.3Trade Balance 20.5 37.4 18.7 1.4 61.7 -7.2 -43.4 -51.7Demand (Including losses) 1840.6 2342.6 2846.0 3133.3 3159.9 3229.8 3670.2 3196.9

Table 4.2.32 Electricity Balances (TWh) EU-30

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Electricity Production 1989.6 2570.0 3195.1 3537.7 3584.9 3760.4 4532.7 3486.6Pumping -14.8 -24.5 -44.1 -50.4 -48.1 -43.7 -48.3 -36.3Imports 80.6 222.7 291.2 353.7 333.8 221.3 261.0 192.6Exports 72.5 203.7 295.1 287.1 286.2 159.8 186.1 211.1Trade Balance 13.1 18.7 -4.1 1.6 68.3 -4.9 -24.5 -48.9Demand (Including losses) 1984.5 2550.9 3146.3 3485.9 3530.8 3664.7 4379.6 3421.2

2009-180-0004 October 2009 155

4.3 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) Table 4.3.1 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 23.7 25.1 29.2 35.0 33.9 34.3 36.1 -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 21.4 22.9 26.6 31.9 31.0 31.4 33.0 -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 5.5 6.8 7.7 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.2 -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - - - - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - - - - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4.7 4.6 4.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.5 -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 16.8 18.3 22.6 26.7 25.9 26.2 27.5 -of which 6.a Agriculture 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 -

6.b Industry 5.4 5.2 6.1 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.0 -6.c Transport 4.0 5.0 7.1 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.6 -

6.d Services 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 -6.e Households 5.0 5.8 6.5 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 -

Primary Electricity forecast data correspond to average producibility values of hydropower stations- Households= Households +Agriculture + Services+Trade Table 4.3.2 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 49.3 51.6 59.0 - - 63.3 - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 6.3 7.2 5.7 - - 5.4 - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 43.0 44.4 53.3 - - 57.9 - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 11.4 14.9 13.2 - - 13.7 - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2.3 8.7 - - - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation 9.1 6.2 - - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 11.2 13.9 15.6 - - 17.2 - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 31.8 30.5 37.7 - - 40.7 - -of which 6.a Agriculture 0.5 0.5 1.1 - - 1.3 - -

6.b Industry 12.8 11.3 13.9 - - 14.9 - -6.c Transport 5.9 7.7 9.6 - - 10.8 - -

6.d Services 3.0 2.9 3.9 - - 4.5 - -6.e Households 9.6 8.1 9.2 - - 9.2 - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 156

Table 4.3.3 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 20.7 28.5 16.0 17.2 - 19.3 22.9 24.72. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.0 - 1.3 1.4 1.53. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 19.5 26.7 15.1 16.2 14.3 18.0 21.5 23.2

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 11.8 6.7 6.0 7.3 9.2 8.2 9.7 10.4

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.1 - 1.5 2.8 3.34.b Thermal Power Generation 11.0 5.4 4.3 5.2 - 6.7 5.8 4.7

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 5.2 6.7 4.6 6.4 - 7.5 8.9 9.1

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.3 20.0 10.5 9.8 - 10.5 12.6 14.1of which 6.a Agriculture - 1.2 0.4 0.3 - 0.5 0.5 0.6

6.b Industry - 11.8 4.8 3.6 - 3.5 3.8 3.96.c Transport - 1.7 2.5 2.3 - 3.3 4.1 4.2

6.d Services - 1.9 0.3 1.0 - 0.9 1.2 1.46.e Households - 3.5 2.5 2.6 - 2.3 3.0 4.0

Table 4.3.4 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - 1.6 2.4 - - 3.7 - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - 0.1 0.3 - - 0.5 - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - 1.5 2.1 - - 3.2 - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - 0.6 1.0 - - 1.2 - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - 0 0 - - 0 - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - 0.6 1.0 - - 1.3 - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - 0.4 0.4 - - 1.2 - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - 1.1 1.7 - - 2.4 - -of which 6.a Agriculture - 0 0 - - 0 - -

6.b Industry - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.4 - -6.c Transport - 0.5 0.8 - - 0.8 - -

6.d Services - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.7 - -6.e Households - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.5 - -

Table 4.3.5 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 50.5 49.7 40.2 45.3 46.0 43.6 44.5 45.02. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.53. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 50.5 49.7 39.7 44.8 45.4 43.1 44.0 44.5


of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.5 3.1 3.5 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.84.b Thermal Power Generation 13.3 12.1 13.5 13.5 13.9 10.8 11.2 11.7

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 18.6 18.4 15.3 16.6 16.9 14.7 15.0 15.2

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 31.9 31.3 24.4 28.2 28.5 28.4 29.0 29.3of which 6.a Agriculture 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

6.b Industry 16.6 15.4 11.6 12.2 12.5 13.1 13.1 13.06.c Transport 1.5 1.4 3.6 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.3

6.d Services 5.0 4.7 2.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.36.e Households 7.0 7.9 5.6 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.1 6.3

2009-180-0004 October 2009 157

Table 4.3.6 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 274,5 350,0 345,6 354,1 332,3 316,0 281,0 252,02. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 19,2 22,5 27,9 27,6 27,0 26,5 26,0 25,03. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 255,3 327,5 317,7 326,5 305,3 289,5 255,0 227,0

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 89,2 138,7 128,0 134,0 131,8 132,0 128,0 121,0

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 19,7 40,8 47,9 49,2 42,3 48,0 37,0 35,04.b Thermal Power Generation 69,5 97,9 80,1 84,8 89,5 84,0 91,0 86,0

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 74,6 104,9 96,1 106,9 88,3 75,5 50,0 28,0

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 180,7 222,6 221,6 219,6 217,0 214,0 205,0 199,0of which 6.a Agriculture 3,0 3,2 2,7 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0

6.b Industry 61,9 69,9 58,1 59,3 58,0 55,0 53,0 51,06.c Transport 40,0 55,8 66,0 62,8 62,0 62,0 58,0 57,0

6.d Services 27,4 37,9 32,8 32,1 31,5 31,0 30,0 29,06.e Households 48,4 55,8 62,0 62,4 62,5 63,0 61,0 59,0

Table 4.3.7 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 20.7 - 20.9 20.6 21.0 21.02. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - - 0.4 0.3 - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - - 20.5 20.3 - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 2.9 - 2.8 3.2 - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 0.5 - - 1.4 - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 2.4 - - 1.8 - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 6.0 - - 6.0 - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.8 13.7 14.5 - 16.0 14.3 - -of which 6.a Agriculture - - 1.1 - 0.8 1.1 - -

6.b Industry - - 2.8 - 3.8 2.7 - -6.c Transport - - 4.3 - 5.4 4.4 - -

6.d Services - - 2.0 - 2.0 1.9 - -6.e Households - - 4.3 - 4.5 4.2 - -

Table 4.3.8 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 4.6 5.0 5.5 - - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 1.5 2.3 2.5 - - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 3.2 2.7 3.0 - - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 2.1 2.1 2.6 - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - - - - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - - - - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 0.9 0.4 0.4 - - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - - 2.3 1.5 1.8 - - -of which 6.a Agriculture - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - -

6.b Industry - - 0.5 0.2 0.3 - - -6.c Transport - - 0.2 0.6 0.6 - - -

6.d Services - - 0.3 0.1 0.1 - - -6.e Households - - 1.2 0.6 0.7 - - -

2009-180-0004 October 2009 158

Table 4.3.9 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 73.4 91.7 130.3 152.7 155.4 167.7 195.9 221.22. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 3.5 6.5 10.0 15.9 16.2 17.3 19.0 21.93. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 69.9 85.2 120.3 136.8 139.2 150.4 176.8 199.3







Table 4.3.10 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 23,1 27,8 33,4 36,4 36,9 37,02. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,8 1,73. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 22,2 26,7 32,2 34,5 35,2


of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2,6 5,6 6,94.b Thermal Power Generation 4,1 3,4 4,4

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4,4 5,5 7,4 8,5 8,5

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 17,7 21,2 24,8 26,0 26,7 27,5 26,7 24,5of which 6.a Agriculture 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,6

6.b Industry 8,2 9,6 12,5 12,6 13,26.c Transport 2,8 4,0 4,3 4,9 5,1

6.d Services 1,6 2,4 2,7 2,7 2,76.e Households 4,3 4,3 4,5 5,0 5,1

Table 4.3.11 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 190.0 229.8 268.7 275.3 - 300.3 322.1 339.42. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 11.8 12.4 17.4 15.4 - 18.3 18.5 19.13. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 178.2 217.4 251.3 259.9 - 282.0 303.6 320.3

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 69.5 93.8 118.5 134.4 - - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 40.2 83.8 107.2 122.8 - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation 29.3 10.0 11.3 11.6 - - - -


6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 134.2 142.6 157.9 161.7 - 177.8 194.8 209.1of which 6.a Agriculture 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 - 3.1 3.1 3.1

6.b Industry 44.9 38.5 38.7 37.4 - 44.1 48.7 52.76.c Transport 32.1 41.7 49.4 50.9 - 56.3 62.2 68.3

6.d Services 24.0 26.4 29.7 22.6 - 22.5 24.7 27.46.e Households 29.9 32.9 37.0 48.0 - 51.9 56.1 57.5

2009-180-0004 October 2009 159

Table 4.3.12 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) UNITED KINGDOM


4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 68.4 78.2 84.6 90.5 90.5 - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 9.2 18.6 23.7 21.2 - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation 59.2 59.6 61.1 69.3 - - - -





Table 4.3.13 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 16.5 24.7 31.4 34.6 41.7 - - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.2 3.1 4.2 4.0 4.5 - - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 15.3 21.6 27.3 30.6 37.2 - - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 5.1 8.9 11.9 11.8 12.0 - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 5.1 8.9 11.9 11.8 12.0 - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - - - - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4.6 7.3 8.9 8.1 8.0 - - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 10.7 14.3 18.4 22.5 29.2 - - -of which 6.a Agriculture 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 - - -

6.b Industry 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.2 5.4 - - -6.c Transport 4.0 5.8 7.3 8.6 8.8 - - -

6.d Services 2.0 3.1 4.5 3.1 8.6 - - -6.e Households 0.3 0.7 1.3 5.4 5.3 - - -

Table 4.3.14 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 30,1 29,1 24,8 27,6 27,1 27,5 30,3 31,72. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1,5 2,3 2,1 2,0 2,0 2,03. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 23,1 25,3 25,0 25,5 28,3 29,7



5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 7,2 7,5 7,6 7,8 8,2 7,4




2009-180-0004 October 2009 160

Table 4.3.15 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 8.1 9.5 14.0 - - 17.6 20.0 -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.3 0.4 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 7.8 9.1 13.6 - - 17.2 19.6 -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 2.4 3.1 5.0 - - 5.7 6.8 -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - 0.4 0.5 -4.b Thermal Power Generation 2.3 3.0 4.9 - - 5.3 6.3 -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 1.6 1.9 3.0 - - 3.0 3.1 -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 6.2 7.2 10.6 - - 14.2 16.5 -of which 6.a Agriculture 0.1 0.2 0.3 - - 0.3 0.3 -

6.b Industry 1.9 1.7 2.3 - - 2.6 3.1 -6.c Transport 1.7 2.0 3.9 - - 5.5 6.5 -

6.d Services 0.6 1.0 1.6 - - 2.5 2.9 -6.e Households 1.8 2.2 2.6 - - 3.2 3.8 -

Table 4.3.16 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 147.0 163.5 185.3 - - 204.2 235.4 257.72. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 12.0 11.0 10.2 - - 11.2 11.9 11.03. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 135.0 152.5 175.1 - - 193.0 223.5 246.7

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 42.0 54.3 64.3 - - 74.6 90.9 108.5

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 12.9 16.1 20.7 - - 29.2 37.8 30.94.b Thermal Power Generation 29.1 38.2 43.6 - - 45.3 53.2 77.6

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 37.6 43.9 51.0 - - 55.1 65.0 73.2

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 97.4 108.6 124.1 - - 137.8 158.5 173.6of which 6.a Agriculture 2.4 3.1 3.2 - - 3.4 3.5 3.7

6.b Industry 37.9 36.5 39.5 - - 42.7 50.2 55.96.c Transport 25.2 34.4 41.5 - - 45.1 51.1 53.1

6.d Services 7.1 9.0 13.2 - - 17.5 23.6 30.26.e Households 24.8 25.6 26.7 - - 29.1 30.1 30.6

Table 4.3.17 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) LITHUANIA



of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0 4.1 1.9 2.3 - 0.1 3.2 3.54.b Thermal Power Generation 2.3 2.1 0.4 0.4 - 2.6 0.7 0.8





2009-180-0004 October 2009 161

Table 4.3.18 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - 3.6 3.6 4.8 - - - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - 0 0 0 - - - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - 3.6 3.6 4.8 - - - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - 0 0 0 - - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - 0 0 0 - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - 0 0 0 - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - 0.2 0 0.4 - - - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - 3.4 3.6 4.4 - - - -of which 6.a Agriculture - 0 0 0 - - - -

6.b Industry - 1.9 1.3 1.1 - - - -6.c Transport - 0.9 1.7 2.6 - - - -

6.d Services - 0 0 0 - - - -6.e Households - 0.5 0.6 0.7 - - - -

Table 4.3.19 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) LATVIA








Table 4.3.20 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 0.9 - - - - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 0 - - - - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 0.9 0.9 1.0 - - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 0.5 0.6 0.7 - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 0 - - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 0.5 - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 0.2 - - - - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - - 0.7 - - - - -of which 6.a Agriculture - - 0 - - - - -

6.b Industry - - 0.2 - - - - -6.c Transport - - 0.3 - - - - -

6.d Services - - 0.1 - - - - -6.e Households - - 0.1 - - - - -

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Table 4.3.21 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) NETHERLANDS








Table 4.3.22 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) POLAND








Table 4.3.23 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) PORTUGAL








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Table 4.3.24 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 41.8 48.9 48.6 47.7 48.9 53.52. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 5.3 9.4 9.4 12.0 12.0 12.03. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 36.5 39.6 39.2 35.7 36.9 41.5

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 11.6 15.5 14.9 13.0 15.1 17.7

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 4.4 6.4 5.8 6.8 9.3 10.64.b Thermal Power Generation - - 7.2 9.1 9.2 6.2 5.8 7.1

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 14.4 14.3 14.1 12.9 12.9 13.3

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - - 22.1 25.3 25.0 22.8 24.0 28.2of which 6.a Agriculture - - 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

6.b Industry - - 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.9 10.7 13.06.c Transport - - 3.5 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.5 5.7

6.d Services - - 0.8 2.8 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.66.e Households - - 8.4 7.9 7.6 7.4 6.4 6.6

Table 4.3.25 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SWEDEN








Table 4.3.26 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 6.3 - - - - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 0 - - - - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 6.3 - - - - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 1.6 - - - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 1.1 - - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 0.5 - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 1.9 - - - - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 3.3 3.4 4.4 - - - - -of which 6.a Agriculture - - - - - - -

6.b Industry - - 1.3 - - - - -6.c Transport - - - - - - -

6.d Services - - 1.4 - - - - -6.e Households - - 1.7 - - - - -

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Table 4.3.27 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements - 22.2 16.2 - - - - -2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - - - - - - -3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - - - - - - -

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - 5.4 4.7 - - - - -

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - 2.3 2.2 - - - - -4.b Thermal Power Generation - 3.1 2.5 - - - - -

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - - - - - - -

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.5 15.5 10.9 - -of which 6.a Agriculture - - - - - - - -

6.b Industry - - - - - - - -6.c Transport - - - - - - - -

6.d Services - - - - - - - -6.e Households - - - - - - - -

Table 4.3.28 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 20.7 24.4 26.7 27.8 27.4 28.6 30.7 33.12. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.4 0.2 -1.0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.53. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 20.3 24.2 27.7 27.9 26.9 28.1 30.2 32.6







Table 4.3.29 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 30.2 36.1 49.1 - - 51.0 55.8 59.02. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.4 1.6 2.1 - - 2.3 2.3 2.33. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 28.8 34.5 47.0 - - 48.7 53.5 56.7

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 18.7 23.7 27.8 - - 30.1 32.2 34.6

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 18.7 23.7 27.7 - - 28.6 29.1 29.74.b Thermal Power Generation 0 0 0.2 - - 1.5 3.2 4.9

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 14.2 17.9 28.0 - - 27.1 30.2 31.5

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.6 16.6 19.0 - - 21.6 23.3 25.2of which 6.a Agriculture 0.7 - - 0.8 0.8 0.8

6.b Industry 5.9 6.1 7.7 - - 7.7 8.1 8.86.c Transport 2.9 3.6 4.4 - - 5.7 6.3 7.0

6.d Services - - 2.5 - - 3.0 3.3 3.56.e Households - - 3.7 - - 4.4 4.8 5.1

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Table 4.3.30 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 20301. Total Primary Energy Requirements 32,0 53,0 81,7 102,2 107,7 126,3 222,42. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0,6 1,0 2,4 4,7 4,5 2,5 3,23. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 31,4 52,0 79,3 95,5 103,2 123,8 219,2

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 4,3 10,7 24,7 30,7 34,8 41,9 84,8

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 1,0 2,1 2,7 3,9 3,2 5,7 18,74.b Thermal Power Generation 3,3 8,6 22,0 26,8 31,6 36,2 66,1

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4,4 11,3 20,7 22,2 24,9 26,9 52,1

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 27,0 40,7 58,6 73,3 78,3 96,9 167,1of which 6.a Agriculture 1,0 2,0 3,1 3,6 3,9 4,4 6,8

6.b Industry 8,0 14,6 23,6 31,0 32,4 43,6 78,76.c Transport 5,2 8,7 12,0 15,0 17,3 19,9 34,0

6.d Services6.e Households 12,8 15,4 19,9 23,7 24,7 29,0 47,6

* Households include the services category

2009-180-0004 October 2009 166

4.4 Comments

BULGARIA The total net electricity generation in Bulgaria during 2007 was 39.1 TWh, out of which 13.6 TWh by the NPP Kozloduy, 22.1 TWh by conventional TPPs on fossil fuel, 3.2 TWh by HPPs and 0.2 TWh by other renewables. The electricity from TPPs was generated mainly by the units at the Maritsa East site, burning domestic lignite. The export of electricity to the neighboring countries in 2007 was 5407 GWh. The export capabilities of the country ware significant reduced after the decommissioning of the unit 3&4 in NPP Kozloduy in the end of 2006.

GERMANY When evaluating generation programmes it is assumed that a certain amount of the generating capacity is not available during the period of maximum peak demand due to low hydro output during the winter period, devoted capacities to heat production in CHP stations or a discontinuous supply of wind power stations. Furthermore a reserve has to be provided for the case of shutdowns and demand variations due to the economic situation or caused by the weather.

SPAIN Table 4.1. Foreseeable not available capacity is associated to hydro power plants stations, since their effective capacity is heavily dependent of hydro conditions, and to the irregular capacity contributions of electricity production from RES. Peak demand data do not include the one corresponding to autoproducer's self-consumption.

LITHUANIA During the peak load in the energy system, the capacities of small hydro power plants, wind power, other renewable and to some extent of the autoproducers are not taken into consideration.

LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg is still a net importing country for electricity, as it is also for all other energy sources.

LATVIA Latvia is power deficit country. The necessary amount of electricity was imported from Russia, Lithuania and Estonia. Latvenergo HPPs (run-of-river type) are located on the River Daugava. They are used to cover peak loads as well as for the spinning reserve for the Baltic region. The generation depends on water inflow. During spring flood period, about two months, Latvian HPPs can supply the whole national demand. Due to the irregular water supply, there are big fluctuations in the generation of the electric energy. For example, in 1998 there were generated by HPPs 4.3 TWh, but in 1996 only – 1.8 TWh.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 167

MALTA The balancing of generating plant takes into account a number of factors, some of which are conflicting: • Seasonal load changes. • Daily load changes. • Climatic predictions /changes on weekly, daily and even hourly bases. • Hourly load changes. • Technical Limitations. • Plant availability • National / International activities. • Economic considerations. • Environmental considerations. • Legal obligations (20,000 hour rule for MPS) Dispatching is in fact not carried out by having a separate Dispatching Centre. This is because of the small size of our network grid, the fact that there are only two power stations operated by the same company. The work carried out by a dispatching centre, is in Malta being carried out by the Power Station Control room and Operations Engineers.

POLAND The directions of Polish energy exchanges are the same like in the past years. Directions of Polish imports and exports structure till the year 2020 is shown on Fig.1.

Fig.1 Directions of current and future Polish electricity exchange Based on information presented in UCTE Report all import concerns on the Polish- Swedish and Polish-Ukraine border.

Germany

POLAND

Sweden

Ukraine

SlovakiaCzech Republic

UCTE

Lithuania

Existed Connections

Planned Connections

2009-180-0004 October 2009 168

Connection between Poland and Sweden is set on DC cable. Connections with Lithuania and Ukraine are planned as back-to-back stations. Imports from UCTE countries should be executed through existing and planned interconnections with neighbouring countries. In 2008 year the electric energy exchange balance was essentially reduced due to priority for covering national demand.

PORTUGAL The foreseeable not available capacity corresponds to a percentage of the installed capacity of the special regime generation (excluding hydro) defined according with the technology. The required reserve capacity considers: • The forced outage of the thermal and hydro units with higher capacity of the public electricity system in

the peak period; • The temperature effect on the annual peak load (a maximum increase of 6.9% on the expected peak

was assumed); • The capacity limitation of the hydro subsystem for dry conditions, in the period of the year where peak

demand is expected to occur.

TURKEY To meet increasing electrical energy demand with sufficient reliability under various constraints and in a least-cost manner. Totally 59 GW of new capacity will be added to the generating system till 2020. Consequently, the reserve margins for the year 2010 and 2020 have been calculated as 26% and 21%, respectively.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 169

V. ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation

Table 5.1.1 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 38.0 37.0 32.0 32.0Brown Coal 27.0 23.0 13.0 0 0Oil 50.0 17.0 17.0 18.0 22.0Natural Gas 35.0 64.0 72.0 171.0 194.0Derived Gas 5.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 10.0Other Fuels 3.0 7.0 21.0 26.0 28.0Thermal Total 120.0 157.0 169.0 257.0 286.0

Table 5.1.2 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030

Coal 125.0 106.0Brown Coal 0 0Oil 3.9 11.0Natural Gas 147.6 258.0Derived Gas 27.5 19.2Other Fuels 0 0Thermal Total 304.0 394.2

Table 5.1.3 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 77.5 65.4 19.1 49.7 60.5 51.1 43.3 18.2Brown Coal 106.7 128.5 140.0 167.6 187.1 213.1 165.2 156.7Oil 259.1 17.2 10.0 3.4 4.7 5.5 5.2 4.2Natural Gas 16.3 13.2 10.7 15.7 17.4 14.7 30.2 40.1Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 459.7 224.3 179.8 236.4 269.7 284.4 243.9 219.2

Table 5.1.4 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 12.9 22.5 38.3 49.2 53.3 42.0 4.6 3.3Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 58.0 77.8Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 12.9 22.5 38.3 49.2 53.3 42.0 62.7 81.0

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Table 5.1.5 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 82.0 63.0 76.1 67.5 68.0 76.4 76.4 76.4Brown Coal 448.0 426.0 445.0 480.4 503.0 344.2 359.1 350.0Oil 11.0 5.0 5.6 3.7 3.5 2.4 2.4 2.4Natural Gas 2.0 2.0 9.4 7.1 7.5 7.8 7.8 10.0Derived Gas 9.0 7.0 20.1 20.8 22.0 21.4 21.4 15.4Other Fuels 2.0 2.0 4.3 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Thermal Total 554.0 505.0 560.5 581.0 605.0 453.2 468.1 455.2

Table 5.1.6 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 1,046.0 1,270.0 1,268.0 1,234.0 1,345.0 1,100.0 1,030.0 870.0Brown Coal 962.0 1,795.0 1,420.0 1,435.0 1,480.0 1,400.0 1,320.0 1,270.0Oil 209.0 109.0 71.0 76.0 79.0 70.0 50.0 30.0Natural Gas 551.0 336.0 391.0 571.0 594.0 620.0 980.0 1,050.0Derived Gas 0 99.0 90.0 99.0 100.0 80.0 50.0 35.0Other Fuels 135.0 32.0 50.0 90.0 94.0 100.0 100.0 90.0Thermal Total 2,903.0 3,641.0 3,290.0 3,505.0 3,692.0 3,370.0 3,530.0 3,345.0

Table 5.1.7 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 216.0 230.0 162.0 222.3 184.7 150.0 100.0 70.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 48.0 8.0 39.0 16.6 13.9 20.0 20.0 20.0Natural Gas 0 7.0 89.0 93.4 73.4 120.0 160.0 170.0

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 1.0 29.0 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 264.0 246.0 319.0 332.3 272.0 290.0 280.0 260.0

Table 5.1.8 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 0.4 0.3 0.3Natural Gas 3.0 2.3 1.5Derived Gas 0 0 0Other Fuels 85.5 83.8 106.5Thermal Total 88.9 86.4 108.3

Table 5.1.9 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 233.0 467.0 601.0 516.0 560.0 402.0 184.0 156.0Brown Coal 93.0 131.0 137.0 123.0 131.0 94.0 56.0 0Oil 391.0 86.0 177.0 155.0 138.0 148.0 143.0 169.0Natural Gas 17.0 21.0 129.0 586.0 612.0 753.0 1,150.0 1,215.0Derived GasOther FuelsThermal Total 735.0 704.0 1,044.0 1,381.0 1,442.0 1,397.0 1,534.0 1,540.0

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Table 5.1.10 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 103.0 61.0 60.0 117.0 97.0 67.0 50.0 29.0Brown Coal 4.0 17.0 22.0 43.0 46.0 33.0 27.0 26.0Oil 27.0 10.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0Natural Gas 12.6 24.8 41.0 58.0 46.0 59.0 75.0 68.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 29.2 46.3 54.0 68.0 62.0 63.0 70.0 73.0Thermal Total 176.0 159.0 184.0 289.0 254.0 224.0 224.0 198.0 Table 5.1.11 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 605.0 303.5 328.9Brown Coal 8.0 4.9 5.3Oil 473.0 70.4 76.3Natural Gas 62.0 18.3 19.8Derived Gas 80.0 48.2 52.2Other Fuels 0 9.7 10.5Thermal Total 1,228.0 455.0 493.0

Table 5.1.12 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 2,176.0 2,077.0 1,200.0 1,505.0 1377.0 1,354.0 965.0 827.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 392.0 350.0 65.0 63.0 51.0 43.0 2.0 0Natural Gas 48.0 23.0 1,169.0 1,115.0 1271.0 1,392.0 1,693.0 1,465.0Derived Gas 20.0 20.0 0 0 0 79.0 79.0 0Other Fuels 5.0 15.0 57.0 66.0 58.0 79.0 79.0 0Thermal Total 2,641.0 2,485.0 2,490.0 2,749.0 2,757.0 2,997.0 2,948.0 2,574.0

Table 5.1.13 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.2 0.2Brown Coal 105.7 258.8 340.1 333.9 345.0 343.0 316.0Oil 93.8 78.3 90.1 86.9 84.1 70.1 25.0Natural Gas 0 0 58.5 87.7 88.4 117.1 184.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other FuelsThermal Total 199.5 337.1 488.6 508.4 517.8 530.4 525.7

Table 5.1.14 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 16.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 40.0 60.0Brown Coal 160.0 108.0 104.0 68.0 71.0 65.0 50.0 42.0Oil 44.0 19.0 43.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0Natural Gas 109.0 74.0 77.0 138.0 152.0 130.0 130.0 150.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 1.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 40.0 50.0Thermal Total 313.0 217.0 236.0 253.0 271.0 246.0 266.0 308.0

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Table 5.1.15 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 51.0 61.0 64.0 64.0Brown Coal 19.0 24.0 21.0 25.0 25.0Oil 51.0 14.0 44.0 10.0 10.0Natural Gas 18.0 34.0 76.0 124.0 163.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 88.0 123.0 202.0 223.0 262.0 Table 5.1.16 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 123.0 284.0 252.0 488.0 550.0 791.0Brown Coal 13.0 11.0 0 0 0 0Oil 955.0 913.0 808.0 170.0 160.0 250.0Natural Gas 82.0 337.0 784.0 1,171.0 1,445.0 2,127.0Derived Gas 38.0 46.0 40.0 59.0 60.0 64.0Other Fuels 6.0 7.0 26.0 149.0 285.0 415.0Thermal Total 1,217.0 1,598.0 1,910.0 2,037.0 2,500.0 3,647.0

Table 5.1.17 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 98.3 41.7 5.0 0.2 5.0 15.9 3.3 1.4Natural Gas 3.1 48.8 11.6 17.2 28.1 87.2 50.0 51.2Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.5Thermal Total 101.4 90.5 16.6 17.5 33.6 104.0 56.2 56.1

Table 5.1.18 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 6.2 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0Oil 1.0 2.8 0.2 0Natural Gas 3.1 13.4 53.0 611.0Derived Gas 177.3 0 0Other Fuels 11.1 26.8 30.8 38.2Thermal Total 21.4 220.3 84.0 649.2

Table 5.1.19 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4 5.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 5.8 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7Natural Gas 4.4 11.3 7.0 7.3 6.7 7.9 13.5 19.5Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 10.2 13.3 8.0 7.7 7.1 8.3 19.4 25.2

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Table 5.1.20 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0Oil 22.2 26.3 26.4Natural Gas 0 0 0Derived Gas 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0Thermal Total 22.2 26.3 26.4

Table 5.1.21 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 61.0 234.0 219.0 205.0 213.0 215.0 408.0 399.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 214.0 2.0 1.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0Natural Gas 214.0 317.0 360.0 542.0 571.0 564.0 570.0 721.0Derived Gas 16.0 18.0 24.0Other Fuels 0 0 6.0 193.0 196.0 381.0 466.0 525.0Thermal Total 505.0 571.0 610.0 951.0 991.0 1,172.0 1,455.0 1,657.0

Table 5.1.22 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 955.0 754.0 773.3 816.1 832.6 779.8 864.1 924.7Brown Coal 260.0 549.0 495.3 524.2 499.6 557.7 501.0 401.8Oil 29.0 17.0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 16.1 31.8 34.1 30.5 113.0 151.7Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 1,244.0 1,320.0 1,284.7 1,372.1 1,366.3 1,368.0 1,478.1 1,478.2

Table 5.1.23 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 3.6 84.5 133.6 136.5 112.8 99.7 46.4 56.1Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 61.5 84.6 65.1 37.1 34.5 20.4 20.1 19.0Natural Gas 0 0 48.0 81.7 87.7 110.3 131.3 174.9Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 4.1 3.2 13.5 17.9 19.4 23.0 31.9 31.8Thermal Total 69.3 172.2 260.2 273.2 254.4 253.4 229.7 281.8

Table 5.1.24 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 72.0 45.0 45.0 46.5 55.7 19.3 37.8 89.8Brown Coal 129.0 161.0 149.0 218.5 218.5 191.9 125.2 131.4Oil 67.0 117.0 26.0 10.5 6.5 10.3 1.9 1.3Natural Gas 255.0 249.0 81.0 104.9 103.1 40.0 77.6 75.6Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 523.0 572.0 301.0 380.4 383.8 261.4 242.4 298.0

2009-180-0004 October 2009 174

Table 5.1.25 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 1.0 5.3 7.9 4.6 3.8 1.9 0 0Brown Coal 0 0.3 0.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0Oil 54.6 6.0 7.7 8.7 6.0 5.6 3.6 3.6Natural Gas 0 1.7 2.1 2.5 4.9 14.3 13.5 13.5Derived Gas 0.2 3.9 5.5 5.3 7.0 1.5 1.8 1.8Other Fuels 3.6 8.6 19.1 41.2 40.2 43.7 52.0 66.0Thermal Total 59.3 25.7 42.5 64.6 64.1 67.0 71.0 85.0

Table 5.1.26 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 44.0 46.0 47.0 50.0 49.0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0Oil 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Natural Gas 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0Thermal Total 45.0 47.0 49.0 53.0 53.0

Table 5.1.27 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030CoalBrown CoalOil 23.2 10.3Natural GasDerived GasOther FuelsThermal Total 139.0 97.0 122.0 143.0 157.0 Table 5.1.28 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6Thermal Total 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4

Table 5.1.29 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0Natural Gas 0 0 0 29.2 66.4 97.4Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0Other Fuels 1.6 5.6 7.4 4.6 4.6 4.6Thermal Total 1.6 5.6 7.4 33.8 71.0 102.1

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Table 5.1.30 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030Coal 20.0 9.0 38.0 120.0 131.3 117.0 420.0Brown Coal 50.0 208.0 404.0 338.0 409.0 609.0 1,175.0Oil 70.0 47.0 117.0 43.0 43.3 67.0 61.0Natural Gas 97.0 362.0 618.0 735.4 724.0 1,110.0Derived GasOther Fuels 2.0 2.4Thermal Total 140.0 361.0 921.0 1,121.0 1,321.4 1,517.0 2,766.0

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5.2 Emissions Table 5.2.1 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) AUSTRIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 109.9 15.1 3.1 2.7NOx 26.5 14.5 7.7 9.9CO2 11,550 12,400 9,700 10,434 Table 5.2.2 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) BELGIUM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 352.0 995.2 34.8 25.1 18.4 8.0

NOx 87.0 60.6 41.8 28.3 24.4 16.0CO2 31,604 23,504 23,084 22,636 22,740 22,540

Table 5.2.3 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) BULGARIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 975.0 1,068.0 881.0 868.0 980.1 516.6 443.1 391.8NOx 62.1 69.1 53.5 59.8 67.5 44.4 38.1 31.1CO2 23,244 25,910 21,066 21,398 24,161 28,278 24,251 19,806 Table 5.2.4 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) CYPRUS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 16.0 29.0 30.6 26.9 25.2 3.0 2.0 3.0NOx 2.6 4.1 4.6 7.6 7.9 1.0 1.0 1.0CO2 964 1,667 2,836 3,653 3,801 4,042 Table 5.2.5 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) CZECH REPUBLIC

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 400.0 62.0 64.0 62.0 53.0 53.0 43.0NOx 58.0 63.0 65.0 64.0 51.0 52.8 41.4CO2 42,000 55,750 51,000 53,000 39,000 40,500 40,000 Table 5.2.6 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) GERMANY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 3,660.0 2,040.0 163.0 156.0 160.0NOx 990.0 385.0 182.0 203.0 208.0CO2 327,000 289,100 279,000 289,000 296,000 Table 5.2.7 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) DENMARK

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 207.0 119.0 16.0 10.3 9.3 8.0 7.6 7.0NOx 121.0 90.0 48.0 45.5 35.5 38.0 16.1 16.0CO2 24,038 20,741 19,827 28,300 23,100 27,000 18,000 18,000 Table 5.2.8 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) ESTONIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 175.9 74.5 48.0 69.2NOx 16.3 10.3 7.9 11.3CO2 20,158 10,866 9,055 11,865

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Table 5.2.9 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SPAIN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 1,835.0 1,442.0 1,064.0 905.0 936.0 336.0 117.0 113.0NOx 225.0 210.0 283.0 260.0 277.0 212.0 67.0 59.0CO2 59,187 64,957 88,886 102,615 107,857 97,362 93,505 89,464

Table 5.2.10 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) FINLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030

SO2 112.0 52.0 15.5 24.4 17.9 10.2 7.4NOx 54.0 38.0 20.2 32.9 24.2 15.8 13.6CO2 13,000 10,000 11,000 21,000 17,000 13,000 14,000 14,000

Table 5.2.11 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) FRANCE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 978.0 293.4 117.3NOx 316.0 94.5 91.9CO2 82,000 37,700 31,300 34,700 25,169 30,700 27,000

Table 5.2.12 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) UNITED KINGDOM

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 3,658.0 3,042.0 915.0 430.0 414.0 175.0 173.0NOx 1,170.0 1,047.0 550.0 565.0 501.0 382.0 373.0CO2 301,000 204,500 158,700 181,200 177,300

Table 5.2.13 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) GREECE

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2NOxCO2 54,764

Table 5.2.14 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) HUNGARY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 654.0 439.0 356.0 8.0 14.0 10.0 10.0 10.0NOx 30.0 31.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 18.0 15.0CO2 20,595 13,759 14,847 14,100 15,000 17,000

Table 5.2.15 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) IRELAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 93.0 103.0 79.0 18.0 14.0NOx 21.0 46.0 40.0 20.0 21.0CO2 7,800 11,000 15,100 14,411 13,933 16,250 17,500

Table 5.2.16 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) ITALY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 1,510.0 855.0 438.0 154.8 113.1 122.0 117.0 148.0NOx 405.0 490.0 255.0 122.7 112.0 120.0 118.0 160.0CO2 96,300 123,400 134,000 139,000 143,000

Table 5.2.17 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) LITHUANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 96.4 40.9 4.9 3.0 4.8 1.6 0.4 0.2NOx 15.3 13.6 2.5 3.5 5.7 17.9 9.1 8.9CO2 7,880 6,054 1,053 1,240 2,042 6,295 3,414 3,395

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Table 5.2.18 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) LUXEMBOURG

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0NOx 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7CO2 840 140 1,015 1,091

Table 5.2.19 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) LATVIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 1.5 9.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 3.4 3.2NOx 0.9 2.7 1.2 2.4 2.3 3.3 9.6 8.6CO2 680 780 561 1,249 1,393 1,400 1,300 1,400

Table 5.2.20 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) MALTA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 25.1 9.1 12.4NOx 4.7 5.4 5.5CO2 1,682 1,986 2,027

Table 5.2.21 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) NETHERLANDS

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 196.0 45.0 16.0 12.0 11.0 8.0 6.0 5.0NOx 84.0 73.0 43.0 37.0 35.0 31.0 28.0 25.0CO2 35,400 38,600 42,509 54,500 54,300 53,000 50,000 45,000

Table 5.2.22 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) POLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 1,770.0 1,450.0 739.4 674.4 649.1 315.5 213.1 207.1NOx 362.0 221.0 209.2 208.3 192.3 137.2 137.2CO2 138,300 127,272 127,724 128,910 131,924 138,924 138,934

Table 5.2.23 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) PORTUGAL

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 92.0 184.0 149.6 96.6 87.7 28.9 16.4 12.6NOx 20.0 63.0 65.2 59.3 53.6 30.8 18.7 19.3CO2 5,080 15,000 20,249 21,637 19,299 17,163 14,074 13,895

Table 5.2.24 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) ROMANIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 530.0 607.0 486.0 647.4 661.3 211.0 38.9 50.5NOx 126.0 134.0 79.0 97.8 100.5 50.9 31.4 43.4CO2 39,255 43,701 25,803 32,450 32,928 23,691 20,297 26

Table 5.2.25 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SWEDEN

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 66.0 9.5 2.7 8.3 6.9 3.1 2.8 3.4NOx 9.8 3.5 3.0 4.1 4.0 4.6 4.8 5.7CO2 4,300 1,500 2,000 2,100 2,200 1,800 1,500 1,500

Table 5.2.26 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SLOVENIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 139.8 80.0 40.0 34.0NOx 16.3 10.0 8.0 8.0CO2 5,151 4,795 6,340 6,564 4,320 4,000

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Table 5.2.27 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SLOVAKIA

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 139.8 80.0 33.2 40.0 34.0NOx 16.3 10.0 6.5 8.0 8.0CO2 5,151 4,795 8,275 4,103 4,320 4,000

Table 5.2.28 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SWITZERLAND

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NOx 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2CO2 330 770 1,000 704 1,056 1,408 1,584

Table 5.2.29 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) NORWAY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 0.6 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.8NOx 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.9 3.8 5.3CO2 135 459 606 432 586 2,042 4,164 5,933

Table 5.2.30 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) TURKEY

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 239.0 791.0 1,399.0 922.0 936.5 1,019.0 1,196.0NOx 35.0 117.0 216.0 198.0 202.0 316.0 518.0CO2 11,896 30,325 72,089 85,312 100,662 116,534 221,956

Table 5.2.31 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) EU-27

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 16,911.8 13,694.2 5,834.2 4,103.1 4,141.8 2,154.9 1,297.9 1,178.2NOx 3,736.2 3,337.8 2,122.0 1,658.1 1,614.5 1,389.4 984.6 958.2CO2 989,362.0 1,142,114.0 1,112,569.0 1,190,243.0 1,253,827.6 N/A N/A N/A

Table 5.2.32 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) EU-30

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030SO2 17,151.4 14,487.7 7,236.5 5,026.4 5,078.3 3,175.7 2,495.7 1,180.0NOx 3,771.4 3,455.7 2,339.4 1,857.1 1,817.0 1,708.1 1,507.4 964.7CO2 1,001,393.0 1,173,228.0 1,186,034.0 1,276,987.0 1,355,779.6 N/A N/A N/A

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5.3 Comments

BULGARIA In 2006 CO2 emissions by the electricity generation in Bulgaria ware 24833 ktons. Compared to the previous year, they increased too big - about 16%. The main reason for that fact was the significant growth of TPP’s generation, which compensated the shutdown of the old nuclear units in NPP Kozloduy. The same tendency is and by SO2 and NOx emissions. In 2007 they ware respectively 1007 ktons and 69.4 ktons.

GERMANY The SO2 emissions of the public utilities in 2007 amount to 160,000 tons. This means a reduction by 92% compared to 1990 when public utility power plants emitted about 2 million tons of SO2.

SPAIN Table 5.1. From 2010 on, brown coal plants will burn imported coal. Table 5.2. The CO2 emissions correspond to the total electricity generation of Spain, that is, including electricity and CHP plants of any size. Only 50% of the CO2 emissions of CHP plants have been assigned to electricity generated by such plants (this assumption also applies to CHP fuel consumption). The SO2 and NOx future emission data have been estimated taking into account the expected evolution of the corresponding international protocols and their implementation in the European Union.

LITHUANIA According to the National Energy Strategy the main directions are to increase the share of natural gas and local fuel in the balance of primary energy resources, to ensured safe operation and continuous implementation of the safety measures in the Ignalina NPP, to reduce emissions and to develop the taxation (emission trading) system.

LUXEMBOURG The government continues strongly to promote renewable energy production and energy saving measures to fulfil the Kyoto protocols. The contribution of renewable energies to the total consumption in 2007 in the public grid was as follow: Hydro: 4.0 % Wind: 2.4 % Photovoltaic: 0.7 % Biogas: 1.4 % Waste incineration: 1.4 %

LATVIA There are no problems with the application of the Kyoto protocol for Latvia. The current level of emissions is low. The level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita was 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2007. In Latvia electricity is produced only by hydropower plants and combined heat-power plants. The emissions of power plants are rather low. Natural gas is the main fuel in CHPs. There is no thermal conventional (condensing) production. Therefore, we can say that almost all electricity generated in Latvia is the “green” one.

2009-180-0004 October 2009 181

MALTA In order to fulfil our environmental obligations, all the generating plant must generate emissions below the limits set in the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD). Furthermore, from 2010 Malta will have to meet the National emissions limits under the National Emissions Ceiling Directive (NEC) and for 2006 it was obliged to meet the emissions limits for green house gases (GHG) under the National Allocation Plan (NAP). Marsa Station will be decommissioned by 2015 or 20,000 hrs from 1st January 2008. In the case of the Delimara steam plant, modifications to the boiler for the reduction of NOx emissions are required.

POLAND Possibilities and methods for the reduction of air pollution emissions in Poland: 1) Improvement in the efficiency of end-user consumption of electrical power and heating energy -

technical solutions and education, 2) Modification of the structure of fuel use, development of gas-based energy, 3) Improved efficiency of energy generation processes: modernization of existing facilities, introduction

of new technologies, development of dispersed energy generation and increases in associated generation,

4) Development of renewable energy sources, 5) Reduction "low emissions" by the household and communal sectors. The EU Environmental Directive 2001/80/EC put into effect in November 2001 gave new challenge for Polish generation system. The binding target of a 20% share of renewable energies in overall EU energy consumption by 2020 presented in the Presidency Conclusions from the Council of the European Union (8/9 March 2007) will have additional impact for future structure of electric energy production in Poland.

PORTUGAL Concerning the atmospheric emissions from electricity generation, the values up to 2007 are the observed ones for the public system power plants and are estimated values for CHP generation. For the future years, the values were calculated on the basis of emission coefficients established for planning purposes and forecasted thermal generation for average hydrological conditions. The reduction of the SO2 emissions is linked to the reduction of the sulphur content in fuels, to the progressive decrease of the production of fueloil plants together with the increase of generation based on combined cycle technology using natural gas and to the installation of SO2 emissions abatement technologies in the existing coal plants.

TURKEY Energy policy of Turkey is to provide energy supply in a reliable, sufficient and economic manner, regarding the targeted economic and social development and taking into account the environmental concerns. The main objective of Turkish environmental policy is to protect and improve the environment within the framework of sustainable development. However, due to the considerably high financial burden of the environmental investments there are some difficulties for taking all the required measures in some existing power plants, particularly lignite-fired thermal power plants.

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The recent environmental studies are mostly concentrated on the issues related to the EU, particularly on the harmonisation of legislation with the environmental acquis of EU, since Turkey is within the accession partnership. The other important issue is related to the Climate Change since Turkey has been party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in 2004. In this framework, Initial National Communication was prepared and submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat. These studies have been carried out under the responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in co-operation with the related sectors, including electricity sector.

Annex 1 : List of contributing organisations

The information contained in this report was collected during the first quarter of 2009 by the following organisations: AT • VEÖ "Verband der Elektrizitätsunternehmen

Österreichs" http://www.veoe.at

IE • ESB Power Generation http://www.esb.ie

BE • Federation of Belgian Electricity and Gas Companies http://www.febeg.be

IT • Gestore Servizi Elettrici s.p.a http://www.gse.it/

BG • Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD http://www.nek.bg/

LT • Lithuanian Electricity Association http://www.leea.lt

CH • VSE / AES http://www.vse.ch/

LU • Enovos Luxembourg S.A. http://www.enovos.eu/

CY • Electricity Authority of Cyprus

http://www.eac.com.cy/

LV • Latvenergo http://www.latvenergo.lv

CZ • CSZE - Czech Association of Employers in Electricity Industry http://www.csze.cz

MT • Enemalta http://www.enemalta.com.mt;

DE • BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. http://www.bdew.de

NL • TenneT TSO B.V http://www.tennet.org

DK • Danish Energy Association http://www.danel.dk/

NO • Statnett SF http://www.statnett.no

EE • Eesti Energia AS. http://www.energia.ee

PL • PSE-Operator S.A. http://www.pse-operator.pl

ES • Spanish Electricity Industry Association http://www.unesa.es/index.htm

PT • Rede Electrica Nacional S.A. http://www.ren.pt/

FI • Energiateollisuus ry http://www.energia.fi

RO • TRANSELECTRICA http://www.transelectrica.ro/

FR • Union Française de l'Electricité http://www.ufe-electricite.fr/

SE • Svensk Energi Swedelec AB http://www.svenskenergi.se/

GB • The National Grid Company http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/

SI • Elektro-Slovenija d.o.o. http://www.eles.si

GR• Public Power Corporation http://www.dei.gr/

SK • Union of Employers of Power Industry in Slovakia http://www.zzes.sk/

HU • MAVIR ZRt. http://www.mavir.hu

TR • Türkiye Elektrik -Iletim A.S. http://www.teias.gov.tr/

Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC aisbl Boulevard de l’Impératrice, 66 - bte 2 B - 1000 Brussels • Belgium Tel: + 32 2 515 10 00 • Fax: + 32 2 515 10 10 VAT: BE 0462 679 112 • www.eurelectric.org

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