Evaluation of EN 60745 test codes - Health and Safety ... · The B standard BS EN ISO 20643:2005 provides the basis for the development of the EN 28927 series. It takes the place

Executive Health and Safety

Evaluation of EN 60745 test codesBS EN 60745-2-3:2007 angle grinders

Prepared by Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2009

RR717 Research Report


Evaluation of EN 60745 test codesBS EN 60745-2-3:2007 angle grinders

Richard Heaton MPhys (Hons) Sue Hewitt BA (Hons) MSc Health and Safety Laboratory Harpur Hill Buxton Derbyshire SK17 9JN

The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) has an ongoing programme of research with the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) to investigate the relationship between manufacturers’ declared vibration emission, HSL measured emission and vibration measured during simulated real, or real use for different categories of tool.

The work described in this report assesses the standard test defined in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 for usability and reproducibility. Angle grinders were used in this study as the other types of tools encompassed under the standard had been addressed in earlier research. The vibration emission values obtained according to the provisions of the test code were compared with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions.

The report concludes that the standard is capable of producing vibration emission values which reflect both the upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes at the same locations and at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations, meaning the test code produces data suitable (when combined with information about patterns of use) for estimating likely workplace exposures.

Duty holders should be advised that care still needs to be taken when using existing manufacturers’ data for the purposes of exposure assessment, unless it has been measured according to the latest version of the test code, BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. Manufacturers should be encouraged to replace earlier declaration values with values measured according to the provisions in this standard.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.

HSE Books

© Crown copyright 2009

First published 2009

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:Licensing Division, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQor by e-mail to [email protected]

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge those who assisted in this project, in particular the tool manufacturers who supplied some of the tools and the members of the British Abrasives Federation who supplied the wheels for the simulated real measurements.

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 11.1 Declaration of vibration emission ............................................................. 11.2 Outline of work......................................................................................... 21.3 HIstory and development of the standard ................................................ 3

2 TOOLS TESTED......................................................................................... 4

3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION ............................. 53.1 Emission test codes for angle grinders .................................................... 53.2 Emission test procedure .......................................................................... 83.3 Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 93.4 Emission test results.............................................................................. 10

4 ADDITIONAL LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS .................................. 124.1 Investigation of test wheel type.............................................................. 124.2 Investigation of cord type and location................................................... 13

5 SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS ................................................... 155.1 Measurement protocol ........................................................................... 155.2 Data acquisition and analysis ................................................................ 165.3 Results of simulated real measurements............................................... 16

6 DISCUSSION............................................................................................ 186.1 Analysis of emission data ...................................................................... 186.2 Comparison of measured and declared emission and simulated real

measurements ....................................................................................... 226.3 Emission values as an indicator of risk .................................................. 28

7 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ 32

8 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................. 33

9 REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 34

APPENDICES (IN SEPARATE VOLUME)

APPENDICES A-E EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL DATA APPENDIX F EMISSION TEST EQUIPMENT APPENDIX G FULL RESULTS OF EXTRA INVESTIGATIONS APPENDIX H SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS

EQUIPMENT APPENDIX I ANOVA TABLES

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Objectives

The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) has an ongoing programme of research with the Health & Safety Laboratory (HSL) to investigate the relationship between manufacturers’ declared vibration emission, HSL measured emission and vibration measured during simulated real, or real use for different categories of tool. A recent revision of electrical test codes has replaced the EN 50144 test codes with the EN 60745 series of test codes which are the focus of the current project.

The work described in this report assesses the standard test defined in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 “Hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Safety – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for grinders, polishers and disk-type sanders” for usability and reproducibility. It also compares vibration emission values obtained according to the provisions of the test code with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions. This work provides HSE with information, so that it can better inform users and suppliers of machines of the worth of vibration emission for estimating vibration exposure.

Main Findings

The manufacturers’ declared emission values for the tools tested were acquired according to earlier versions of the angle grinders vibration emission test code which precede BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. However, for three of the five tools tested an HSL emission value was measured which was suitable for comparison with the manufacturers’ declared emission value. In these three cases the manufacturers’ data were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997. These emission comparisons cannot however be assumed to confirm the reproducibility of BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 because they are based on earlier versions of the standard.

The HSL measured vibration emission values generated by the test code BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 when measured at the defined locations, are capable of reflecting the upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes measured at the same locations. They are also capable of reflecting the upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations. This implies that the revised test code in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 produces vibration emission data which are suitable for the purposes of a basic risk assessment.

The manufacturers’ declared emission values did not reflect the highest upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations, even when the K value was taken into consideration. This was because the manufacturers’ data were based on earlier test codes. For all five tools tested, the risk of vibration exposure from use of the tools was underestimated.

Vibration emissions at positions additional to those specified in BS EN ISO 60745-2-3:2007 were investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that for three out of the five cases there was a significant difference between the vibration measured at the BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 locations and the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations, highlighting the importance of specifying the vibration measurement location.

Recommendations

Duty holders should be advised that care still needs to be taken when using existing manufacturers’ data for the purposes of risk assessment, unless it has been measured according to the latest version of the test code, BS EN 60745-2-3:2007.

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Manufacturers should be encouraged to replace earlier declaration values with values measured in accordance with the provisions of BS EN 60745-2-3:2007.

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) has an ongoing programme of research with the Health & Safety Laboratory (HSL) to investigate the relationship between manufacturers’ declared vibration emission, HSL measured emission and vibration measured during simulated real, or real use for different categories of tool.

This report describes an investigation of the effectiveness of BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 “Handheld motor operated electric tools – Safety – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for grinders, polishers and disk-type sanders” in producing vibration emission values that relate well to vibration magnitudes measured under conditions of real use.

1.1 DECLARATION OF VIBRATION EMISSION The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations require that, among other information, suppliers of machinery must declare the vibration emission of their tools and machines. The purpose of declaring such information is to allow purchasers and users of tools and machinery to make informed choices regarding the safety of a potential purchase.

The method of declaring vibration emission is to apply a standard test to a machine or tool. The purpose of the standard test is to provide a repeatable and reproducible method of estimating vibration emission. However, in practice it has been difficult to design a standard test which is both based on a realistic operation and repeatable; therefore the standard tests are often based on artificial operations.

For hand-held power tools, the declared vibration level will generally be derived from a CEN or ISO standard test code, such as, for electric tools, the EN 50144 series, which is being revised to form the EN 60745 series. For pneumatic tools, test codes are described in the EN 28662 series, which is currently under revision to become the EN 28927 series of standards. The scope of the new EN 28927 test codes states that they apply to all tools, whether pneumatically driven, or driven by other means. When revision of both series of test codes is complete, there will be two sets of test codes, one relating to electrical tools and the other relating to all tools, which is likely to be applied to all non-electric tools.

1.1.1 Non-electric tools

The B standard BS EN ISO 20643:2005 provides the basis for the development of the EN 28927 series. It takes the place of EN 1033:1995 and also takes the place of EN 28662-1:1993 which will be withdrawn when all the parts of the EN 28662 series have been revised.

Amongst the requirements for test codes developed according to BS EN ISO 20643:2005 are that they should:

• measure the total value of the frequency weighted vibration (derived from the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration magnitudes) and

• be designed to produce emission values which correspond to the upper quartile of vibration magnitudes resulting from intended uses of the machinery.

These requirements represent two important changes in the way that test codes are written. Previous test codes required only single axis measurement and the requirement to produce data reflecting the vibration magnitudes from intended use of the machines was not so explicit. The changes bring the process of emission declaration for tools covered by the EN 28927 series in

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line with the techniques for assessment of human exposure to hand transmitted vibration as defined in BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001 and used by the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations (2005).

1.1.2 Electrical tools

For electrical tools, BS EN 60745-1:2006 provides general information for development of the revised test codes which are being issued as the BS EN 60745 part 2 series. In this respect, BS EN 60745-1:2006 is the electrical counterpart to BS EN ISO 20643:2005, replicating a great deal of the same information.

BS EN 60745-1:2006 requires simultaneous triaxial measurements of the vibration magnitude to be made which is the same as in BS EN ISO 20643:2005. In relation to what the declared vibration magnitude is intended to reflect, BS EN 60745-1:2006 states that:

“…the vibration source shall produce approximately the same magnitude of vibration as that in a typical working situation.”

BS EN 60745-1:2006 does not explicitly require values to represent the upper quartile of vibration magnitudes resulting from intended uses of the machinery.

BS EN 60745-1:2006 currently lists BS EN ISO 20643:2005 in the normative references but, it does not make reference to BS EN ISO 20643:2005 at any other point in the text. The draft revision of BS EN 60745-1:2006 (EN 60745-1:2006/FprAC:2008), does not include BS EN ISO 20643:2005 in the normative references.

1.1.3 Emission declaration

The declaration of vibration emission values is standardised under BS EN 12096:1997. This standard gives the following vibration related definitions:

1. Measured vibration emission value, a, in m/s² represents the measured vibration emission value of a single machine or the mean value of a reasonably large sample from a batch of machines.

2. Uncertainty, K, in m/s² is a value representing the measurement uncertainty of the measured vibration emission value a, and also, in the case of batches, production variations of machinery.

3. Declared vibration emission value, a+K is the measured vibration emission value, a, and its associated individual deviation value, K. The sum of a and K indicates the limit below which the vibration value of an individual machine, and/or a specified large proportion of the vibration values of a batch of machines, are stated to lie when the machines are new.

1.2 OUTLINE OF WORK

The current standard test code for measurement of vibration emission of electric grinding machines is BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. This standard applies to angle grinders, straight grinders, polishers and disc-type sanders, although only angle grinders were investigated for this study. A previous study had already looked at sanders and polishers (Hewitt et al 2006).

The work for angle grinders had three aims:

1. To assess the standard test defined in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 for usability and reproducibility,

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2. To compare vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions,

3. To provide HSE with information regarding (2) above, so that it can better inform users and suppliers of machines of the worth of vibration emission data in terms of vibration exposure.

In order to achieve these aims the vibration emission of each grinder was measured according to the provisions in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. Vibration emissions at transducer mounting locations additional to those specified in the standard were investigated.

After completion of the laboratory measurements of the vibration emission, field measurements using all of the same mounting locations were made in order to compare emission and field data.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STANDARD

The two most recent standards giving requirements relating specifically to vibration testing of electric angle grinders are: BS EN 50144-2-3:2002 and BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. The following are some of the features and differences between these two test codes, which are relevant to the testing carried out at HSL.

BS EN 50144-2-3:2002 This test code requires single axis measurement in the z direction, with measurements made half way along the handle or at thumb/finger position. The test wheel is a flat aluminium test wheel with a specific unbalance, which is repositioned 180° after each test. The averaging technique involves making 7 measurements for each operator, with the highest and lowest discarded and the mean of the remaining 5 used.

BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 This test code requires simultaneous triaxial measurement at the thumb/finger position. The test wheel used is a depressed centre aluminium test wheel. The test wheel is repositioned by rotating 72° after each test. For each operator the mean of 5 measurements is used.

The machines used in this study were new machines and were provided with vibration emission declared by the manufacturer. Two standards are quoted in the handbooks supplied with the machines, EN 50144 and EN 60745. No dates or part numbers are given and this makes it difficult to identify precisely what test method has been employed to derive the emission value. The tools included in this study were tested at HSL according to BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. Depending on which test code has been applied by the manufacturer, there is scope for differences between the test method used by the manufacturer and that used by HSL. Since the move to triaxial measurements is fairly recent, the main difference is likely to be that the manufacturer has measured single axis vibration in the z-direction. Careful selection of the most appropriate HSL measured data is therefore necessary when comparing manufacturers’ data with HSL measured emission data.

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2 TOOLS TESTED

Five angle grinders were acquired for testing, as it was necessary to cover the three main size categories, 5, 7 and 9 inch and to investigate both ‘vibration reduced’ and standard machines.

The five tools are described in Table 1.

Table 1: Tools used in the study

Tool HSL

Sample No.

Wheel size Speed

(rpm)

Weight

(kg)

Vib. reducing features

Test code(s) quoted

Declared vibration emission

(m/s2) (mm)

a K a+K

A NV/06/39 230 6600 8 Low vib.

handle EN 60745 6 1.5 7.5

B NV/02/52 125 11000 2.1 Auto balancer EN 50144 <2.5 - -

C NV/07/09 230 6500 6.2 Low vib.

handle EN 50144 <2.5 - -

D NV/07/24 230 6600 7.5 Low vib.

handle EN 60745 2.5 1.25* 3.75

E NV/07/25 180 8500 6.8 Low vib.

handle EN 60745 4.5 2.25* 6.75

* No K value provided by manufacturer therefore it has been estimated in accordance with the guidance in BS EN 12096:1997

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3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION

3.1 EMISSION TEST CODES FOR ANGLE GRINDERS

The test method for angle grinders specified in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 does not require the vibration emission of the grinding machine to be measured while grinding. Instead, it makes use of an artificial wheel, made of aluminium, with a specific unbalance. The artificial wheel is fitted to the grinder in the normal manner, and the grinder made to free-run at rated speed while being held by an operator who applies a known feed force. The feed force can be achieved either by suspending the grinder against a counterbalance weight, and instructing the operator to hold the grinder still during the measurement, or by attaching a dynamometer to the grinder.

The vibration emission of the grinder is measured by means of accelerometers attached at well-defined positions to each handle or hand position of the grinder. At each position, triaxial vibration measurements are carried out. The total vibration magnitude can be calculated from the vibration in these three orthogonal directions. The vibration declared is an acceleration value, frequency-weighted according to BS EN ISO 8041:2005.

The method defined in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 assumes that the majority of grinder vibration is caused by unbalance in the grinding wheel itself, or its fitting. Previous research has shown that this is not always the case (Smeatham 2003, Smeatham et al 2003). Three artificial wheels with the required unbalance were fabricated by the workshops at HSL, one for each of the three size categories. The required unbalances are shown in Table 2 and the 230 mm artificial wheel is shown in Figure 1.

Table 2: Specific unbalances of the artificial wheels

Wheel size

(mm)

Unbalance

(g.mm)

125 90

180 190

230 305

Figure 1 – 230 mm/9 inch fabricated wheel 5

3.1.1 Transducer mounting locations

The transducer locations defined by BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 – The defined locations for measuring the vibration emission of angle grinders (taken from BS EN 60745-2-3:2007)

Some of the tools tested for this project had vibration emission values declared according to earlier test codes for electrical tools such as BS EN 50144-2-3:2002. For this test code, the vibration declaration is only required to be single axis, in the direction of the feed force, which is the z (vertical) direction. To define the mounting location for measurements according to BS EN 50144-2-3: 2002 it is necessary to refer to the text of BS EN 50144-1:1999 which states that:

“Measurements shall be carried out at a point half-way along the length of the handles or at such places where an operator normally holds the tool during a typical operation. If the placing of the switch actuator makes this impossible then the accelerometer shall be placed as close as possible to the hand between the thumb and index finger.”

Manufacturers’ information on the declared value does not give any indication of the chosen mounting location, so the influence of mounting location needs to be investigated. This is also relevant because the mounting location for measurements according to BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001, is in the centre of the gripping zone and is not the same as that specified in the current emission test code, BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 (particularly on the rear handle).

The mounting locations used for both the emission and simulated real tests are shown in Table 3.

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Table 3: Mounting locations and the corresponding standards used for the emission and simulated real tests

Location Standard

Front handle, inner

EN 60745-2-3:2007

Possibly also EN 50144 test codes

Front handle, middle

BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001


Front handle, outer None

Rear handle, front

EN 60745-2-3:2007


Rear handle, back None

No picture Rear handle, calculated middle BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001

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3.2 EMISSION TEST PROCEDURE

The test procedure used for measuring the vibration emission of the grinders followed the conditions laid down in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. An artificial wheel of the prescribed size and unbalance was fitted securely to the grinder. The grinder was suspended against a counterbalance weight equal to the mass of the grinder plus 40 or 60 Newtons, depending on the size of the grinder. The required feed forces for the three size categories are shown in Table 4 and the operation of tools during tests is illustrated in Figure 3.

Table 4: Required feed force for the three size categories

Wheel size (mm) Feed force (N)

125 40

180 60

230 80

Figure 3 – Working positions of operator and application of feed force (taken from BS EN 60745-2-3:2007)

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3.3

Each grinder was tested with three different operators. For each operator, five separate sixteen second measurements were made of the vibration magnitude, the test wheel being loosened and repositioned 72° clockwise from its previous position on the shaft between each measurement. Different operators can influence the vibration measured on the handles of a machine. The operators were all sufficiently skilled to be able to hold the tool in a manner similar to that used during real grinding. The angle of attack was equal to that actually used when grinding on a horizontal surface (e.g. for angle grinders 20°±5°).

One of the grinders was supplied with both a standard plastic side handle and a vibration reducing side handle. For this tool, measurements were carried out on both of the handles. First with the standard handle fitted and then again with the vibration reducing handle.

DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

The transducers used for all the measurements were Brüel & Kjær (B&K) type 4393 piezoelectric accelerometers. For measurements on the front handle (side handle), the accelerometers were bolted on to an aluminium mounting block, which was fixed using a plastic cable tie as shown in Figure 4a, fitted using a tensioning gun. The total mass of this mounting assembly was ~17 grams. For measurements on the rear handle, the accelerometers were bolted on to a brass mounting block, which was then glued in position with cyano-acrylate glue as shown in Figure 4b. The total mass of this mounting assembly was ~22 grams. The use of the cable tie system on the rear handle would have impaired the use of the trigger. The signals from the transducers were amplified using B&K type 2635 charge amplifiers.

Figure 4a – An aluminium mounting block positioned using the cable tie system

Figure 4b – A brass mounting block positioned using cyano-acrylate glue

Each of the five separate measurements for each operator was a sixteen second linear analysis, made using a B&K Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then stored on the PC. The overall frequency weighted vibration magnitude at each measurement position was recorded after each test.

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3.4

After measuring at the five consecutive wheel positions on the shaft the coefficient of variation Cv, was calculated. The Cv is equal to the standard deviation of the five measurements divided by the mean of the five measurements. The test code requires that the value of Cv for five consecutive measurements should be less than 0.15, for the data to be valid. If Cv was equal to or greater than 0.15 then testing continued until five consecutive measurements gave an acceptable value of Cv.

For each tool, the overall arithmetic mean was obtained from the mean values for the three operators. A value for the individual deviation K was calculated from the results of all the three operators, according to the provisions of BS EN 12096:1997 Annex B.2, where a single tool is used to declare the vibration emission.

The results for the five tools were calculated in terms of the vibration total values at each measurement location. The vibration total value is the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration magnitudes in all three axes of vibration.

EMISSION TEST RESULTS

The full results of the emission tests including frequency spectra are given in Appendices A - E.

A full list of the equipment used in the emission tests is given in Appendix F.

Table 5a contains the results of the HSL emission tests at the EN 60745-2-3:2007 mounting locations. Where tools have both standard and vibration-reduced side handles, both sets of results have been reported. Table 5b gives the highest measured results for each tool and specifies the mounting location at which this was obtained for each tool.

Table 5a: Vibration emission values measured at HSL. Results measured at the thumb/finger

Vibration reduced side handle Standard side handle

Tool a K a K a K A 5.5 2.0 5 1.6 9.0 2.4 B 4.1 1.6 4.3 1.6 C 6.4 1.4 7.3 1.9 D 4.7 0.6 6.5 0.9 E 6.0 1.0 7.9 1.0

Table 5b: Vibration emission values measured at HSL.

Vibration reduced side handle Rear handle Tool a K Location a K Location a K Location

A 5.5 2 inner 11.6 2.4 outer 16.8 4.3 back B 11.8 7.7 outer 6.2 1.3 back C 9.8 2.7 outer 7.6 2.1 back D 12.2 4.5 outer 8.2 2.4 back E 15.1 4.2 outer 13.6 1.4 back

location specified in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 BS EN 60745-2-3 mounting locations

Rear handle

Results from the highest measured mounting locations

Highest measured mounting locations Standard side handle

Most of the time, a Cv of <0.15 was achieved quite easily indicating that for grinders the emission test is repeatable. It also indicates that the variations, which occur as a result of the interaction between:

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• the out of balance test wheel

• the rest of the grinder mechanisms (gears, motor, spindle etc.)

are not significant contributors to the variations in vibration magnitude.

Figure 5 illustrates the differences in measured emission values, when the transducers are mounted in different locations on the different handles. Values shown are a emission with error bars indicating the K value.

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11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Transducer mounting location

Freq

uenc

y w

eigh

ted

vibr

atio

n m

agni

tude

(m/s

²)

Tool A Tool B Tool C Tool D Tool E

outer innermid outer mid inner backfront

Figure 5 – Vibration emission values (measured at HSL) in graphical form: a (+ K) emission total values

4 ADDITIONAL LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS

4.1 INVESTIGATION OF TEST WHEEL TYPE

The test wheel design for BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 has been modified from a flat wheel in BS EN 50144-2-3:2002, to a depressed centre wheel. The depressed centre test wheel was introduced so that the test wheel more closely resembles a real wheel and because depressed centre test wheels of equivalent unbalance to flat test wheels are known to result in higher vibration magnitudes in the z-axis.

The influence of the two types of test wheel on the measured vibration magnitudes were investigated using Tools B, D and E, one of each of the different size categories. The emission test procedure laid out in section 3.2 was followed for each of the test wheels. The BS EN 60745:2-3:2007 mounting locations were used (see Table 3).

Table 6: The differences between the two types of test wheel

Tool Location

Frequency weighted vibration magnitudes (m/s2) Percentage increase in

magnitude due to depressed centre wheelDepressed centre Flat wheel

a K a K

B

Front handle, inner 4.4 2.0 3.7 2.2

+16% front

+20% rear Rear handle, front 4.5 1.6 3.6 1.7

D


+18% front


E


+33% front


The results in Table 6 show that in all cases the vibration magnitudes measured using the depressed centre test wheel are higher than those using the flat test wheel, with the increase ranging from between 16% and 33%. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine whether the vibration magnitudes measured using the two different test wheels can be described as significantly different. The front handle on Tool B is the only location where the measured magnitudes are not significantly different. The large K values mean that the range of magnitudes will overlap.

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4.2 INVESTIGATION OF CORD TYPE AND LOCATION

BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 states that:

“The upward force is normally applied using the threaded holes for the support handle. For tools where the support handle can be mounted on either side, insert an extra bolt in the empty hole. Fix a short sling of cord from the extra bolt to the inner part of the support handle. Fix the cord used for applying the upward force in that sling.”

An interpretation of this is shown in Figure 6a. The upward force is applied at a point above the centre of the head of the grinder. It was noted that there were huge twisting forces on both hands with this method.

Figure 6a – Metal cord supported at two points

BS EN ISO 8662-4:1995, the current pneumatic standard for grinders states that:

“… the force shall be applied to a point on the tool as close as possible to the point at which the static force acts when grinding takes place.”

The interpretation of this is shown in Figure 6b. The upward force is applied at a point halfway between the support handle and grinder head.

Figure 6b – Fabric cord supported at one point

The effect of these different fixing techniques was investigated using Tool D only. The results are shown in Table 7. It was physically easier to apply the feed force and achieve the correct angle of attack when using the fabric cord fixed at a single point.

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Table 7: Differences between cord material and location of force applied

Cord type and location of applied force

Frequency weighted vibration magnitudes (m/s2)

Front handle, inner Rear handle, front

a K a K

Metal cord, supported at two points

4.7 1.2 6.7 1.9

Fabric cord, supported at one point

4.5 1.2 6.7 1.7

It can be seen from Table 7 that the cord type and location of applied force had little or no effect on the measured vibration magnitude for the tool tested.

The full results of the emission tests from these two investigations are given in Appendix G.

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5 SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS

5.1 MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL

Following the laboratory emission test stage of the project, the tools were taken to the workshops in HSL where each of the grinders was used for up to three different applications as shown in Figures 7a to 7c.

Figure 7a – Grinding a steel rail Figure 7b – Sanding a steel rail

Figure 7c – Cutting a concrete paving stone

The measurement conditions were kept as close as possible to a real work situation. Triaxial measurements were made at all the same locations as used in the laboratory tests. For each application, the grinder was fitted with an appropriate type of abrasive wheel as shown in Figure 8a to 8c.

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Figure 8a - Abrasive wheel for grinding Figure 8b - Flap wheel for sanding

Figure 8c - Diamond wheel for cutting

Three operators each carried out the same task, one after another. The duration of each measurement was typically 60s.

5.2 DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

A full list of the equipment used in the simulated real tests is given in Appendix H.

The data acquisition technique for the simulated real measurements was basically the same as for the laboratory tests. For each operator a sample measurement was made during simulated real use of the tool. Data were analysed using a B&K Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then stored on the PC. The overall frequency weighted vibration magnitude at each position was recorded after each test.

All of the measurements obtained for each of the tools were then used to derive a mean frequency weighted vibration magnitude and standard deviation.

5.3 RESULTS OF SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS

The full results from the simulated real measurements, including frequency spectra, are given in Appendices A-E. A summary of the overall results for each tool is given in Table 8. The figures in bold indicate the highest measurement locations on the front and rear handles.

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Table 8: Summary of simulated real measurements – frequency weighted acceleration total values (m/s2).

Tool Size Process

Measurement location Front handle Rear handle

outer, underneath middle, underneath inner, top front (1) front (2) back (1) mean stdev mean stdev mean stdev mean stdev mean stdev mean stdev

A 230mm Rail grinding 3.2 0.6 2.1 0.2 3.3 0.8 4.6 0.7 3.5 0.9 7.3 3.4 B 125mm Rail grinding 6.5 1.5 4.5 0.7 3.6 0.3 3.8 0.0 4.2 0.3 5.9 1.4 C 230mm Rail grinding 4.3 0.4 5.4 1.1 7.1 0.4 4.0 1.1 5.0 1.4 7.3 1.5 D 230mm Rail grinding 6.2 1.3 4.5 1.9 4.1 0.7 4.9 1.0 4.7 1.6 7.1 3.7 E 180mm Rail grinding 10.3 7.4 5.8 2.2 3.9 1.0 5.1 0.4 5.1 1.3 7.7 1.7

B 125mm Rail sanding 6.3 1.6 3.7 0.6 3.1 1.0 3.2 0.9 3.1 0.3 4.4 0.7 E 180mm Rail sanding 3.9 0.8 2.7 0.6 1.9 0.1 3.0 0.9 2.7 0.2 3.8 0.8

A 230mm Cutting paving slabs 10.4 3.2 4.7 0.9 5.3 0.7 8.9 0.8 11.0 2.0 10.1 0.4 B 125mm Cutting paving slabs 6.3 0.8 5.0 1.8 5.6 0.9 5.9 1.1 4.4 0.7 6.2 1.6 E 180mm Cutting paving slabs 7.5 1.2 4.2 1.1 5.7 1.0 8.0 1.3 7.1 0.9 8.4 1.1

The locations “front, inner” and “rear, front” are the BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 locations. Front (1) and front (2) are repeats at the same measurement locations.

17

6 DISCUSSION

6.1 ANALYSIS OF EMISSION DATA

6.1.1 Comparison of declared and measured emission

For comparison of measured and declared emission values, BS EN 12096:1997 states that if one machine is evaluated, the declared vibration emission is verified if the measured vibration emission, a, is less than, or equal to the value of a + K as declared by the manufacturer. Table 9 shows a comparison of the measured and declared vibration emission for each machine. Where the manufacturer has declared the vibration emission as <2.5m/s², the figure of 2.5m/s² has been used for comparison with HSL measured data. To allow comparison, the HSL measured emission values quoted are the most appropriate values measured at either of the EN 50144 locations. The ‘test details’ columns of Table 9 list the conditions under which the comparisons are made.

Table 9: Manufacturers’ declared emission and HSL measured emission

Tool Manufactuers’ declared emission

(m/s2)

Assumed test details

HSL measured emission

(m/s2)

HSL test details

HSL verifies

a K a+K a K a+K

A 6 1.5 7.5 6.8 1.4 8.2

depressed centre wheel, z axis,

EN 50144 location

Y

B <2.5 1.25* 3.75 0.8** 0.4 1.2 flat wheel,

z axis, EN 50144 location

Y

C <2.5 1.25* 3.75

flat wheel

z axis

EN 50144 location

4.0 2.2 6.2

depressed centre wheel, z axis,

EN 50144 location

N

D 2.5 1.25* 3.75 2.4 0.5 2.9 flat wheel,


Y

E 4.5 2.25* 6.75 2.4 0.7 3.1 flat wheel,


Y

* Estimated according to the provisions of BS EN 12096:1997 ** BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 states that a correction factor of 1.3 should be used for tools with auto

balancers. This figure does not include the 1.3 factor.

18

The results in Table 9 show that HSL has verified the manufacturers’ declared vibration emission in four out of the five cases. Tools A and D are the only tools where an identical comparison has not been made because tests were only carried out with a depressed centre wheel. Depressed centre test wheels of equivalent unbalance to flat test wheels are known to result in higher vibration magnitudes in the z-axis. Tool A has still been verified even though a depressed centre wheel has been used. The margin for not achieving verification is only 7% for Tool C. Considering that tests of the effect of the depressed centre wheel showed that it caused an increase in vibration magnitude of between 16 and 33% for Tools B, D and E, it is more than likely that this tool would also have been verified had a flat test wheel been available.

The large K values measured at HSL are a result of large standard deviations caused by the variation between operators during the emission tests. When taken as a percentage of a, the K values obtained at HSL are typical of values found in previous research (Ward 98, Smeatham et al 2003b). Only manufacturers’ data for Tool A give any estimation of the uncertainty, but for this tool the K values are similar to those measured at HSL, indicating similar variability of the standard test. Tool B was tested in a previous HSL study and the results of the emission test reported here are of a very similar magnitude to those measured previously (Smeatham et al 2003).

6.1.2 Analysis of HSL measured emission data – vibration total values

It is important for the purposes of direct comparison between tools and tests to determine whether the mean a emission values for different tools and different measurement locations on the same tool are significantly different. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on the HSL emission data, to see which emission values could be considered as different and which could not. The statistical analysis was carried out for each possible combination of two tools using the vibration total values measured at the same location for each tool.

The null hypothesis was that the two sets of 15 emission values obtained from the laboratory test (3 operators, 5 repeats) were not statistically separable at the 5% level, i.e. that they had the same mean value. Tables 10a and 10b show the results of the analysis across the BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 measurement locations. The results for the other locations are shown in Appendix I.

Table 10a: Outcome of ANOVA for front handle – inner (EN 60745) location. ‘s’ represents a significant difference and ‘ns’ indicates not significantly different.

A(AV) A B C D E a (m/s2) 5.5 5.0 4.1 6.4 4.7 6.0

A(AV) 5.5 A 5.0 ns B 4.1 s s C 6.4 s s s D 4.7 s ns s s E 6.0 ns s s ns s

19

Table 10b: Outcome of ANOVA for rear handle – front (EN 60745) location. ‘s’ represents a

A(AV) A B C D E a 2) 9.0 7.4 4.3 7.3 6.5 7.9

A(AV) 9.0 A 7.4 s B 4.3 s s C 7.3 s ns s D 6.5 s s s ns E 7.9 s ns s ns s

significant difference and ‘ns’ indicates not significantly different.

(m/s

std

dev

(m/s

2 )

Table 10a shows that according to the ANOVA the pairs of tools that are not significantly different are:

A(AV)&A, A(AV)&E, A&D and C&E

Tool B is significantly different from all other tools.

Table 10b shows that according to the ANOVA the pairs of tools that are not significantlydifferent are:

A&C, A&E, C&D and C&E

Tools A(AV) and B are significantly different from all other tools.

Figures 9a and 9b show the HSL measured a emission values for each of the tools, plotted against the standard deviation of the measurements. Displaying the emission values in this way highlights the pairs of the tools as obtained from the ANOVA. The pairings are indicated by ovals around the relevant tools.

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

)

CAB

E

D

A(AV

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

a [+1 std dev] emission (m/s2)

Figure 9a – a [+1 std dev] emission vs standard deviation for HSL measured total value emission data at the front handle, inner location. The ovals indicates those tools that are not

significantly different

20

7.5

1.2 st

d de

v (m

/s2 )

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

E

C

D

A

B

)A(AV

a [+1 std dev] emission (m/s2)

Figure 9b – a [+1 std dev] emission vs standard deviation for HSL measured total value emission data at the rear handle, front location. The ovals indicates those tools that are not

significantly different

For both handles, Tool B is significantly different from all of the other tools. Tool B is the only 5 inch grinder and is much lighter than the other tools. It is also the only grinder fitted with an auto balancer. As the standard test is based on a specific unbalance, the auto balancer will be working to reduce this unbalance, thus reducing the vibration measured at both measurement locations. BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 has been modified to take account of the issue with auto balancers and clause 6.2.7.1 now states that the emission value should be multiplied by a correction factor of 1.3. When the multiplication factor is applied to the emission data for Tool B, the emission values become 5.3m/s2 on the front handle and 5.6m/s2 on the rear handle. A further ANOVA was carried out after multiplying all of the fifteen measurements (3 operators, 5 tests each) from both locations by the 1.3 multiplication factor. The front handle data are then within the range of results for the other tools and only significantly different from Tool C. The rear handle data are still lower, and still significantly different from all of the other tools.

6.1.3 Influence of mounting locations

A full investigation of the influence of mounting location was made for all the tools, by measuring at three locations on the front handle: at the inner end, in the middle of the gripping zone and at the outer end, and two locations on the rear handle.

Analysis of variance was carried out looking at each possible combination of two different measurement locations using the vibration total values measured on the same tool. This was done to investigate whether the use of different mounting locations can give rise to the measurement of significantly different emission values. The detailed results of this analysis are shown in Appendix I.

The data showed that for three of the five tools tested, there is a significant difference in emission test results between the front handle inner end, which is the mounting location specified in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 and the front handle mid grip location, which represents the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 location. This highlights the importance of specifying the measurement location for consistency of results.

21

6.1.4 Emission measurements on anti-vibration handles

Tool A was supplied with both anti-vibration and standard front handles. Tools C, D and E were fitted with anti-vibration front handles as standard. For tools with anti-vibration handles, BS EN 60745-1:2006 paragraph 6.2.4.2 currently states that if the measurement can not be made in the centre of the gripping zone, it should be made at both ends of the handle and the average of the two measurement positions used to represent the vibration. However, this paragraph is under review. In the draft revision of BS EN 60745-1:2006, which is BS EN 60745-1:2006/FprAC:2008, the choice of location is optional, but measurements in the centre of the gripping zone are to be made inside the handle.

Analysis of variance was used to investigate the difference between vibration emission values measured at the centre of the gripping zone and those calculated from the mean of measurements at either end for the four tools with anti-vibration front handles, A(AV), C, D and E. The analysis showed that the results of the two measurements were significantly different for all four tools and in each case the mean of the measurements at the two ends was consistently higher than the vibration magnitude measured in the centre of the gripping zone. This implies that the technique of measuring at either end of an anti-vibration handle and taking the mean will result in an over-estimate of the vibration magnitude that would be measured in the centre of the handle. The magnitude of the overestimate ranged from between 19% and 38%.

For Tool A which was supplied with both standard and anti-vibration handles, there is no apparent effect of the anti-vibration handle on the front handle location as there is no significant difference between Tool A and Tool A(AV). However, use of the anti-vibration front handle causes a statistically significant increase in vibration magnitude measured on the rear handle. Retrofit anti-vibration devices are not guaranteed to provide a benefit and in some cases, can cause amplification of the vibration. To be effective, vibration-reducing devices usually need to be specific to the tool with which they will be used.

6.2 COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND DECLARED EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS

Figures 10a to 10f show the manufacturer’s declared emission, the HSL measured emission and the simulated real measurement results for each tool and measurement location.

22

0

5

10

15

20

252 )

r Front - mid r

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s

Front - inne Front - oute Rear- front Rear - back

Measurement location i is iManufacturers HSL em ssion single ax HSL em ssion total value Op 1 grinding Op 2 grinding

Op 3 grinding Op 1 cutting Op 2 cutting Op 3 cutting

Figure 10a – A summary of the measurements carried out on Tool A fitted with the anti-vibration front handle

0

5

10

15

20

25

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

r Front - outerFront - midFront - inne Rear - front Rear - back

Measurement location i is iManufacturers HSL em ssion single ax HSL em ssion total value

Figure 10b – A summary of the measurements carried out on Tool A fitted with the standard front handle

23

25 A

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

2 )

20

15

10

5

0Front - inner Front - mid Front - outer Rear - front Rear - back

Measurement location i is iManufacturers HSL em ssion single ax HSL em ssion total value Op 1 grinding

Op 2 grinding Op 3 grinding Op 1 cutting Op 2 cutting

Op 3 cutting Op 1 sanding Op 2 sanding Op 3 sanding

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

Figure 10c – A summary of the measurements carried out on Tool B

25

20

15

10

5

0 Front - inner Front - mid Front - outer Rear - front Rear - back

Measurement location i is iManufacturers HSL em ssion single ax HSL em ssion total value Op 1 grinding Op 2 grinding Op 3 grinding

Figure 10d – A summary of the measurements carried out on Tool C

24

25 A

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

2 )

20

15

10

5

0 Front - inner Front - mid Front - outer Rear - front Rear - back

Measurement location i is iManufacturers HSL em ssion single ax HSL em ssion total value Op 1 grinding Op 2 grinding Op 3 grinding

Figure 10e – A summary of the measurements carried out on Tool D

25

20

15

10

5

0

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

(under)

( )

Rear - back

Rear - back left

Front - inner Front - mid Front - outer Rear - front Rear - back

Measurement location i is iManufacturers HSL em ssion single ax HSL em ssion total value Op 1 grinding

Op 2 grinding Op 3 grinding Op 1 cutting Op 2 cutting

Op 3 cutting Op 1 sanding Op 2 sanding Op 3 sanding

Figure 10f – A summary of the measurements carried out on Tool E

Figures 10a to 10f show a range of variation in vibration magnitudes measured between operators. During the measurements no attempt was made to control the feed forces, gripping or operating techniques of the three operators using the tools. Operators were just asked to use the tools as they normally would. This will contribute to the variability of results. The ranges of vibration magnitudes measured in this study are typical of the ranges measured in similar studies for angle grinders.

The widest ranges in results occur for measurements on the outer end of the front handle and on the back of the rear handle. This is not surprising as these are the locations which are most likely to give the highest vibration magnitudes due to typical motions of the grinder and the attached handles. They are also the locations most likely to be affected by different damping

25

effects such as varying grip and feed forces. The widest range of magnitudes on the outer end of a front handle is for Tool E which has a range from 3.4m/s² –18m/s².

Although there are wide variations for some tools on the simulated real tests, comparison of the data for Tool B with those measured in the previous study (Smeatham et al 2003) show that the results are consistent for this tool. Previous results gave a mean frequency weighted vibration magnitude of 4.1 ± 1.2 m/s² at the mid grip position on the front handle. The HSL tests reported here produced a mean frequency weighted vibration magnitude of 4.1 ± 0.7 m/s² at the same location.

6.2.1 Damping effect of the hand on the front handle

One factor thought to heavily influence the vibration magnitude measured is the damping effect of the operator’s hand on the handle. To demonstrate the worst case damping effect of the operator’s hand on the front handle, a BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 style emission test was used. Two conditions were used:

1. Operator’s hand on front handle – damped

2. Operator’s hand on the head of the tool – undamped

Tool E was chosen for the test as it showed the most variation among emission and simulated real measurements. The test was carried out in the emission test rig and a feed force of 60N was applied to the tool. Five 16 second analyses were carried out for three different operators for each test. The test wheel was always in the same position on the spindle, to remove this source of variability from the results. Table 9 shows the tests that were carried out with the locations of the two sets of tri-axial transducers and the position of the front hand. Figure 9 shows the results of the tests.

Table 11: Details of the four tests carried out looking at the damping effect of the hand

Test Number Front hand location Transducer locations

1 Head of tool (undamped) Front handle - inner Rear handle - back

2 Handle (damped) Front handle - inner Rear handle - back

3 Head of tool (undamped) Front handle - outer Rear handle - back

4 Handle (damped) Front handle - outer Rear handle - back

26

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

eFr

eque

ncy

wei

ghte

d vi

brat

ion

mag

nitu

d

Front handle - inner location

Front handle - outer location

1 2 3 4

Test number undamped damped

Figure 11 – The damping effect of the hand on the front handle

Figure 11 shows that the damping effect of the hand on the front handle causes a reduction in the vibration magnitude of about 5 m/s2. At the outer measurement location this equates to a 32% reduction and at the inner measurement location a 51% reduction. The results of the control measurements on the rear handle were consistent throughout the four tests. The degree of damping of the front handle had no effect on the vibration magnitude measured on the rear handle. Whilst the results of the measurements on both ends of the front handle were heavily influenced by the damping of the hand, it is noticeable from the error bars on the results in Figure 11 that the variation between operators is much smaller for measurements on the inner end of the handle, implying that in terms of achieving repeatability and reproducibility of results, this is a better mounting location to use.

A decrease in the measured magnitude of 50% between the damped and undamped conditions is not sufficient in itself to explain the large variations between the operators seen in the simulated real tests. Other factors such as operating forces and the fit of the wheel on the spindle are believed to be significant contributors to the differences in measured vibration magnitudes. Investigation of these factors was beyond the scope of this study.

6.2.2 Unbalance versus frequency weighted vibration magnitude

The specific unbalances of all the wheels used for the simulated real measurements were measured according to the provisions outlined in ISO 6103 “Bonded abrasive products – Permissible unbalances of grinding wheels as delivered – Testing”. They were all found to be well within the maximum permissible unbalances.

Figures 12a and 12b show the specific unbalances of the 9 inch abrasive wheels plotted against the highest vibration magnitudes measured during the simulated real measurements. Figure 12a was obtained during free running of the tools and Figure 12b was obtained during operation of the tools.

27

R2

R2

R2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12 H

ighe

st v

ibra

tion

mag

nitu

de (m

/s2 )

= 0.2087

= 0.6856

= 0.1751

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Unbalance (g.mm)

) ) )Tool A Tool C Tool D Linear (Tool A Linear (Tool C Linear (Tool D

Figure 12a – Specific unbalance against highest vibration magnitude whilst free running the 9 inch tools

R2

R2

R2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Hig

hest

vib

ratio

n m

agni

tude

(m/s

2 )

= 0.174

= 0.2832

= 0.0543

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Unbalance (g.mm)

) ) )Tool A Tool C Tool D Linear (Tool A Linear (Tool C Linear (Tool D

Figure 12b – Specific unbalance against highest vibration magnitude whilst operating the tools

If the frequency weighted vibration magnitude measured on the handles of the tools was dominated by the out of balance of the wheels then the vibration magnitude would increase as the unbalance of the wheel increased. It can be seen in Figures 12a and 12b that this is not the case as the R2 values are not close to 1, indicating a weak correlation.

EMISSION VALUES AS AN INDICATOR OF RISK

Although BS EN 60745-1:2006 states that the vibration source shall produce approximately the same magnitude of vibration as that in a typical working situation it does not specify any more detail than this. One of the requirements of BS EN ISO 20643:2005 is that emission test codes

28

450

450

6.3

should be designed to produce values which reflect the upper quartile of the in use magnitudes. R

atio

a e

mis

sion

:upp

er q

uart

ile fi

eld

In the absence of any alternative indication, the data measured at HSL according to BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 have been compared with the upper quartile of the HSL measured in-use vibration. To do this, the ratio of the HSL measured total value a emission to the upper quartile of in-use values measured at the BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 locations has been calculated and shown in Figure 13a. Figure 13b shows the ratio of the manufacturers a emission value to the upper quartile field at the highest hand BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 location. Figure 13c shows the ratio of the HSL measured a emission to the upper quartile field at the both the front and rear handle BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations.

In Figures 13a to 13c, a ratio of 1 indicates that the a emission and upper quartile field magnitudes are the same and therefore the value of 1 on the y-axis can be seen as the target value if the emission value is to fulfil the requirements of BS EN ISO 20643:2005. A value greater than 1 indicates that the emission value overestimates the upper quartile of field measurements. A value less than 1 indicates an underestimate. The error bars on each data point indicate the difference that adding the K value makes to the ratio.

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Tool A Tool A Tool B Tool B Tool C Tool C Tool D Tool D Tool E Tool E

ion l ionFront - inner locat Rear - front ocat

Figure 13a – Ratio of HSL measured a emission to the upper quartile field at the BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 measurement locations

29

Rat

io a

em

issi

on:u

pper

qua

rtile

fiel

d 1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Tool A Tool B Tool C Tool D Tool E

Figure 13b – Ratio of manufacturers a emission to the upper quartile field at the highest hand BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 location

Figure 13a shows that when taking the K value into consideration, all of the 5 tools at both BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 locations have achieved the target and therefore reflect the upper quartile of in use vibration magnitudes. Figure 13b shows that if the manufacturers’ data are compared to the highest upper quartile field magnitudes at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations, the data do not reflect the upper quartile, even when the K value is taken in to consideration. All five emission values underestimate the upper quartile field magnitude and therefore underestimate the risk associated with use of the tools. Bearing in mind that manufacturers’ emission data are derived according to the earlier version of the test code so they use the flat wheel and are single axis rather than total values, this is not a surprising outcome. However, it still highlights the fact that the use of existing manufacturers’ data for the purposes of risk assessment may result in an underestimation of the vibration risk associated with the use of these tools.

30

Rat

io a

em

issi

on:u

pper

qua

rtile

fiel

d 1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Tool A Tool A Tool B Tool B Tool C Tool C Tool D Tool D Tool E Tool E

i i i i l ifront, nner emiss on to front, mid f eld rear, front emiss on to ca culated rear, mid f eld

Figure 13c – Ratio of HSL measured emission at BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 locations to the upper quartile field at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations

In Figure 13c, the rear handle, middle, upper quartile field value is calculated using the upper quartile field values at the front and back of the rear handle and taking an average. Figure 13c shows that BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 is capable of reflecting the upper quartile field value at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations i.e. middle of the front and rear handles. After taking the K value into account, all of the tools achieve the target.

31

7 CONCLUSIONS

1. The HSL measured emission values for all of the tools at the BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 locations, are capable of reflecting the upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes. They are also capable of reflecting the upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations.

2. If manufacturers’ data are compared to the highest upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations, the data do not reflect the in-use magnitudes, even when the K value is taken into consideration. For all five tools tested, the risk of vibration exposure from use of the tools was underestimated.

3. Manufacturers’ declared emission values were verified (against previous standard test codes) in all three cases where a meaningful comparison could be made, according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997.

4. The vibration magnitudes measured with the depressed centre test wheel in accordance with BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 are between 16% and 33% higher than with the flat test wheel from previous versions of the test code. This represents a statistically significant increase in five of the six cases tested.

5. There is no apparent effect of the anti-vibration handle on the front handle location of Tool A. However, when the anti-vibration handle is fitted to the front handle position, there is a statistically significant increase in vibration magnitude measured on the rear handle of the tool.

6. The data in this report have highlighted the importance of specifying the measurement location.

32

8 RECOMMENDATIONS

Duty holders should be advised that care still needs to be taken when using existing manufacturers’ data for the purposes of risk assessment, unless it has been measured according to the latest version of the test code, BS EN 60745-2-3:2007.

Manufacturers should be encouraged to replace earlier declaration values with values measured in accordance with the provisions of BS EN 60745-2-3:2007, which has been shown here to produce emission values representative of vibration magnitudes which result from intended uses of the tools.

33

9 REFERENCES

British Standards Institute (2007). Hand-held motor operated electric tools - Safety - Part 2-3: Particular requirements for grinders, polishers and disk-type sanders. BS EN 60745-2-3.

British Standards Institute (1997). Mechanical vibration – Declaration and verification of vibration emission values. BS EN 12096.

British Standards Institute (2005). Mechanical vibration – Hand-held and hand-guided machinery – Principles for evaluation of vibration emission. BS EN ISO 20643.

British Standards Institute (1999). Safety of hand-held electric motor operated tools. Part 1. General requirements. BS EN 50144-1.

British Standards Institute (2002). Safety of hand-held electric motor operated tools. Part 2-3. Particular requirements for grinders, disk type sanders and polishers. BS EN 50144-2-3.

British Standards Institute (2001). Mechanical vibration – Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. BS EN ISO 5349.

International Organisation for Standardisation (1999). Bonded abrasive products – Permissible unbalances of grinding wheels as delivered - Testing. ISO 6103.

Ward T (1996). NV/96/20 – Correlation between vibration emission data and vibration during use – Grinders.

Smeatham D et al (2003). NV/03/08 – Vibration emission of grinders – comparison of emission data with vibration during real use. Phase II.

Smeatham D (2003). NV/03/01 – Supporting research for the ad hoc working group for ISO 8662-4 Grinders.

Hewitt S et al (2006). NV/06/18 – Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Polishers and sanders.

34

APPENDIX A – EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL DATA FOR MACHINE A

1

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

BS EN 60745-2-3 Test Report

Subject 1Tool reference: Tool A - Low vibration handle

PULSE channels 1-3: Front handle inner 100

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.001

Vibration Third octave band centre frequency (Hz)

(Hand-arm weighted acceleration) Subject 1 Average H-A weighted: x-axis 3.0 m/s2

x-axis y-axis 4.2 m/s2

a: 3.0 m/s2 z-axis 2.2 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.0 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 5.5 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 22/06/2007

Accelerometers: - type 4393 - fastening Cable tie - total mass 18 g

Subject 2 Average H-A weighted: x-axis 3.6 m/s2

Amplifiers: y-axis 4.0 m/s2

- type 2635 z-axis 2.7 m/s2

Analyser: - type PULSE - signal integration linear Subject 3

Third octave band centre frequency (Hz)

Subject 3 Average H-A weighted: x-axis y-axis z-axis

2.3 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

2.3 m/s2

Test duration: 16.0 s

Feed force 60 N

Mass: 8.0 kg

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

1

0.1

0.01

10

2

800

1600


Tool reference: Tool A - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N


Vibration (Hand-arm weighted acceleration)

Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.1 m/s2 z-axis 2.5 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.8 m/s2

Subject 2K: 1.4 m/s2

z-axis 100


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

a: 2.3 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2 10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

total a: 5.5 m/s2

K: 2.0 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 10/07/2007

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:

- type 4393 Third octave band centre frequency (Hz)- fastening Cable tie

- total mass 18 g Subject 2 Average H-A weighted: x-axis 2.9 m/s2



Analyser: - type PULSE

3.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

- signal integration linear

Subject 3 Average H-A weighted: x-axis y-axis 3.8 m/s2

z-axis 2.2 m/s2

3


Tool reference: Tool A - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle mid

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 0.9 m/s2 z-axis 1.2 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.0 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.0 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

total a: 3.3 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 27/06/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600



1.0 m/s2

3.1 m/s2

1.0 m/s2

4



PULSE channels 1-3: front handle outer 100)


Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N

Test duration: 16.0 s Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001


x-axis a: 2.8 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.1 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 5.1 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 11/07/2007

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


y-axis 3.7 m/s2

z-axis 1.9 m/s2


Subject 2 100) 2

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

1.6


3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:

- type 4393 Third octave band centre frequency (Hz)- fastening Cable tie - total mass 18 g





2.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.4 m/s2

5


Tool reference: Tool A - Plastic handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.0 m/s2 z-axis 3.0 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.6 m/s2


z-axis 100


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

a: 3.0 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2 10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

total a: 5.0 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:






3.1 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.1 m/s2

6


Tool reference: Tool A - Plastic handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle mid

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 4.7 m/s2 z-axis 5.0 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.1 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 5.0 m/s2

K: 3.2 m/s2

total a: 8.0 m/s2

K: 3.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 28/06/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.2 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 5.0 m/s2

7


Subject 1Tool reference: Tool A

PULSE channels 1-3: front handle outer, underneath 1000Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N


rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

100

10

1

0.1


0.01

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600




a: 6.5 m/s2 z-axis 9.9 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.8 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

z-axis a: 8.3 m/s2

K: 2.7 m/s2

total a: 11.6 m/s2

K: 2.4 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 28/09/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





6.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 7.8 m/s2

8



PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear handle front 100Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N


rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

10

1

0.1

0.01


0.001

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600




a: 5.7 m/s2 z-axis 6.8 m/s2

K: 1.8 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 6.5 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

total a: 8.8 m/s2

K: 2.3 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 22/06/2007

Accelerometers: - type 4393 - fastening glue - total mass g

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





5.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 6.5 m/s2

9

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

10







5.9 m/s2

1.4 m/s2

6.9 m/s2


Mass: 8.0 kg

0.001

100

0.001


Date: 27/06/2007

Tested by: RH

total a: 9.0 m/s2




a: 5.7 m/s2 z-axis 6.9 m/s2

K: 2.1 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.4 m/s2


z-axis



Feed force 60 N

K: 2.4 m/s2

a: 6.8 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

1.6

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

) A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

2

0.01

0.1

10

1

1

0.1

0.01

10

3.15

3.15

6.3

6.3

12.5

12.5

2525

5050

100

100

200

200

400

400

800

800

1600

16

00

)



PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front 100


800

1600


Tool reference: Tool A - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 8.3 m/s2 z-axis 13.9 m/s2

K: 2.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.3 m/s2


z-axis 100


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

a: 14.3 m/s2

K: 3.7 m/s2 10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

total a: 16.8 m/s2

K: 4.3 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 10/07/2007

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:

- type 4393 Third octave band centre frequency (Hz)- fastening glue

- total mass g Subject 2 Average H-A weighted: x-axis 7.9 m/s2


- type 2635 z-axis 14.0 m/s2


8.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 15.1 m/s2

11


Tool reference: Tool A - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 8.0 m/s2 z-axis 14.3 m/s2

K: 2.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.7 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 14.2 m/s2

K: 3.4 m/s2

total a: 16.6 m/s2

K: 3.8 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 11/07/2007

Accelerometers: - type 4393 - fastening cable tie - total mass g

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



- type 2635 z-axis 13.3 m/s2


7.5 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 15.0 m/s2

12

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400


Subject 1Tool reference: Tool A

PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front 100 )

13







4.9 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

5.6 m/s2


Date: 28/09/2007

a: 5.3 m/s2

0.001

0.001

100


Tested by: RH

total a: 7.4 m/s2




a: 5.1 m/s2 z-axis 5.3 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.4 m/s2


z-axis



Feed force 60 N

Mass: 8.0 kg

K: 1.1 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

2 /s

2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

1.6

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s)

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

0.01

1

0.1

0.01

10

0.1

1

10 3.

153.

15 6.3

6.3

12.5

12.5

2525

5050

100

100

200

200

400

400

800

800

1600


1600

800

1600


Tool reference: Tool A - Plastic handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 7.5 m/s2 z-axis 11.2 m/s2

K: 2.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.1 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 12.8 m/s2

K: 3.5 m/s2

total a: 15.0 m/s2

K: 4.0 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



- type 2635 z-axis 13.4 m/s2


7.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 13.9 m/s2

14


Tool reference: Tool A - Plastic handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back

Mass: 8.0 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 8.6 m/s2 z-axis 13.8 m/s2

K: 3.8 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.6 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 13.1 m/s2

K: 3.5 m/s2

total a: 15.9 m/s2

K: 4.9 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 28/06/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



- type 2635 z-axis 13.0 m/s2


7.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 12.4 m/s2

15

0

RecordDate: MainID: 1042 ResultsID: 7172

Site ID: Tool ID: A

InsertedTool: 230 x 2,6/9 x 22,23 mm Diamond

Occupation: Scientist Process: Cutting paving slab

DC-shift threshold: 10 mm

MainID: 1042, ResultsID: 7172

December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

Front - inner, top (EN60745) Rear - back (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.407 0.298 0.141 0.164 0.392 0.166 2 0.432 0.322 0.158 0.18 0.422 0.207

2.5 0.315 0.2 0.178 0.218 0.32 0.209 3.15 0.289 0.2 0.204 0.329 0.325 0.265

4 0.24 0.254 0.21 0.298 0.296 0.257 5 0.153 0.194 0.184 0.314 0.227 0.269

6.3 0.155 0.277 0.207 0.342 0.165 0.239 8 0.173 0.227 0.244 0.27 0.177 0.175

10 0.171 0.216 0.287 0.297 0.173 0.191 12.5 0.179 0.257 0.281 0.372 0.173 0.179

16 0.21 0.313 0.271 0.453 0.183 0.202 20 0.231 0.361 0.262 0.514 0.203 0.224 25 0.297 0.558 0.218 0.738 0.281 0.394

31.5 0.294 0.428 0.217 0.644 0.287 0.524 40 0.506 0.55 0.332 0.926 0.379 0.842 50 0.418 1.056 0.544 1.62 0.361 1.006 63 0.81 1.632 0.912 2.801 0.852 2.446 80 5.201 11.06 9.248 16.65 8.132 26.8

100 4.066 10.42 6.798 32.33 8.866 22.2 125 1.141 2.269 2.081 10.6 2.206 5.552 160 3.337 6.042 9.338 10.28 6.635 14.23 200 3.709 6.943 9.093 12.66 7.218 8.496 250 5.883 11.17 9.593 6.561 7.933 6.13 315 9.919 18.06 9.673 9.83 12.55 8.426 400 15.29 25.18 10.75 15.71 16.72 9.87 500 8.993 26.4 11.48 32.16 23.51 11.1 630 8.786 21.14 13.39 37.37 30.83 9.626 800 4.988 12.93 12.84 22.27 30.64 7.681

1000 3.795 4.231 11.03 18.57 24.69 6.97 1250 2.469 2.651 7.803 18.81 19.27 5.881 1600 1.579 2.316 6.655 17.52 19.98 8.644 2000 1.07 1.095 2.856 9.642 12.22 8.126 2500 0.532 0.406 1.264 4.288 2.308 5.907 ahw 1.7 3.6 2.8 6.9 2.9 6.8

av 4.8 10.1

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

16

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.209 0.14 0.102 0.098 0.252 0.099 2 0.17 0.133 0.086 0.113 0.212 0.099

2.5 0.173 0.128 0.118 0.155 0.211 0.184 3.15 0.154 0.139 0.116 0.156 0.19 0.212

4 0.122 0.135 0.168 0.149 0.153 0.226 5 0.135 0.109 0.206 0.191 0.134 0.209

6.3 0.101 0.097 0.172 0.273 0.109 0.179 8 0.075 0.104 0.153 0.222 0.122 0.172

10 0.085 0.153 0.131 0.185 0.087 0.119 12.5 0.128 0.242 0.17 0.249 0.106 0.15

16 0.138 0.251 0.162 0.225 0.118 0.188 20 0.133 0.301 0.152 0.236 0.127 0.198 25 0.175 0.324 0.137 0.283 0.142 0.216

31.5 0.284 0.292 0.235 0.313 0.2 0.357 40 0.402 0.411 0.339 0.474 0.304 0.644 50 0.346 1.011 0.611 1.444 0.468 1.121 63 0.995 1.806 1.223 3.562 1.067 3.216 80 6.914 9.788 9.815 18.4 6.65 25.24

100 6.422 8.868 8.818 29.35 5.285 20.76 125 0.911 1.765 1.956 8.638 2.094 4.949 160 1.869 5.974 8.574 13.11 7.839 13.52 200 3.056 8.021 10.58 13.55 8.029 11.58 250 5.232 13.47 11.31 8.703 7.96 8.705 315 10.32 19.72 10.85 11.61 14.81 10.83 400 14.75 31.79 13.73 21.01 22.1 15.38 500 9.307 30.49 13.12 33.5 27.74 14.8 630 8.585 22.44 14.06 38.34 25.62 12.29 800 4.454 15.5 13.43 27.02 23.99 8.618

1000 3.55 4.852 11.04 24.27 19.56 6.582 1250 2.646 2.698 7.994 21.98 17.36 5.872 1600 1.649 2.302 6.402 18.61 21.3 9.458 2000 1.135 1.106 3.129 9.481 12.2 8.148 2500 0.54 0.439 1.289 4.354 2.231 5.158 ahw 2.0 3.5 3.0 6.7 2.6 6.5

av 5.0 9.7

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

17

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.114 0.065 0.719 0.073 0.108 0.09 2 0.097 0.084 0.6 0.113 0.112 0.096

2.5 0.086 0.071 0.48 0.118 0.102 0.109 3.15 0.097 0.065 0.419 0.133 0.133 0.119

4 0.082 0.082 0.351 0.227 0.133 0.151 5 0.076 0.107 0.3 0.267 0.123 0.132

6.3 0.078 0.08 0.194 0.215 0.143 0.187 8 0.066 0.091 0.208 0.203 0.146 0.226

10 0.049 0.059 0.185 0.152 0.073 0.115 12.5 0.101 0.125 0.19 0.215 0.09 0.113

16 0.165 0.172 0.181 0.262 0.11 0.138 20 0.264 0.386 0.259 0.398 0.156 0.243 25 0.213 0.503 0.202 0.454 0.251 0.435

31.5 0.372 0.74 0.265 0.639 0.497 0.828 40 0.401 0.66 0.551 1.403 0.482 0.886 50 0.391 1.231 0.723 2.247 0.409 0.823 63 1.392 2.059 1.914 4.335 1.028 2.727 80 8.772 13.82 15.92 27.93 5.971 26.68

100 4.607 8.914 8.017 30.78 5.23 13.4 125 1.019 2.877 3.035 8.473 1.981 4.636 160 2.654 8.115 14.28 11.1 7.216 16.44 200 4.105 7.79 9.624 10.39 6.985 7.347 250 4.845 13.4 12.32 7.284 7.489 7.308 315 9.559 22.16 13.72 11.13 13.25 8.938 400 14.54 27.27 11.77 14.92 18.99 11.38 500 7.841 24.89 9.88 23.66 22.17 9.942 630 6.846 20.62 12.55 30.34 25.61 9.347 800 4.017 13.31 11.8 20.75 23.64 6.821

1000 3.574 4.768 10.59 21.83 18.51 5.065 1250 2.453 2.804 7.464 19.23 17.88 4.896 1600 1.427 2.19 5.987 17.72 16.87 7.821 2000 0.958 0.954 2.513 6.721 8.613 6.776 2500 0.465 0.38 1.255 3.229 1.88 4.357 ahw 2.2 4.0 4.1 8.0 2.4 6.3

av 6.2 10.4

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December 11, 2007

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Front - middle, underneath Rear - front (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.107 0.096 0.084 0.078 0.148 0.247 2 0.089 0.096 0.089 0.094 0.138 0.238

2.5 0.139 0.171 0.122 0.159 0.225 0.262 3.15 0.118 0.15 0.154 0.101 0.19 0.225

4 0.093 0.104 0.147 0.135 0.123 0.19 5 0.107 0.087 0.128 0.118 0.093 0.189

6.3 0.075 0.066 0.108 0.115 0.067 0.123 8 0.075 0.075 0.068 0.099 0.064 0.097

10 0.105 0.091 0.09 0.079 0.072 0.087 12.5 0.262 0.246 0.126 0.144 0.168 0.094

16 0.203 0.263 0.161 0.198 0.127 0.097 20 0.263 0.344 0.178 0.234 0.145 0.079 25 0.421 0.859 0.353 0.634 0.35 0.384

31.5 0.526 0.917 0.438 0.723 0.366 0.467 40 0.422 0.36 0.405 1.033 0.173 0.488 50 0.963 0.702 0.554 1.343 0.224 0.802 63 0.561 1.456 1.43 3.456 0.701 2.172 80 2.701 9.205 8.21 31.43 9.016 14.95

100 2.085 6.57 5.521 24.09 5.594 9.874 125 0.55 1.84 1.45 4.582 1.234 1.739 160 4.667 8.361 5.74 21.39 9.689 6.63 200 4.039 7.9 4.148 19.25 9.609 5.138 250 4.333 8.62 2.961 21.13 11.13 6.754 315 3.735 10.85 2.481 21.68 14.67 8.013 400 3.715 14.58 3.743 34.29 21.44 19.91 500 1.693 11.22 3.09 34.24 22.43 23.55 630 2.43 11.71 3.166 43.25 23.68 28.06 800 2.485 11.36 2.786 26.24 24.17 22.86

1000 1.946 7.321 2.768 29.69 18.36 37.14 1250 1.131 3.46 1.838 39.85 11.08 38.08 1600 0.443 1.391 1.211 36.2 5.739 24.77 2000 0.252 0.758 0.455 19.74 3.993 16.3 2500 0.343 0.34 0.263 10.57 4.641 11.39 ahw 1.2 2.8 2.1 8.5 3.0 3.9

av 3.7 9.8

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December 11, 2007

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1.6 0.114 0.12 0.09 0.132 0.136 0.136 2 0.087 0.077 0.059 0.069 0.137 0.176

2.5 0.091 0.077 0.058 0.072 0.143 0.213 3.15 0.076 0.058 0.098 0.069 0.102 0.196

4 0.071 0.057 0.131 0.095 0.085 0.152 5 0.063 0.055 0.119 0.078 0.08 0.132

6.3 0.075 0.061 0.125 0.104 0.086 0.144 8 0.072 0.082 0.113 0.119 0.077 0.125

10 0.077 0.129 0.082 0.1 0.053 0.109 12.5 0.152 0.355 0.127 0.127 0.069 0.128

16 0.219 0.467 0.117 0.162 0.112 0.132 20 0.176 0.378 0.117 0.194 0.089 0.116 25 0.355 0.825 0.284 0.583 0.204 0.354

31.5 0.368 0.61 0.346 0.583 0.18 0.427 40 0.648 0.625 0.644 1.115 0.319 0.981 50 0.908 0.764 1.224 2.112 0.329 1.134 63 0.613 2.159 2.013 4.881 0.637 2.297 80 2.14 5.632 13.13 18.54 3.939 11.19

100 3.04 8.539 16.75 27.91 5.111 14.59 125 0.522 2.372 1.878 5.243 1.294 1.405 160 2.989 6.764 3.392 15.4 6.131 5.389 200 2.408 7.348 3.139 19.83 7.57 4.921 250 2.902 8.827 1.993 19.76 8.572 5.285 315 3.45 11.62 1.937 18.42 12.65 6.132 400 5.313 22.31 3.246 38.95 21.97 15.18 500 2.937 16.57 3.455 47.56 24.76 19.84 630 2.056 13.14 3.133 43.31 24.75 22.55 800 2.766 11.62 2.145 35.8 25.84 20.86

1000 2.161 7.537 2.318 38.23 18.55 32.55 1250 1.029 2.973 1.859 41.9 16.35 40.63 1600 0.602 1.314 1.412 54.72 13.53 36.59 2000 0.461 0.845 0.552 27.62 6.128 17.11 2500 0.41 0.416 0.305 11.61 4.855 7.28 ahw 1.0 2.7 3.9 7.1 2.2 3.7

av 4.8 8.3

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December 11, 2007

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1.6 0.076 0.059 0.086 0.087 0.074 0.083 2 0.057 0.065 0.064 0.079 0.067 0.12

2.5 0.052 0.109 0.064 0.077 0.109 0.152 3.15 0.051 0.099 0.143 0.08 0.112 0.118

4 0.075 0.06 0.16 0.174 0.08 0.129 5 0.089 0.055 0.197 0.221 0.073 0.148

6.3 0.08 0.065 0.162 0.142 0.101 0.202 8 0.093 0.064 0.164 0.137 0.08 0.175

10 0.096 0.069 0.11 0.11 0.062 0.098 12.5 0.173 0.152 0.196 0.125 0.144 0.075

16 0.2 0.288 0.204 0.137 0.233 0.134 20 0.262 0.457 0.118 0.248 0.385 0.21 25 0.176 0.382 0.146 0.274 0.305 0.248

31.5 0.084 0.226 0.269 0.469 0.184 0.274 40 0.653 1.26 1.114 2.825 0.529 0.728 50 0.723 1.258 1.246 2.183 0.439 0.676 63 0.585 1.774 1.881 3.531 0.564 1.922 80 7.549 13.86 15.82 27.55 6.813 12.89

100 6.118 7.755 9.013 20.14 4.932 13.06 125 1.487 2.801 1.482 5.989 1.914 2.465 160 3.982 9.266 4.778 15.26 6.202 4.397 200 2.283 6.846 3.421 16.6 6.405 3.542 250 2.42 9.487 3.8 14.36 8.897 5.116 315 1.618 11.82 2.375 11.65 12.33 6.131 400 2.672 15.88 4.135 26.44 19.18 15.57 500 2.913 12.7 4.233 32.15 24.52 22.96 630 4.371 14.08 3.771 45.2 27.21 27.14 800 4.734 11.96 2.813 32.3 27.31 24.57

1000 3.202 7.117 2.147 34.37 25.15 36.62 1250 1.356 2.67 1.419 40.65 18.55 39.22 1600 0.493 1.055 1.022 43.35 8.191 32.46 2000 0.414 0.754 0.484 19.07 3.741 15.26 2500 0.361 0.374 0.285 8.177 3.797 6.052 ahw 2.0 3.6 3.7 7.4 2.5 3.8

av 5.5 8.6

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21

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Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

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Front - outer, underneath Rear - front (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.166 0.228 0.281 0.143 0.214 0.13 2 0.149 0.226 0.218 0.126 0.179 0.112

2.5 0.14 0.124 0.225 0.147 0.185 0.101 3.15 0.136 0.123 0.251 0.155 0.16 0.137

4 0.119 0.091 0.235 0.131 0.123 0.141 5 0.102 0.059 0.225 0.116 0.074 0.113

6.3 0.091 0.057 0.145 0.115 0.063 0.109 8 0.078 0.054 0.136 0.095 0.053 0.069

10 0.099 0.069 0.129 0.106 0.058 0.075 12.5 0.251 0.216 0.215 0.196 0.113 0.13

16 0.429 0.336 0.308 0.286 0.195 0.215 20 0.516 0.372 0.314 0.322 0.278 0.213 25 0.377 0.474 0.63 0.332 0.334 0.281

31.5 0.512 0.581 1.218 0.458 0.311 0.498 40 0.788 0.747 2.078 0.86 0.256 0.82 50 0.738 0.69 1.462 1.009 0.397 1.057 63 2.623 1.909 2.191 2.617 1.497 5.484 80 20.72 13.91 15.7 30.01 11.15 45.97

100 7.73 6.277 8.126 20.59 9.939 19.89 125 1.755 1.675 1.739 5.075 3.376 4.042 160 7.384 8.449 10.09 13.87 15.82 11.88 200 3.982 5.688 5.668 10.92 11.26 10.61 250 5.564 11.65 5.99 12.46 14.85 8.412 315 5.141 15.87 4.747 13.23 26.03 7.927 400 6.877 20.14 8.396 27.12 34 9.514 500 5.675 17 7.635 35.6 27.74 9.288 630 5.769 20.5 6.069 38.74 20.69 8.371 800 6.932 18.14 3.448 22.26 13.04 5.747

1000 3.056 7.605 3.443 19.32 7.798 5.252 1250 1.173 2.683 2.523 17.6 4.808 5.422 1600 0.639 1.1 1.663 12.44 3.298 4.84 2000 0.269 0.652 0.653 7.21 2.26 3.81 2500 0.175 0.256 0.274 5.352 1.454 2.697 ahw 4.6 3.6 3.9 7.5 4.1 10.1

av 7.1 13.3

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22

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Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

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Acc

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1.6 0.108 0.107 0.124 0.094 0.141 0.134 2 0.078 0.101 0.131 0.066 0.154 0.161

2.5 0.098 0.122 0.147 0.066 0.177 0.165 3.15 0.111 0.155 0.166 0.094 0.177 0.285

4 0.173 0.156 0.229 0.137 0.157 0.24 5 0.097 0.13 0.261 0.122 0.11 0.194

6.3 0.119 0.112 0.235 0.154 0.094 0.17 8 0.13 0.102 0.193 0.131 0.101 0.222

10 0.152 0.165 0.192 0.14 0.072 0.148 12.5 0.255 0.297 0.188 0.102 0.119 0.108

16 0.424 0.453 0.209 0.166 0.164 0.109 20 0.335 0.264 0.222 0.119 0.099 0.082 25 0.473 0.446 0.665 0.334 0.157 0.175

31.5 0.689 0.509 1.105 0.332 0.143 0.239 40 1.103 0.741 1.705 0.438 0.132 0.288 50 1.421 0.777 2.054 1.034 0.191 0.619 63 4.716 2.357 4.424 3.472 0.465 1.674 80 25.88 19.27 49.87 34.61 7.593 18.71

100 12.94 9.909 28.26 25.51 4.549 10.72 125 1.368 1.517 2.249 4.831 1.086 1.28 160 5.301 6.012 6.825 18.02 7.514 6.049 200 4.804 5.316 5.919 16.9 6.343 3.974 250 5.447 10.89 7.338 17.58 10.71 8.247 315 4.32 16.11 4.169 18.13 17.14 9.456 400 7.761 24.32 6.149 36.36 20.94 18.39 500 5.446 19.31 5.741 37.42 21.79 24.77 630 3.911 19.99 4.72 50.74 26.64 26.67 800 3.598 17.64 3.667 31.23 24.15 24.34

1000 2.545 7 4.032 33.41 20.03 41.84 1250 1.223 2.529 2.741 41.83 22.76 44.33 1600 0.706 1.179 1.573 44.74 14.04 31.97 2000 0.387 0.701 0.672 25.88 5.148 19.39 2500 0.214 0.32 0.273 11.31 3.223 8.246 ahw 5.9 4.7 11.2 9.0 2.6 4.6

av 13.5 10.4

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23

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Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

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Acc

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1.6 0.036 0.081 0.085 0.05 0.059 0.095 2 0.043 0.053 0.093 0.05 0.056 0.106

2.5 0.043 0.065 0.085 0.055 0.05 0.123 3.15 0.052 0.061 0.136 0.071 0.06 0.124

4 0.07 0.06 0.189 0.101 0.056 0.082 5 0.1 0.052 0.163 0.186 0.059 0.125

6.3 0.087 0.047 0.13 0.127 0.06 0.174 8 0.083 0.044 0.158 0.099 0.053 0.149

10 0.089 0.052 0.117 0.092 0.043 0.09 12.5 0.192 0.132 0.134 0.087 0.087 0.086

16 0.505 0.261 0.414 0.202 0.266 0.272 20 0.6 0.384 0.351 0.213 0.248 0.224 25 0.906 0.57 0.711 0.426 0.342 0.341

31.5 0.652 0.526 1.361 0.472 0.197 0.31 40 2.474 2.155 5.061 1.554 0.214 0.404 50 1.745 1.28 3.608 1.484 0.272 0.439 63 3.525 2.155 4.278 3.067 0.631 1.976 80 22.93 13.29 34.26 28.32 6.955 18.49

100 9.269 6.988 19.93 19.48 4.101 8.179 125 2.519 1.848 2.582 5.898 1.421 2.596 160 9.625 7.753 4.367 16.43 7.679 9.275 200 5.176 6.25 4.61 16.31 5.766 4.08 250 4.409 6.971 6.152 18.75 11.66 5.034 315 4.128 16.35 3.965 19.13 17.36 9.339 400 8.543 22.59 7.36 33.81 30.38 17.67 500 7.149 22.84 8.817 47.58 29.82 28.22 630 5.538 25.99 6.083 57.59 30.95 30.33 800 3.314 19.94 4.174 37.03 30.19 28.81

1000 2.846 7.457 4.04 35.08 26.25 39.11 1250 1.348 2.42 2.691 44.69 24.47 42.22 1600 0.769 1.259 1.9 52.04 13.19 38 2000 0.45 0.803 0.786 29.54 3.925 20.99 2500 0.182 0.336 0.297 11.74 3.72 8.12 ahw 5.3 3.7 8.2 7.6 2.9 4.5

av 10.4 9.3

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24

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Site ID: Tool ID: A

InsertedTool: 230 x 7.5 x 22.2 mm Abrasive

Occupation: Scientist Process: Rail grinding



December 11, 2007

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1.6 0.257 0.115 0.123 0.087 0.329 0.315 2 0.282 0.117 0.116 0.132 0.354 0.328

2.5 0.196 0.116 0.141 0.147 0.231 0.209 3.15 0.147 0.079 0.14 0.121 0.167 0.16

4 0.136 0.065 0.164 0.13 0.118 0.123 5 0.143 0.058 0.151 0.156 0.09 0.103

6.3 0.135 0.056 0.205 0.158 0.09 0.091 8 0.121 0.063 0.247 0.144 0.078 0.083

10 0.123 0.067 0.218 0.126 0.08 0.084 12.5 0.143 0.075 0.187 0.11 0.095 0.103

16 0.204 0.112 0.175 0.131 0.142 0.174 20 0.301 0.198 0.214 0.195 0.238 0.351 25 0.31 0.292 0.32 0.232 0.339 0.529

31.5 0.373 0.386 0.492 0.306 0.439 0.768 40 0.666 0.429 0.777 0.389 0.483 0.892 50 0.787 0.682 1.109 0.735 0.716 1.3 63 0.484 0.431 0.61 1.13 0.538 0.902 80 2.129 2.783 1.167 3.732 1.444 4.157

100 5.062 6.521 3.13 8.951 3.391 9.507 125 1.195 2.667 1.561 1.924 1.113 1.355 160 1.75 5.405 3.034 5.724 2.091 1.495 200 2.333 8.718 4.436 10.8 3.143 2.119 250 2.507 3.404 2.182 6.625 3.412 3.259 315 2.832 4.741 2.432 7.004 4.957 6.609 400 4.492 22.59 6.354 25.12 7.584 26.24 500 1.818 12.36 3.59 18.52 12.1 30.68 630 1.804 9.513 2.068 27.86 14.75 16.64 800 3.408 9.521 2.277 21.04 37.07 21.24

1000 2.04 2.452 1.957 18.99 26.81 20.89 1250 0.318 1.204 1.394 15.67 8.137 13.05 1600 0.152 0.297 0.707 11.14 7.893 11.84 2000 0.105 0.221 0.35 10.12 3.685 6.94 2500 0.123 0.213 0.203 9.086 2.485 5.146 ahw 1.2 1.9 1.1 2.5 1.4 2.5

av 2.5 3.8

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25

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Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

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x-axis


1.6 0.117 0.054 0.052 0.038 0.14 0.045 2 0.068 0.052 0.049 0.045 0.087 0.038

2.5 0.086 0.061 0.055 0.057 0.088 0.052 3.15 0.077 0.066 0.069 0.065 0.075 0.052

4 0.088 0.061 0.099 0.078 0.089 0.051 5 0.074 0.048 0.103 0.079 0.074 0.066

6.3 0.092 0.046 0.148 0.116 0.071 0.077 8 0.082 0.056 0.211 0.133 0.058 0.071

10 0.074 0.049 0.129 0.083 0.052 0.061 12.5 0.072 0.053 0.103 0.073 0.056 0.066

16 0.069 0.069 0.095 0.069 0.074 0.085 20 0.084 0.112 0.147 0.098 0.127 0.145 25 0.129 0.139 0.199 0.154 0.181 0.236

31.5 0.249 0.16 0.275 0.24 0.241 0.348 40 0.503 0.226 0.451 0.455 0.418 0.74 50 0.531 0.6 0.718 0.972 0.736 1.42 63 0.367 0.41 0.488 1.228 0.573 1.04 80 2.772 2.806 1.889 3.717 0.831 4.504

100 12.59 12.17 7.59 16.1 3.097 20.21 125 1.65 3.014 2.032 1.781 1.009 1.516 160 2.493 6.647 3.689 5.274 2.224 1.622 200 3.435 11.53 5.619 10.91 5.069 2.236 250 3.365 4.57 2.456 5.787 3.762 2.228 315 5.479 7.329 3.861 7.583 5.291 5.729 400 6.974 23.49 8.768 19.73 8.839 23.66 500 2.629 13.36 3.039 13.86 13.6 17.82 630 1.818 12.02 2.488 18.56 17.4 17.48 800 3.607 7.938 1.846 17.76 33.91 18.96

1000 1.659 2.984 2.04 20.75 21.99 20.99 1250 0.39 1.049 1.301 17.6 9.315 18.2 1600 0.226 0.27 0.675 12.75 11.44 12.6 2000 0.15 0.211 0.352 12.12 4.264 8.27 2500 0.149 0.176 0.223 10.45 1.728 5.906 ahw 2.2 2.7 1.6 3.2 1.3 3.7

av 3.8 5.0

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26

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Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

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1.6 0.18 0.142 0.062 0.084 0.189 0.06 2 0.159 0.172 0.066 0.097 0.174 0.056

2.5 0.139 0.139 0.085 0.116 0.14 0.06 3.15 0.144 0.102 0.122 0.104 0.146 0.095

4 0.15 0.088 0.163 0.124 0.139 0.122 5 0.135 0.067 0.2 0.161 0.107 0.116

6.3 0.118 0.051 0.227 0.169 0.105 0.121 8 0.113 0.07 0.298 0.198 0.1 0.109

10 0.105 0.076 0.245 0.183 0.084 0.105 12.5 0.107 0.077 0.179 0.136 0.069 0.079

16 0.105 0.076 0.13 0.099 0.069 0.079 20 0.088 0.09 0.118 0.07 0.089 0.097 25 0.087 0.121 0.179 0.07 0.126 0.145

31.5 0.164 0.152 0.293 0.113 0.154 0.201 40 0.639 0.298 0.707 0.258 0.311 0.435 50 0.84 0.591 0.923 0.691 0.508 0.698 63 0.518 0.36 0.591 1.065 0.518 0.789 80 2.077 1.579 2.332 4.224 1.475 4.206

100 8.452 5.688 9.49 17.1 5.626 15.9 125 1.481 2.38 1.686 1.511 1.089 1.32 160 2.564 5.303 3.23 4.333 2.1 1.518 200 3.764 7.567 3.537 9.674 3.701 2.552 250 4.577 3.879 2.824 6.118 5.065 3.567 315 3.761 6.992 4.475 7.186 6.153 9.096 400 4.168 29 11.74 22.5 10.67 37.72 500 2.065 19.44 3.781 14.83 17.57 28.67 630 2.106 16.22 2.495 18.48 18.46 17.04 800 4.954 8.56 2.351 20.34 36.99 22.61

1000 3.27 2.126 2.278 26.9 25.43 28.02 1250 0.468 1.043 1.335 22.08 11.04 18.74 1600 0.159 0.303 0.771 14.85 13.37 12.36 2000 0.099 0.21 0.361 10.46 5.649 8.529 2500 0.111 0.181 0.171 9.438 2.485 6.955 ahw 1.6 2.0 1.9 3.3 1.6 3.4

av 3.2 5.0

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

27

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.397 0.148 0.148 0.112 0.529 0.406 2 0.254 0.126 0.093 0.125 0.312 0.257

2.5 0.194 0.103 0.124 0.124 0.252 0.219 3.15 0.184 0.082 0.145 0.151 0.18 0.185

4 0.142 0.079 0.123 0.15 0.132 0.112 5 0.145 0.054 0.157 0.143 0.131 0.094

6.3 0.133 0.054 0.208 0.159 0.113 0.076 8 0.122 0.065 0.197 0.161 0.101 0.09

10 0.112 0.064 0.144 0.114 0.086 0.083 12.5 0.109 0.074 0.142 0.112 0.084 0.099

16 0.113 0.083 0.126 0.097 0.103 0.128 20 0.11 0.103 0.149 0.11 0.124 0.193 25 0.139 0.122 0.216 0.131 0.162 0.252

31.5 0.266 0.169 0.348 0.173 0.221 0.379 40 0.559 0.357 0.69 0.4 0.455 0.809 50 0.663 0.642 0.957 1.002 0.886 1.539 63 0.375 0.389 0.462 1.226 0.726 1.214 80 1.288 2.87 0.813 4.005 1.436 3.382

100 3.223 7.381 2.34 11.35 3.806 8.101 125 0.569 2.134 0.636 1.885 1.112 1.52 160 1.012 5.101 1.296 5.68 2.473 1.793 200 1.639 9.433 2.094 14.95 4.004 2.682 250 1.314 4.404 1.42 6.884 4.376 3.352 315 2.004 6.461 2.689 8.209 6.493 10.28 400 4.569 21.96 5.451 30.49 10.17 39.54 500 2.726 9.883 3.269 25.97 17.07 37.92 630 1.793 8.952 2.322 27.01 23.23 22.24 800 1.86 8.165 2.533 24.66 47.72 21.94

1000 1.145 3.048 3.082 29.34 31.46 29.79 1250 0.483 1.1 2.18 21.69 10.37 19.94 1600 0.193 0.362 0.913 12.66 10.95 14.52 2000 0.229 0.304 0.337 11.6 4.338 8.964 2500 0.341 0.36 0.278 9.814 2.457 6.887 ahw 0.8 2.0 0.8 3.1 1.7 2.8

av 2.3 4.5

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z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

28

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.053 0.038 0.027 0.034 0.065 0.037 2 0.067 0.039 0.038 0.039 0.065 0.038

2.5 0.063 0.048 0.043 0.044 0.064 0.045 3.15 0.088 0.053 0.051 0.053 0.088 0.046

4 0.095 0.055 0.068 0.064 0.096 0.051 5 0.082 0.048 0.089 0.084 0.083 0.057

6.3 0.092 0.051 0.123 0.12 0.08 0.077 8 0.094 0.056 0.186 0.148 0.079 0.105

10 0.085 0.052 0.138 0.1 0.085 0.103 12.5 0.081 0.07 0.12 0.093 0.106 0.126

16 0.08 0.11 0.121 0.114 0.143 0.16 20 0.084 0.133 0.19 0.133 0.188 0.206 25 0.166 0.146 0.291 0.222 0.25 0.314

31.5 0.373 0.215 0.471 0.324 0.337 0.457 40 0.55 0.307 0.699 0.476 0.506 0.774 50 0.257 0.362 0.665 0.594 0.566 0.979 63 0.427 0.444 0.63 1.166 0.675 1.104 80 0.453 0.553 0.4 1.034 0.637 1.099

100 1.479 3.001 1.81 3.161 2.157 3.815 125 0.635 2.732 0.902 1.615 1.206 0.975 160 0.979 4.217 0.871 4.128 1.638 1.197 200 1.647 4.732 0.366 5.742 2.428 1.507 250 1.303 4.512 1.116 4.395 3.299 2.129 315 2.419 9.369 2.392 7.422 4.679 6.221 400 5.749 35.82 5.953 30.18 10.84 32.37 500 3.604 12.1 2.853 12.32 13.55 20.82 630 2.695 8.459 2.272 15.64 16.23 16.46 800 4.388 7.444 2.413 19.1 26.56 14.41

1000 1.406 2.515 2.651 20.25 15.28 20.94 1250 0.626 0.989 2.278 18.78 8.685 19.65 1600 0.268 0.349 0.814 13.19 9.321 12.61 2000 0.198 0.249 0.283 11.59 4.389 8.612 2500 0.375 0.302 0.151 9.158 2.122 5.935 ahw 0.6 1.8 0.7 1.8 1.2 1.9

av 2.1 2.8

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z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

29

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.085 0.107 0.058 0.069 0.073 0.045 2 0.107 0.114 0.062 0.076 0.084 0.056

2.5 0.092 0.092 0.056 0.084 0.072 0.052 3.15 0.097 0.085 0.06 0.073 0.067 0.069

4 0.094 0.059 0.071 0.075 0.071 0.078 5 0.087 0.05 0.093 0.099 0.063 0.093

6.3 0.079 0.042 0.11 0.104 0.051 0.068 8 0.069 0.032 0.17 0.115 0.06 0.081

10 0.064 0.04 0.182 0.125 0.066 0.072 12.5 0.077 0.051 0.143 0.104 0.069 0.071

16 0.079 0.062 0.111 0.082 0.071 0.068 20 0.087 0.097 0.114 0.074 0.087 0.073 25 0.207 0.167 0.234 0.139 0.149 0.127

31.5 0.395 0.193 0.343 0.189 0.198 0.216 40 1.06 0.394 0.849 0.659 0.5 0.525 50 1.177 0.537 1 1.4 0.812 0.905 63 0.363 0.385 0.263 1.323 0.585 0.843 80 0.469 0.867 0.573 1.685 0.855 1.778

100 2.248 4.032 2.919 7.624 3.998 9.006 125 0.716 2.404 0.904 1.896 1.185 1.109 160 0.876 4.193 0.83 4.305 2.183 1.253 200 1.569 6.549 0.595 9.174 2.795 1.894 250 1.688 2.765 0.981 5.224 3.302 2.147 315 1.984 4.379 1.756 6.322 4.229 4.113 400 2.387 25.16 2.97 22.74 8.494 22.11 500 2.091 10.09 2.212 13.25 12.93 17.19 630 1.713 8.74 1.962 18.71 17.33 14.56 800 0.97 4.729 1.928 20.98 16.49 10.82

1000 1.051 1.879 3.12 21.94 12.22 21.31 1250 0.314 0.78 2.024 16.15 5.907 16.25 1600 0.155 0.247 0.614 11.62 8.599 9.423 2000 0.148 0.198 0.259 9.189 4.254 7.421 2500 0.192 0.265 0.247 8.586 1.518 5.116 ahw 0.8 1.5 0.8 2.1 1.2 2.0

av 1.9 3.1

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

30

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.816 0.303 0.158 0.253 0.831 0.395 2 0.35 0.267 0.094 0.167 0.374 0.202

2.5 0.189 0.143 0.097 0.152 0.2 0.156 3.15 0.206 0.128 0.137 0.203 0.198 0.197

4 0.17 0.115 0.117 0.206 0.161 0.163 5 0.187 0.111 0.122 0.253 0.184 0.145

6.3 0.15 0.082 0.18 0.242 0.158 0.16 8 0.146 0.09 0.19 0.195 0.132 0.183

10 0.149 0.09 0.162 0.164 0.132 0.184 12.5 0.144 0.116 0.168 0.198 0.152 0.233

16 0.133 0.131 0.162 0.23 0.184 0.296 20 0.112 0.145 0.191 0.273 0.229 0.408 25 0.113 0.131 0.298 0.316 0.301 0.549

31.5 0.094 0.159 0.385 0.365 0.383 0.777 40 0.172 0.496 0.621 0.734 0.873 1.895 50 0.523 0.942 0.765 1.264 1.338 3.011 63 0.295 0.583 0.599 1.951 0.91 2.438 80 3.53 6.755 4.096 11.15 8.222 37.25

100 3.131 5.306 2.884 17.79 8.559 33.64 125 1.682 1.123 1.336 6.122 1.493 5.68 160 7.527 2.854 7.075 8.577 3.072 11.09 200 10.84 4.412 13.19 9.937 5.214 8.948 250 6.74 7.98 12.69 6.643 4.409 7.433 315 10.16 18.22 20.96 8.402 6.097 11.26 400 12.37 39.94 19.48 9.54 9.855 18.76 500 9.223 13.66 14.83 21.28 17.76 14.46 630 5.206 16.24 11.06 22.37 43.87 12.85 800 5.704 7.567 9.242 34.56 64.68 10.09

1000 3.868 3.029 8.358 38.56 45.75 5.733 1250 1.581 2.187 6.818 14.68 17.51 4.251 1600 0.801 1.057 4.065 11.3 24.91 9.911 2000 0.601 0.499 1.736 8.792 11.38 8.432 2500 0.534 0.315 0.816 5.321 2.188 7.547 ahw 1.8 2.7 2.4 4.2 3.0 9.6

av 4.0 10.9

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

31

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.097 0.077 0.053 0.053 0.216 0.063 2 0.085 0.069 0.049 0.045 0.134 0.082

2.5 0.088 0.08 0.066 0.056 0.116 0.078 3.15 0.084 0.087 0.08 0.073 0.107 0.087

4 0.089 0.074 0.099 0.092 0.114 0.103 5 0.079 0.075 0.093 0.138 0.106 0.111

6.3 0.088 0.08 0.129 0.208 0.121 0.135 8 0.085 0.078 0.145 0.206 0.123 0.153

10 0.074 0.068 0.115 0.136 0.113 0.158 12.5 0.078 0.085 0.1 0.119 0.13 0.2

16 0.056 0.09 0.089 0.108 0.135 0.193 20 0.064 0.121 0.126 0.118 0.186 0.256 25 0.088 0.138 0.21 0.21 0.272 0.416

31.5 0.091 0.18 0.274 0.347 0.313 0.564 40 0.101 0.321 0.369 0.603 0.55 1.09 50 0.191 0.443 0.44 1.085 0.74 1.548 63 0.291 0.573 0.549 2.367 0.779 1.726 80 1.09 2.056 1.447 4.449 0.866 6.119

100 5.402 10.56 7.212 21.5 2.84 31.27 125 1.943 0.846 1.742 4.396 1.315 3.372 160 4.068 1.207 3.86 4.473 2.241 4.041 200 12.41 3.794 12.74 10.75 4.321 8.54 250 5.43 5.022 7.779 4.39 3.462 5.14 315 10.1 11.41 13.78 6.235 5.384 7.504 400 10.93 36.37 13.88 12.47 11.69 17.2 500 6.171 9.955 8.186 9.626 11.81 9.074 630 4.385 8.288 7.896 17.89 16.12 5.818 800 2.637 4.184 4.501 18.56 17.29 3.585

1000 2.495 2.052 4.886 15.73 14.34 2.299 1250 1.179 1.725 4.987 7.479 7.479 2.02 1600 0.537 0.597 2.271 6.291 12.27 4.976 2000 0.389 0.388 1.21 4.655 5.67 3.954 2500 0.41 0.224 0.577 3.15 1.086 4.364 ahw 1.6 2.4 2.0 3.9 1.2 5.4

av 3.5 6.8

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

32

0


Site ID: Tool ID: A





December 11, 2007

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.065 0.049 0.033 0.053 0.168 0.058 2 0.078 0.054 0.03 0.053 0.166 0.053

2.5 0.068 0.046 0.032 0.069 0.142 0.056 3.15 0.083 0.058 0.039 0.091 0.13 0.074

4 0.074 0.048 0.051 0.105 0.143 0.085 5 0.077 0.05 0.057 0.153 0.131 0.094

6.3 0.067 0.05 0.078 0.128 0.104 0.088 8 0.054 0.042 0.124 0.127 0.09 0.086

10 0.056 0.048 0.138 0.135 0.09 0.1 12.5 0.06 0.072 0.141 0.164 0.094 0.111

16 0.062 0.068 0.105 0.132 0.11 0.123 20 0.06 0.113 0.127 0.154 0.179 0.208 25 0.074 0.14 0.207 0.186 0.257 0.351

31.5 0.073 0.197 0.292 0.278 0.311 0.517 40 0.155 0.494 0.429 1.014 0.603 1.146 50 0.48 0.977 0.539 3.235 0.929 1.855 63 0.475 0.77 0.509 3.096 0.72 1.534 80 0.39 0.801 0.62 2.653 0.866 2.428

100 1.898 5.026 3.043 11.42 4.714 15.1 125 1.644 0.706 2.279 4.881 1.394 3.569 160 2.556 1.192 4.151 5.856 3.276 5.16 200 4.191 1.805 5.829 5.323 3.7 5.73 250 4.554 3.816 5.455 3.643 2.974 5.116 315 7.296 7.729 8.4 4.375 4.381 6.714 400 10.01 36.67 7.513 10.02 16.7 18.06 500 5.55 12.9 5.629 7.133 12.42 7.651 630 3.846 6.721 5.739 16.26 12.4 4.665 800 1.908 2.928 3.352 17.88 13.05 3.473

1000 1.908 1.604 3.902 19.62 9.184 3.475 1250 1.101 1.697 4.611 6.786 4.315 1.698 1600 0.484 0.553 1.8 5.33 9.809 4.251 2000 0.35 0.33 1.032 4.067 5.528 3.678 2500 0.368 0.183 0.524 3.217 1.069 3.179 ahw 0.9 1.9 1.2 2.7 1.4 2.9

av 2.4 4.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

33

APPENDIX B – EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL DATA FOR MACHINE B

34

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400


Subject 1Tool reference: Tool B

PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner 100


0.001




a: 2.1 m/s2 z-axis 2.8 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.8 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.9 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

total a: 4.0 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 06/09/2007








1.8 m/s2

1.8 m/s2

3.1 m/s2


Feed force 40 N

Mass: 2.6 kg

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

1

0.1

0.01

10

35

800

1600


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.8 m/s2 z-axis 3.2 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.8 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.1 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

total a: 4.1 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 18/09/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600



1.9 m/s2

1.8 m/s2

3.2 m/s2

36


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 1-3: front handle mid

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.9 m/s2 z-axis 4.5 m/s2

K: 2.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 2.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 4.5 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

total a: 6.4 m/s2

K: 3.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





3.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 4.4 m/s2

37


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 1-3: front handle outer, underneath

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 5.9 m/s2 z-axis 8.3 m/s2

K: 5.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.6 m/s2

K: 3.1 m/s2

z-axis a: 9.1 m/s2

K: 5.1 m/s2

total a: 11.8 m/s2

K: 7.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 18/09/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





6.4 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 9.6 m/s2

38


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.6 m/s2 z-axis 0.9 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.0 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.0 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

total a: 4.3 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





3.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.2 m/s2

39


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.7 m/s2 z-axis 1.0 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.8 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.0 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

total a: 4.2 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 18/09/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





3.8 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.0 m/s2

40


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

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2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 4.3 m/s2 z-axis 2.8 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.3 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.0 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 5.7 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 18/09/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

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/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

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/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

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4.2 m/s2

2.3 m/s2

2.9 m/s2

41


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back

Mass: 2.6 kg

Feed force 40 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

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2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 4.8 m/s2 z-axis 3.0 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 0.3 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.0 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

total a: 6.2 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 06/09/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

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/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

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n (m





4.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

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25 50 100

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/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

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atio

n (m



z-axis 3.0 m/s2

42

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

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x-axis

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

er (EN60745)��Front - inner (r - front (glue) ��Rear - front ( Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.159 0.169 0.08 0.116 0.177 0.037 2 0.143 0.127 0.066 0.098 0.143 0.057

2.5 0.076 0.096 0.067 0.078 0.093 0.043 3.15 0.111 0.11 0.097 0.112 0.122 0.064

4 0.089 0.101 0.107 0.114 0.096 0.059 5 0.099 0.094 0.093 0.146 0.104 0.055

6.3 0.103 0.107 0.086 0.117 0.087 0.072 8 0.082 0.093 0.084 0.111 0.09 0.067

10 0.08 0.095 0.08 0.106 0.091 0.058 12.5 0.082 0.112 0.092 0.113 0.093 0.061

16 0.101 0.137 0.09 0.113 0.1 0.056 20 0.125 0.207 0.104 0.147 0.109 0.063 25 0.228 0.34 0.161 0.239 0.154 0.095

31.5 0.43 0.58 0.255 0.441 0.269 0.164 40 0.85 0.985 0.498 0.677 0.534 0.309 50 1.826 2.165 1.151 1.373 1.12 0.938 63 3.326 4.174 1.485 2.43 1.293 1.18 80 5.577 7.17 3.127 4.781 1.48 1.718

100 6.961 10.68 6.789 9.056 1.496 2.344 125 4.756 6.083 7.263 9.091 1.744 1.946 160 17.06 13.47 18.08 24.9 10.13 3.405 200 4.512 5.506 8.144 10.16 2.476 4.672 250 4.978 6.094 12.69 17.09 4.39 7.519 315 12.5 13.95 37.33 55.4 8.321 9.627 400 21.16 10.18 22.2 45.45 17.81 16.05 500 38.69 17.88 22.71 56.98 39.42 15.03 630 40.38 35.5 43.01 66.21 35.97 12.82 800 72.86 59.56 47.22 87.83 33.66 12.61

1000 43.31 34.99 70.89 69.65 31.22 17.53 1250 22.63 43.86 132.7 121.5 70.78 38.43 1600 23.54 63.77 114.5 75.52 48.83 36.88 2000 32.91 94.84 98.34 27.22 32.97 122 2500 66.17 120 79.34 12.5 10.24 35.64 ahw 3.6 3.6 4.0 5.9 2.4 1.5

av 6.5 6.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

43

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.037 0.041 0.044 0.039 0.037 0.023 2 0.037 0.034 0.051 0.044 0.032 0.018

2.5 0.039 0.039 0.052 0.049 0.034 0.035 3.15 0.05 0.039 0.058 0.056 0.042 0.044

4 0.052 0.039 0.07 0.048 0.048 0.043 5 0.041 0.041 0.065 0.075 0.045 0.042

6.3 0.047 0.055 0.103 0.085 0.058 0.065 8 0.064 0.051 0.084 0.078 0.071 0.065

10 0.078 0.068 0.097 0.093 0.098 0.068 12.5 0.073 0.09 0.15 0.113 0.096 0.093

16 0.08 0.074 0.111 0.079 0.083 0.061 20 0.123 0.087 0.091 0.079 0.122 0.063 25 0.21 0.17 0.107 0.148 0.173 0.09

31.5 0.272 0.291 0.15 0.21 0.207 0.103 40 0.341 0.424 0.247 0.271 0.304 0.164 50 0.871 1.358 0.569 0.861 0.996 0.812 63 1.061 1.712 0.741 1.363 0.694 0.591 80 1.301 2.152 1.188 1.538 1.079 0.783

100 3.146 6.286 3.665 4.097 1.791 1.758 125 3.454 6.109 6.474 8.167 2.097 2.133 160 15.52 19.06 21.13 28.21 8.207 6.416 200 3.134 4.84 6.433 7.919 2.576 4.079 250 3.761 5.904 11.57 16.08 4.327 8.31 315 11.23 20.26 42.33 63.36 9.069 10.71 400 19.48 13.25 19.83 41.29 20.86 16.12 500 38.66 23.81 22.2 71.3 49.81 13.2 630 31.25 29.93 29.29 60.27 35.62 11.72 800 41.1 43.13 33.27 64.93 34.66 10.28

1000 36.99 33.87 45.08 57.38 31.72 15.31 1250 23.94 36.7 92.51 104.9 71.15 28.32 1600 24.28 48.65 103.5 58.2 41.13 34.36 2000 27.11 81.59 89.44 19.66 22.74 88.21 2500 49.17 91.18 75.55 10.51 7.693 23.11 ahw 2.7 3.1 3.8 5.9 2.5 1.5

av 5.6 6.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

44

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.12 0.093 0.106 0.112 0.151 0.102 2 0.094 0.09 0.068 0.103 0.107 0.039

2.5 0.095 0.068 0.047 0.08 0.087 0.059 3.15 0.081 0.07 0.084 0.091 0.097 0.074

4 0.132 0.109 0.131 0.159 0.117 0.081 5 0.083 0.082 0.096 0.118 0.067 0.059

6.3 0.057 0.069 0.103 0.104 0.077 0.076 8 0.054 0.067 0.125 0.103 0.074 0.081

10 0.048 0.067 0.097 0.08 0.07 0.053 12.5 0.048 0.085 0.075 0.086 0.065 0.043

16 0.053 0.111 0.06 0.085 0.058 0.033 20 0.08 0.222 0.093 0.137 0.077 0.044 25 0.137 0.345 0.179 0.251 0.114 0.077

31.5 0.259 0.621 0.312 0.507 0.205 0.19 40 0.407 0.76 0.321 0.738 0.373 0.332 50 0.903 1.177 0.664 1.125 0.686 0.763 63 2.245 3.092 2.24 2.812 0.949 1.188 80 2.416 4.01 2.478 2.472 0.904 1.26

100 5.029 8.575 5.306 6.044 2.15 3.161 125 3.206 4.926 5.719 7.243 1.712 2.117 160 10.41 9.685 12.39 17.13 5.701 3.275 200 4.614 5.881 10.63 12.45 2.309 5.088 250 3.286 6.001 9.903 12.11 2.918 8.383 315 9.78 10.98 21.71 28.17 8.019 9.861 400 17.96 8.787 17.79 34.89 18.79 17.11 500 34.3 14.14 15.32 38.38 30.9 9.544 630 28.06 20.89 27.03 40.08 26.4 8.245 800 51.1 42.14 27.8 56.21 23.41 8.962

1000 29.39 30.03 43.91 45.51 23.05 11.66 1250 16.5 31.58 89.45 67.07 53.61 22.73 1600 15.8 49 69.95 34.26 27.21 30.3 2000 19.83 74.32 58.66 15.28 16.6 68.11 2500 56.65 102.6 59.1 10.08 6.825 18.29 ahw 2.5 2.7 2.9 4.0 1.8 1.4

av 4.6 4.6

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

45

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.159 0.073 0.118 0.049 0.096 0.057 2 0.069 0.069 0.077 0.051 0.032 0.032

2.5 0.033 0.083 0.031 0.069 0.047 0.039 3.15 0.038 0.055 0.034 0.051 0.047 0.051

4 0.063 0.049 0.046 0.067 0.044 0.038 5 0.052 0.058 0.051 0.07 0.046 0.029

6.3 0.049 0.05 0.055 0.061 0.06 0.037 8 0.044 0.049 0.063 0.063 0.051 0.044

10 0.051 0.062 0.061 0.07 0.055 0.039 12.5 0.083 0.077 0.073 0.068 0.066 0.048

16 0.109 0.105 0.064 0.071 0.076 0.047 20 0.167 0.185 0.069 0.112 0.095 0.052 25 0.268 0.299 0.105 0.172 0.134 0.095

31.5 0.472 0.558 0.221 0.31 0.268 0.183 40 1.022 1.087 0.444 0.593 0.447 0.246 50 1.85 1.937 0.833 1.16 0.73 0.6 63 5.915 6.086 3.369 3.902 1.038 0.733 80 4.868 5.363 5.276 3.938 0.854 0.956

100 9.856 11.58 9.482 5.611 1.829 2.093 125 5.22 10.06 12.27 7.112 1.347 1.669 160 14.42 20.53 26.57 20.4 6.126 2.976 200 6.925 10.08 13.05 11.97 2.409 4.973 250 6.759 10.25 11.88 12.78 4.184 7.675 315 11.62 17.44 33.79 35.87 10.03 8.879 400 15.91 12.92 18.01 35.87 20.66 16.11 500 19.66 15.3 13.12 38 35.18 11.42 630 12.12 25.25 17.61 44.17 30.18 10.12 800 10.73 58.9 15.12 76.18 28.53 11.95

1000 13.03 58.56 22.24 57.6 27.26 16.31 1250 13.94 77.87 43.98 96.5 62.45 30.3 1600 21.29 58.56 49.63 46.08 36.11 47.42 2000 36.27 58 58.54 23 23.9 96.87 2500 33.75 69.7 60.01 10.01 7.168 20.23 ahw 3.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 2.1 1.3

av 7.0 5.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

46

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

1

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.042 0.062 0.03 0.038 0.046 0.028 2 0.049 0.078 0.025 0.053 0.059 0.016

2.5 0.036 0.046 0.036 0.05 0.056 0.029 3.15 0.059 0.1 0.072 0.09 0.087 0.036

4 0.111 0.152 0.072 0.13 0.174 0.038 5 0.096 0.132 0.102 0.139 0.134 0.043

6.3 0.082 0.05 0.135 0.092 0.089 0.053 8 0.07 0.108 0.182 0.153 0.118 0.064

10 0.069 0.076 0.137 0.12 0.068 0.065 12.5 0.096 0.066 0.17 0.098 0.09 0.065

16 0.086 0.052 0.172 0.079 0.064 0.054 20 0.094 0.061 0.093 0.072 0.068 0.044 25 0.088 0.087 0.093 0.076 0.063 0.042

31.5 0.138 0.135 0.137 0.094 0.107 0.06 40 0.25 0.213 0.249 0.159 0.181 0.112 50 0.463 0.409 0.488 0.274 0.652 0.662 63 1.067 0.932 0.96 0.62 0.526 0.329 80 1.066 0.973 1.248 0.896 0.769 0.551

100 3.657 3.926 5.394 2.922 1.699 1.822 125 3.121 5.137 4.752 3.221 1.757 1.68 160 9.122 18.72 19.25 15.85 5.884 3.962 200 3.087 6.687 6.244 9.316 3.159 5.222 250 3.654 10.34 7.301 14.74 3.509 9.994 315 6.874 14.54 12.45 23.18 8.015 9.33 400 8.35 9.262 10.74 27.16 15.5 15.13 500 10.75 12.99 9.361 37.98 34.14 10.25 630 10.22 15.25 10.72 33.21 25.9 7.205 800 10.74 30.56 11.75 43.78 23.88 7.831

1000 10.4 38.4 19.27 37.64 23.46 11.4 1250 10.51 45.19 36.66 57.1 47.13 20.88 1600 15.37 33.62 43.54 34.94 28.75 29.8 2000 24.97 37.14 50.1 16.26 17.26 68.33 2500 23.66 40.61 58.61 7.945 5.86 16.34 ahw 1.5 2.6 2.6 3.2 1.8 1.3

av 4.0 3.9

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

47

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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/s²)

x-axis

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.054 0.072 0.035 0.072 0.058 0.013 2 0.037 0.042 0.041 0.042 0.049 0.023

2.5 0.043 0.049 0.05 0.041 0.046 0.031 3.15 0.058 0.058 0.062 0.068 0.065 0.039

4 0.061 0.052 0.075 0.063 0.055 0.035 5 0.072 0.039 0.081 0.079 0.05 0.035

6.3 0.065 0.04 0.072 0.083 0.053 0.032 8 0.044 0.033 0.083 0.074 0.04 0.038

10 0.038 0.051 0.067 0.066 0.05 0.03 12.5 0.034 0.044 0.049 0.059 0.045 0.027

16 0.043 0.072 0.054 0.063 0.042 0.023 20 0.081 0.118 0.091 0.081 0.046 0.029 25 0.138 0.214 0.174 0.107 0.064 0.06

31.5 0.284 0.411 0.349 0.258 0.119 0.141 40 0.458 0.701 0.396 0.456 0.244 0.214 50 0.64 0.98 0.485 0.758 0.586 0.527 63 1.726 2.809 2.035 2.605 0.909 1.031 80 1.314 2.727 1.951 1.485 0.817 0.989

100 3.831 7.564 5.738 5.084 2.046 2.748 125 1.762 4.633 6.309 6.146 1.332 1.621 160 5.466 10.8 17.95 14.91 5.053 3.374 200 3.159 6.932 10.91 12.31 1.926 4.655 250 3.632 7.314 7.14 9.96 3.362 8.514 315 8.254 9.177 10.22 19.02 8.453 8.338 400 12.63 11.7 11.19 32.72 16.86 14.73 500 11.85 11.08 8.742 33.06 30.13 9.171 630 9.805 15.21 15.52 34.49 26.91 7.436 800 7.941 40.05 16.68 49.99 22.75 9.534

1000 9.848 37.73 20.16 35.74 20.8 10.42 1250 10.55 47.53 36.81 57.36 46.63 18.84 1600 16.76 38.43 40.26 33.6 25.25 26.6 2000 28.42 42.42 54.14 15.41 16.8 63.8 2500 41.46 54.45 68.73 8.494 5.848 16.07 ahw 1.4 2.5 2.7 3.4 1.7 1.3

av 3.9 4.0

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

48

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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/s²)

x-axis

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

Front - outer, underneath Rear - back (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.056 0.052 0.041 0.059 0.053 0.021 2 0.04 0.044 0.025 0.043 0.043 0.023

2.5 0.043 0.055 0.034 0.045 0.051 0.043 3.15 0.039 0.056 0.045 0.046 0.026 0.029

4 0.029 0.046 0.057 0.039 0.042 0.024 5 0.041 0.042 0.05 0.048 0.035 0.039

6.3 0.048 0.04 0.042 0.055 0.04 0.054 8 0.04 0.034 0.032 0.047 0.04 0.044

10 0.041 0.045 0.036 0.032 0.049 0.035 12.5 0.04 0.053 0.037 0.026 0.049 0.047

16 0.045 0.048 0.028 0.022 0.044 0.038 20 0.059 0.068 0.038 0.023 0.05 0.033 25 0.095 0.094 0.066 0.033 0.072 0.039

31.5 0.157 0.144 0.114 0.051 0.101 0.053 40 0.29 0.277 0.239 0.122 0.178 0.103 50 1.089 0.786 0.577 0.295 0.379 0.331 63 1.182 1.01 1.514 0.847 0.546 0.422 80 1.307 1.237 1.943 0.994 0.606 0.438

100 8.33 6.99 9.187 3.288 2.27 1.574 125 5.946 6.507 11.49 6.19 1.843 1.635 160 11.78 14.17 30.03 15.45 4.751 3.108 200 4.444 5.051 14.48 7.862 6.148 4.735 250 8.295 8.287 15.58 8.461 11.55 9.819 315 15.41 16.3 30.97 23.65 15.55 18.72 400 30.4 15.75 20.37 31.15 19.61 52.93 500 18.61 14.75 14.71 30.65 30.32 46.92 630 9.032 15.12 15.37 41.81 33.51 50.07 800 11.71 38.76 13.56 102.8 76.27 66.01

1000 8.571 41.31 7.292 62.47 39.5 49.63 1250 10.67 47.88 14.3 19.19 10.27 18.8 1600 31.68 40.25 23.88 9.946 4.826 12.21 2000 70.63 80.89 62.12 5.797 3.398 7.236 2500 81.32 88.21 51.75 3.364 3.401 4.924 ahw 2.6 2.7 4.4 3.7 2.5 3.4

av 5.8 5.6

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

49

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

1

10

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.036 0.021 0.039 0.033 0.036 0.028 2 0.03 0.023 0.043 0.03 0.039 0.021

2.5 0.037 0.026 0.037 0.038 0.034 0.032 3.15 0.052 0.034 0.038 0.044 0.047 0.041

4 0.045 0.031 0.06 0.043 0.044 0.044 5 0.063 0.033 0.104 0.06 0.042 0.054

6.3 0.068 0.034 0.154 0.094 0.043 0.056 8 0.086 0.038 0.143 0.086 0.048 0.079

10 0.083 0.046 0.121 0.066 0.063 0.089 12.5 0.135 0.058 0.203 0.074 0.056 0.072

16 0.126 0.049 0.113 0.045 0.073 0.075 20 0.176 0.084 0.089 0.052 0.09 0.073 25 0.283 0.165 0.131 0.067 0.132 0.08

31.5 0.45 0.288 0.143 0.135 0.2 0.091 40 0.814 0.547 0.205 0.312 0.397 0.165 50 1.572 1.216 0.66 0.662 0.591 0.402 63 2.275 1.804 1.679 1.303 0.724 0.46 80 2.181 1.998 2.714 1.747 0.769 0.666

100 5.748 5.732 8.347 4.888 2.175 0.832 125 3.844 8.04 11.82 7.184 2.154 1.004 160 7.235 25.65 47.53 24.58 5.631 4.755 200 4.383 7.117 11.31 8.066 6.354 3.582 250 5.485 11.65 13.61 14.65 17.62 8.819 315 13.64 21.45 33.84 62.92 19.3 38.91 400 20.18 15.98 16.1 41.05 29.22 69.93 500 14.99 21.56 19.31 42.35 51.82 84.52 630 8.287 26.7 12.05 43.83 41.81 47.46 800 7.258 46.5 12.3 91.44 95.58 70.22

1000 7.878 44.3 7.212 69.19 63.28 65.36 1250 11.71 41.1 17.15 29.03 20.11 27.29 1600 31.66 42.84 25.12 13.26 7.784 16.11 2000 58.63 66.08 41.57 7.03 5.212 11.2 2500 67.41 65.03 40.74 3.982 4.849 6.891 ahw 2.1 3.7 5.7 5.3 3.5 4.8

av 7.1 8.0

y-axis

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y-axis

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50

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





January 16, 2008

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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x-axis

0.1

1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.027 0.029 0.045 0.033 0.044 0.055 2 0.044 0.041 0.023 0.05 0.062 0.055

2.5 0.048 0.037 0.027 0.064 0.051 0.067 3.15 0.073 0.052 0.041 0.091 0.083 0.083

4 0.096 0.052 0.065 0.101 0.051 0.089 5 0.078 0.052 0.069 0.089 0.05 0.079

6.3 0.085 0.041 0.077 0.075 0.054 0.101 8 0.073 0.03 0.062 0.065 0.039 0.091

10 0.075 0.036 0.066 0.062 0.037 0.068 12.5 0.074 0.045 0.061 0.053 0.039 0.05

16 0.074 0.064 0.052 0.038 0.039 0.038 20 0.099 0.097 0.056 0.055 0.046 0.036 25 0.157 0.16 0.103 0.102 0.072 0.044

31.5 0.301 0.305 0.181 0.195 0.128 0.069 40 0.467 0.457 0.305 0.302 0.215 0.125 50 0.632 0.838 0.667 0.481 0.435 0.36 63 1.186 1.723 2.043 1.312 0.745 0.551 80 1.658 2.436 2.78 1.768 0.666 0.403

100 7.163 8.913 7.8 6.812 2.381 1.126 125 4.906 6.682 9.869 6.432 1.882 1.033 160 8.93 14.6 32.76 18.19 5.484 3.866 200 10.17 8.523 20.02 8.199 8.439 4.069 250 5.875 9.785 14.05 8.042 15.52 7.16 315 11.17 14.75 20.6 26.01 14.21 16.47 400 13.8 13.95 15.67 35.34 14.02 42.48 500 12.86 14.23 11.99 25.12 24.92 39.77 630 8.467 19.18 11.3 30.1 24.05 43.2 800 11.53 56.86 9.76 48.38 60.06 36.28

1000 8.919 58.94 5.133 32.95 32.86 23.93 1250 9.259 53.72 10.3 19.06 16.39 15.3 1600 19.59 25.25 19.07 11.09 9.792 13.39 2000 43.28 47.22 44.08 5.14 4.88 7.796 2500 55.36 60.9 36.98 3.536 4.266 5.735 ahw 2.1 3.1 4.4 3.5 2.3 2.7

av 5.8 5.0

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y-axis

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51

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Site ID: Tool ID: B

InsertedTool: 125 x 7 x 22,23 mm Abrasive




December 11, 2007

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Front - inner, top (EN60745) Rear - front (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.231 0.172 0.039 0.155 0.238 0.047 2 0.208 0.17 0.041 0.15 0.216 0.051

2.5 0.182 0.127 0.048 0.112 0.19 0.049 3.15 0.123 0.096 0.054 0.087 0.132 0.046

4 0.086 0.068 0.056 0.067 0.09 0.052 5 0.069 0.053 0.054 0.057 0.071 0.043

6.3 0.06 0.042 0.046 0.052 0.058 0.04 8 0.05 0.035 0.055 0.055 0.046 0.033

10 0.047 0.032 0.049 0.047 0.044 0.035 12.5 0.045 0.03 0.05 0.042 0.049 0.038

16 0.051 0.033 0.047 0.041 0.056 0.044 20 0.064 0.044 0.057 0.049 0.072 0.059 25 0.079 0.061 0.059 0.068 0.085 0.069

31.5 0.108 0.093 0.083 0.113 0.109 0.1 40 0.243 0.194 0.27 0.232 0.194 0.163 50 1.272 0.633 0.839 0.568 0.449 0.294 63 0.595 0.473 1.355 0.754 0.459 0.305 80 0.462 0.415 1.083 0.602 0.445 0.353

100 2.321 3.199 4.397 3.331 1.551 1.51 125 1.247 1.369 2.692 1.886 1.203 0.795 160 13.23 16.03 17.68 15.25 12.41 5.903 200 4.82 3.533 7.232 6.841 3.842 4.869 250 4.652 2.127 15.76 17.04 3.892 5.392 315 11.45 3.431 19.33 22.84 10.73 8.56 400 10.9 5.033 14.42 25.39 11.89 13.21 500 24.66 10.63 23.14 35.14 29.9 7.965 630 26.85 14.87 19.31 32.14 27.28 9.722 800 27.66 20.46 21.54 27.06 24.73 9.011

1000 24.07 16.71 22.94 35.17 24.59 12.64 1250 11.26 22.93 38.41 50.8 25.63 24.23 1600 24.4 59.25 80.12 35.98 20.96 126.8 2000 40.26 112.5 98.42 18.93 17.35 95.67 2500 36.83 100.7 64.07 11.14 8.703 23.17 ahw 2.1 1.9 2.8 3.0 2.0 1.2

av 4.0 3.8

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y-axis

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52

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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x-axis


1.6 0.091 0.08 0.05 0.076 0.086 0.049 2 0.104 0.069 0.041 0.069 0.098 0.036

2.5 0.088 0.089 0.051 0.086 0.085 0.047 3.15 0.076 0.089 0.057 0.094 0.061 0.04

4 0.072 0.057 0.058 0.063 0.059 0.044 5 0.062 0.046 0.076 0.058 0.054 0.047

6.3 0.051 0.037 0.085 0.056 0.044 0.043 8 0.04 0.03 0.072 0.046 0.034 0.034

10 0.044 0.036 0.06 0.037 0.033 0.035 12.5 0.044 0.037 0.052 0.038 0.034 0.03

16 0.051 0.045 0.048 0.048 0.043 0.039 20 0.062 0.061 0.042 0.063 0.053 0.045 25 0.094 0.1 0.044 0.11 0.081 0.074

31.5 0.124 0.134 0.053 0.135 0.103 0.088 40 0.244 0.266 0.126 0.245 0.182 0.157 50 0.328 0.288 0.269 0.469 0.338 0.244 63 0.51 0.498 0.698 0.574 0.429 0.341 80 0.801 0.807 1.265 0.83 0.691 0.536

100 1.985 1.821 6.71 4.487 2.441 2.071 125 1.224 1.088 2.228 1.642 1.598 1.28 160 9.557 8.829 13.23 15.52 10.11 4.184 200 3.583 2.6 5.607 6.153 3.537 5.102 250 5.618 3.025 12.36 15.03 5.604 6.44 315 10.88 5.042 16.36 26.78 9.69 9.508 400 10.36 7.87 15.91 25 13.47 14.3 500 28.91 12.3 22.06 33.46 32.2 8.543 630 30.27 15.11 14.75 27.73 25.12 8.148 800 27.65 18.06 23.25 22.86 21.2 8.822

1000 15.02 15.59 32.27 31.44 21.23 14.47 1250 10.94 23.41 49.3 33.52 17.87 29.9 1600 22.39 59.52 90.49 23.87 23.1 90.21 2000 30.92 94.7 67.73 8.188 8.988 44.61 2500 42.19 90.78 37.03 8.717 8.132 18.87 ahw 1.9 1.3 2.5 3.0 1.9 1.2

av 3.4 3.8

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53

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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x-axis


1.6 0.464 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.456 0.078 2 0.206 0.068 0.059 0.069 0.211 0.047

2.5 0.127 0.076 0.059 0.076 0.114 0.055 3.15 0.088 0.074 0.056 0.067 0.081 0.044

4 0.082 0.057 0.051 0.054 0.084 0.045 5 0.083 0.058 0.06 0.058 0.085 0.055

6.3 0.065 0.043 0.057 0.047 0.068 0.052 8 0.069 0.043 0.06 0.047 0.062 0.045

10 0.056 0.044 0.066 0.048 0.052 0.042 12.5 0.064 0.052 0.067 0.049 0.055 0.041

16 0.056 0.044 0.046 0.04 0.053 0.035 20 0.073 0.054 0.047 0.047 0.067 0.04 25 0.1 0.075 0.048 0.069 0.09 0.047

31.5 0.134 0.113 0.067 0.11 0.125 0.063 40 0.24 0.231 0.145 0.226 0.216 0.126 50 0.482 0.442 0.421 0.609 0.48 0.283 63 0.872 0.796 1.174 0.875 0.712 0.509 80 1.686 1.436 2.642 1.471 1.498 0.93

100 1.331 1.997 5.237 4.165 1.582 1.559 125 1.168 1.112 2.7 1.805 1.547 1.213 160 7.719 10.64 5.942 5.732 8.185 3.343 200 4.751 2.703 7.342 8.588 3.957 6.182 250 6.042 2.214 14.06 16.77 5.387 8.416 315 10.54 5.323 18.04 26.83 9.352 13.49 400 13.9 6.565 17.64 26.62 16.65 19 500 36.09 10.34 23.79 36.85 33.05 7.304 630 33.33 16.22 19.86 30.37 26.66 7.963 800 31.7 23.45 27.88 26.38 28.25 10.39

1000 17.95 20.54 39.84 35.42 26.56 18.04 1250 11.64 31.39 61.68 38.94 21.82 35.46 1600 23.14 67.82 64.56 18.86 19.81 93 2000 41.05 134 81.5 9.793 11.15 63.03 2500 48.73 111.2 47.45 11.14 9.831 22.19 ahw 2.0 1.5 2.4 2.8 1.9 1.5

av 3.5 3.7

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y-axis

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54

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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Acc

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x-axis


1.6 0.508 0.157 0.081 0.153 0.465 0.094 2 0.428 0.15 0.07 0.161 0.409 0.071

2.5 0.278 0.121 0.095 0.124 0.261 0.07 3.15 0.241 0.102 0.115 0.111 0.219 0.074

4 0.187 0.08 0.11 0.092 0.165 0.067 5 0.151 0.058 0.114 0.077 0.135 0.067

6.3 0.127 0.055 0.126 0.076 0.12 0.066 8 0.105 0.054 0.107 0.065 0.093 0.054

10 0.092 0.053 0.097 0.053 0.078 0.047 12.5 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.052 0.069 0.045

16 0.075 0.052 0.079 0.047 0.067 0.048 20 0.07 0.052 0.074 0.05 0.073 0.062 25 0.072 0.065 0.087 0.06 0.086 0.077

31.5 0.084 0.083 0.114 0.082 0.103 0.092 40 0.15 0.17 0.244 0.16 0.148 0.135 50 0.876 0.314 0.681 0.563 0.565 0.121 63 0.379 0.419 0.834 0.322 0.301 0.203 80 0.539 0.465 1.118 0.515 0.39 0.303

100 3.993 2.599 5.614 3.139 1.306 1.29 125 1.946 2.292 3.642 2.116 1.676 1.167 160 15.95 23.72 16.33 16.07 16.54 5.094 200 4.735 4.299 8.243 6.939 3.75 5.366 250 6.003 14.66 23.85 23.8 7.42 9.727 315 14.51 15.6 21.46 32.06 11.9 14.26 400 17.13 9.9 15.44 30.7 13.95 20.42 500 16.65 16.56 15.41 35.35 33 7.55 630 15.14 19.43 11.61 33.99 29.86 8.062 800 14.18 30.89 10.86 29.57 27.73 12.69

1000 14.89 45.48 13.48 41.27 29.04 24.82 1250 11.08 71.39 31.15 34.56 20.56 50.78 1600 15.82 73.04 64.3 31.98 45.39 182.5 2000 29.25 53.59 58.71 11.55 14.59 68.55 2500 19.62 38.27 41.69 15.28 13.61 25.45 ahw 2.2 3.1 2.9 3.5 2.4 1.6

av 4.8 4.6

y-axis

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y-axis

z-axis

55

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

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x-axis


1.6 0.127 0.089 0.071 0.089 0.116 0.054 2 0.107 0.093 0.063 0.092 0.11 0.048

2.5 0.111 0.093 0.08 0.085 0.1 0.042 3.15 0.117 0.093 0.103 0.088 0.092 0.052

4 0.099 0.06 0.119 0.071 0.087 0.059 5 0.093 0.059 0.121 0.056 0.076 0.068

6.3 0.103 0.066 0.13 0.045 0.061 0.055 8 0.109 0.073 0.104 0.035 0.06 0.046

10 0.101 0.068 0.089 0.038 0.062 0.044 12.5 0.098 0.065 0.094 0.038 0.071 0.05

16 0.102 0.061 0.096 0.04 0.08 0.049 20 0.097 0.06 0.088 0.05 0.089 0.046 25 0.103 0.064 0.087 0.078 0.102 0.052

31.5 0.139 0.112 0.119 0.176 0.151 0.099 40 0.287 0.272 0.292 0.462 0.301 0.254 50 1.526 1.085 0.76 0.961 0.733 0.596 63 0.84 0.887 1.303 1.046 0.847 0.723 80 2.068 2.585 4.184 2.621 2.61 2.036

100 2.258 1.68 9.512 4.965 2.203 2.314 125 1.736 1.572 3.242 1.53 1.269 1.264 160 16.06 17.9 14.16 12.4 9.372 5.576 200 6.942 5.474 10.5 7.969 3.439 6.545 250 9.042 14.11 27.5 21.41 6.122 7.406 315 13.21 14.18 21.66 27.19 11.7 9.711 400 17.29 12.44 18.5 29.61 16.31 15.02 500 21.24 15.68 14.54 36.9 34.94 7.444 630 14.17 17.42 9.092 31.62 28.42 9.263 800 15.16 34.02 8.98 28.28 24.45 11.34

1000 15.11 50.41 15.09 38.57 22.9 18.89 1250 10.07 68.87 30.19 29.12 13.73 33.02 1600 13.19 58.82 51.01 20.89 26 110.2 2000 23.66 38.84 49.43 8.256 10.83 48.99 2500 14.23 32.8 40.11 10.34 10.32 20.2 ahw 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.3 2.1 1.5

av 4.9 4.2

y-axis

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y-axis

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56

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

0.1

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0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

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x-axis


1.6 0.112 0.076 0.069 0.079 0.104 0.043 2 0.147 0.074 0.058 0.071 0.138 0.047

2.5 0.164 0.08 0.063 0.081 0.164 0.053 3.15 0.099 0.082 0.058 0.083 0.091 0.044

4 0.104 0.065 0.079 0.067 0.091 0.057 5 0.078 0.05 0.077 0.056 0.073 0.06

6.3 0.079 0.047 0.072 0.053 0.061 0.062 8 0.08 0.044 0.079 0.053 0.059 0.049

10 0.077 0.044 0.071 0.046 0.052 0.042 12.5 0.076 0.047 0.072 0.043 0.054 0.045

16 0.068 0.047 0.058 0.041 0.055 0.039 20 0.076 0.051 0.061 0.046 0.068 0.046 25 0.095 0.063 0.064 0.071 0.095 0.056

31.5 0.124 0.086 0.073 0.113 0.134 0.068 40 0.224 0.205 0.134 0.226 0.211 0.127 50 1.054 1.02 0.304 0.564 0.461 0.222 63 0.675 0.686 1.06 0.8 0.646 0.519 80 1.16 1.319 2.549 1.389 1.504 1.046

100 1.92 1.587 6.831 4.296 1.677 1.773 125 1.54 1.727 3.697 1.966 1.669 1.447 160 10.78 17.66 9.145 10.36 9.252 4.144 200 4.58 5.271 6.691 8.551 3.419 5.995 250 5.287 10.84 13.32 18.85 6.774 9.556 315 9.547 11.32 13.18 26.56 10.13 13.46 400 12.14 8.424 14.16 29.03 17.94 20.98 500 15.81 13.36 16.5 35.78 34.66 7.587 630 12.93 16.98 12.84 30.92 28.98 8.587 800 17.04 32.36 14.81 27.24 28.48 10.93

1000 14.41 43.57 19.25 36.62 28.27 17.76 1250 10.88 70.29 35.15 38.74 21.5 36.15 1600 14.5 64.12 66.47 21.6 23.65 114.4 2000 27.43 39.64 70.12 10.64 13.59 66.23 2500 20.78 34.72 39.68 11.06 10.65 22.09 ahw 1.7 2.5 2.2 3.0 2.1 1.6

av 3.7 4.0

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57

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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Acc

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x-axis


1.6 0.179 0.085 0.1 0.073 0.188 0.049 2 0.195 0.08 0.074 0.062 0.206 0.067

2.5 0.147 0.056 0.084 0.049 0.145 0.058 3.15 0.119 0.046 0.106 0.057 0.093 0.066

4 0.102 0.039 0.1 0.044 0.084 0.062 5 0.075 0.031 0.112 0.048 0.062 0.059

6.3 0.066 0.036 0.122 0.059 0.047 0.05 8 0.061 0.04 0.131 0.055 0.04 0.045

10 0.064 0.047 0.094 0.038 0.039 0.042 12.5 0.073 0.051 0.073 0.037 0.042 0.035

16 0.079 0.062 0.071 0.043 0.052 0.034 20 0.084 0.062 0.069 0.058 0.063 0.038 25 0.092 0.068 0.091 0.079 0.078 0.043

31.5 0.113 0.085 0.145 0.109 0.1 0.06 40 0.25 0.172 0.363 0.205 0.166 0.13 50 1.051 0.547 0.736 0.254 0.241 0.208 63 0.774 0.671 1.846 0.717 0.545 0.519 80 2.033 2.291 7.549 2.083 2.72 1.837

100 3.512 1.822 12.79 4.157 1.533 1.608 125 2.161 1.621 4.749 1.606 1.642 0.921 160 22.68 16.83 18.71 8.058 11.57 5.442 200 8.982 5.467 14.53 4.887 6.214 4.059 250 12.51 13.88 31.83 12.93 7.342 5.824 315 28.02 19.03 35.44 26.34 10.83 9.991 400 25.37 13.61 26.18 28.06 9.384 27.22 500 25.03 16.34 22.16 39.84 28.34 40.7 630 16.27 15.06 14.07 44.15 42.8 27.55 800 8.588 24.06 8.721 50.33 50.52 31.03

1000 7.73 35.81 3.613 24.38 53.63 34.16 1250 7.695 51.12 7.19 13.24 26.07 29.54 1600 25.52 43.73 28.22 10.43 7.388 19.14 2000 72.49 65.08 60.76 6.309 4.59 10.13 2500 75.8 61.9 49.9 4.034 3.711 4.542 ahw 3.3 2.6 4.6 3.0 2.5 2.2

av 6.2 4.5

y-axis

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y-axis

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58

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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Acc

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x-axis


1.6 0.084 0.059 0.054 0.052 0.081 0.029 2 0.093 0.088 0.07 0.069 0.079 0.039

2.5 0.106 0.084 0.074 0.064 0.073 0.043 3.15 0.09 0.073 0.091 0.057 0.067 0.05

4 0.076 0.048 0.098 0.048 0.054 0.053 5 0.055 0.031 0.118 0.054 0.041 0.056

6.3 0.057 0.03 0.104 0.047 0.035 0.049 8 0.06 0.036 0.111 0.049 0.037 0.043

10 0.064 0.042 0.108 0.056 0.034 0.047 12.5 0.061 0.041 0.095 0.049 0.032 0.041

16 0.069 0.048 0.083 0.05 0.042 0.039 20 0.084 0.052 0.092 0.059 0.059 0.047 25 0.099 0.07 0.099 0.09 0.093 0.062

31.5 0.185 0.156 0.183 0.187 0.182 0.11 40 0.312 0.318 0.479 0.332 0.275 0.198 50 0.819 0.723 0.898 0.439 0.495 0.326 63 0.788 0.911 2.19 0.761 1.027 0.683 80 2.935 4.119 9.668 2.753 5.321 2.987

100 4.359 2.574 13.47 4.833 2.672 2.158 125 2.888 1.958 5.069 2.543 2.358 1.236 160 32.71 20.18 24.37 8.833 15.83 6.84 200 15.28 6.673 20.65 7.68 9.221 5.263 250 20.54 20.48 49.66 19.73 13.18 10.19 315 31.03 23.55 43.98 45.13 20.33 42.33 400 29.05 16.2 31.51 47.52 26.75 78.74 500 28.57 17.33 26.67 37.87 35.95 76.02 630 14.18 16.44 13.57 47.32 41.89 43.01 800 9.605 31.67 9.685 67.64 54.31 33.23

1000 9.107 51.4 7.615 24.68 36.3 18.45 1250 10.21 88.86 10.35 16.13 12.87 16.39 1600 26.81 47.62 25.36 8.672 5.726 14.27 2000 76.03 59.54 54.59 6.573 5.519 7.846 2500 73.92 60.4 40.82 5.007 3.363 4.935 ahw 4.5 3.3 5.9 4.1 3.3 4.8

av 8.1 7.2

y-axis

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y-axis

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59

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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Acc

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n (m

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x-axis


1.6 0.215 0.067 0.14 0.103 0.197 0.064 2 0.138 0.091 0.12 0.103 0.115 0.05

2.5 0.134 0.087 0.134 0.089 0.099 0.062 3.15 0.126 0.073 0.14 0.089 0.083 0.069

4 0.135 0.057 0.128 0.079 0.074 0.069 5 0.115 0.047 0.117 0.081 0.063 0.08

6.3 0.124 0.044 0.118 0.077 0.067 0.072 8 0.128 0.047 0.115 0.078 0.075 0.069

10 0.118 0.05 0.116 0.064 0.068 0.064 12.5 0.149 0.066 0.108 0.066 0.081 0.069

16 0.198 0.093 0.09 0.064 0.099 0.067 20 0.233 0.102 0.085 0.069 0.121 0.075 25 0.241 0.114 0.093 0.09 0.153 0.099

31.5 0.294 0.164 0.149 0.14 0.21 0.143 40 0.435 0.285 0.301 0.269 0.34 0.229 50 0.824 0.611 0.679 0.504 0.581 0.422 63 1.338 0.988 1.811 1.025 1.143 0.841 80 4.463 3.499 7.682 2.924 5.082 3.418

100 3.121 2.572 12.18 6.604 2.656 2.242 125 1.597 1.717 4.48 2.736 2.583 1.284 160 13.24 9.726 11.92 7.277 11.3 4.96 200 7.148 4.534 12.07 9.24 11.05 4.307 250 11.38 10.09 22.72 15.39 16.12 8 315 20.39 15.1 26.55 40.38 16.89 31.91 400 24.44 13.17 23.51 35.74 20.19 61.76 500 26.26 15.52 18.16 31.84 30.21 53.91 630 15.63 16.32 10.48 36.16 37.66 30.01 800 9.695 29.74 8.299 39.73 52.26 25.33

1000 8.804 42.14 5.491 25.36 41.07 21.11 1250 8.723 55.5 6.572 13.43 14.99 15.24 1600 25.31 45.38 24.57 8.038 5.704 15.07 2000 75.39 56.01 53.75 7.617 5.882 8.073 2500 71.64 55.49 37.67 5.347 3.725 4.975 ahw 2.6 2.1 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.7

av 5.1 5.9

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

60

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B

InsertedTool: 125 x 22,23 mm Bluestar

Occupation: Scientist Process: Rail sanding



December 11, 2007

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0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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x-axis

Front - inner,top (EN60745) Rear - front (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.242 0.127 0.065 0.119 0.251 0.057 2 0.254 0.129 0.066 0.118 0.262 0.063

2.5 0.184 0.107 0.06 0.1 0.184 0.054 3.15 0.18 0.093 0.056 0.096 0.174 0.053

4 0.12 0.071 0.057 0.076 0.115 0.052 5 0.063 0.064 0.067 0.074 0.065 0.042

6.3 0.045 0.037 0.062 0.055 0.044 0.041 8 0.033 0.027 0.058 0.042 0.029 0.033

10 0.032 0.029 0.047 0.03 0.03 0.031 12.5 0.026 0.032 0.045 0.034 0.028 0.029

16 0.024 0.024 0.038 0.026 0.027 0.029 20 0.025 0.025 0.039 0.025 0.026 0.03 25 0.036 0.039 0.047 0.041 0.04 0.038

31.5 0.042 0.053 0.05 0.047 0.039 0.039 40 0.104 0.126 0.103 0.135 0.077 0.068 50 0.331 0.262 0.358 0.68 0.519 0.209 63 0.275 0.307 0.469 0.424 0.189 0.184 80 0.135 0.269 0.459 0.349 0.083 0.078

100 1.142 2.879 4.859 3.533 0.381 0.373 125 1.424 1.75 1.578 1.458 1.126 0.509 160 7.196 8.795 7.033 6.383 5.459 2.33 200 1.738 1.946 5.297 5.76 1.281 2.633 250 3.542 1.862 11 14.69 3.214 6.166 315 8.368 1.721 11.08 15.93 6.21 9.34 400 11.27 3.011 8.349 15.54 12.03 12.25 500 25.14 7.336 13.21 21.63 28.92 9.097 630 18.98 11.1 10.2 18.14 15.63 4.843 800 23.26 18.88 15.09 24.59 19.71 5.881

1000 14.74 14.16 24.16 27.81 20.22 11.47 1250 8.534 19.29 42.4 25.44 14.05 36.81 1600 15.09 32.68 60.25 18.63 20.44 89.14 2000 29.83 86.4 73.04 4.801 8.431 37.41 2500 28.95 63.77 42.91 9.965 8.494 18.33 ahw 1.5 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.0

av 2.5 2.6

y-axis

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y-axis

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

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x-axis


1.6 0.133 0.099 0.07 0.103 0.121 0.051 2 0.129 0.103 0.066 0.106 0.125 0.053

2.5 0.077 0.084 0.039 0.075 0.079 0.033 3.15 0.077 0.067 0.049 0.062 0.069 0.04

4 0.056 0.046 0.05 0.046 0.054 0.046 5 0.046 0.037 0.056 0.042 0.042 0.043

6.3 0.043 0.033 0.052 0.039 0.035 0.036 8 0.033 0.028 0.044 0.033 0.027 0.029

10 0.03 0.027 0.04 0.029 0.026 0.026 12.5 0.031 0.033 0.041 0.031 0.029 0.026

16 0.029 0.034 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.027 20 0.031 0.041 0.028 0.036 0.031 0.031 25 0.037 0.049 0.027 0.045 0.032 0.032

31.5 0.056 0.073 0.031 0.067 0.043 0.043 40 0.14 0.19 0.072 0.186 0.114 0.106 50 0.268 0.2 0.191 0.54 0.412 0.144 63 0.281 0.426 0.432 0.52 0.162 0.188 80 0.161 0.291 0.57 0.478 0.112 0.118

100 1.116 2.896 5.514 4.477 0.358 0.562 125 1.56 1.788 1.889 1.63 1.296 0.8 160 17.45 19.32 17.58 15.47 14.25 3.435 200 3.026 2.779 7.294 8.254 2.113 3.744 250 4.268 2.057 21.72 27.44 3.77 10.95 315 9.804 3.468 17.07 25.56 7.123 11.96 400 16.85 4.31 15.1 26.75 19.35 20.44 500 28.86 7.847 14.4 22.6 33.18 8.344 630 26.85 11.32 14.92 18.91 23 7.194 800 30.27 21.32 23.33 25.37 28.21 9.222

1000 17.96 17.57 36.18 37.5 24.79 20.03 1250 11.76 27.63 56.57 34.69 17.86 47.86 1600 18.98 37.7 66.18 17.39 23.94 93.64 2000 26.63 77.15 62.34 5.424 7.851 32.81 2500 36.89 75.84 31.69 9.46 8.305 20.18 ahw 2.4 2.1 2.9 3.3 2.2 1.5

av 4.3 4.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

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62

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December 11, 2007

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n (m

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x-axis


1.6 0.201 0.087 0.057 0.091 0.201 0.042 2 0.134 0.083 0.045 0.082 0.138 0.028

2.5 0.095 0.076 0.044 0.07 0.098 0.028 3.15 0.062 0.065 0.038 0.068 0.064 0.028

4 0.05 0.048 0.053 0.05 0.052 0.04 5 0.039 0.038 0.057 0.04 0.04 0.049

6.3 0.031 0.033 0.048 0.035 0.031 0.04 8 0.028 0.027 0.042 0.033 0.025 0.033

10 0.027 0.028 0.042 0.031 0.027 0.027 12.5 0.037 0.041 0.053 0.039 0.034 0.032

16 0.028 0.032 0.031 0.026 0.03 0.021 20 0.028 0.028 0.021 0.02 0.029 0.017 25 0.031 0.034 0.022 0.026 0.029 0.016

31.5 0.041 0.047 0.026 0.038 0.037 0.019 40 0.115 0.136 0.081 0.128 0.095 0.059 50 0.465 0.479 0.406 0.722 0.546 0.293 63 0.776 0.969 0.88 1.065 0.545 0.55 80 0.221 0.315 0.475 0.387 0.138 0.12

100 1.027 2.417 4.122 3.491 0.465 0.446 125 0.712 0.753 1.046 1.128 0.683 0.686 160 5.971 6.079 5.97 8.346 5.169 3.315 200 1.929 2.08 4.797 5.63 1.497 3.518 250 3.147 1.824 11.22 15.27 2.999 5.299 315 8.962 3.175 13.04 18.83 8.065 7.945 400 9.294 3.119 8.981 13.77 10.67 11.42 500 31.56 6.064 15.18 21.07 34.68 5.832 630 23 10.38 9.703 16.06 17.31 6.387 800 22.9 18 16.25 20.71 18.07 7.096

1000 14.2 14.15 27.73 26.63 17.93 14.28 1250 7.52 20.09 42.94 24.28 11.74 34.29 1600 14.86 32.91 57.24 16.3 21.58 92.24 2000 26.79 81.13 65.84 5.07 7.439 32.04 2500 37.44 78.19 32.98 10.21 7.727 18.81 ahw 1.5 1.0 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.0

av 2.5 2.8

y-axis

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y-axis

z-axis

63

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December 11, 2007

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x-axis

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.28 0.189 0.09 0.093 0.247 0.062 2 0.33 0.145 0.101 0.097 0.294 0.064

2.5 0.297 0.119 0.093 0.082 0.278 0.061 3.15 0.168 0.082 0.084 0.074 0.143 0.052

4 0.122 0.058 0.082 0.061 0.095 0.051 5 0.092 0.043 0.086 0.052 0.089 0.05

6.3 0.055 0.04 0.076 0.046 0.04 0.033 8 0.049 0.041 0.071 0.036 0.032 0.029

10 0.041 0.032 0.056 0.026 0.028 0.026 12.5 0.033 0.037 0.05 0.027 0.023 0.024

16 0.026 0.029 0.04 0.023 0.019 0.021 20 0.025 0.028 0.035 0.02 0.02 0.02 25 0.031 0.044 0.043 0.027 0.027 0.025

31.5 0.037 0.041 0.048 0.033 0.029 0.027 40 0.154 0.086 0.114 0.087 0.082 0.043 50 1.662 0.669 0.994 0.756 0.774 0.081 63 0.168 0.144 0.295 0.18 0.117 0.086 80 0.225 0.176 0.607 0.343 0.083 0.074

100 2.432 1.498 6.809 3.932 0.499 0.446 125 9.127 9.407 8.742 6.529 6.54 1.496 160 13.29 14.61 12.69 9.641 10.04 2.539 200 2.595 2.744 4.809 3.774 1.708 2.726 250 3.762 5.904 9.27 9.621 2.427 3.937 315 7.21 6.186 8.6 11.13 3.57 5.201 400 13.15 7.402 6.441 22.27 12.65 14.03 500 12.69 8.666 6.699 22.68 25.31 12.59 630 7.471 9.137 5.639 17.27 16.06 5.323 800 7.539 18.14 5.984 23.78 18.77 5.215

1000 6.536 24.24 7.127 23.93 16.36 6.457 1250 5.913 52.87 24.24 25.03 14.17 23.79 1600 6.873 56.37 42.92 15 15.68 79.58 2000 10.88 31.96 54.52 5.34 12.52 55.3 2500 10.06 20.48 39.35 10.51 7.259 18.68 ahw 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8 0.9

av 3.7 2.9

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

64

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

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x-axis

0.1

1

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.136 0.094 0.069 0.09 0.125 0.044 2 0.146 0.112 0.056 0.112 0.127 0.047

2.5 0.107 0.086 0.055 0.08 0.097 0.042 3.15 0.089 0.067 0.066 0.069 0.078 0.041

4 0.069 0.044 0.077 0.057 0.057 0.046 5 0.051 0.034 0.076 0.047 0.044 0.044

6.3 0.05 0.031 0.058 0.036 0.032 0.039 8 0.036 0.029 0.044 0.026 0.028 0.03

10 0.031 0.026 0.043 0.025 0.027 0.026 12.5 0.032 0.029 0.051 0.026 0.024 0.023

16 0.025 0.029 0.042 0.022 0.026 0.021 20 0.023 0.028 0.045 0.024 0.025 0.024 25 0.03 0.038 0.056 0.032 0.034 0.035

31.5 0.06 0.07 0.099 0.061 0.065 0.07 40 0.142 0.16 0.187 0.165 0.138 0.137 50 0.764 0.359 0.499 0.555 0.509 0.112 63 0.446 0.492 0.842 0.304 0.339 0.267 80 0.301 0.314 0.878 0.437 0.161 0.138

100 2.283 1.552 8.466 4.635 0.362 0.57 125 1.744 1.791 2.34 1.584 0.996 0.646 160 16.48 19.79 12.87 14.66 10.25 3.004 200 5.043 6.207 10.33 7.855 1.995 3.68 250 4.747 13.49 21.22 19.49 3.24 7.665 315 10.81 11.54 13.62 19.58 5.929 10.38 400 15.6 9.659 10.59 23.34 11.84 13.28 500 18.82 10.85 8.039 21.87 33.13 7.092 630 14.5 12.88 5.74 19.25 18.79 6.42 800 12.42 27.14 6.635 24.85 21.61 6.243

1000 11.24 38.39 12.13 30.35 19.52 12.74 1250 9.471 68.6 31.79 25.36 14.86 32.56 1600 8.034 65.38 53.08 15.77 19.22 88.29 2000 13.09 23.59 46.12 4.401 8.036 34.94 2500 9.949 22.12 33.7 8.345 6.426 14.51 ahw 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.8 1.7 1.1

av 4.3 3.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

65

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

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x-axis

0.1

1

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.308 0.105 0.069 0.114 0.302 0.094 2 0.496 0.192 0.104 0.211 0.477 0.144

2.5 0.317 0.16 0.074 0.16 0.279 0.092 3.15 0.089 0.079 0.046 0.075 0.08 0.042

4 0.081 0.072 0.067 0.068 0.064 0.04 5 0.068 0.045 0.076 0.049 0.056 0.048

6.3 0.056 0.041 0.066 0.051 0.042 0.044 8 0.052 0.036 0.066 0.039 0.027 0.036

10 0.049 0.034 0.056 0.03 0.025 0.031 12.5 0.052 0.039 0.055 0.027 0.03 0.033

16 0.034 0.03 0.037 0.025 0.026 0.024 20 0.03 0.028 0.034 0.022 0.025 0.02 25 0.036 0.033 0.041 0.032 0.033 0.023

31.5 0.046 0.04 0.051 0.046 0.05 0.031 40 0.103 0.087 0.077 0.119 0.108 0.057 50 0.839 0.425 0.41 0.59 0.59 0.065 63 0.167 0.155 0.218 0.181 0.154 0.117 80 0.188 0.193 0.603 0.377 0.065 0.079

100 1.634 1.588 6.693 4.245 0.239 0.512 125 1.506 1.508 1.426 1.083 0.956 0.466 160 14.06 14.32 7.788 8.514 8.999 2.572 200 3.18 4.652 5.279 5.356 1.805 3.315 250 3.36 9.498 9.046 14.72 3.488 6.864 315 7.554 8.129 8.686 16.62 5.802 8.038 400 8.995 6.673 7.491 16.68 11 11.03 500 16.39 11.5 10.27 24.75 34.72 8.311 630 11.15 10.71 6.27 16.23 19.84 7.143 800 7.502 20.79 6.552 18.81 19.63 5.836

1000 8.686 32.33 12.14 26.53 20.3 10.88 1250 7.791 50.81 25.96 23.62 15.01 30.01 1600 5.75 57.62 46.24 15.42 20.57 89.48 2000 11.74 20.94 46.53 4.625 8.03 36.4 2500 9.091 18.67 30.21 9.406 6.633 16.15 ahw 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.0

av 3.1 2.9

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

66

0


Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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x-axis

0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.575 0.179 0.22 0.12 0.569 0.079 2 0.459 0.126 0.208 0.101 0.419 0.068

2.5 0.301 0.164 0.252 0.125 0.271 0.085 3.15 0.219 0.096 0.186 0.098 0.196 0.076

4 0.175 0.072 0.199 0.08 0.126 0.074 5 0.093 0.053 0.18 0.075 0.074 0.062

6.3 0.074 0.045 0.164 0.069 0.051 0.069 8 0.068 0.044 0.154 0.072 0.037 0.056

10 0.059 0.044 0.119 0.048 0.033 0.046 12.5 0.054 0.038 0.085 0.041 0.029 0.044

16 0.043 0.036 0.064 0.036 0.027 0.036 20 0.041 0.035 0.054 0.037 0.03 0.038 25 0.05 0.053 0.079 0.056 0.038 0.042

31.5 0.066 0.077 0.121 0.071 0.047 0.046 40 0.179 0.186 0.332 0.168 0.081 0.074 50 0.89 0.546 0.768 0.358 0.213 0.148 63 0.56 0.638 1.399 0.719 0.377 0.224 80 0.308 0.196 1.118 0.38 0.145 0.13

100 2.641 1.144 11.39 2.493 0.65 0.529 125 2.653 2.25 3.617 1.801 1.101 0.78 160 22.16 19.4 29.1 12.32 7.011 4.778 200 6.453 5.852 15.06 5.473 4.029 3.365 250 10.73 14.02 27.85 14.21 8.351 8.641 315 23.04 12.2 18.98 17.4 8.385 15.66 400 29.66 10.53 10.33 20.69 9.684 33.65 500 22.58 11.94 9.881 26.38 27.75 38.54 630 10.36 12.93 7.475 33.76 32.73 35.72 800 7.958 21.46 6.72 60.42 39.13 38.01

1000 9.341 34.17 3.311 30.4 29.16 22.28 1250 7.542 47.15 8.667 11.97 9.082 13.69 1600 16.9 45.53 26.58 7.852 3.957 11.91 2000 38.33 35.65 53.37 4.079 2.741 5.34 2500 43.14 33.97 32.3 3.623 2.661 3.245 ahw 3.1 2.5 4.3 2.7 1.8 2.4

av 5.8 4.0

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

67

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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x-axis

0.1

1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.259 0.116 0.082 0.106 0.26 0.053 2 0.229 0.118 0.082 0.11 0.216 0.044

2.5 0.143 0.12 0.092 0.11 0.118 0.057 3.15 0.112 0.075 0.09 0.069 0.079 0.056

4 0.092 0.059 0.109 0.069 0.075 0.075 5 0.081 0.041 0.119 0.068 0.053 0.076

6.3 0.076 0.03 0.113 0.061 0.042 0.06 8 0.078 0.041 0.114 0.06 0.034 0.049

10 0.066 0.039 0.091 0.05 0.029 0.045 12.5 0.068 0.038 0.089 0.054 0.03 0.042

16 0.063 0.04 0.072 0.045 0.033 0.036 20 0.064 0.041 0.065 0.04 0.036 0.036 25 0.06 0.05 0.073 0.044 0.037 0.035

31.5 0.082 0.072 0.097 0.068 0.049 0.038 40 0.183 0.165 0.249 0.175 0.079 0.059 50 0.469 0.437 0.594 0.347 0.15 0.121 63 0.553 0.598 1.156 0.602 0.25 0.196 80 0.391 0.334 1.168 0.434 0.212 0.166

100 3.671 1.194 9.715 2.931 0.538 0.653 125 3.617 2.749 4.921 2.411 0.88 0.715 160 33.6 25.52 42.87 16.32 4.265 5.376 200 7.341 6.846 18.48 5.595 5.502 3.242 250 22.99 21.13 42.74 15.59 13.63 10.93 315 28.86 18.36 28.82 29.84 15.71 31.16 400 34.77 17.36 18.01 36.31 25.32 61.74 500 22.86 13.29 12.27 27.16 29.8 41.13 630 10.69 12.75 6.797 32.96 24.92 24.3 800 8.373 26.13 8.84 49.93 28.88 26.09

1000 7.328 46.96 6.219 23.53 29.19 19.15 1250 9.242 72.36 8.579 11.39 7.871 12.6 1600 24.47 51.64 27.03 5.421 3.462 10.58 2000 42.15 34.53 47.27 4.171 3.258 4.031 2500 40.49 33.14 27.9 3.247 2.173 3.879 ahw 4.4 3.4 5.8 3.3 2.1 3.4

av 8.0 5.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

68

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Site ID: Tool ID: B





December 11, 2007

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0.1

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Frequency (Hz)

Acc

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n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.129 0.079 0.118 0.071 0.12 0.034 2 0.156 0.093 0.113 0.082 0.128 0.039

2.5 0.174 0.079 0.125 0.075 0.141 0.041 3.15 0.108 0.055 0.115 0.06 0.075 0.045

4 0.083 0.048 0.098 0.062 0.042 0.056 5 0.061 0.034 0.094 0.058 0.038 0.062

6.3 0.063 0.028 0.091 0.053 0.032 0.054 8 0.057 0.03 0.089 0.048 0.03 0.059

10 0.055 0.029 0.082 0.046 0.022 0.042 12.5 0.058 0.033 0.074 0.041 0.024 0.035

16 0.044 0.03 0.05 0.029 0.02 0.025 20 0.05 0.03 0.036 0.022 0.02 0.021 25 0.062 0.045 0.038 0.026 0.027 0.025

31.5 0.076 0.055 0.045 0.034 0.03 0.028 40 0.164 0.131 0.143 0.11 0.066 0.045 50 0.685 0.548 0.375 0.259 0.119 0.089 63 0.442 0.379 0.628 0.447 0.159 0.109 80 0.324 0.25 1.048 0.369 0.189 0.145

100 2.772 1.332 11.2 3.213 0.413 0.871 125 2.831 2.152 2.432 1.59 1.038 0.614 160 20.91 16.28 15.22 7.796 6.88 4.036 200 4.952 4.243 10.94 3.608 4.544 2.09 250 14.36 13.63 26.27 8.736 13.02 7.389 315 20.58 12.04 16.16 16.14 13.66 20.91 400 24.26 13.26 13.28 26.35 16.16 43.56 500 21.83 12.49 13.12 25.97 23.48 49.84 630 11.61 11.74 5.961 27.39 21.28 20.01 800 8.233 22.39 7.478 43.03 31.22 27.41

1000 6.382 37.5 4.702 26.53 27 17.93 1250 6.509 44.24 6.448 9.57 8.295 11.76 1600 15.53 46.2 19.36 5.165 3.727 12.42 2000 36.62 32.06 40.21 3.965 3.514 5.227 2500 40.15 32.03 27.7 3.582 2.512 4.001 ahw 2.9 2.3 3.2 2.2 1.9 2.8

av 4.9 4.0

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

69

APPENDIX C – EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL DATA FOR MACHINE C

70


Tool reference: Tool C - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner

Mass: 6.9 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

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n (m

/s



a: 2.6 m/s2 z-axis 3.5 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.3 m/s2

K: 2.0 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.8 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 6.4 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

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25 50 100

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/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

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n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

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/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

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n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

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1600



2.4 m/s2

3.9 m/s2

4.3 m/s2

71


Tool reference: Tool C - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle mid

Mass: 6.9 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

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100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

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2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.2 m/s2 z-axis 3.3 m/s2

K: 2.6 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 4.0 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

total a: 6.2 m/s2

K: 2.9 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.3 m/s2

72


Tool reference: Tool C - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 1-3: front handle outer

Mass: 6.9 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 5.7 m/s2 z-axis 5.7 m/s2

K: 3.2 m/s2

y-axis a: 5.0 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 5.8 m/s2

K: 3.2 m/s2

total a: 9.8 m/s2

K: 2.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





5.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 4.3 m/s2

73


Tool reference: Tool C - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front

Mass: 6.9 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.4 m/s2 z-axis 3.3 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 5.2 m/s2


z-axis 100


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

a: 3.3 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2 10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

total a: 7.0 m/s2

K: 1.8 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:






3.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.2 m/s2

74


Tool reference: Tool C - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front

Mass: 6.9 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.6 m/s2 z-axis 3.1 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

y-axis a: 5.4 m/s2


z-axis 100


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

a: 3.3 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2 10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

total a: 7.3 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:






3.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.1 m/s2

75


Tool reference: Tool C - Low vibration handle PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle rear

Mass: 6.9 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 5.1 m/s2 z-axis 2.3 m/s2

K: 2.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 5.1 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

total a: 7.6 m/s2

K: 2.1 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 02/07/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.8 m/s2

76

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.176 0.096 0.102 0.108 0.197 0.175 2 0.181 0.092 0.13 0.093 0.192 0.15

2.5 0.206 0.09 0.146 0.108 0.194 0.143 3.15 0.145 0.083 0.161 0.104 0.139 0.154

4 0.134 0.066 0.171 0.105 0.104 0.132 5 0.125 0.059 0.219 0.121 0.106 0.137

6.3 0.165 0.081 0.279 0.183 0.121 0.129 8 0.179 0.095 0.272 0.158 0.108 0.12

10 0.145 0.08 0.18 0.085 0.093 0.095 12.5 0.153 0.085 0.18 0.08 0.112 0.123

16 0.155 0.1 0.151 0.083 0.147 0.172 20 0.176 0.131 0.165 0.083 0.212 0.25 25 0.188 0.144 0.209 0.1 0.254 0.327

31.5 0.217 0.136 0.242 0.146 0.277 0.373 40 0.472 0.153 0.306 0.209 0.355 0.48 50 0.806 0.695 1.176 0.296 0.392 0.512 63 0.846 0.274 0.698 0.567 0.611 0.826 80 5.46 2.223 4.512 8.219 7.628 5.803

100 13.1 7.982 10.06 16.57 16.56 12.61 125 1.681 2.042 1.846 2.402 1.447 1.488 160 2.205 4.253 4.507 2.989 2.506 3.52 200 6.605 13.29 12.18 5.094 4.328 6.076 250 5.118 8.776 7.891 2.637 4.136 3.323 315 6.101 15.47 12.42 3.032 5.052 4.546 400 11.24 41.9 28.44 8.407 10.27 13.27 500 5.571 18.73 11.91 1.519 4.82 4.353 630 4.717 18.66 7.406 3.226 2.562 5.207 800 5.908 25.23 6.955 5.275 4.981 20.6

1000 4.395 14.75 4.737 4.966 3.205 11.4 1250 2.729 6.887 1.248 3.122 1.542 4.733 1600 6.434 11.85 1.745 1.496 0.905 2.714 2000 9.958 6.098 4.49 0.982 1 2.005 2500 9.002 8.462 11.31 0.651 0.964 1.204 ahw 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.2 2.6

av 4.7 5.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

77

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.065 0.037 0.057 0.049 0.086 0.055 2 0.066 0.051 0.047 0.048 0.066 0.03

2.5 0.077 0.047 0.056 0.048 0.07 0.039 3.15 0.063 0.048 0.065 0.055 0.052 0.036

4 0.056 0.036 0.078 0.049 0.049 0.041 5 0.064 0.034 0.104 0.053 0.051 0.049

6.3 0.091 0.041 0.144 0.09 0.044 0.063 8 0.083 0.043 0.194 0.11 0.046 0.07

10 0.065 0.044 0.134 0.076 0.049 0.062 12.5 0.07 0.058 0.119 0.074 0.066 0.079

16 0.063 0.066 0.097 0.068 0.08 0.093 20 0.067 0.071 0.102 0.063 0.089 0.122 25 0.103 0.09 0.105 0.059 0.132 0.188

31.5 0.144 0.098 0.121 0.075 0.168 0.225 40 0.174 0.081 0.127 0.102 0.168 0.236 50 0.47 0.317 0.593 0.167 0.238 0.348 63 0.769 0.213 0.301 0.389 0.548 0.857 80 1.973 1.214 1.272 1.84 2.417 1.775

100 11.27 7.641 7.181 9.952 13.42 8.748 125 1.176 1.515 1.222 2.36 1.025 1.249 160 1.459 3.989 4.035 3.297 2.436 2.994 200 7.456 20.51 19.11 9.344 8.387 10.61 250 3.52 6.648 5.303 1.781 3.466 2.2 315 7.348 14.85 10.43 2.85 5.269 3.921 400 15.14 39 18.06 10.27 11.94 14.93 500 4.203 21.72 10.28 1.528 4.616 4.229 630 6.834 27.01 9.527 3.865 3.403 6.419 800 5.158 29.62 5.627 3.542 6.847 15.47

1000 3.642 14.17 3.818 5.54 4.917 9.003 1250 2.906 7.211 1.397 5.741 2.493 6.686 1600 7.097 14.96 2.217 2.186 0.954 3.221 2000 9.571 5.165 5.36 0.779 0.675 2.281 2500 7.02 5.947 11.4 0.495 0.629 0.989 ahw 2.1 3.0 2.3 1.9 2.4 1.9

av 4.3 3.6

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

78

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.093 0.089 0.042 0.061 0.219 0.047 2 0.139 0.096 0.043 0.068 0.268 0.055

2.5 0.098 0.079 0.051 0.067 0.165 0.043 3.15 0.086 0.07 0.076 0.07 0.129 0.048

4 0.076 0.056 0.079 0.077 0.125 0.072 5 0.089 0.044 0.099 0.079 0.109 0.075

6.3 0.093 0.045 0.127 0.09 0.087 0.064 8 0.083 0.04 0.161 0.101 0.063 0.059

10 0.075 0.04 0.174 0.096 0.057 0.063 12.5 0.081 0.049 0.155 0.088 0.055 0.053

16 0.067 0.043 0.094 0.055 0.054 0.051 20 0.067 0.06 0.081 0.047 0.071 0.063 25 0.078 0.061 0.107 0.052 0.094 0.097

31.5 0.122 0.064 0.134 0.068 0.115 0.134 40 0.192 0.119 0.185 0.112 0.143 0.208 50 0.582 0.989 1.293 0.732 0.659 1.628 63 0.612 0.229 0.326 0.417 0.301 0.694 80 1.678 1.128 1.037 1.584 1.035 1.793

100 10.69 8.147 7.419 8.74 7.505 12.7 125 1.454 1.721 1.61 1.559 1.137 1.61 160 1.085 3.181 3.256 2.155 2.423 3.183 200 5.458 16.42 15.14 7.078 8.276 7.868 250 4.568 5.274 4.706 1.444 2.987 1.882 315 10.46 11.85 8.957 2.198 4.085 3.103 400 13.07 31.2 13.09 5.416 7.066 8.169 500 5.213 18.59 9.67 1.55 4.081 3.975 630 5.735 23.87 7.722 3.873 2.691 5.529 800 4.528 26.08 5.39 3.988 4.794 13.34

1000 3.832 15.21 4.069 6.009 5.437 10.24 1250 3.104 7.531 1.051 4.692 2.334 5.353 1600 5.474 5.586 1.472 1.729 0.677 2.764 2000 7.726 5.13 3.457 0.653 0.52 1.873 2500 7.417 8.446 8.994 0.564 0.519 0.948 ahw 2.0 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.5 2.3

av 3.9 3.2

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

79

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.478 0.116 0.114 0.119 1.275 0.106 2 0.938 0.208 0.195 0.2 2.019 0.176

2.5 0.582 0.137 0.206 0.17 0.955 0.178 3.15 0.188 0.099 0.169 0.129 0.339 0.109

4 0.157 0.09 0.19 0.124 0.333 0.132 5 0.111 0.061 0.225 0.137 0.249 0.135

6.3 0.114 0.069 0.27 0.189 0.19 0.117 8 0.116 0.088 0.241 0.172 0.13 0.102

10 0.107 0.083 0.184 0.112 0.104 0.092 12.5 0.109 0.09 0.158 0.093 0.104 0.106

16 0.122 0.105 0.129 0.089 0.133 0.143 20 0.14 0.114 0.134 0.09 0.193 0.236 25 0.162 0.126 0.175 0.093 0.276 0.36

31.5 0.184 0.12 0.172 0.089 0.273 0.338 40 0.27 0.149 0.233 0.131 0.282 0.349 50 0.474 1.02 0.956 0.196 0.348 0.448 63 0.966 0.386 0.711 0.51 0.737 0.914 80 12.39 6.392 6.724 6.242 9.624 4.414

100 12.57 7.319 8.53 7.105 7.04 3.935 125 1.743 1.884 1.812 2.121 1.405 1.381 160 1.744 4.93 4.375 4.027 4.054 5.162 200 4.133 11.38 6.721 4.049 4.113 4.362 250 3.316 9.141 3.85 2.378 4.228 3.322 315 5.693 22.2 2.681 4.621 7.506 6.566 400 7.176 30.22 3.703 5.547 7.915 8.133 500 1.569 18.74 3.475 1.617 4.479 4.011 630 2.969 24.96 4.659 4.118 3.718 7.992 800 4.903 31.37 6.205 4.546 9.757 23.15

1000 3.466 15.37 7.36 6.017 7.436 12.32 1250 1.817 6.375 2.323 5.621 3.687 6.852 1600 3.092 11.67 5.554 2.264 0.906 3.056 2000 12.61 13.15 9.66 0.945 0.967 2.331 2500 9.494 9.166 15.8 0.73 0.869 1.396 ahw 3.3 2.9 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.6

av 4.9 3.4

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

80

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.227 0.243 0.049 0.121 0.207 0.108 2 0.097 0.081 0.036 0.053 0.159 0.045

2.5 0.098 0.057 0.045 0.058 0.073 0.043 3.15 0.079 0.046 0.052 0.064 0.062 0.044

4 0.093 0.059 0.082 0.078 0.07 0.047 5 0.081 0.042 0.094 0.07 0.061 0.053

6.3 0.085 0.045 0.153 0.09 0.055 0.062 8 0.077 0.048 0.18 0.099 0.066 0.065

10 0.072 0.053 0.124 0.073 0.06 0.07 12.5 0.071 0.062 0.111 0.079 0.072 0.077

16 0.07 0.074 0.106 0.088 0.089 0.104 20 0.098 0.089 0.135 0.106 0.13 0.173 25 0.16 0.106 0.152 0.086 0.194 0.255

31.5 0.152 0.098 0.178 0.09 0.213 0.301 40 0.149 0.105 0.248 0.153 0.285 0.435 50 0.572 0.218 0.576 0.317 0.547 0.851 63 0.554 0.345 0.45 0.429 0.645 0.849 80 3.284 2.526 3.254 2.28 3.124 2.45

100 22.9 18.63 23.78 16.03 23.3 18.03 125 2.255 1.689 2.152 2.089 1.67 1.714 160 1.405 2.562 2.366 2.214 2.019 2.526 200 6.404 15.84 10.79 6.741 5.357 7.781 250 2.527 5.229 2.243 1.323 3.796 1.681 315 4.813 10.64 2.445 2.209 5.701 2.743 400 8.011 33.75 2.638 5.557 6.691 8.009 500 1.175 17.8 3.225 1.165 3.626 3.003 630 1.574 20.33 3.522 3.201 2.553 4.832 800 2.064 23.92 4.324 2.664 5.014 11.53

1000 1.671 12.04 5.297 4.29 4.079 7.541 1250 1.049 4.615 1.455 3.283 2.165 4.678 1600 2.161 11.61 4.671 1.545 0.629 2.287 2000 8.455 9.576 7.189 0.514 0.465 1.622 2500 8.417 5.916 12.31 0.394 0.538 0.857 ahw 3.8 3.7 4.0 2.7 3.9 3.1

av 6.7 5.6

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

81

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.11 0.082 0.036 0.057 0.184 0.047 2 0.118 0.102 0.029 0.07 0.208 0.049

2.5 0.121 0.08 0.054 0.074 0.204 0.055 3.15 0.095 0.068 0.071 0.079 0.166 0.071

4 0.1 0.066 0.096 0.086 0.151 0.073 5 0.115 0.059 0.119 0.095 0.109 0.076

6.3 0.097 0.046 0.128 0.097 0.095 0.071 8 0.075 0.043 0.211 0.132 0.081 0.085

10 0.074 0.043 0.17 0.103 0.082 0.084 12.5 0.09 0.056 0.143 0.096 0.105 0.095

16 0.104 0.087 0.105 0.083 0.13 0.111 20 0.129 0.116 0.097 0.075 0.18 0.151 25 0.143 0.125 0.126 0.089 0.238 0.228

31.5 0.186 0.127 0.17 0.115 0.258 0.282 40 0.284 0.153 0.229 0.173 0.26 0.335 50 0.686 0.538 0.969 0.662 0.79 1.341 63 0.588 0.258 0.268 0.497 0.517 0.837 80 4.133 2.514 2.533 4.258 5.248 3.657

100 17.44 11.38 11.79 18.02 23.89 16.14 125 0.977 1.169 0.965 1.432 1.477 1.456 160 1.25 3.273 2.518 2.107 2.67 3.699 200 5.317 14.77 9.039 5.655 8.276 8.91 250 2.245 5.269 1.88 1.692 2.642 2.006 315 4.051 11.62 2.487 2.619 3.344 2.766 400 12.63 31.19 2.974 6.462 9.643 10.7 500 1.787 14.41 3.538 1.339 3.687 3.6 630 1.916 21.03 3.815 3.543 2.471 5.284 800 2.247 20.15 4.332 3.541 5.15 14.01

1000 2.032 11.71 5.65 4.769 4.528 7.872 1250 1.275 3.873 1.798 4.435 2.557 5.375 1600 2.301 9.412 4.004 1.832 0.671 2.527 2000 9.577 11.7 7.01 0.684 0.507 1.985 2500 7.813 6.789 9.194 0.462 0.443 0.908 ahw 3.0 2.8 2.2 3.1 4.1 2.9

av 4.7 5.9

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

82

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.283 0.155 0.213 0.115 0.284 0.148 2 0.225 0.167 0.175 0.149 0.225 0.132

2.5 0.259 0.136 0.183 0.179 0.254 0.184 3.15 0.152 0.11 0.18 0.217 0.138 0.187

4 0.158 0.12 0.14 0.232 0.139 0.209 5 0.164 0.097 0.193 0.234 0.158 0.181

6.3 0.16 0.085 0.231 0.201 0.146 0.156 8 0.157 0.072 0.19 0.186 0.124 0.145

10 0.138 0.069 0.139 0.166 0.11 0.155 12.5 0.132 0.086 0.127 0.164 0.117 0.175

16 0.123 0.106 0.093 0.18 0.146 0.232 20 0.123 0.133 0.089 0.2 0.206 0.372 25 0.139 0.142 0.098 0.21 0.273 0.533

31.5 0.159 0.127 0.135 0.282 0.332 0.658 40 0.364 0.157 0.26 0.493 0.469 0.74 50 0.764 0.597 0.373 0.53 0.452 0.906 63 0.87 1.131 0.633 1.194 1.378 2.221 80 11.55 19.62 7.006 18.94 22.48 16.72

100 5.007 8.258 5.152 28.08 7.76 4.211 125 0.773 1.295 0.985 6.426 1.691 1.274 160 2.243 1.746 3.914 4.713 4.02 3.294 200 4.045 1.522 13.96 5.286 4.463 1.981 250 5.474 3.403 12.71 3.382 4.171 1.504 315 11.05 17.64 35.93 4.916 6.935 2.761 400 12.59 42.12 97.05 6.561 8.84 3.306 500 12.33 23 46.73 4.109 6.725 2.087 630 13.73 25.84 20.59 3.729 6.451 1.951 800 15.54 22.95 24.97 5.907 18.18 6.895

1000 15.56 12.85 23.67 5.349 6.802 4.024 1250 7.552 4.482 4.783 2.611 2.073 2.727 1600 13.15 4.756 8.28 1.518 0.477 1.231 2000 20.41 12.94 12.98 1.039 0.476 1.357 2500 20.86 24.27 11.2 0.598 0.849 0.72 ahw 2.8 4.7 5.1 6.0 4.8 3.6

av 7.5 8.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

83

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.125 0.078 0.115 0.052 0.312 0.075 2 0.089 0.085 0.082 0.074 0.168 0.092

2.5 0.088 0.086 0.057 0.089 0.092 0.081 3.15 0.078 0.071 0.053 0.088 0.081 0.053

4 0.071 0.061 0.059 0.083 0.066 0.047 5 0.08 0.06 0.085 0.112 0.072 0.062

6.3 0.083 0.071 0.118 0.15 0.071 0.074 8 0.094 0.067 0.098 0.115 0.081 0.096

10 0.09 0.063 0.075 0.095 0.085 0.102 12.5 0.096 0.077 0.076 0.103 0.104 0.136

16 0.092 0.097 0.063 0.107 0.13 0.212 20 0.116 0.126 0.059 0.132 0.168 0.322 25 0.153 0.142 0.093 0.176 0.224 0.405

31.5 0.144 0.134 0.118 0.227 0.275 0.496 40 0.149 0.104 0.147 0.298 0.26 0.488 50 0.549 0.334 0.352 0.482 0.384 0.797 63 0.651 0.682 0.473 0.76 0.876 1.735 80 3.81 7.275 3.796 4.221 7.858 6.037

100 15.26 29.91 15.91 21.26 32.66 23.31 125 0.798 1.449 0.94 3.186 1.614 1.228 160 1.364 0.884 2.482 2.366 2.546 1.502 200 4.593 2.326 14.08 6.175 5.715 3 250 5.333 2.975 8.198 1.767 4.202 1.905 315 8.885 6.967 17 2.409 5.117 2.444 400 20.24 17.51 49.8 3.493 14.85 5.336 500 10.13 17.3 32.28 3.929 4.975 2.193 630 11.73 22.55 12.78 3.113 3.16 1.316 800 8.505 16.52 15.34 2.64 8.775 4.634

1000 10.35 9.949 14.77 3.101 4.06 2.148 1250 5.07 3.499 3.39 1.873 1.519 2.267 1600 11.6 4.429 6.139 1.208 0.34 0.978 2000 16.64 8.801 10.11 0.871 0.334 1.09 2500 16.13 17.79 8.566 0.525 0.613 0.654 ahw 2.8 5.2 3.8 3.6 5.6 4.0

av 7.0 7.8

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

84

0


Site ID: Tool ID: C





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.336 0.206 0.074 0.174 0.379 0.222 2 0.315 0.18 0.086 0.17 0.285 0.185

2.5 0.241 0.153 0.122 0.167 0.244 0.179 3.15 0.17 0.127 0.115 0.216 0.172 0.149

4 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.27 0.159 0.17 5 0.157 0.121 0.154 0.26 0.156 0.149

6.3 0.143 0.123 0.191 0.254 0.142 0.139 8 0.132 0.111 0.176 0.214 0.13 0.171

10 0.129 0.091 0.139 0.198 0.115 0.181 12.5 0.133 0.115 0.127 0.21 0.133 0.232

16 0.146 0.141 0.093 0.19 0.187 0.317 20 0.154 0.207 0.11 0.277 0.303 0.538 25 0.21 0.308 0.13 0.389 0.48 0.881

31.5 0.247 0.27 0.122 0.413 0.481 0.919 40 0.246 0.196 0.164 0.381 0.395 0.792 50 0.798 0.551 0.49 0.72 0.49 1.076 63 1.283 1.268 0.637 1.454 0.938 2.143 80 12.44 16.63 3.527 10.63 10.08 10.68

100 6.385 8.455 5.035 21.78 5 5.499 125 0.856 1.016 0.902 4.353 1.348 1.334 160 2.999 1.939 5.628 6.546 4.282 3.283 200 3.134 1.655 17.38 7.976 5.458 1.953 250 5.07 3.741 10.8 2.631 3.024 1.435 315 15.64 27.06 54.91 6.633 8.605 3.686 400 13.68 24.43 57.5 5.095 6.986 3.141 500 10.51 16.62 30.22 3.428 4.759 1.277 630 22.21 32.1 23.26 4.804 8.322 2.663 800 14.7 20.73 23.12 5.34 14.5 7.833

1000 14.38 10.7 20.23 4.286 6.024 3.738 1250 6.994 4.058 4.533 2.704 1.954 2.478 1600 12.69 4.777 7.799 1.902 0.472 1.369 2000 23.86 12.19 13.93 1.305 0.51 1.803 2500 17.15 18.97 8.437 0.631 0.713 0.815 ahw 3.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 2.5 2.7

av 6.7 5.6

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

85

APPENDIX D – EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL DATA FOR MACHINE D

86

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400


Subject 1Tool reference: Tool D

PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner 100


0.001




a: 2.3 m/s2 z-axis 2.1 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.5 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.1 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

total a: 4.7 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 08/10/2007








2.2 m/s2

3.6 m/s2

2.0 m/s2


Feed force 60 N

Mass: 7.5 kg

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

1

0.1

0.01

10

87

800

1600


Tool reference: Tool D PULSE channels 1-3: front handle mid, underneath

Mass: 7.5 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.7 m/s2 z-axis 2.6 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.6 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.7 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

total a: 5.9 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 10/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.2 m/s2

88


Tool reference: Tool D PULSE channels 1-3: front handle outer, underneath

Mass: 7.5 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 7.1 m/s2 z-axis 6.8 m/s2

K: 2.6 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.9 m/s2

K: 2.0 m/s2

z-axis a: 8.5 m/s2

K: 4.4 m/s2

total a: 12.2 m/s2

K: 4.5 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 10/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600



7.5 m/s2

5.4 m/s2

11.2 m/s2

89

6.3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

)





0.001




a: 4.4 m/s2 z-axis 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

total a: 6.5 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 08/10/2007








4.4 m/s2

3.8 m/s2

3.0 m/s2


Feed force 60 N

Mass: 7.5 kg

1.6

3.15

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

1

0.1

0.01

10

90

800

1600



PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle front 100Mass: 7.5 kg

Feed force 60 N


rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

10

1

0.1

0.01


0.001

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600




a: 4.4 m/s2 z-axis 3.3 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 6.4 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 10/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.1 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.6 m/s2

91


Tool reference: Tool D PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle rear

Mass: 7.5 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.0 m/s2 z-axis 6.6 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

y-axis a: 4.6 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 6.0 m/s2

K: 2.9 m/s2

total a: 8.2 m/s2

K: 2.4 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 10/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 4.6 m/s2

92

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.167 0.159 0.074 0.086 0.16 0.088 2 0.167 0.134 0.089 0.119 0.171 0.117

2.5 0.134 0.12 0.106 0.104 0.132 0.112 3.15 0.128 0.108 0.138 0.108 0.118 0.128

4 0.115 0.097 0.126 0.107 0.09 0.159 5 0.133 0.076 0.155 0.145 0.131 0.12

6.3 0.121 0.063 0.167 0.165 0.105 0.11 8 0.108 0.056 0.128 0.124 0.089 0.078

10 0.081 0.051 0.088 0.075 0.062 0.064 12.5 0.073 0.051 0.082 0.067 0.056 0.065

16 0.07 0.059 0.067 0.06 0.063 0.073 20 0.07 0.058 0.062 0.064 0.073 0.096 25 0.099 0.07 0.094 0.087 0.111 0.148

31.5 0.149 0.1 0.147 0.131 0.18 0.217 40 0.147 0.108 0.156 0.111 0.226 0.269 50 0.812 1.085 0.723 1.016 0.723 0.954 63 8.339 11.03 6.476 10.69 6.737 8.239 80 1.365 1.762 1.095 1.733 1.267 1.436

100 0.717 0.833 1.501 1.064 0.608 0.612 125 1.232 1.397 2.238 1.604 1.951 2.864 160 1.026 0.797 3.057 5.004 0.98 0.99 200 3.631 2.965 8.843 14.27 2.722 3.101 250 3.857 4.685 8.554 15.14 6.075 10.59 315 7.33 6.544 10 6.582 8.853 13.1 400 4.538 9.408 12.63 5.659 10.02 28.07 500 5.282 15.65 20.81 8.873 19.84 42.94 630 26.43 44.91 44.19 24.46 24.56 63.11 800 25.96 34.02 38.58 19.21 24.17 42.83

1000 22.37 28.2 23.16 7.346 8.962 12.22 1250 30.18 38.32 21.01 8.261 8.61 13.55 1600 18.87 55.71 28.37 13.51 5.702 16.12 2000 15.18 53.26 27.17 8.585 1.779 10.74 2500 13.79 45.66 27.35 2.67 2.533 3.901 ahw 2.4 3.3 2.6 3.3 2.2 3.5

av 4.8 5.3

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

93

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.077 0.102 0.041 0.062 0.111 0.149 2 0.095 0.115 0.047 0.057 0.122 0.137

2.5 0.07 0.098 0.045 0.051 0.1 0.08 3.15 0.07 0.082 0.056 0.055 0.094 0.055

4 0.076 0.088 0.074 0.068 0.084 0.054 5 0.078 0.067 0.092 0.077 0.084 0.062

6.3 0.077 0.067 0.123 0.099 0.072 0.069 8 0.067 0.058 0.095 0.079 0.057 0.058

10 0.074 0.069 0.074 0.069 0.07 0.055 12.5 0.085 0.086 0.065 0.083 0.101 0.08

16 0.095 0.101 0.058 0.102 0.122 0.123 20 0.11 0.107 0.057 0.097 0.12 0.148 25 0.177 0.157 0.101 0.119 0.194 0.242

31.5 0.151 0.151 0.122 0.115 0.243 0.34 40 0.147 0.154 0.191 0.14 0.3 0.516 50 0.317 0.293 0.329 0.174 0.508 0.87 63 4.377 4.54 4.718 2.654 6.47 10.92 80 6.282 6.721 6.506 3.856 9.338 15.84

100 0.856 0.842 1.303 0.73 0.769 0.882 125 0.967 0.995 3.187 3.12 1.053 1.417 160 1.886 1.562 6.179 7.025 1.541 1.966 200 2.352 2.393 5.981 12.93 3.112 4.002 250 1.45 2.55 3.798 8.083 4.528 4.844 315 3.285 4.127 5.013 8.107 6.417 8.655 400 3.171 4.853 5.001 5.697 5.764 13.13 500 3.008 9.39 9.482 6.171 11.71 26.74 630 11.77 23.82 18.12 10.54 12.82 26.04 800 16.8 23.88 21.61 8.472 11.44 16.33

1000 22.16 31.45 21.18 6.739 6.346 10.67 1250 23.69 49.7 20.87 8.39 6.55 9.848 1600 16.83 58.25 24.5 10.85 4.922 13.28 2000 10.8 38.4 16.09 4.501 1.186 6.465 2500 7.457 14.25 8.739 1.613 1.336 2.092 ahw 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.7 4.5

av 3.6 5.6

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

94

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.18 0.118 0.046 0.071 0.106 0.2 2 0.185 0.11 0.045 0.07 0.084 0.118

2.5 0.205 0.09 0.043 0.064 0.07 0.075 3.15 0.15 0.094 0.064 0.085 0.079 0.09

4 0.148 0.07 0.074 0.089 0.072 0.1 5 0.155 0.062 0.086 0.095 0.068 0.087

6.3 0.155 0.062 0.105 0.105 0.061 0.068 8 0.138 0.048 0.119 0.102 0.058 0.069

10 0.131 0.042 0.115 0.101 0.066 0.071 12.5 0.102 0.066 0.123 0.107 0.074 0.072

16 0.108 0.079 0.086 0.093 0.094 0.091 20 0.113 0.115 0.083 0.086 0.12 0.113 25 0.144 0.159 0.11 0.087 0.183 0.175

31.5 0.185 0.187 0.145 0.086 0.279 0.284 40 0.176 0.182 0.158 0.086 0.296 0.296 50 0.348 0.328 0.291 0.227 0.308 0.479 63 5.729 6.979 4.328 5.346 2.413 5.912 80 4.855 5.831 3.167 4.814 2.708 4.261

100 0.652 0.738 1.183 0.685 0.561 0.587 125 1.266 1.237 2.051 1.73 1.239 1.916 160 2.117 1.87 4.614 5.226 1.38 2.184 200 2.74 2.994 6.392 11.08 2.247 4.073 250 1.819 3.59 3.635 13.37 8.078 8.107 315 3.633 5.272 6.312 9.94 9.099 11.4 400 4.179 7.748 8.658 6.22 11.13 18.17 500 5.347 14.39 15.28 5.232 14.72 31.6 630 20.12 31.09 34.67 16.56 16.56 38.81 800 23.15 25.01 32.63 13.73 18.4 30.85

1000 23.25 32.59 22 9.91 9.077 10.54 1250 21.7 52.04 21.7 7.728 7.075 11.61 1600 17.99 64.61 27.72 10.4 5.38 13.26 2000 9.225 33.42 17.92 5.789 1.258 7.813 2500 8.797 19.02 12.81 1.797 1.434 2.583 ahw 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.4 2.6

av 3.8 3.8

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

95

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.298 0.485 0.169 0.093 0.332 0.118 2 0.186 0.263 0.191 0.093 0.202 0.1

2.5 0.172 0.309 0.185 0.107 0.155 0.118 3.15 0.137 0.214 0.174 0.1 0.101 0.13

4 0.132 0.177 0.182 0.129 0.097 0.14 5 0.117 0.112 0.212 0.139 0.111 0.142

6.3 0.118 0.093 0.224 0.173 0.097 0.139 8 0.102 0.095 0.171 0.127 0.082 0.113

10 0.09 0.093 0.129 0.083 0.07 0.096 12.5 0.101 0.099 0.114 0.085 0.089 0.123

16 0.107 0.118 0.108 0.093 0.115 0.162 20 0.113 0.125 0.123 0.098 0.139 0.22 25 0.158 0.153 0.191 0.124 0.187 0.289

31.5 0.281 0.222 0.296 0.156 0.301 0.413 40 0.348 0.216 0.318 0.11 0.381 0.505 50 1.317 0.703 0.844 0.833 0.8 1.446 63 18.54 8.788 9.695 12.46 6.884 15.64 80 4.667 3.305 5.549 2.706 1.942 3.062

100 0.764 1.579 1.523 0.87 0.706 0.701 125 1.337 3.436 1.977 2.759 1.899 2.849 160 1.157 3.429 1.813 5.341 0.98 1.042 200 2.859 8.095 3.519 15 2.65 3.819 250 2.056 5.631 2.503 14.96 8.165 14.36 315 2.987 8.866 2.822 6.654 6.78 17.3 400 3.016 8.347 1.969 6.905 8.628 22.38 500 2.262 18.68 4.289 5.837 16.61 38.54 630 5.5 72.13 13.24 20.72 20.5 50.06 800 8.733 53.79 13.86 18.47 24.3 40.75

1000 13.14 32.26 9.42 6.037 9.335 12.53 1250 17.84 30.6 16.6 6.585 6.411 9.599 1600 13.48 26.2 52.06 11.49 5.088 12.35 2000 12.98 10.88 46.91 7.957 2.58 9.232 2500 23.52 21.15 42.5 2.177 2.264 3.147 ahw 4.9 3.4 2.9 3.7 2.2 4.8

av 6.6 6.5

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

96

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.102 0.242 0.184 0.077 0.119 0.14 2 0.11 0.14 0.134 0.057 0.103 0.113

2.5 0.073 0.131 0.084 0.057 0.067 0.073 3.15 0.056 0.099 0.07 0.053 0.063 0.064

4 0.07 0.089 0.098 0.06 0.059 0.055 5 0.068 0.06 0.115 0.072 0.049 0.057

6.3 0.083 0.076 0.19 0.087 0.069 0.087 8 0.073 0.067 0.17 0.082 0.062 0.082

10 0.062 0.063 0.101 0.061 0.059 0.061 12.5 0.071 0.082 0.108 0.084 0.081 0.087

16 0.081 0.105 0.112 0.094 0.096 0.131 20 0.091 0.095 0.128 0.098 0.109 0.162 25 0.147 0.098 0.16 0.078 0.173 0.225

31.5 0.164 0.091 0.153 0.057 0.225 0.317 40 0.14 0.09 0.224 0.081 0.238 0.41 50 0.177 0.176 0.378 0.131 0.386 0.67 63 1.752 0.873 2.02 1.023 2.432 4.049 80 4.839 2.356 5.387 2.893 6.745 11.05

100 2.197 1.433 2.953 0.62 0.691 0.732 125 1.291 2.287 2.48 1.983 0.645 0.803 160 3.405 7.545 7.158 7.617 1.223 1.143 200 2.97 4.963 3.44 14 2.617 4.041 250 1.993 3.306 2.149 10.64 3.64 3.903 315 2.522 4.385 1.349 8.821 7.87 8.351 400 1.879 4.643 0.564 5.354 6.183 12.69 500 1.874 15.69 1.494 5.563 11.36 25.63 630 3.576 41.26 4.462 9.114 12.4 21.89 800 5.456 50.25 7.77 11.26 13.43 18.26

1000 17.66 44.55 7.631 7.773 7.941 11.98 1250 31.88 64.33 19.25 7.175 6.594 9.693 1600 13.97 52.57 68.78 9.775 4.299 10.77 2000 14.3 16.48 65.92 4.748 1.181 6.14 2500 16.89 21.56 45.7 1.52 1.064 1.885 ahw 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.8

av 2.9 3.8

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

97

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.194 0.145 0.143 0.109 0.243 0.067 2 0.202 0.17 0.147 0.108 0.29 0.067

2.5 0.163 0.177 0.169 0.109 0.267 0.078 3.15 0.148 0.132 0.166 0.108 0.161 0.107

4 0.139 0.099 0.2 0.123 0.171 0.119 5 0.125 0.079 0.209 0.115 0.117 0.123

6.3 0.113 0.067 0.22 0.123 0.124 0.103 8 0.112 0.066 0.236 0.154 0.105 0.102

10 0.118 0.075 0.203 0.135 0.089 0.09 12.5 0.128 0.084 0.194 0.125 0.1 0.096

16 0.129 0.102 0.13 0.093 0.104 0.102 20 0.158 0.144 0.108 0.086 0.148 0.151 25 0.196 0.175 0.137 0.1 0.197 0.205

31.5 0.274 0.185 0.182 0.118 0.293 0.292 40 0.254 0.135 0.18 0.115 0.299 0.318 50 0.491 0.289 0.251 0.251 0.386 0.502 63 8.712 3.713 2.987 5.038 4.165 4.18 80 2.996 1.63 1.074 1.862 1.755 1.903

100 0.841 1.259 1.424 0.667 0.632 0.566 125 1.19 3.31 2.767 1.851 1.287 2.186 160 0.808 3.186 2.703 3.942 0.905 1.148 200 2.273 5.187 3.273 9.327 1.926 4.037 250 1.422 3.814 1.771 17.64 10.44 10.85 315 2.249 4.72 0.973 8.969 7.967 12.14 400 2.758 7.278 1.435 6.169 8.936 18.77 500 2.656 19.79 2.315 5.1 13.36 31.68 630 8.295 100.3 11.67 22.89 22.72 58.9 800 4.548 57.17 9.574 14.87 18.7 35.87

1000 12.43 36.25 9.003 8.494 8.31 10.11 1250 22.38 43.25 19.23 9.386 8.153 11.54 1600 10.64 35.58 57.35 12.33 5.28 13.37 2000 14.09 11.26 58.12 7.42 1.617 9.094 2500 19.99 21.7 46.39 1.551 1.495 2.911 ahw 2.4 3.1 1.1 2.1 1.7 2.6

av 4.1 3.7

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y-axis

z-axis

98

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

Front - outer, underneath Rear - back (cable tie) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.257 0.233 0.107 0.081 0.263 0.132 2 0.217 0.182 0.129 0.098 0.207 0.171

2.5 0.193 0.145 0.172 0.125 0.152 0.175 3.15 0.132 0.127 0.163 0.146 0.107 0.17

4 0.146 0.093 0.156 0.167 0.099 0.14 5 0.128 0.068 0.195 0.142 0.094 0.122

6.3 0.114 0.075 0.247 0.153 0.09 0.121 8 0.112 0.069 0.198 0.13 0.084 0.105

10 0.099 0.063 0.153 0.098 0.086 0.126 12.5 0.099 0.062 0.133 0.093 0.094 0.146

16 0.089 0.061 0.112 0.088 0.104 0.16 20 0.102 0.075 0.128 0.115 0.148 0.219 25 0.147 0.099 0.191 0.17 0.212 0.341

31.5 0.28 0.15 0.337 0.3 0.341 0.567 40 0.307 0.141 0.358 0.247 0.405 0.703 50 0.795 0.34 1.248 0.924 1.164 2.208 63 13.68 4.37 18.74 15.25 17.88 33.95 80 4.837 1.559 5.544 4.092 5.973 10.58

100 1.658 2.371 5.218 1.173 0.793 1.434 125 2.991 4.603 5.706 2.326 2.388 3.891 160 1.744 4.698 5.384 2.999 1.084 1.5 200 3.3 11.93 12.77 8.404 2.642 4.339 250 2.669 7.063 6.999 5.786 12.65 7.935 315 5.031 8.167 6.677 5.088 12.59 8.354 400 4.249 13.05 9.769 12.45 28.61 17.85 500 2.874 20.29 8.773 8.705 37.78 13.28 630 10.67 59.63 11.64 10.45 40.03 12.19 800 16.54 45.7 11.02 7.507 14.33 9.611

1000 31.92 29.39 13.06 6.043 4.758 2.88 1250 63.08 48.28 12.86 5.765 3.377 1.214 1600 44.48 42.35 28.11 4.543 1.751 1.34 2000 14.64 19.27 23.09 4.062 3.482 2.59 2500 9.084 15.9 13.31 3.691 2.036 3.207 ahw 3.8 2.7 5.3 4.2 5.3 9.1

av 7.0 11.3

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

99

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.051 0.172 0.055 0.036 0.057 0.042 2 0.05 0.088 0.05 0.047 0.048 0.038

2.5 0.06 0.079 0.068 0.046 0.043 0.04 3.15 0.052 0.061 0.088 0.053 0.037 0.042

4 0.046 0.048 0.088 0.058 0.037 0.048 5 0.046 0.039 0.119 0.071 0.033 0.073

6.3 0.041 0.038 0.143 0.071 0.045 0.073 8 0.041 0.051 0.13 0.068 0.043 0.067

10 0.039 0.044 0.094 0.055 0.033 0.054 12.5 0.042 0.043 0.074 0.058 0.029 0.052

16 0.04 0.043 0.066 0.052 0.031 0.05 20 0.048 0.055 0.095 0.072 0.044 0.067 25 0.061 0.055 0.087 0.095 0.057 0.093

31.5 0.071 0.058 0.139 0.067 0.134 0.217 40 0.162 0.097 0.321 0.093 0.316 0.535 50 0.3 0.141 0.343 0.201 0.386 0.665 63 2.067 0.466 1.016 1.176 0.797 1.211 80 28.72 5.982 11.64 15.79 7.126 7.093

100 3.405 1.765 3.636 2.021 1.53 2.196 125 0.595 0.919 1.199 0.549 0.515 0.697 160 4.046 9.099 9.082 5.047 0.885 2.273 200 1.095 2.701 2.985 1.732 1.306 1.817 250 1.757 2.866 3.74 3.915 5.351 1.693 315 3.039 4.238 3.61 9.733 9.579 6.114 400 1.497 5.34 1.379 6.937 8.257 3.357 500 2.314 21.35 4.605 9.985 14.79 5.461 630 7.812 40.9 6.25 12.6 14.68 5.562 800 18.34 51.19 12.94 12.22 8.911 6.404

1000 32.15 23.9 14.19 5.792 3.311 1.844 1250 60.41 50.73 14.51 4.84 2.194 1.038 1600 30.93 31.84 18.78 2.49 0.864 0.729 2000 5.655 8.975 11.8 1.513 1.436 1.243 2500 6.322 9.955 7.829 1.275 1.511 1.735 ahw 5.9 2.3 2.7 3.4 1.8 1.6

av 6.9 4.1

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

100

0


Site ID: Tool ID: D





December 11, 2007

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s²)

x-axis


1.6 0.199 0.128 0.094 0.099 0.168 0.104 2 0.181 0.118 0.089 0.092 0.142 0.106

2.5 0.156 0.105 0.099 0.124 0.135 0.107 3.15 0.152 0.092 0.168 0.166 0.107 0.113

4 0.132 0.067 0.191 0.145 0.083 0.137 5 0.135 0.06 0.181 0.151 0.076 0.117

6.3 0.096 0.046 0.169 0.144 0.062 0.1 8 0.1 0.052 0.204 0.146 0.071 0.107

10 0.102 0.055 0.193 0.134 0.075 0.11 12.5 0.106 0.054 0.155 0.12 0.075 0.113

16 0.106 0.061 0.112 0.104 0.103 0.147 20 0.128 0.092 0.099 0.144 0.148 0.202 25 0.159 0.125 0.115 0.211 0.229 0.317

31.5 0.245 0.16 0.211 0.254 0.346 0.513 40 0.232 0.119 0.191 0.169 0.393 0.602 50 0.88 0.281 0.417 0.65 0.713 1.19 63 12.34 3.126 5.064 9.664 8.487 14.22 80 1.821 0.575 1.01 1.545 1.613 2.755

100 1.063 1.57 1.959 1.298 1.026 1.735 125 1.659 5.491 6.453 2.837 2.853 5.284 160 1.334 3.151 3.057 2.08 0.789 1.679 200 4.177 8.008 7.365 7.034 2.264 5.775 250 2.723 5.37 5.381 4.724 8.091 5.446 315 5.812 6.842 6.445 6.03 11.22 7.337 400 5.337 9.851 6.994 13.44 30.31 16.74 500 4.808 22.05 11.81 12.91 49.94 19.37 630 17.1 77.9 20.07 21.73 62.87 22.28 800 16.36 45.87 12.62 8.98 14.91 13.93

1000 22.53 44.93 9.535 6.023 5.312 2.934 1250 52.22 48.05 13.61 5.205 2.949 1.515 1600 40.88 42.76 23.13 4.299 2.06 1.238 2000 13.12 16.52 17.86 2.885 3.694 1.951 2500 8.452 17.16 13.32 2.361 2.003 2.806 ahw 3.4 2.7 2.0 2.8 3.5 4.0

av 4.8 6.0

y-axis

z-axis

y-axis

z-axis

101

APPENDIX E – EMISSION AND SIMULATED REAL DATA FOR MACHINE E

102


Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 1-3: front handle inner

Mass: 6.8 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.8 m/s2 z-axis 3.8 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

total a: 5.7 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 11/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600



3.1 m/s2

3.6 m/s2

3.4 m/s2

103



Mass: 6.8 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.5 m/s2 z-axis 3.3 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.3 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 5.6 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 17/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.7 m/s2

104



Mass: 6.8 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.9 m/s2 z-axis 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.8 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.6 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 6.0 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 18/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





2.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.7 m/s2

105


Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 1-3: front handle middle

Mass: 6.8 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.8 m/s2 z-axis 7.2 m/s2

K: 3.2 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.0 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 6.7 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

total a: 8.4 m/s2

K: 2.0 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 16/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600



1.3 m/s2

2.8 m/s2

6.5 m/s2

106

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400


Subject 1Tool reference: Tool E

PULSE channels 1-3: front handle outer 1000


0.01




a: 7.5 m/s2 z-axis 13.7 m/s2

K: 2.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 12.5 m/s2

K: 3.9 m/s2

total a: 15.1 m/s2

K: 4.2 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 16/10/2007




- type 2635 z-axis 10.1 m/s2




6.5 m/s2

4.5 m/s2

13.6 m/s2


Feed force 60 N

Mass: 6.8 kg

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

10

1

0.1

100

107

800

1600

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

)





Date: 16/10/2007

Tested by: RH

total a: 7.5 m/s2




a: 6.5 m/s2 z-axis 3.6 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.2 m/s2


z-axis



Feed force 60 N

Mass: 6.8 kg

K: 1.1 m/s2

a: 3.6 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

1.6

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

)

0.01

1

0.1

0.01

10

0.1

10

1

3.15

3.15 6.

36.

3

12.5

12.5

2525

5050

100

100

200

200

400

400

800

800

1600

16

00 0.001

100

0.001









6.1 m/s2

1.1 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

108

800

1600

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

)





Date: 16/10/2007

Tested by: RH

total a: 7.9 m/s2




a: 7.0 m/s2 z-axis 3.6 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.2 m/s2


z-axis



Feed force 60 N

Mass: 6.8 kg

K: 1.0 m/s2

a: 3.6 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

1.6

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

)

0.01

1

0.1

0.01

10

0.1

10

1

3.15

3.15 6.

36.

3

12.5

12.5

2525

5050

100

100

200

200

400

400

800

800

1600

16

00 0.001

100

0.001









7.1 m/s2

1.1 m/s2

3.5 m/s2

109

800

1600


Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle rear

Mass: 6.8 kg

Feed force 60 N



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 9.1 m/s2 z-axis 10.1 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.8 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 9.6 m/s2

K: 2.0 m/s2

total a: 13.6 m/s2

K: 1.4 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 11/10/2007


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600



8.7 m/s2

3.1 m/s2

10.4 m/s2

110

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400



PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: rear handle back, left side 1000)


0.01




a: 13.9 m/s2 z-axis 11.2 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.8 m/s2

K: 0.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 10.9 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

total a: 17.8 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 17/10/2007




- type 2635 z-axis 11.7 m/s2




14.9 m/s2

1.7 m/s2

9.8 m/s2


Feed force 60 N

Mass: 6.8 kg

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10

1

0.1

100

111

800

1600

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

112



- type 2635 z-axis 10.1 m/s2




14.2 m/s2

3.5 m/s2

10.8 m/s2


a: 10.2 m/s2 1000

0.001

0.001


Date: 18/10/2007

Tested by: RH

total a: 18.3 m/s2

K: 2.1 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s




a: 14.8 m/s2 z-axis 9.6 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2


z-axis



Feed force 60 N

Mass: 6.8 kg

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

1.6

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

Ave

rage

acc

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1.6 0.036 0.028 0.051 0.162 0.024 0.085 2 0.039 0.019 0.028 0.176 0.031 0.091

2.5 0.037 0.027 0.082 0.195 0.046 0.072 3.15 0.045 0.03 0.117 0.182 0.045 0.094

4 0.073 0.032 0.123 0.159 0.058 0.083 5 0.097 0.038 0.094 0.159 0.075 0.138

6.3 0.061 0.032 0.067 0.076 0.074 0.124 8 0.05 0.034 0.063 0.088 0.047 0.103

10 0.055 0.052 0.059 0.08 0.037 0.085 12.5 0.066 0.062 0.065 0.057 0.043 0.07

16 0.137 0.127 0.053 0.079 0.047 0.065 20 0.208 0.203 0.079 0.108 0.068 0.056 25 0.348 0.365 0.148 0.179 0.118 0.087

31.5 1.06 0.938 0.385 0.546 0.366 0.276 40 0.654 0.654 0.855 0.715 0.283 0.232 50 1.452 1.772 3.405 2.817 0.301 0.424 63 0.966 2.221 5.209 4.068 0.362 0.855 80 3.887 14.17 36.53 26.54 2.796 8.158

100 2.879 5.754 11.96 10.11 1.095 2.187 125 1.846 2.008 2.02 5.563 0.933 1.727 160 4.202 5.367 4.758 18.08 3.614 6.085 200 3.255 5.054 2.712 9.703 6.591 6.118 250 4.139 7.778 5.562 12.02 12.74 7.207 315 4.188 6.924 7.463 16.88 13.73 6.959 400 4.233 5.134 4.708 19.23 14.37 10.44 500 7.275 11.78 9.905 42.4 31.65 32.07 630 12.36 14.85 13.2 48.62 55.78 47.73 800 20.37 24.8 10.28 52.34 70.99 57.84

1000 13.85 22.82 9.204 18.96 38.09 33.28 1250 10.97 18.3 8.953 5.607 6.657 21.74 1600 10.1 12.43 17.2 4.147 6.813 11.92 2000 6.795 7.893 22.19 5.83 6.713 5.489 2500 3.7 11.29 9.248 5.807 6.338 2.622 ahw 1.5 3.4 7.9 6.6 2.7 2.8

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1.6 0.02 0.013 0.037 0.025 0.016 0.023 2 0.032 0.018 0.039 0.038 0.018 0.04

2.5 0.038 0.016 0.057 0.041 0.028 0.054 3.15 0.07 0.021 0.054 0.107 0.062 0.109

4 0.055 0.019 0.075 0.09 0.056 0.093 5 0.079 0.026 0.14 0.132 0.059 0.117

6.3 0.057 0.031 0.161 0.105 0.044 0.068 8 0.091 0.04 0.194 0.114 0.09 0.135

10 0.1 0.074 0.246 0.094 0.058 0.102 12.5 0.143 0.151 0.317 0.136 0.08 0.109

16 0.229 0.232 0.294 0.139 0.107 0.113 20 0.35 0.393 0.291 0.165 0.145 0.131 25 0.908 0.922 0.561 0.352 0.194 0.154

31.5 2.406 2.266 1.462 1.092 0.351 0.441 40 4.454 3.323 2.117 3.113 0.693 1.229 50 5.894 3.302 2.754 4.511 0.766 1.43 63 5.315 3.602 4.697 7.133 0.995 1.272 80 4.832 12.62 21.53 31.68 4.103 7.379

100 2.387 5.313 9.085 14.42 1.6 2.539 125 1.844 3.13 2.62 11.6 1.392 1.477 160 2.85 8.906 3.343 18.69 3.205 3.746 200 3.359 8.236 4.191 13.72 8.108 6.808 250 6.04 11.97 5.709 16.48 15.78 9.918 315 6.012 9.901 7.766 29.4 20.51 8.995 400 3.097 7.234 4.294 33.86 18.01 14.48 500 5.604 15.88 7.7 43.39 34.88 37.02 630 10.05 18.18 10.02 43.39 58.35 60.54 800 16.68 23.26 10.78 60.94 80.93 68.71

1000 11.53 20.86 10.93 24.2 35.58 33.56 1250 6.331 11.15 10.51 6.894 7.483 22.73 1600 4.264 7.447 13.09 5.319 7.49 13.51 2000 3.918 5.761 16.33 6.666 7.166 6.802 2500 3.353 8.885 6.809 6.15 6.662 3.492 ahw 3.6 4.0 5.1 8.4 3.1 3.1

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1.6 0.07 0.096 0.047 0.062 0.051 0.043 2 0.106 0.087 0.045 0.07 0.095 0.057

2.5 0.103 0.06 0.071 0.107 0.068 0.086 3.15 0.083 0.024 0.055 0.106 0.056 0.079

4 0.067 0.032 0.082 0.087 0.045 0.094 5 0.056 0.023 0.11 0.113 0.045 0.072

6.3 0.064 0.021 0.074 0.112 0.044 0.085 8 0.061 0.025 0.087 0.067 0.042 0.074

10 0.074 0.05 0.086 0.065 0.049 0.093 12.5 0.106 0.085 0.065 0.062 0.05 0.061

16 0.182 0.161 0.067 0.069 0.055 0.06 20 0.356 0.335 0.158 0.196 0.11 0.091 25 0.418 0.38 0.264 0.313 0.128 0.104

31.5 1.219 1.204 1.196 1.315 0.412 0.47 40 2.242 3.264 3.441 3.644 0.791 1.033 50 2.34 5.267 7.563 5.954 0.884 1.166 63 1.248 3.91 7.159 5.713 0.645 0.873 80 3.525 5.717 11 10.84 1.448 2.662

100 5.516 8.051 15.29 16.51 1.882 4.045 125 2.009 2.726 4.99 9.329 1.241 1.85 160 2.524 4.89 3.614 9.588 4.119 4.059 200 4.129 8.927 4.025 11.23 9.72 6.767 250 4.434 11.13 7.304 14.91 14.68 6.114 315 4.518 12.4 11.67 25.76 19.16 8.884 400 3.303 7.712 6.343 30.2 17.46 13.31 500 5.233 19.8 10.14 49.18 36.9 36.34 630 10.5 31.15 10.96 44.87 55.75 51.79 800 21.36 36.19 9.866 50.82 77.87 57.56

1000 19.66 29.83 11.11 22.47 30.92 27.99 1250 15.52 15.09 9.602 6.639 6.836 21.16 1600 11.45 7.924 15.1 5.426 6.787 11.38 2000 8.04 7.844 15.66 6.196 6.589 5.525 2500 3.102 10.29 7.477 6.177 6.48 2.391 ahw 2.0 3.6 4.9 5.7 3.0 2.6

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1.6 0.038 0.029 0.025 0.046 0.042 0.039 2 0.029 0.044 0.031 0.042 0.041 0.034

2.5 0.032 0.038 0.037 0.063 0.037 0.067 3.15 0.047 0.047 0.054 0.088 0.059 0.059

4 0.058 0.046 0.093 0.105 0.052 0.061 5 0.057 0.03 0.088 0.103 0.044 0.074

6.3 0.039 0.034 0.073 0.057 0.05 0.082 8 0.036 0.032 0.076 0.043 0.04 0.075

10 0.037 0.036 0.058 0.036 0.036 0.055 12.5 0.044 0.041 0.044 0.047 0.043 0.051

16 0.069 0.072 0.045 0.056 0.065 0.052 20 0.116 0.149 0.067 0.089 0.081 0.059 25 0.248 0.326 0.111 0.203 0.197 0.091

31.5 0.678 0.931 0.412 0.782 0.643 0.303 40 0.407 0.535 0.557 0.566 0.255 0.26 50 3.181 2.098 2.348 1.799 0.217 0.564 63 0.913 1.466 2.328 2.66 0.284 0.873 80 4.179 6.932 15.12 17.94 2.059 8.808

100 3.973 5.227 9.93 12.03 1.092 3.492 125 2.435 2.671 2.47 6.856 1.012 2.096 160 5.812 4.579 5.376 14.7 4.768 6.387 200 3.515 5.938 3.599 9.856 7.957 6.165 250 5.907 8.539 6.779 14.17 12.64 8.486 315 5.364 7.702 9.036 17.45 14.83 7.448 400 4.866 6.209 7.117 26.33 18.03 12.05 500 5.364 17.07 15.08 74.81 37.77 34.6 630 8.149 15.79 16.28 61.33 67.12 52.55 800 15.38 18.7 13.76 63.6 104.4 69.56

1000 13.78 19.32 18.75 19.01 37.51 33.29 1250 8.811 15.13 19.91 7.644 8.892 28.08 1600 8.116 15.17 41.87 5.564 8.13 15.03 2000 15.27 24.94 58.86 7.908 8.884 7.223 2500 9.55 8.783 24.07 6.928 7.881 3.427 ahw 1.8 2.3 3.8 5.8 3.3 3.1

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1.6 0.017 0.014 0.039 0.026 0.024 0.039 2 0.019 0.014 0.046 0.031 0.019 0.036

2.5 0.027 0.025 0.023 0.046 0.03 0.04 3.15 0.048 0.014 0.052 0.072 0.04 0.075

4 0.035 0.015 0.057 0.073 0.046 0.084 5 0.054 0.021 0.077 0.124 0.044 0.094

6.3 0.062 0.027 0.102 0.147 0.039 0.077 8 0.043 0.025 0.104 0.089 0.041 0.075

10 0.056 0.027 0.103 0.065 0.049 0.078 12.5 0.088 0.048 0.174 0.086 0.072 0.082

16 0.238 0.106 0.192 0.058 0.148 0.137 20 0.169 0.142 0.106 0.076 0.119 0.102 25 0.135 0.161 0.089 0.097 0.1 0.089

31.5 0.304 0.404 0.138 0.303 0.219 0.161 40 0.415 0.397 0.223 0.285 0.197 0.196 50 3.249 1.749 1.603 0.613 0.254 0.351 63 0.694 0.836 1.366 1.911 0.525 0.779 80 3.319 7.663 17.72 23.69 4.921 8.018

100 1.871 4.657 7.067 13.75 1.472 2.226 125 1.302 2.399 2.654 8.142 0.897 1 160 4.739 6.588 3.768 12.83 2.944 2.556 200 3.554 6.817 3.751 11.06 8.036 5.261 250 5.104 8.983 5.216 13.19 12.84 9.481 315 4.575 7.068 8.439 22.62 17.91 7.024 400 3.91 6.776 6.003 26.98 18.85 13.43 500 5.013 11.93 11.81 55.35 37.52 39.53 630 9.209 11.69 14.38 55.74 66.15 60.41 800 16.96 15.71 13.18 62.63 84.03 55.28

1000 14.94 16.48 13.97 19.99 19.78 33.53 1250 9.584 12.17 17.79 7.077 6.273 21.53 1600 7.953 13.65 35.69 5.015 6.717 11.76 2000 13.47 21.87 49.96 7.008 8.004 6.589 2500 8.997 8.442 21.37 6.513 7.648 2.847 ahw 1.6 2.3 4.0 6.4 3.2 3.0

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December 11, 2007

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1.6 0.028 0.036 0.024 0.052 0.04 0.034 2 0.04 0.056 0.031 0.073 0.049 0.033

2.5 0.033 0.042 0.058 0.075 0.046 0.063 3.15 0.044 0.04 0.077 0.073 0.055 0.087

4 0.057 0.03 0.093 0.099 0.042 0.07 5 0.051 0.022 0.105 0.126 0.042 0.071

6.3 0.065 0.026 0.075 0.107 0.052 0.095 8 0.045 0.025 0.053 0.088 0.048 0.084

10 0.037 0.031 0.045 0.054 0.039 0.057 12.5 0.047 0.05 0.044 0.051 0.035 0.051

16 0.08 0.085 0.05 0.043 0.043 0.048 20 0.123 0.135 0.051 0.062 0.053 0.058 25 0.33 0.347 0.095 0.2 0.154 0.121

31.5 0.894 0.834 0.355 0.639 0.393 0.327 40 0.402 0.392 0.393 0.481 0.167 0.195 50 1.549 0.913 1.006 0.778 0.12 0.188 63 1.235 1.587 2.853 4.068 0.317 0.965 80 0.97 1.195 2.087 4.387 0.395 0.967

100 3.308 5.369 7.114 16.74 1.78 3.619 125 1.28 1.874 1.83 4.2 0.962 1.51 160 2.732 2.939 2.713 5.316 3.192 2.463 200 4.686 8.579 4.298 9.964 8.884 5.437 250 5.235 7.372 5.114 10.95 12.36 5.091 315 8.457 12.12 9.838 25.49 21.07 10.3 400 5.641 6.826 7.908 33.54 24.01 11.62 500 9.804 16.03 14.45 67.81 33.31 34.26 630 16.34 22.64 19.28 71.3 54.39 53.56 800 16.12 23.89 12.79 60.03 77.76 48.18

1000 13.7 19.86 18.26 21.41 20.43 31.86 1250 10.04 10.74 22.52 8.165 6.391 25.45 1600 7.26 20.82 41.48 4.855 7.162 12.81 2000 13.76 29.99 52.09 7.457 8.332 7.076 2500 8.376 9.276 24.99 7.073 7.712 2.49 ahw 1.4 1.9 1.9 4.8 2.9 2.3

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Front - inner (EN60745) Rear - back (glue) Frequency x-axis y-axis z-axis y-axis z-axisx-axis

1.6 0.055 0.069 0.025 0.074 0.078 0.069 2 0.038 0.057 0.032 0.058 0.054 0.082

2.5 0.045 0.077 0.041 0.071 0.067 0.132 3.15 0.035 0.063 0.06 0.089 0.059 0.108

4 0.036 0.05 0.063 0.146 0.057 0.119 5 0.039 0.042 0.097 0.164 0.057 0.11

6.3 0.034 0.042 0.059 0.092 0.053 0.108 8 0.039 0.056 0.064 0.071 0.049 0.08

10 0.046 0.05 0.055 0.063 0.048 0.06 12.5 0.056 0.051 0.054 0.1 0.05 0.058

16 0.064 0.062 0.04 0.093 0.05 0.058 20 0.095 0.092 0.057 0.098 0.077 0.083 25 0.19 0.198 0.09 0.189 0.154 0.164

31.5 0.218 0.241 0.135 0.336 0.188 0.247 40 0.646 0.594 0.309 0.77 0.654 0.689 50 0.413 0.417 0.496 0.737 0.345 0.573 63 0.601 0.566 1.216 1.712 0.618 1.66 80 4.155 4.514 10.1 15.06 5.744 18.16

100 3.686 6.184 6.913 17.25 2.712 10.31 125 1.327 2.252 2.072 5.495 1.071 3.397 160 4.414 7.892 6.181 14.65 6.03 12.84 200 5.941 6.661 4.833 10.02 10.48 18.17 250 9.035 8.234 8.98 6.232 12.01 15.49 315 12.06 9.877 15.68 9.861 14.86 9.503 400 12.83 11.24 12.5 11.94 18.78 6.898 500 22.89 31.27 26.4 29.69 39.47 9.5 630 32.16 64.11 31.57 31.77 52.94 8.885 800 32.05 55.93 20.19 18.33 42.88 8.561

1000 21.37 22.4 24.1 10.2 21.17 4.718 1250 10.5 14.72 20.25 8.317 19.41 8.198 1600 7.331 16.6 28.32 6.623 14.27 9.2 2000 7.704 23.24 27.5 5.202 3.735 5.209 2500 3.579 12 11.91 3.609 1.963 5.623 ahw 2.0 2.9 3.0 4.8 2.9 4.7

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1.6 0.019 0.013 0.027 0.034 0.027 0.038 2 0.026 0.012 0.027 0.039 0.026 0.032

2.5 0.037 0.02 0.064 0.077 0.041 0.055 3.15 0.042 0.02 0.052 0.09 0.052 0.095

4 0.05 0.037 0.092 0.121 0.064 0.123 5 0.051 0.064 0.173 0.168 0.084 0.199

6.3 0.081 0.06 0.149 0.179 0.086 0.138 8 0.106 0.088 0.16 0.131 0.082 0.121

10 0.113 0.109 0.1 0.132 0.071 0.139 12.5 0.085 0.086 0.127 0.172 0.055 0.111

16 0.092 0.099 0.105 0.13 0.051 0.109 20 0.141 0.172 0.099 0.153 0.079 0.135 25 0.169 0.24 0.104 0.195 0.098 0.209

31.5 0.317 0.489 0.14 0.457 0.224 0.517 40 0.469 0.53 0.225 0.727 0.324 0.646 50 1.174 0.631 0.615 1.124 0.466 0.799 63 1.589 0.865 1.266 2.195 0.508 1.101 80 3.212 9.124 10.03 24.82 3.42 8.066

100 4.233 13.77 14.63 37.02 4.993 11.7 125 0.831 2.444 1.925 6.948 1.268 3.1 160 3.307 8.997 5.013 11.52 6.225 13.14 200 6.048 11.41 7.014 12.86 13.39 26.57 250 9.091 10.51 12.64 6.187 17.09 13.68 315 11.42 14.15 18.42 12.93 19.21 9.536 400 11.19 17.68 14.22 17.78 20.16 7.708 500 25.56 34.51 21.97 25.91 43.34 7.817 630 37.77 62.66 23.86 20.06 47.65 7.595 800 42.12 63.95 21.89 14.31 35.35 6.981

1000 27.04 28.53 21.53 8.604 18.9 5.242 1250 9.811 16.59 21.01 7.292 16.09 6.477 1600 8.249 18.75 28.95 7.061 12.08 7.329 2000 7.584 21.47 26.93 5.219 3.976 5.542 2500 2.912 10.87 11.36 3.686 1.962 5.765 ahw 2.2 4.1 3.7 8.1 3.0 3.8

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1.6 0.039 0.023 0.023 0.036 0.03 0.022 2 0.048 0.035 0.033 0.046 0.056 0.05

2.5 0.084 0.06 0.039 0.104 0.097 0.154 3.15 0.071 0.049 0.063 0.14 0.088 0.172

4 0.104 0.061 0.069 0.236 0.08 0.21 5 0.064 0.042 0.089 0.219 0.083 0.147

6.3 0.054 0.039 0.071 0.199 0.083 0.154 8 0.059 0.035 0.064 0.154 0.073 0.132

10 0.056 0.042 0.074 0.092 0.054 0.084 12.5 0.091 0.076 0.084 0.114 0.051 0.064

16 0.126 0.147 0.068 0.131 0.063 0.071 20 0.231 0.272 0.07 0.243 0.112 0.113 25 0.767 0.904 0.257 0.801 0.444 0.577

31.5 3.252 3.757 1.712 3.985 1.807 2.6 40 1.157 1.169 1.323 1.605 0.573 0.94 50 0.863 0.945 2.328 2.692 0.473 1.166 63 0.91 3.688 7.828 10.9 1.82 4.794 80 2.181 4.458 5.136 12.32 1.633 7.077

100 4.282 10.29 10.17 25.58 3.159 10.92 125 2.602 4.873 5.647 12.32 2.624 8.281 160 4.158 6.701 5.385 10.57 5.659 12.97 200 6.612 10.24 7.04 9.822 9.532 15.64 250 8.507 8.333 12.29 6.051 13.74 14.11 315 13.52 13.95 23.42 12.34 20.19 11.42 400 14.84 19.88 20.13 20.33 23.35 8.33 500 28.79 47.18 36.06 50.01 43.56 12.45 630 43.98 74.45 39.49 42.95 49.01 9.739 800 33.63 54.01 20.13 19.52 35.71 7.827

1000 19.84 22.84 24.38 10.54 17.21 4.732 1250 10.25 11.28 21.67 8.014 22.34 8.874 1600 9.023 18.44 29.81 7.058 16.9 10.28 2000 8.403 22.88 30.1 5.682 3.765 5.609 2500 3.742 9.786 12.62 3.688 1.794 5.902 ahw 2.9 4.3 4.0 6.8 3.0 3.8

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1.6 0.311 0.17 0.095 0.12 0.327 0.151 2 0.218 0.094 0.128 0.106 0.213 0.115

2.5 0.145 0.095 0.141 0.123 0.137 0.121 3.15 0.149 0.076 0.17 0.124 0.122 0.136

4 0.123 0.074 0.193 0.135 0.086 0.134 5 0.097 0.055 0.227 0.136 0.082 0.109

6.3 0.096 0.074 0.31 0.161 0.077 0.115 8 0.095 0.074 0.239 0.12 0.07 0.119

10 0.094 0.073 0.186 0.104 0.075 0.106 12.5 0.092 0.08 0.166 0.107 0.077 0.115

16 0.107 0.086 0.156 0.114 0.099 0.128 20 0.104 0.086 0.152 0.122 0.136 0.194 25 0.114 0.098 0.215 0.162 0.185 0.284

31.5 0.148 0.14 0.328 0.227 0.247 0.42 40 0.225 0.204 0.526 0.323 0.35 0.611 50 0.447 0.378 0.981 0.609 0.531 0.975 63 1.496 1.441 3.631 1.927 1.183 2.39 80 27.76 28.93 71.13 24.13 6.884 29.31

100 13.12 13.09 36.58 15.38 4.004 12.4 125 4.457 1.468 4.876 6.666 1.981 3.237 160 5.915 3.24 5.248 7.249 8.979 23.92 200 7.174 5.295 6.487 6.193 8.618 15.44 250 12.18 9.664 11.53 6.941 11.49 18.43 315 9.565 9.229 11.35 13.72 12.72 13.99 400 6.561 7.382 6.969 18.56 23.25 13.89 500 6.413 16.1 9.631 16.69 41.2 18.23 630 10.52 28.74 6.763 12.22 43.16 10.84 800 23.12 60.58 13.85 18.87 41.49 13.15

1000 18.76 43.22 14.75 12.02 27.06 6.836 1250 16.05 24.99 12.24 9.197 23.76 4.449 1600 20.34 19.59 11.05 4.804 7.986 3.654 2000 14.36 18.39 12.27 4.95 3.505 2.069 2500 6.2 10.8 7.379 5.021 2.752 3.022 ahw 6.2 6.5 15.7 5.8 3.0 7.1

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1.6 0.048 0.096 0.043 0.047 0.064 0.042 2 0.07 0.069 0.057 0.063 0.058 0.046

2.5 0.075 0.07 0.071 0.059 0.056 0.048 3.15 0.068 0.065 0.087 0.062 0.05 0.06

4 0.057 0.04 0.112 0.085 0.048 0.084 5 0.065 0.039 0.194 0.102 0.044 0.081

6.3 0.053 0.057 0.224 0.107 0.053 0.081 8 0.06 0.072 0.213 0.112 0.057 0.086

10 0.054 0.059 0.137 0.083 0.047 0.078 12.5 0.069 0.073 0.135 0.105 0.058 0.091

16 0.061 0.065 0.112 0.08 0.059 0.088 20 0.063 0.064 0.1 0.073 0.078 0.11 25 0.081 0.081 0.099 0.112 0.101 0.154

31.5 0.133 0.122 0.136 0.206 0.159 0.256 40 0.265 0.224 0.294 0.4 0.333 0.556 50 0.524 0.362 0.609 0.803 0.573 0.982 63 0.863 0.583 1.108 1.701 0.61 1.009 80 2.793 1.919 4.411 3.373 1.001 2.741

100 28.29 18.9 44.21 28.38 7.481 26.19 125 2.958 1.755 3.969 4.487 1.387 3.23 160 2.842 1.725 2.572 3.414 3.121 6.149 200 5.176 4.239 6.258 3.101 8.333 20.77 250 6.858 6.22 7.674 4.854 6.95 8.484 315 9.432 10.97 12.22 10.89 9.659 17.49 400 4.507 4.824 5.25 15 14.72 7.02 500 4.448 9.654 5.567 12.5 19.68 8.768 630 8.631 46.86 8.031 12.75 24.49 5.117 800 19.26 59.4 12.11 12.95 27.53 4.47

1000 20.48 36.53 6.865 5.324 17.1 4.5 1250 12.66 15.27 7.398 4.543 11.26 2.603 1600 16.07 15.41 8.117 3.254 3.943 1.921 2000 9.443 10.75 8.547 3.078 2.015 1.099 2500 3.695 6.519 4.653 3.438 2.104 2.081 ahw 4.7 3.6 7.3 4.8 2.0 4.8

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1.6 0.214 0.146 0.12 0.11 0.198 0.12 2 0.194 0.145 0.116 0.128 0.177 0.11

2.5 0.131 0.105 0.096 0.112 0.107 0.082 3.15 0.13 0.088 0.114 0.135 0.102 0.094

4 0.138 0.08 0.145 0.172 0.113 0.147 5 0.141 0.058 0.173 0.153 0.105 0.138

6.3 0.135 0.062 0.184 0.151 0.089 0.12 8 0.111 0.058 0.214 0.148 0.08 0.111

10 0.114 0.069 0.219 0.155 0.083 0.103 12.5 0.124 0.079 0.225 0.162 0.098 0.119

16 0.134 0.091 0.172 0.133 0.126 0.145 20 0.17 0.13 0.172 0.159 0.173 0.205 25 0.211 0.188 0.156 0.221 0.237 0.269

31.5 0.24 0.232 0.178 0.25 0.292 0.372 40 0.374 0.357 0.363 0.395 0.437 0.605 50 0.454 0.52 0.605 0.684 0.503 0.761 63 0.529 0.502 0.904 1.625 0.759 1.276 80 2.543 1.855 4.264 7.751 4.78 11.17

100 4.656 1.985 7.7 15.53 4.58 7.764 125 2.009 0.891 1.401 7.359 1.982 2.936 160 3.78 3.087 4.472 8.645 8.754 22.48 200 6.017 5.299 4.87 8.221 9.58 17.77 250 9.03 9.143 8.961 7.035 10.59 15.98 315 10.14 10.48 11.38 16.76 15.8 18.08 400 9.552 7.27 5.928 17.87 24.6 15.44 500 8.894 13.86 7.461 15.38 45.14 20.24 630 12.57 30.79 6.571 12.34 56.9 14.36 800 25.57 80.96 12.73 15.14 56.59 20.73

1000 16.28 42.87 9.284 8.018 23.13 10.12 1250 13.35 28.45 10.26 8.274 18.58 3.007 1600 19.23 21.88 11.22 4.098 5.683 2.851 2000 14.47 14.93 12.89 3.934 2.931 1.956 2500 5.004 8.714 6.871 4.349 2.612 2.276 ahw 1.6 2.2 2.0 3.6 3.2 4.2

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1.6 0.18 0.476 0.215 0.116 0.208 0.251 2 0.175 0.294 0.16 0.085 0.184 0.186

2.5 0.134 0.253 0.114 0.076 0.123 0.13 3.15 0.114 0.126 0.109 0.075 0.084 0.103

4 0.103 0.129 0.131 0.089 0.069 0.083 5 0.087 0.116 0.13 0.091 0.074 0.078

6.3 0.071 0.115 0.173 0.113 0.071 0.071 8 0.072 0.073 0.158 0.1 0.06 0.064

10 0.075 0.068 0.129 0.076 0.059 0.055 12.5 0.076 0.058 0.115 0.069 0.059 0.057

16 0.08 0.059 0.112 0.064 0.06 0.058 20 0.094 0.068 0.105 0.072 0.075 0.072 25 0.116 0.088 0.155 0.108 0.108 0.124

31.5 0.142 0.119 0.251 0.153 0.143 0.177 40 0.243 0.191 0.453 0.271 0.224 0.3 50 0.362 0.604 0.872 0.411 0.301 0.438 63 0.69 0.656 1.703 1.1 0.658 0.934 80 4.852 5.732 12.1 7.116 3.377 4.854

100 5.974 6.571 15.32 9.659 4.011 5.409 125 1.536 0.852 1.843 2.894 1.522 1.033 160 2.572 2.416 2.506 3.681 3.493 3.286 200 4.39 4.583 2.949 4.187 7.302 4.816 250 5.046 8.068 4.146 11.16 8.794 8.642 315 3.804 6.91 3.122 20.45 10.61 11.64 400 3.125 6.337 2.112 25.7 16.93 18.05 500 2.979 12.89 3.285 26.33 27.14 34.74 630 2.676 21.5 3.692 20.38 30.92 45.9 800 8.472 44.27 7.793 48.06 41.32 60.24

1000 10.11 23.46 9.444 38.72 41.47 48.68 1250 10.7 11.93 12.81 39.32 21.28 42.58 1600 6.593 11.06 32.03 11.39 6.697 15.63 2000 11.18 17.17 46.75 5.099 2.979 9.296 2500 7.463 8.423 16.31 3.379 2.241 4.26 ahw 1.6 2.1 3.6 3.1 2.2 2.7

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1.6 0.048 0.055 0.041 0.047 0.058 0.039 2 0.059 0.053 0.037 0.051 0.044 0.05

2.5 0.061 0.056 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.063 3.15 0.06 0.049 0.066 0.054 0.044 0.053

4 0.058 0.039 0.077 0.063 0.041 0.085 5 0.051 0.029 0.133 0.082 0.037 0.1

6.3 0.044 0.044 0.178 0.107 0.041 0.064 8 0.049 0.056 0.17 0.088 0.044 0.049

10 0.045 0.044 0.099 0.058 0.034 0.049 12.5 0.045 0.038 0.087 0.057 0.034 0.047

16 0.048 0.039 0.083 0.043 0.04 0.037 20 0.053 0.046 0.082 0.041 0.052 0.045 25 0.06 0.054 0.09 0.058 0.062 0.064

31.5 0.087 0.085 0.139 0.124 0.091 0.111 40 0.17 0.154 0.302 0.272 0.15 0.197 50 0.345 0.345 0.595 0.555 0.247 0.311 63 0.508 0.477 1.01 0.931 0.331 0.433 80 1.514 1.299 3.097 1.592 0.528 1.329

100 22.31 17.4 41.34 16.88 4.433 17.66 125 3.516 2.328 5.343 2.462 0.995 2.331 160 2.172 1.487 1.655 1.54 2.035 1.278 200 4.424 4.899 3.148 2.755 6.417 7.048 250 4.889 5.617 3.334 7.989 7.12 4.35 315 4.349 10.72 4.932 24.05 6.981 12.59 400 2.083 5.714 1.513 24.65 12.48 16.76 500 2.391 13.91 1.775 20.55 16.95 30.7 630 1.757 32.99 3.849 17.17 21.05 36.32 800 5.803 47.86 7.227 35.67 26.53 42.26

1000 11.21 19.4 6.681 31.88 25.1 27.62 1250 8.307 6.777 8.831 18.44 12.04 22.84 1600 4.122 10.56 29.36 7.448 3.558 11.45 2000 8.331 16.88 35.63 3.672 2.187 6.368 2500 6.422 8.466 12.99 2.395 1.798 3.017 ahw 3.7 3.2 6.7 3.4 1.5 3.5

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1.6 0.369 0.159 0.063 0.134 0.296 0.09 2 0.467 0.25 0.091 0.195 0.367 0.11

2.5 0.353 0.197 0.092 0.17 0.267 0.097 3.15 0.193 0.13 0.113 0.138 0.124 0.115

4 0.181 0.118 0.178 0.148 0.117 0.175 5 0.19 0.077 0.175 0.131 0.133 0.135

6.3 0.18 0.076 0.2 0.147 0.125 0.092 8 0.175 0.069 0.235 0.171 0.122 0.09

10 0.154 0.076 0.247 0.157 0.124 0.092 12.5 0.177 0.107 0.223 0.126 0.137 0.084

16 0.193 0.137 0.195 0.109 0.139 0.08 20 0.218 0.164 0.187 0.1 0.152 0.102 25 0.253 0.201 0.203 0.115 0.193 0.154

31.5 0.299 0.254 0.305 0.184 0.248 0.198 40 0.299 0.318 0.42 0.307 0.304 0.277 50 0.343 0.543 0.638 0.54 0.352 0.401 63 0.614 0.542 1.133 1.215 0.627 0.871 80 7.28 6.72 14.37 10.31 5.662 10.27

100 7.668 5.17 12.08 9.522 4.371 8.674 125 1.346 0.914 1.354 2.736 1.31 1.143 160 1.721 2.394 2.045 3.363 3.515 4.275 200 3.066 4.02 2.695 4.389 7.5 4.708 250 3.571 7.603 4.118 11.93 9.936 8.833 315 2.917 7.697 3.364 23.98 11.6 10.79 400 2.49 6.945 2.025 28.1 17.97 17.67 500 3.366 12.44 3.367 20.39 29.75 32.97 630 2.836 29.76 3.983 22.69 33.48 38.1 800 7.927 44.48 10.06 46.84 44.09 74.07

1000 10.08 22.33 11.71 44.65 44.3 48.98 1250 8.686 12.33 11.27 36.53 21.39 38.94 1600 8.625 10.92 33.21 10.42 5.577 16.03 2000 12.39 17.52 44.1 5.254 2.909 8.232 2500 7.724 7.745 14.7 4.172 2.39 3.843 ahw 2.0 2.2 3.6 3.5 2.5 3.5

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1.6 0.366 0.165 0.077 0.168 0.358 0.181 2 0.266 0.159 0.077 0.127 0.263 0.154

2.5 0.202 0.157 0.091 0.114 0.192 0.169 3.15 0.174 0.143 0.105 0.121 0.143 0.161

4 0.166 0.1 0.119 0.117 0.135 0.15 5 0.116 0.069 0.149 0.145 0.101 0.131

6.3 0.111 0.053 0.155 0.146 0.097 0.092 8 0.092 0.041 0.135 0.116 0.075 0.074

10 0.086 0.042 0.107 0.088 0.067 0.065 12.5 0.089 0.042 0.114 0.07 0.073 0.071

16 0.097 0.049 0.118 0.08 0.086 0.08 20 0.112 0.063 0.133 0.102 0.108 0.118 25 0.168 0.087 0.209 0.153 0.18 0.215

31.5 0.226 0.114 0.312 0.214 0.242 0.312 40 0.297 0.169 0.47 0.288 0.328 0.457 50 0.755 0.734 1.576 0.471 0.421 0.621 63 0.469 0.836 1.715 1.246 0.822 1.514 80 3.65 9.87 15.66 11.13 5.454 16.24

100 2.016 4.856 6.699 9.002 3.348 4.279 125 1.206 1.471 1.418 3.465 1.671 1.307 160 2.694 2.454 3.459 4.583 4.164 4.692 200 4.277 2.711 5.029 6.052 6.679 3.82 250 8.653 7.309 9.934 14.53 11.55 10.55 315 8.813 10.05 12.42 32.81 15.54 15.1 400 9.642 11.34 10.98 32.48 19.24 22.5 500 13.74 15.01 19.32 25.11 37.25 41.81 630 17.46 26.9 16.85 24.58 37.04 45.55 800 33.99 65.02 29.82 63.68 54.85 86.01

1000 26.83 38.87 25.48 61.04 49.1 64.08 1250 15.78 31.27 23 44.61 28.33 56.62 1600 14.03 31.72 27.06 12.52 6.392 20.37 2000 15.15 23.92 29.5 6.207 3.354 10.48 2500 5.849 10.63 8.695 5.044 2.957 4.76 ahw 1.6 2.8 3.8 4.1 2.8 4.5

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1.6 0.068 0.066 0.038 0.068 0.069 0.067 2 0.083 0.1 0.055 0.088 0.075 0.077

2.5 0.082 0.101 0.055 0.083 0.075 0.084 3.15 0.061 0.089 0.054 0.093 0.058 0.09

4 0.074 0.08 0.068 0.113 0.056 0.135 5 0.1 0.079 0.112 0.098 0.067 0.123

6.3 0.077 0.049 0.168 0.095 0.062 0.075 8 0.081 0.042 0.144 0.083 0.06 0.072

10 0.09 0.063 0.116 0.078 0.065 0.066 12.5 0.099 0.074 0.111 0.083 0.068 0.079

16 0.098 0.075 0.092 0.071 0.071 0.072 20 0.101 0.091 0.091 0.077 0.079 0.087 25 0.125 0.121 0.097 0.109 0.103 0.107

31.5 0.154 0.159 0.131 0.17 0.139 0.158 40 0.213 0.205 0.228 0.241 0.195 0.237 50 0.432 0.405 0.767 0.434 0.259 0.339 63 0.334 0.434 0.549 0.966 0.35 0.48 80 0.679 1.466 1.652 2.048 0.657 2.017

100 4.971 11.83 12.91 14.09 3.52 15.8 125 0.898 1.201 1.269 1.921 0.882 1.52 160 1.603 1.013 2.08 1.721 2.195 1.439 200 5.9 4.388 6.045 4.113 7.103 5.287 250 6.766 3.677 7.231 8.479 7.403 4.356 315 8.555 10.98 11.01 18.04 7.492 11.78 400 8.507 9.659 6.728 27.84 12.31 14.84 500 10.15 13.22 12.6 23.36 16.64 27.86 630 15.78 26.32 8.379 19.15 19.62 29.84 800 29.96 40.52 12.98 40.46 26.41 38.23

1000 22.96 22.9 13.36 35.17 29.54 30.42 1250 12.07 19.36 10.53 17.32 13.99 21.34 1600 10.51 19.16 15.51 6.71 3.098 10.03 2000 8.852 11.93 16.6 3.066 1.835 5.041 2500 3.699 6.178 4.693 2.453 1.554 2.73 ahw 1.5 2.4 2.4 3.1 1.5 3.1

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1.6 0.212 0.112 0.053 0.097 0.235 0.072 2 0.105 0.093 0.046 0.089 0.189 0.066

2.5 0.102 0.081 0.054 0.088 0.203 0.082 3.15 0.096 0.09 0.072 0.097 0.158 0.094

4 0.115 0.102 0.096 0.097 0.154 0.121 5 0.097 0.091 0.125 0.093 0.134 0.139

6.3 0.101 0.101 0.142 0.128 0.103 0.086 8 0.117 0.074 0.138 0.143 0.114 0.079

10 0.118 0.069 0.111 0.119 0.099 0.078 12.5 0.135 0.096 0.123 0.109 0.106 0.073

16 0.141 0.103 0.101 0.095 0.109 0.08 20 0.166 0.138 0.114 0.101 0.14 0.106 25 0.197 0.181 0.117 0.122 0.184 0.162

31.5 0.246 0.247 0.199 0.212 0.254 0.237 40 0.339 0.392 0.447 0.445 0.364 0.361 50 0.56 0.609 1.026 0.718 0.422 0.496 63 0.536 0.715 0.937 1.278 0.655 0.868 80 1.861 2.942 3.706 4.114 2.131 2.71

100 2.414 4.59 6.077 6.23 2.934 4.35 125 1.158 0.955 1.01 2.159 1.187 0.907 160 2.532 1.695 3.043 2.752 3.014 3.104 200 5.682 3.319 5.592 3.726 7.411 6.12 250 7.274 4.73 9.174 12.14 7.715 6.678 315 8.164 9.988 10.81 22.51 9.177 11.02 400 8.079 9.206 7.649 25.58 14.75 12.34 500 10.72 12.33 12.91 21.54 25.02 23.36 630 17.77 28.53 11.99 20.51 32.44 35.14 800 32.83 58.58 23.11 55.63 40.42 66.83

1000 21.74 31.42 16.9 45.78 44.4 53.44 1250 17.8 29.7 14.37 28.61 17.32 38.33 1600 13.95 27.07 19.13 8.151 4.08 14.36 2000 11.31 14.94 21.16 4.115 2.337 7.033 2500 3.331 5.915 6.226 3.444 1.999 3.671 ahw 1.4 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.0 2.3

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1.6 0.199 0.3 0.108 0.076 0.175 0.098 2 0.171 0.223 0.1 0.095 0.159 0.109

2.5 0.165 0.166 0.121 0.105 0.128 0.12 3.15 0.127 0.224 0.156 0.122 0.09 0.114

4 0.098 0.14 0.165 0.123 0.078 0.108 5 0.08 0.096 0.188 0.13 0.064 0.101

6.3 0.073 0.089 0.227 0.142 0.062 0.105 8 0.065 0.074 0.192 0.122 0.05 0.08

10 0.051 0.058 0.139 0.08 0.037 0.072 12.5 0.043 0.048 0.123 0.065 0.039 0.066

16 0.035 0.041 0.092 0.051 0.045 0.066 20 0.04 0.044 0.1 0.061 0.07 0.1 25 0.047 0.054 0.108 0.079 0.093 0.143

31.5 0.052 0.068 0.129 0.088 0.098 0.161 40 0.06 0.062 0.12 0.079 0.073 0.125 50 0.085 0.076 0.164 0.102 0.06 0.101 63 0.211 0.185 0.447 0.298 0.097 0.158 80 3.323 3.239 7.959 4.869 0.871 2.35

100 4.805 4.496 11.35 8.495 1.597 2.888 125 0.972 0.958 2.087 2.227 0.662 0.95 160 1.977 1.104 1.796 4.014 2.829 5.822 200 3.428 2.517 3.006 2.506 5.061 9.044 250 8.079 7.054 7.001 3.667 7.423 8.668 315 10.88 7.313 2.914 5.038 8.615 11.18 400 4.649 4.202 3.248 6.463 9.37 4.973 500 3.833 8.615 6.557 16.53 22.62 6.811 630 5.228 14.45 7.359 11.09 37.59 7.105 800 5.669 17.82 5.975 5.353 19.57 4.887

1000 6.478 13.59 5.333 3.856 8.542 1.762 1250 9.988 10.98 4.491 2.696 7.335 1.696 1600 15.51 19.51 8.915 2.756 3.251 1.652 2000 9.82 16.36 10.96 3.313 2.057 1.212 2500 4.052 8.226 4.15 3.685 2.249 2 ahw 1.4 1.3 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.5

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1.6 0.097 0.066 0.035 0.056 0.094 0.115 2 0.078 0.052 0.047 0.049 0.069 0.099

2.5 0.058 0.047 0.052 0.052 0.058 0.083 3.15 0.057 0.034 0.059 0.052 0.051 0.086

4 0.051 0.029 0.072 0.071 0.05 0.102 5 0.054 0.031 0.118 0.075 0.051 0.118

6.3 0.037 0.034 0.136 0.066 0.034 0.084 8 0.033 0.036 0.119 0.058 0.029 0.067

10 0.032 0.03 0.087 0.051 0.029 0.054 12.5 0.043 0.037 0.083 0.069 0.031 0.054

16 0.039 0.036 0.056 0.054 0.038 0.059 20 0.039 0.04 0.054 0.053 0.046 0.071 25 0.049 0.051 0.045 0.065 0.073 0.12

31.5 0.052 0.057 0.051 0.074 0.072 0.125 40 0.058 0.049 0.072 0.077 0.048 0.086 50 0.091 0.14 0.187 0.126 0.049 0.099 63 0.165 0.189 0.448 0.291 0.129 0.352 80 1.729 3.42 7.906 3.204 2.683 7.759

100 5.258 9.463 22.86 9.762 5.787 16.92 125 1.024 1.221 2.764 2.885 0.818 2.237 160 2.263 0.952 1.359 4.617 3.377 7.911 200 4.561 2.389 2.844 3.366 8.154 16.02 250 5.124 4.307 4.102 2.752 5.069 6.641 315 10.83 9.145 3.803 4.305 8.417 13.29 400 3.459 3.631 5.042 8.846 11.28 6.033 500 4.337 10.63 6.78 18.57 22.42 5.999 630 6.887 23.93 6.785 11.57 36.12 4.382 800 7.872 24.46 7.138 6.309 24.6 4.06

1000 7.96 17 5.943 4.722 10.01 1.891 1250 8.566 15.57 5.648 2.91 8.074 1.846 1600 18.07 19.64 8.761 2.934 2.772 1.746 2000 9.436 12.27 8.104 2.981 1.788 1.086 2500 4.56 8.381 4.087 3.173 1.948 1.794 ahw 1.2 2.0 4.1 2.0 1.9 3.6

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1.6 0.423 0.176 0.113 0.198 0.333 0.243 2 0.377 0.197 0.112 0.171 0.291 0.204

2.5 0.162 0.119 0.097 0.099 0.119 0.106 3.15 0.123 0.09 0.126 0.112 0.112 0.104

4 0.101 0.061 0.164 0.133 0.1 0.119 5 0.098 0.051 0.203 0.131 0.091 0.148

6.3 0.078 0.042 0.186 0.12 0.063 0.113 8 0.061 0.042 0.175 0.115 0.04 0.079

10 0.059 0.041 0.148 0.109 0.036 0.062 12.5 0.064 0.047 0.153 0.124 0.032 0.053

16 0.046 0.039 0.082 0.071 0.032 0.05 20 0.041 0.039 0.054 0.056 0.036 0.053 25 0.032 0.034 0.033 0.046 0.035 0.053

31.5 0.033 0.04 0.038 0.047 0.045 0.069 40 0.039 0.043 0.055 0.055 0.039 0.062 50 0.106 0.143 0.228 0.106 0.046 0.084 63 0.435 0.377 0.758 0.557 0.21 0.45 80 6.737 5.763 11.48 8.083 3.109 7.49

100 2.419 3.585 8.599 7.678 1.534 1.989 125 1.158 0.899 1.528 2.549 0.544 1.243 160 5.267 4.032 4.825 10.03 6.229 12.64 200 2.466 2.117 2.27 3.074 3.577 7.323 250 10.69 8.466 9.191 4.712 10 12.82 315 9.848 4.493 5.233 7.004 9.862 17.59 400 6.767 4.381 3.429 4.082 11.78 5.748 500 6.166 12.7 8.054 13.91 25.93 12.92 630 7.413 19.65 7.31 11.99 34.55 9.407 800 6.52 21.85 7.169 5.894 26.8 10.98

1000 6.059 19.59 6.07 4.48 9.588 4.517 1250 8.296 14.84 5.058 3.002 5.986 1.275 1600 14.49 17.52 7.947 2.581 2.899 1.512 2000 9.433 13.9 9.099 2.563 1.937 1.143 2500 4.359 9.237 4.154 3.395 1.881 1.306 ahw 1.8 1.7 2.9 2.4 1.9 2.5

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1.6 0.325 0.203 0.069 0.085 0.31 0.076 2 0.2 0.165 0.062 0.079 0.191 0.061

2.5 0.2 0.147 0.088 0.078 0.175 0.075 3.15 0.138 0.102 0.104 0.074 0.112 0.086

4 0.09 0.068 0.119 0.08 0.069 0.095 5 0.085 0.052 0.134 0.092 0.06 0.083

6.3 0.067 0.047 0.17 0.101 0.044 0.059 8 0.047 0.044 0.137 0.084 0.032 0.047

10 0.04 0.038 0.098 0.056 0.028 0.043 12.5 0.034 0.035 0.087 0.045 0.027 0.038

16 0.029 0.032 0.066 0.036 0.026 0.033 20 0.031 0.034 0.051 0.032 0.032 0.039 25 0.032 0.042 0.062 0.039 0.044 0.061

31.5 0.032 0.052 0.089 0.048 0.049 0.068 40 0.041 0.075 0.116 0.057 0.045 0.066 50 0.158 0.517 0.437 0.131 0.108 0.073 63 0.119 0.131 0.293 0.137 0.116 0.132 80 1.33 2.21 4.848 1.771 2.187 2.569

100 3.03 2.745 6.454 1.63 1.828 1.917 125 0.798 0.865 1.437 1.16 0.597 0.302 160 1.912 2.511 3.068 3.101 2.67 2.993 200 1.767 2.136 1.559 2.343 3.631 2.738 250 4.231 6.681 2.58 6.958 8.488 5.724 315 4.504 7.008 1.027 9.505 8.882 7.365 400 2.792 4.688 0.731 15.68 7.921 5.027 500 2.384 9.478 1.278 31.76 15.13 16.89 630 2.564 14.44 2.38 19.06 26.32 27.31 800 3.362 16.37 4.052 16.54 16.35 25.98

1000 5.183 12.06 5.854 17.09 14.86 16.14 1250 5.226 8.609 6.77 11.48 7.763 14.04 1600 3.916 9.761 35.96 6.41 2.508 8.153 2000 9.735 18.43 53.72 3.594 2.143 4.852 2500 7.003 9.783 12.74 2.838 2.203 2.555 ahw 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4

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1.6 0.203 0.096 0.063 0.097 0.187 0.059 2 0.118 0.076 0.068 0.061 0.109 0.04

2.5 0.098 0.075 0.081 0.065 0.09 0.061 3.15 0.075 0.071 0.101 0.065 0.064 0.066

4 0.072 0.035 0.1 0.052 0.061 0.081 5 0.059 0.037 0.131 0.067 0.053 0.125

6.3 0.041 0.041 0.149 0.073 0.035 0.086 8 0.034 0.04 0.134 0.065 0.03 0.061

10 0.037 0.046 0.123 0.063 0.03 0.061 12.5 0.048 0.061 0.139 0.073 0.035 0.079

16 0.046 0.058 0.1 0.054 0.035 0.059 20 0.05 0.061 0.096 0.044 0.047 0.069 25 0.053 0.064 0.09 0.054 0.047 0.066

31.5 0.083 0.076 0.188 0.1 0.063 0.086 40 0.129 0.089 0.406 0.176 0.089 0.109 50 0.273 0.259 0.75 0.308 0.136 0.157 63 0.233 0.193 0.651 0.288 0.087 0.113 80 1.425 1.038 2.592 0.942 0.385 0.812

100 7.64 6.102 13.88 4.722 1.845 4.262 125 1.102 1.706 3.415 1.467 0.487 0.693 160 1.722 1.675 2.24 1.954 1.728 1.423 200 3.475 3.544 2.852 2.994 7.144 4.798 250 2.346 3.465 1.892 4.185 5.21 2.771 315 3.196 9.189 1.611 12.77 6.937 8.433 400 2.184 5.243 0.807 17.93 8.837 5.464 500 1.669 10.01 0.832 24.06 14.31 14.29 630 1.502 18.86 2.441 15 22.88 28.02 800 3.343 21.72 4.011 14.83 16.19 24.48

1000 6.133 11.67 4.797 15.57 12.89 14.33 1250 5.901 5.367 6.371 9.746 8.381 13.18 1600 3.944 10.54 29.28 4.795 2.045 7.352 2000 8.549 14.62 39.58 2.418 1.571 3.845 2500 6.287 9.753 12.65 2.423 1.756 2.35 ahw 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.4

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1.6 0.492 0.22 0.052 0.179 0.369 0.096 2 0.569 0.266 0.078 0.227 0.437 0.104

2.5 0.315 0.188 0.07 0.148 0.222 0.087 3.15 0.134 0.116 0.085 0.117 0.095 0.087

4 0.109 0.08 0.129 0.113 0.079 0.148 5 0.094 0.055 0.148 0.122 0.062 0.133

6.3 0.066 0.041 0.149 0.096 0.041 0.072 8 0.056 0.043 0.164 0.115 0.028 0.061

10 0.05 0.044 0.143 0.103 0.025 0.051 12.5 0.054 0.047 0.109 0.088 0.022 0.037

16 0.045 0.047 0.068 0.053 0.023 0.029 20 0.041 0.049 0.055 0.035 0.036 0.036 25 0.031 0.039 0.037 0.031 0.028 0.032

31.5 0.035 0.045 0.05 0.039 0.029 0.039 40 0.043 0.069 0.077 0.047 0.027 0.032 50 0.141 0.562 0.502 0.134 0.102 0.102 63 0.273 0.469 0.811 0.612 0.353 0.806 80 3.612 6.056 10.57 7.661 4.734 11.96

100 2.105 3.296 5.062 2.499 1.524 4.297 125 0.447 0.842 0.931 1.246 0.535 0.526 160 2.268 3.159 3.307 4.605 5.331 3.646 200 1.54 1.97 1.312 2.432 3.766 2.727 250 3.715 6.454 3.063 7.943 8.961 6.289 315 3.325 5.144 1.345 13.9 8.315 8.159 400 1.7 3.719 0.813 13.21 8.296 5.864 500 2.204 9.695 1.995 28.73 15.2 18.7 630 2.472 13.8 2.849 18.44 25.02 26.31 800 3.958 12.96 4.65 20.42 21.76 29.53

1000 5.078 10.58 6.084 21.7 22.58 22.23 1250 4.558 6.912 6.018 13.67 9.115 14.86 1600 5.755 8.558 27.63 5.691 2.461 7.812 2000 9.38 15.12 44 3.783 1.734 4.701 2500 5.611 7.892 10.89 3.301 1.899 2.171 ahw 0.9 1.6 2.4 2.3 1.7 2.8

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1.6 0.36 0.155 0.09 0.095 0.352 0.115 2 0.192 0.145 0.074 0.095 0.181 0.098

2.5 0.189 0.136 0.075 0.097 0.188 0.091 3.15 0.157 0.148 0.083 0.109 0.15 0.105

4 0.083 0.117 0.108 0.115 0.08 0.091 5 0.073 0.078 0.125 0.114 0.068 0.095

6.3 0.05 0.052 0.118 0.106 0.04 0.068 8 0.043 0.037 0.101 0.091 0.033 0.057

10 0.035 0.034 0.076 0.066 0.028 0.043 12.5 0.039 0.043 0.082 0.057 0.031 0.04

16 0.062 0.053 0.097 0.058 0.054 0.056 20 0.066 0.065 0.087 0.057 0.06 0.066 25 0.054 0.058 0.069 0.054 0.06 0.082

31.5 0.05 0.052 0.074 0.055 0.06 0.083 40 0.083 0.068 0.153 0.041 0.034 0.042 50 0.86 0.692 1.589 0.077 0.083 0.06 63 0.172 0.236 0.562 0.378 0.357 0.421 80 0.604 0.984 1.863 1.132 1.374 1.789

100 1.337 1.492 3.827 0.888 0.677 0.83 125 0.595 0.389 0.938 1.116 0.65 0.659 160 2.55 1.786 3.515 3.242 3.374 2.416 200 1.984 1.281 2.417 2.456 2.887 2.222 250 6.72 4.491 6.558 9.62 8.328 5.967 315 8.373 6.151 7.941 14.61 9.01 10.01 400 5.883 4.288 4.367 11.86 8.206 6.428 500 7.714 11.97 9.839 31.11 13.89 20.42 630 8.181 17.27 10.86 19.71 20.17 25.87 800 9.817 20.44 10.99 20.66 16.81 26.43

1000 9.027 13.57 9.513 18.71 19.17 18.14 1250 6.381 12.35 7.772 10.99 9.633 14.36 1600 8.084 13.78 17.94 5.526 2.494 8.505 2000 7.735 11.13 24.21 3.252 1.73 5.001 2500 2.69 5.529 4.649 3.02 2.11 2.436 ahw 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.4

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1.6 0.128 0.111 0.061 0.11 0.13 0.061 2 0.117 0.083 0.049 0.069 0.113 0.055

2.5 0.114 0.08 0.064 0.082 0.109 0.072 3.15 0.087 0.066 0.06 0.063 0.081 0.088

4 0.062 0.054 0.067 0.079 0.055 0.101 5 0.058 0.062 0.11 0.089 0.046 0.098

6.3 0.048 0.035 0.131 0.085 0.037 0.06 8 0.046 0.034 0.1 0.069 0.033 0.049

10 0.041 0.039 0.077 0.059 0.027 0.047 12.5 0.049 0.061 0.089 0.076 0.03 0.063

16 0.054 0.074 0.063 0.059 0.035 0.049 20 0.06 0.094 0.052 0.06 0.043 0.054 25 0.066 0.122 0.069 0.078 0.057 0.075

31.5 0.058 0.112 0.109 0.094 0.063 0.088 40 0.055 0.087 0.14 0.105 0.051 0.064 50 0.318 0.316 0.672 0.203 0.064 0.059 63 0.074 0.119 0.32 0.332 0.06 0.145 80 0.624 1.782 2.126 2.511 0.283 3.101

100 1.478 2.689 3.53 3.424 0.81 4.187 125 0.476 0.407 0.924 1.304 0.551 0.543 160 1.49 1.144 1.74 1.989 1.824 1.653 200 2.994 2.009 3.292 1.85 4.07 3.425 250 6.086 2.97 4.146 5.326 6.112 4.67 315 9.475 5.35 3.258 11.02 8.305 8.448 400 5.785 5.791 5.053 17.09 8.633 5.776 500 8.238 14.86 10.89 36.27 13.87 17.31 630 11.22 20.54 12.85 23.88 23.68 26.54 800 12.83 17.59 10.49 20.73 20.19 29.9

1000 10.03 14.23 8.15 18.53 18.65 16.33 1250 8.227 13.77 7.787 11.89 11.16 17.34 1600 9.589 15.41 16.62 6.693 1.821 7.913 2000 8.535 10.54 18.55 3.027 1.641 4.422 2500 3.581 6.528 4.309 2.916 1.726 2.409 ahw 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.5

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1.6 0.117 0.085 0.061 0.071 0.132 0.037 2 0.083 0.083 0.05 0.068 0.088 0.041

2.5 0.054 0.066 0.049 0.061 0.051 0.044 3.15 0.062 0.061 0.056 0.062 0.053 0.056

4 0.054 0.052 0.056 0.064 0.044 0.072 5 0.053 0.051 0.064 0.063 0.044 0.064

6.3 0.043 0.035 0.072 0.065 0.035 0.044 8 0.043 0.032 0.066 0.061 0.031 0.039

10 0.04 0.033 0.057 0.052 0.028 0.034 12.5 0.047 0.043 0.073 0.064 0.035 0.038

16 0.056 0.051 0.052 0.058 0.044 0.036 20 0.053 0.061 0.048 0.045 0.048 0.038 25 0.04 0.052 0.033 0.032 0.041 0.043

31.5 0.047 0.065 0.041 0.05 0.05 0.054 40 0.057 0.054 0.102 0.052 0.027 0.036 50 0.548 0.412 0.977 0.093 0.05 0.042 63 0.121 0.135 0.237 0.233 0.138 0.154 80 1.621 2.752 3.199 2.525 2.429 3.57

100 1.634 1.851 3.078 1.835 1.381 2.023 125 0.638 0.39 0.948 1.168 0.581 0.485 160 2.742 1.871 3.117 3.123 3.697 2.49 200 2.703 1.508 2.807 1.722 3.59 2.653 250 10.02 3.913 5.646 7.795 9.632 6.393 315 9.167 7.121 7.018 19.34 9.356 9.938 400 6.422 5.675 5.765 17.72 9.1 6.053 500 8.87 14.13 12.69 32.84 15.96 19.96 630 11.36 20.95 14.7 20.5 23.8 27.39 800 10.11 20.05 10.06 23.03 18.72 28.35

1000 9.432 16.03 8.433 20.39 24.05 20.96 1250 9.166 15.58 7.741 11.88 8.428 18.45 1600 9.892 17.53 17.84 6.411 1.979 8.979 2000 9.592 11.82 20.44 2.962 1.703 4.24 2500 2.577 4.495 4.147 2.759 1.871 2.715 ahw 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.6

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APPENDIX F – EMISSION TEST EQUIPMENT

Transducers B&K type

Serial # Sensitivity (pC/ms-2)

Date of last calibration

Ch1 4393 30021 0.298 August 2007 Ch2 4393 30026 0.318 August 2007 Ch3 4393 30135 0.299 August 2007 Ch4 4393 11877 0.324 August 2007 Ch5 4393 2259956 0.319 August 2007 Ch6 4393 30063 0.294 August 2007

4393 1873331 0.320 August 2007

14/06/07 to 14/09/07 Charge

amplifiers B&K type

Serial # Date of last calibration

Ch1 2635 1625036 February 2008 Ch2 2635 1493485 February 2008 Ch3 2635 1658804 June 2006 Ch4 2635 1493484 November 2007 Ch5 2635 1493483 March 2008 Ch6 2635 1473734 November 2007

15/09/07 to 18/10/07 Charge

amplifiers B&K type


Ch1 2635 2448012 July 2007 Ch2 2635 2448013 August 2007 Ch3 2635 2448014 August 2007 Ch4 2635 1625036 February 2008 Ch5 2635 1493485 February 2008 Ch6 2635 1658804 June 2006

28/04/08 and 09/07/08 to 16/07/08 Charge

amplifiers B&K type


Ch1 2692 02056117 March 2007 Ch2

Ch3 Ch4

2692 02056119 March 2007 Ch5 Ch6

140

B&K Pulse 3560C Serial # 2423351 January 2008 B&K Pulse LabShop software v10.1

Calibrator B&K 4294 Serial # 1688502 October 2007

141

APPENDIX G – FULL RESULTS OF EXTRA INVESTIGATIONS

142

BS EN 60745-2-3 Test Report Depressed wheel

Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 1-3: Front

Mass: Rated speed:

Feed force

Operating pressure:

Test duration:


2.6 kg rpm

40 N

psi

16.0 s

Subject 1

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a: 2.6 m/s2 z-axis 2.8 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.0 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.8 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 4.4 m/s2

K: 2.0 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 14/07/2008


Subject 2

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- type nexus z-axis 2.9 m/s2


2.5 m/s2

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143

BS EN 60745-2-3 Test Report Flat wheel

Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 1-3: Front

Mass: 2.6 kg Rated speed: rpm

Feed force 40 N

Operating pressure: psi



Subject 1

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a: 2.3 m/s2 z-axis 2.3 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.9 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.3 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 2.2 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 15/07/2008


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144


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear

Mass: Rated speed:

Feed force

Operating pressure

Test duration:


2.6 kg rpm

40 N

psi

16.0 s

Subject 1

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atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.9 m/s2 z-axis 1.2 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.0 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.0 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

total a: 4.5 m/s2

K: 1.6 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 14/07/2008

Accelerometers: - type 4393 - fastening glue - total mass 22 g

Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 0.9 m/s2

145


Tool reference: Tool B PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear


Feed force 40 N

Operating pressure psi



Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 3.0 m/s2 z-axis 0.9 m/s2

K: 1.3 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.8 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 0.8 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

total a: 3.6 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 15/07/2008


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





3.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 0.7 m/s2

146



PULSE channels 1-3: Front 100)



Feed force 60 N



rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001


x-axis a: 2.0 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.9 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

total a: 4.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 14/07/2008

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


y-axis 3.4 m/s2

z-axis 1.8 m/s2


Subject 2

100) 2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

1.6


3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:






2.1 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.9 m/s2

147



PULSE channels 1-3: Front 100Mass: 7.5 kg

Rated speed: rpm

Feed force 60 N



rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

10

1

0.1

0.01


0.001

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600




a: 1.7 m/s2 z-axis 1.2 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.9 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 1.3 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

total a: 3.6 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 14/07/2008


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 1.4 m/s2

148

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

)



PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear 100


Date: 14/07/2008

Tested by: RH

total a: 6.6 m/s2




a: 4.6 m/s2 z-axis 2.6 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.7 m/s2


z-axis




Feed force 60 N


K: 1.8 m/s2

a: 2.8 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

2 /s

2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

1.6

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/sA

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

2 )

0.01

0.1

0.01

1

10

0.1

1

10 3.

153.

15

6.3

6.3

12.5

12.5

2525

5050

100

100

200

200

400

400

800

800

1600

16

00 0.001

100

0.001









5.2 m/s2

4.4 m/s2

2.7 m/s2

149

800

1600



PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear 100Mass: 7.5 kg

Rated speed: rpm

Feed force 60 N



rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

10

1

0.1

0.01


0.001

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600




a: 3.7 m/s2 z-axis 2.3 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

total a: 5.4 m/s2

K: 1.5 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 14/07/2008


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





4.2 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.2 m/s2

150

BS EN 60745-2-3 Test Report Depressed Centre

Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 1-3: Front

Mass: Rated speed:

Feed force

Operating pressure:

Test duration:


6.8 kg rpm

60 N

psi

16.0 s

Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.1 m/s2 z-axis 3.4 m/s2

K: 0.5 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.3 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.4 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 5.2 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

Tested by: SH

Date: 09/07/2008


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.6 m/s2

151

BS EN 60734-2-3 Test Report Flat Wheel

Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 1-3: Front


Feed force 60 N




Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 1.6 m/s2 z-axis 2.0 m/s2

K: 0.4 m/s2

y-axis a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.0 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 3.5 m/s2

K: 1.1 m/s2

Tested by: SH

Date: 09/07/2008


Subject 2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m





1.7 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.2 m/s2

152

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400





- fastening glue - total mass 22 g

Accelerometers: - type 4393

Date: 09/07/2008

Tested by: SH

total a: 6.1 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

a: 3.5 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

)

Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s)

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

1.6


3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600




a: 4.8 m/s2 z-axis 3.6 m/s2

K: 0.6 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.3 m/s2


z-axis


Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear

Mass: Rated speed:

Feed force

Operating pressure

Test duration:


6.8 kg rpm

60 N

psi

16.0 s

BS EN 60745-2-3 Test Report Depressed Centre

100

0.001



4.6 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

3.4 m/s2

153

800

1600

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

154







3.6 m/s2

1.3 m/s2

2.4 m/s2


BS EN 60734-2-3 Test Report Flat Wheel

Tool reference: Tool E PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear


Feed force 60 N




100

0.001


Date: 09/07/2008

Tested by: SH

K: 1.1 m/s2

total a: 4.3 m/s2

a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

/s2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

1.6

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

2



a: 3.4 m/s2 z-axis 2.4 m/s2

K: 1.0 m/s2

y-axis a: 1.2 m/s2


z-axis


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s)

0.01

0.1

1

10 3.

15 6.3

12.5 25 50 100

200

Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s

400

800

1600

800

1600

BS EN 60745-2-3 Fabric cord


PULSE channels 1-3: Front 100)



Feed force 60 N



rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001


x-axis a: 2.5 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.0 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.4 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

total a: 4.7 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 16/07/2008

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


y-axis 3.2 m/s2

z-axis 2.1 m/s2


Subject 2

100) 2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

1.6


3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:






2.6 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.5 m/s2

155

BS EN 60745-2-3 Fabric cord


PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear 100)



Feed force 60 N



rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001


x-axis a: 4.6 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.8 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 2.9 m/s2

K: 0.8 m/s2

total a: 6.7 m/s2

K: 1.9 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 16/07/2008

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


y-axis 3.3 m/s2

z-axis 2.9 m/s2


Subject 2

100) 2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

1.6


3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:

- type 4393 - fastening glue - total mass 22 g






4.9 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.6 m/s2

156

BS EN 60745-2-3 Metal cord

Tool reference: Tool D PULSE channels 1-3: Front

Mass: Rated speed:

Feed force

Operating pressure:

Test duration:


7.5 kg rpm

60 N

psi

16.0 s

Subject 1

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


2 )


Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s



a: 2.1 m/s2 z-axis 1.9 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.4 m/s2


z-axis 100

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2 )

a: 2.1 m/s2

K: 0.9 m/s2 10

total a: 4.5 m/s2


1 K: 1.2 m/s2

0.1Tested by: RH

0.01

Date: 16/07/2008 0.001

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:






2.1 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 2.3 m/s2

157

BS EN 60745-2-3 Metal cord


PULSE channels 4-6/7-9: Rear 100)



Feed force 60 N



rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m

/s2

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001


x-axis a: 4.6 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

y-axis a: 3.7 m/s2

K: 1.2 m/s2

z-axis a: 3.1 m/s2

K: 0.7 m/s2

total a: 6.7 m/s2

K: 1.7 m/s2

Tested by: RH

Date: 16/07/2008

1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


y-axis 3.2 m/s2

z-axis 3.0 m/s2


Subject 2

100) 2 A

vera

ge a

ccel

erat

ion

(m/s

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

1.6


3.15 6.

3

12.5 25 50 100

200

400

800

1600Accelerometers:

- type 4393 - fastening glue - total mass 22 g






5.0 m/s2

Subject 3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

25 50 100

200

400

800

1600


/s2 )


1.6

3.15 6.

3

12.5

Ave

rage

acc

eler

atio

n (m



z-axis 3.0 m/s2

158

APPENDIX H – SIMULATED REAL MEASUREMENTS EQUIPMENT

Transducers B&K type

Serial # Sensitivity (pC/ms-2)

Date of last calibration

Ch1 4393 30021 0.298 August 2007 Ch2 4393 30026 0.318 August 2007 Ch3 4393 30135 0.299 August 2007 Ch4 4393 11877 0.324 August 2007 Ch5 4393 2259956 0.319 August 2007 Ch6 4393 30063 0.294 August 2007

Charge amplifiers B&K type


Ch1 2692 2056117 March 2007 Ch2 2692

Ch3 2692 Ch4 2692

2056119 March 2007 Ch5 2692 Ch6 2692

B&K Pulse 3560C Serial # 2423351 January 2008 B&K Pulse LabShop software v10.1

Calibrator B&K 4294 Serial # 2361765 October 2007

159

APPENDIX I – ANOVA TABLES

Comparison of tools at the same mounting locations

Table H1: Outcome of ANOVA for front handle – outer location a

3.7 11.6 11.8 9.8 12.2 15.1

A(AV) A s B s ns C s ns ns D s ns ns s E s s s s s

A(AV) A B C D E a 3.7 11.6 11.8 9.8 12.2 15.1

Table H2: Outcome of ANOVA for front handle – middle location a

3.3 8.0 6.4 6.2 5.9 8.4

A(AV) A s B s s C s s ns D s s ns ns E s ns s s s

A(AV) A B C D E a 3.3 8.0 6.4 6.2 5.9

Table H3: Outcome of ANOVA for rear handle – back location a

16.8 15.9 6.2 7.6 8.2 13.6

A(AV) A ns B s s C s s s D s s s ns E s s s s s

A(AV) A B C D E 16.8 15.9 6.2 7.6 8.2 13.6

160

8.4

Comparison of mounting locations on the same tool

Table H4: Outcome of ANOVA for Tool A with anti-vibration handle a

5.5 3.3 5.1 9.0 16.8

front inner front middle s front outer ns s rear front s s s rear back s s s s

front inner front middle front outer rear front rear back a 5.5 3.3 5.1 9.0 16.8

Table H5: Outcome of ANOVA for Tool A with plastic handle a

5.0 8.0 11.6 9.0 16.8

front inner front middle s front outer s s rear front s ns s rear back s s s s


Table H6: Outcome of ANOVA for Tool B a

4.1 6.4 11.8 4.3 6.2

front inner front middle s front outer s s rear front ns s s rear back s ns s s

front inner front middle front outer rear front rear back a 4.1 6.4 11.8 4.3

Table H7: Outcome of ANOVA for Tool C a

6.4 6.2 9.8 7.3 7.6

front inner front middle ns front outer s s rear front ns ns s rear back s s s ns


Table H8: Outcome of ANOVA for Tool D a

4.7 5.9 12.2 6.5 8.2

front inner front middle ns front outer s s rear front s ns s rear back s s s s

front inner front middle front outer rear front rear back a 4.7 5.9 12.2 6.5

161

6.2

8.2

Table H9: Outcome of ANOVA for Tool E a

6.0 8.4 15.1 7.9 13.6

front inner front middle s front outer s s rear front s ns s rear back s s s s


162

Published by the Health and Safety Executive 06/09


Evaluation of EN 60745 test codesBS EN 60745-2-3:2007 angle grinders –

The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) has an ongoing programme of research with the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) to investigate the relationship between manufacturers’ declared vibration emission, HSL measured emission and vibration measured during simulated real, or real use for different categories of tool.

The work described in this report assesses the standard test defined in BS EN 60745-2-3:2007 for usability and reproducibility. Angle grinders were used in this study as the other types of tools encompassed under the standard had been addressed in earlier research. The vibration emission values obtained according to the provisions of the test code were compared with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions.

The report concludes that the standard is capable of producing vibration emission values which reflect both the upper quartile of in-use vibration magnitudes at the same locations and at the BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 locations, meaning the test code produces data suitable (when combined with information about patterns of use) for estimating likely workplace exposures.

Duty holders should be advised that care still needs to be taken when using existing manufacturers’ data for the purposes of exposure assessment, unless it has been measured according to the latest version of the test code, BS EN 60745-2-3:2007. Manufacturers should be encouraged to replace earlier declaration values with values measured according to the provisions in this standard.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.

RR717

www.hse.gov.uk

Documents

Evaluation of EN 60745 test codes - Health and Safety ... · The B standard BS EN ISO 20643:2005 provides the basis for the development of the EN 28927 series. It takes the place