EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1: 64-78)

REGIONS OFEUROPE

•WESTERN

•BRITISH ISLES

•NORTHERN

•MEDITERRANEAN

•EASTERN

MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SIX COUNTRIES A DISCONTINUOUS

REGION ON THE PERIPHERY CULTURAL

CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE HOT - DRY SUMMERS WARM/COOL - MOIST

WINTERS

ITALY

MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES (57.8 MILLION)

BEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN CORE MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCED DISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH

CONTRAST (ANCONA LINE ) MILAN

ITALY’S LARGEST CITY (4.1 MILLION PEOPLE) AND MANUFACTURING CENTER

ALSO THE COUNTRY’S FINANCIAL AND SERVICE-INDUSTRY CENTER

IBERIA SPAIN

42.6 MILLION DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT WITH 17

AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES CATALONIA (6.5 MILLION) IS THE LEADING

INDUSTRIAL AREA MADRID – THE COUNTRY’S PRIMATE CITY

PORTUGAL 10.5 MILLION POPULATION EXHIBITS A COASTAL ORIENTATION LISBON – THE COUNTRY’S PRIMATE CITY

GREECE, CYPRUS, & MALTA

GREECE A CRADLE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION 11 MILLION PEOPLE ATHENS – PRIMATE CITY A GEOGRAPHICALLY FRAGMENTED COUNTRY

CYPRUS GREEK MAJORITY WITH A TURK MINORITY STILL CONTESTED WITH A NORTHERN TURKISH AND

SOUTHERN GREEK SECTOR MALTA

A SMALL ARCHIPELAGO WITH ABOUT 400,000 PEOPLE AN ANCIENT CROSSROADS RELIES ON TOURISM

FORMEREASTERNEUROPE

EASTERN EUROPE(REGIONAL IDENTIFIERS)

EUROPE’S LARGEST REGION ADJOINS 3 OF 4 OTHER EUROPEAN REGIONS CONTAINS THE MOST COUNTRIES INCLUDES EUROPE’S LARGEST STATE INCORPORATES EUROPE’S POOREST

COUNTRY IN 1990, NONE OF ITS STATES COULD MEET

THE CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU REACHES INTO THE RUSSIAN ZONE OF

INFLUENCE

KEY CONCEPTS BALKANIZATION IRREDENTISM ETHNIC CLEANSING DEVOLUTION SHATTER BELT

BALKANIZATION

FROM THE VERB BALKANIZE, WHICH MEANS TO BREAK UP (AS IN A REGION) INTO SMALLER AND OFTEN HOSTILE UNITS

ORIGINATES FROM A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN BULGARIA

APPLIED TO THE SOUTHERN HALF OF EASTERN EUROPE, i.e., THE BALKAN COUNTRIES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA

UNDERLYING FORCES

CENTRIFUGAL FORCES REFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A

COUNTRY RELIGIOUS, LINGUISTIC, ETHNIC, OR

IDEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES

CENTRIPETAL FORCES FORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY

TOGETHER A STRONG NATIONAL CULTURE, SHARED

IDEOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES, AND A COMMON FAITH

IRREDENTISM A POLICY OF CULTURAL

EXTENSION AND POLITICAL EXPANSION AIMED AT A NATIONAL GROUP LIVING IN A NEIGHBORING COUNTRY

BA

A

RIVER & BORDER

COUNTRIES

MINORITYPOPULATION

BORDERADJUSTMENT

ETHNIC CLEANSING REFERS TO THE FORCIBLE

OUSTER OF ENTIRE POPULATIONS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS BY STRONGER POWERS BENT ON TAKING THEIR TERRITORIES

AB

A

COUNTRIES

BORDER

MINORITYPOPULATION

SHATTER BELT

A TERM APPLIED TO EASTERN EUROPE BY GEOGRAPHERS TO DESCRIBE A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND FRACTURING

WHY HERE?

THE NEW EASTERN EUROPE

COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA

THE LANDLOCKED CENTER

COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA

COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA

POLAND A CLASSIC NATION-STATE TRADITIONALLY AGRARIAN - WHEAT POST WWII INDUSTRY - SILESIA WARSAW - PRIMATE CITY

LITHUANIA LOST INDEPENDENCE IN 1940, REGAINED IN 1991 KALININGRAD - A RUSSIAN EXCLAVE

LATVIA SIMILAR HISTORY AS LITHUANIA CONSTITUTE BARE MAJORITY IN OWN COUNTRY

BELARUS: RUSSIA’S CLOSEST ALLY

THE LANDLOCKED CENTER

CZECH REPUBLIC THE REGION’S MOST WESTERNIZED PRAGUE- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY

SLOVAKIA THE LEAST DEVELOPED, MOST RURAL PART

OF THE FORMER “CZECHOSLOVAKIA” HUNGARY

A NATION-STATE OF 10 MILLION THE MAGYARS MOVED INTO THE PRESENT

DAY COUNTRY MORE THAN 1,000 YEARS AGO BUDAPEST- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY

COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

BULGARIA: LIBERATED BY RUSSIA IN 1878 ROMANIA: A FORMER ROMAN PROVINCE;

RAW MATERIALS (COAL, IRON ORE, OIL, NATURAL GAS)

MOLDOVA: IMPOVERISHED, AGRICULTURAL-BASED ECONOMY

UKRAINE: REGION’S LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS (46.7 MILLION) COUNTRY; SUPERB AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES

COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA SLOVENIA: FIRST TO SECEDE; ETHNICALLY MOST

HOMOGENEOUS CROATIA: 4.4 MILLION PEOPLE (85% CROAT) BOSNIA: LANDLOCKED AND CENTRALLY

POSITIONED SERBIA: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS MACEDONIA: 60% MACEDONIAN, 25% ALBANIAN SERBIA: POPULATION OF 10 MILLION MONTENEGRO: 620,000 INHABITANTS ALBANIA: REMNANT OF TURKISH OTTOMAN

EMPIRE; 70% MUSLIMS; LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE

KOSOVO: ADMINISTERED BY NATO

EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1: 64-78)