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Europe Explores
the GlobeAge of Exploration
Notes
I.) Origins of overseas exploration
A. Reasons for voyages beginning in 1400’s:1. economic 2. religious reasons3. spirit of adventure
A. Portugal takes the lead and heads east!
1. Henry the Navigator- 1420 explores west coast of Africa- discovers new source for gold
2. Bartholomeu Dias - 1488 rounds Cape of Good Hope
(Africa)
3. Vasco da Gama- 1498 rounds Cape of Good Hope and cuts
across to India (spices)
II.) The Explorers
B. Spain takes a route west!
1. Christopher Columbus- travels west to find sea route to Asia- 1492 discovers Hispaniola and Cuba
2. Ferdinand Magellan- 1519 sets sail to find passage through America- 1520 passes through “Strait of Magellan”- first person to circumnavigate the globe
C. Treaty of Tordesillas: signed 1494; line in Atlantic giving Spain trade rights to route to Americas & trade rights to Africa
1. Amerigo Vespucci (Portugal & Spain)- crossed Atlantic several times
between 1497-1504- argued land was not Asia, called it
“New World”- mapmakers begin calling land
“America”
D. Britain begins to build an empire!1. 1500’s = busy with problems at home2. 1600’s = begin to explore and colonize
E. Queen Elizabeth I1. wants to expand Britain’s power overseas2. grants a charter to the British East India Company
- set up trading posts, expand influence, defend interests
F. John Cabot (1497-98)1. explores Americas (New England coast)
for EnglandG. Sea Dogs: English sea captains/pirates/traders who sail
Atlantic challenging Spain & Portugal for sea tradeExamples: Sir Francis Drake
Sir Walter RaleighSir John Hawkins
H. Henry Hudson 1. explores Americas for NW Passage & discovers Hudson Bay & River
I. British Settlements in America1. Jamestown (1607)2. Plymouth (1620)