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European Ambient Conditions
Excerpt of an earlier presentation
Henk Dekker
Evaluation of the suitability to European condition s of the WNTE control zone concept as set out in the
OCE GTR
Henk Dekker - TNOStefan Hausberger, Martin Rexeis - TUG
Patrik Soltic – EMPAHeinz Steven - TUEV Nord
10 October 2006
2
3
WNTE Evaluation
• European driving conditions
• European ambient conditions
• Evaluation WNTE control zone and alternative approaches
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WNTE Ambient Conditions Proposal
• Measurements valid if– altitude < 1680 m above sea level– humidity between 7.14 and 10.71 g water per kg dry air.
Outside these conditions: correction factors for th e emissions.
– ambient temperature between 12 and approximately 35 °C (two options exist). Below 12 °C : correction facto rs, above about 35 °C correction factors (option A) or invali dity (option B)
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Analysis of Ambient Conditions in Europe• Main alp-crossing transitions Brenner (1375 m), Fre jus (1312 m)
and Gotthard (1175 m ) lie below the proposed 1680 m
• Weather: Analysis of daily European weather station s data of the year 2005 (source: NOAA)
-20 -10 0 10 20 3035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
longitude [°]
latit
ude
[°]
altit
ude
[m.a
.s.l.
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
station altitude [m.a.s.l.]
num
ber
of s
tatio
ns
• Average daily temperature of all stations: 9.6 °C
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Frequency Distribution of Temperature and Humidity
0 5 10 15-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
humidity [g/kg]
aver
age
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
WNTEzone
(total 20.4%)
dryzone
(total 2.5%)
wetzone
(total 18.5%)
coldzone
(total 11.4%)
hot zone(total 0%)
hot&dry zone
(total 0%)
hot&wet zone
(total 0%)
cold&dryzone
(total 47.2%)
cold&wetzone
(total 0%)
→→→→ Only 20.4% of average temperatures in 2005 lied wit hin the proposed WNTE conditions
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Geographical Distribution of the Weather Conditions
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
hot&dry: T > 35°C & humidity < 7.14 g/kg
total :0.00016%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
hot: T > 35°C & humidity 7.14...10.71 g/kg
total :0.00016%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
hot&wet: T > 35°C & humidity > 10.71 g/kg
total :0.0016%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
dry: T 12...35°C & humidity < 7.14 g/kg
total :2.56%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
in WNTE ambient boundaries
total :20.4%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
wet: T 12...35°C & humidity > 10.71 g/kg
total :18.5%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
cold&dry: T < 12°C & humidity < 7.14 g/kg
total :47.2%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
cold: T < 12°C & humidity 7.14...10.71 g/kg
total :11.4%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
cold&wet: T < 12°C & humidity > 10.71 g/kg
total :0%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
northern European and alpinecountries are often cold and dry
southern European countriesare often wet
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Influence of Widening the Zone
minimum zone temperature [°C]
delta
hum
idity
ran
ge [
g/kg
]80
70
60
50
40
30
contour label: coverage of average 2005 daily conditions (%)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
current proposal
→→→→ If the minimum zone temperature would be lowered to 5°C and the humidity range would be widened by 3 g/kg, about 65 % of the average European conditions could be covered (inste ad of ~ 20% with the current proposal) without the use of corre ction factors.
Text in 06 series of amendments of regulation R49
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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R49r06 - Annex 8: Conformity of in-service engines or vehicles
4.2 Ambient conditions
The test shall be conducted under ambient conditions meeting
the following conditions:
Atmospheric pressure greater than or equal to 82,5 kPa,
Temperature greater than or equal to 266 K (– 7°C) and less
than or equal to the temperature determined by the following
equation at the specified atmospheric pressure:
T = – 0,4514 × (101,3 – pb) + 311
where:
— T is the ambient air temperature, K
— pb is the atmospheric pressure, kPa
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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R49r06 - Annex 8, appendix 1
A.1.3.4. NOx correction for humidity and temperature
The NOx concentrations measured by the PEMS shall not be
corrected for ambient air temperature and humidity.
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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Text in gtr No. 10 (OCE)
6. APPLICABLE AMBIENT AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
The WNTE emission limits shall apply at:
a)All atmospheric pressures greater than or equal to 82.5 kPa;
b)All temperatures less than or equal to the temperature determined by
equation 5 at the specified atmospheric pressure:
T = -0.4514 x (101.3 – pb) + 311 (5)
Where:
T is the ambient air temperature, K
pb is the atmospheric pressure, kPa
c)All engine coolant temperatures within the range of 343 K to 373 K
(70 °C to 100 °C)
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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