“Everybody Says”Everybody says

I look just like my mother.Everybody says

I’m the image of Aunt BeaEverybody says

My nose is like my father’sBut I want to look like ME.

Dorothy Aldis

How might such comparisons create self-fulfilling prophecies or put pressure on a child?

What can caregivers do to recognize, emphasize, and reinforce a child’s special uniqueness.

Chinese Proverb

“Give a man a fish, and he will not go hungry for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he will not go hungry for life.”

1. How does this idea relate to caring for children’s self-care?

2. What factors might interfere with a caregiver’s desire to teach self care?

3. How can caregivers prevent those factors from getting the way of children learning?

Chapter 11 page 347

• Read and share

• How has grant’s parents shown a sensitivity for his limited, but developing, motor skills, and for his growing need for independence.

Toddlers to Preschoolers

• Physical growth slows down after the first year.• Physical skills have tremendous growth from

one to four.• Walk – around age one – Toddler• Preschoolers – three to five – walk, hop, jump

and run• Active play to exercise their muscles and to use

up some of their stored up energy.

Height and Weight

• Children from one to three gain ½ pound a month

• Growth in height also slows about ½ of what it was during the first year.

• Heredity and Environmental influences• These influences are most noticeable after the

first birthday.

Height and WeightAverages

• One year old2’6”tall and weighs 22.5 pounds

Two year old2’10” tall and weighs 27.7 pounds

Three year old3’2” tall and weighs 32.4 pounds

Proportion and PostureTwo Year Old

• Age two – head, chest and abdomen all measure about the same and grow at same rate.

• Stands straight but not erect, stomach stick out and the head leans forward

• Knees and elbow slightly bent

Proportion and PostureBetween Two and Three

• Chest becomes larger than the head and abdomen.

• The arms, leg and trunk grow fast.• Because of changes in proportion, balance and

motor skills will improve.• By three posture is straight• Spine has strengthened and back is straighter

Teeth

• One year old – eight teeth• Two year old – eight more teeth• Third year – molars, back teeth• 20 Primary teeth

Teeth

• Quality of teeth based on diet• Diet of mother during pregnancy• Diet of child first two years• Adult teeth are formed • Dairy for strong bones and teeth

Tooth Decay

• Never put a child to bed with a bottle unless it is water.

• Causes teeth to decay and possible nerve damage.

• Crowns are required• Avoid sweets• Sugar coated cereals

Heredity and Teeth

• Some people have a protective mechanism that discourages tooth decay

Cereal

• Less than 8g of sugar per serving• At least 4g of fiber per serving• Five or fewer ingredients

• Assignment: in pairs, using Venn Diagram, read and compare cereal labels of two favorite children’s cereals.

Three Patterns of Physical Development

• Head to Foot• Near to Far• Simple to complex• Flashcards

• http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=motor-skills-development

Large Motor Skills

Small Motor Skills

Read Text

• Large Motor skills page 354• Small Motor skills page 356

Planning Nutritious Meals for Young Children

• Habits and attitudes at this stage will influence their food habits for the rest of their life.

• Need food every three to four hours• Food consumption will vary from day to day• Develop like and dislikes• Shouldn’t pressure them to eat certain foods

nor reward them

One Year Old

• Still eat baby food in addition to some table food

• Low in sugar and salt• Cut up into small pieces• Finger foods are popular• Can use a spoon• By age 2 they are able to drink from a cup

Two Year Old

• Can feed themselves• Can learn to use a fork• Improving fine motor skills• They should eat with the rest of the family• Give them plenty of time to eat

Three Year Old

• They have all of their teeth• Cut up their food small• Can use silverware

• Milk – ½ c• Vegetable – ¼ o ½ c• Fruit – ¼ to ½ c• Bread – ¼ to ½ slice• Meat – 1-2 oz

Bath Time

• Help children develop good attitudes and habits about hygiene.

• Evening baths usually work out best to help establish a bed time routine

• One year- want to wash themselves but usually only run the cloth over their face and stomach

• Two year old – wash, rinse and dry themselves with little assistance

• Three year old – needs little supervision

Bath Time

• Children can drown in a inch of water.• Never leave a child alone• Cover the bottom of the tub to prevent

slipping• Shower – no set age• Bath time

Did you Know

• Toddlers fear they will slip down the drain with the bath water

• During the summer bathing is important each day to– minimizes the skin’s absorption of insect

repellents– Reduce the drying effects of chlorine from pools– Decrease the chance of small cuts getting infected

Caring for the Teeth

• Starting at age one teach them to brush after eating

• Even children age three will need adult assistance

• Floss children's teeth and teach them how• First dental check up around eighteen months

Fluoride

• Did you know, for children flouride can be harmful

• Children swallow instead of spitting it out• Ingesting the paste can cause– White spots on the teeth– Weakening of tooth enamel– Overdose can cause vomitting– Only use a small amount of toothpaste with

young children

Sleeping

• Two years no longer take a morning nap• Call parents repeatedly• Self comforting techniques• Three years may get out of bed in the middle of

the night• Feel insecure• Fear of the dark – Childs fears are real• Adults remain calm, patient, nightlight• Do not ridicule or shame

Night Terrors

• Around the age of three• Involve screaming, sobbing, sleep walking, and thrashing

around• The child’s eyes may be open, but they will not respond• Often do not remember it in the morning• Happens more often in sleep deprived kids• If a child experiences a night terror do not wake them up.• Make sure all doors are locked so they can’t get outside• Do not discuss it with them in the morning because this

may frighten them

Dressing

• Encourage self dressing when the child starts to show an interest

• Involves the use of large and small motor skills• Adults have PATIENCE• Allow children to PRACTICE

Dressing

• Usually start around 13 to 14 months• First they learn to hold their arm out to put in

a sleeve• Learn to push the arm through a hole• Two – pull up pants, shirts still hard,

sometimes clothes get turned inside out• Three – dress independently except for

difficult fasteners and shoe laces

Choose Clothes

Choose clothes that are easy to take on and off

Comfort – allow for freedom and movementDurability – hardware and repeated washing

denim, cotton, synthetic fibers, cotton blendEconomy – rapidly outgrow

second hand stores, garage salesLet children help choose their clothes

Toilet Training

• After 18 months• There is no set age• Physically mature and emotionally ready

Toilet Training

• Control sphincter muscles. These are the muscles that control elimination.

• Recognize body sensations• Pull pants up and down• Emotionally the child is happy, has a daily

routine

Toilet Training

• Caregivers – calm, patient• No rules or punishments – we want to build

self esteem• If a child resist training they are not ready• Even after toilet trained accidents may happen

Toilet Training

• Special seat or potty chair• Flushing scares some children• Bowel training usually comes before bladder• The use of training pants• I'm a Super Duper Pooper• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0AFBToR

LSE&feature=related

Read

• Page 370• Complete Ch 11-2 study guide