evsjv‡`k †_‡K kÖg Awfevm‡bi MwZ-cÖK…wZ 2013 mvdj¨ I P¨v‡jÄ

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1

evsjv‡`k n‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg Awfevmb 2013:AR©b I P¨v‡jÄmg~n

Wt Zvmwbg wmwÏKx‡gvt ‡mwjg †iRv

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28 wW‡m¤i 2013

2

evsjv‡`k n‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg Awfevmb 2013: AR©b I P¨v‡jÄmg~n

Wt Zvmwbg wmwÏKx Ges †gvt †mwjg †iRvivgiæ, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ Av‡qi †`k wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ nIqvi †h ¯cœ Zv ev¯Íevq‡b †h wZbwU LvZ we‡klfv‡e Ae`vb †i‡L‡QZvi g‡a¨ kÖg Awfevmb Ab¨Zg| cyiæl I gwnjv Awfevmx Kg©xiv ïay ‡iwg‡UÝ cÖib K‡iB †`‡ki A_©bxvZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~b©f~wgKv †i‡L P‡j‡Q Zv bq, Zviv †`‡k Ávb,`ÿZv I cÖhyw³i ¯’ vbvš Íi NUv‡”Q| mv¤úªwZK M‡elYvq †`Lv hv‡”Q †h,K„wl †ÿ‡Î AZ¨vaywbK hš¿cvwZ, D”P djbkxj exR, KxUbvkK I ch©vß †mP Z_v K„wl AvaywbKvq‡b Awfevmx Kg©x IZv‡`I cwievieM© D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Gme cwievi A_©Kvix dmj Drcv`b,grm¨ Pvl I Lvgvi e¨¯’vcbvigva¨‡g MÖvg A_©bxwZ‡K mPj ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i µq ÿgZv e„w× MÖvg chv©‡q evRvi e¨e¯’vq cÖfve ‡i‡L‡Q|GQvovI Avgv‡`i mK‡ji Rvbv †h, weMZ bq eQi a‡i ïaygvÎ wbqwgZ ‡iwg‡UÝ cÖev‡ni Kvi‡b evsjv‡`k DØ„Ë e¨v‡jÝAe †c‡g›U-Gi ‡`k wn‡m‡e Ae¯’vb eRvq ivL‡Z †c‡i‡Q| 2000 mvj †_‡K mykxj mgv‡Ri `vwei gy‡L miKvi¸‡jvAwfevmb Lv‡Z mykvmb cÖwZôv Ki‡Z bvbv c`‡ÿc wb‡q‡Qb| 2013 mv‡j miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ ¸iæZ¡c~b© c`‡ÿcmg~nnj:- ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb bxwZ 2006 ms¯‹vi, ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb I Awfevmx Kj¨vY AvBb 2013 cÖbqb I AbjvBbwbeÜb e¨e ’v we‡K›`ªxKiY| GB wi‡cvU© 2013 mv‡j miKvi, cÖvB‡fU †m±i Ges wmwfj mgv‡Ri Awfevmb Lv‡Z AR©b IP¨v‡jÄmg~n Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|

1. evsjv‡`k n‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg Awfevmb 2013

1.1 cwimsL¨vb

evsjv‡`k n‡Z kÖg Awfevmb m‡ev© ”P N‡UwQj 2008 mv‡j| H eQi AvU j‡ÿi Dci ¯í‡gqv`x Pzw³wfwËK K©gx Kv‡RiD‡Ï‡k¨ we‡`k Mgb K‡ib| 2009 Ges 2010 mv‡j ‰ewk ¦K g›` vi Kvi‡b Zv A‡bKUvB n«vm †c‡q c Ö vqA‡a©‡K †b‡g Av‡m| cieZx© `yB eQi A_¨©vr 2011 Ges 2012 mv‡j evsjv‡`k n‡Z kÖg Awfevmb c~e©eZ©x eQ‡iiZzjbvq wKQzUv evo‡Z _v‡K| 2012 mv‡j †gvU Awfevmxi msL¨v wQj 6,07,798| 2013 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤i ch©šÍAwfevmb K‡i‡Qb 4,03,793 Rb| A_©vr 2013 mvj Awfevmx Kgx© ‡cÖi‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Lvivc eQi| weGgBwUÕi Z_¨Abyhvqx 1976 mvj n‡Z G eQ‡ii wW‡m¤i gvm ch©šÍ me©‡gvU 86 jÿ 79 nvRvi †jvK K‡g©i D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡`k MgbK‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Gi †fZi n‡Z Pzw³i †gqv` †kl K‡i KZRb wd‡i G‡m‡Qb †m m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †Kvb Kv©hµg bv_vKvq eZ©gv‡b KZRb evsjv‡`kx we‡`‡k Kg©iZ i‡q‡Qb Zv Rvbvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB| Z‡e ‡Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB GUv †f‡e†bqv wVK bq †h, 86 jÿ 79 nvRvi †jvK hviv weGgBwUÕi QvocÎ wb‡q we‡`‡k wM‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i mK‡jB GL‡bvwe‡`‡k Kg©iZ i‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`k n‡Z eQiwfwËK Awfevm‡bi wPÎ wb‡¤œi MÖvd n‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q|

evsjv‡`k n‡Z bvix Awfevmb mv¤úªwZK GKwU aviv| 1997 mvj n‡Z 2005 mv‡ji weGgBwUÕi WvUvi w`‡K `„wó wb‡ÿcKi‡j †`Lv hvq †h, H eQi¸‡jv‡Z †gvU Awfevmxi 1% GiI Kg wQ‡jb bvix Awfevmx| 2006 mv‡j A`ÿ I Avav-`ÿ bvix Kg©xi Dci n‡Z miKvix wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ci n‡Z bvix Awfevmx evo‡Q| 2012 mv‡j 37,304 Rb bvixKg©x PvKzwi wb‡q we‡`k wM‡q‡Qb| G eQi 24 wW‡m¤i ch©šÍ me©‡gvU 55,557 Rb bvix Kg©x PvKzix wb‡q we‡`kwM‡q‡Qb| †mB wn‡m‡e G eQi 24 wW‡m¤i ch©šÍ bvix Awfevmb cÖe„w×i nvi 48.93 fvM| G eQi bvix Awfevmxi msL¨vwQj †gvU †cÖwiZ Kg©xi 12.64% hv MZ eQi wQj 6.14% |

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wPÎ: 1976 mvj †_‡K 2013 mvj c©hšÍ evsjv‡`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg Awfevmb

1.2 MšÍe¨ †`k

evsjv‡`k †_‡K †ekxifvM ¯í‡gqv`x Pzw³wfwËK Kg©x g~jZ ga¨cÖv‡P¨i †`k¸wj‡Z Awfevmb K‡ib | GKB mv‡_D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K Kg©x `w¶b c~e© Gwkqvi †`k¸wj‡ZI Awfevmb K‡ib| 1976 mvj n‡Z 2012 mvj ch©šÍeQi¸‡jv‡Z ïaygvÎ ga¨cÖv‡P¨ Awfevm‡bi nvi wQj †gvU Awfevm‡bi 58.10 fvM †_‡K 97.30 fvM (me©wbgœ 58.10fvM 2007 mv‡j Ges m‡e©v”P 97.30 fvM 1991 mv‡j)| ga¨cÖv‡P¨i QqwU †`k-‡mŠw` Avie, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ,Kz‡qZ, Igvb, KvZvi Ges evnivBb evsjv‡`k n‡Z kªg Awfevmx‡`i GKwU weivU evRvi| 2012 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤i gv‡mmsh³ Avie AvwgivZ miKvi evsjv‡`k †_‡K kªwgK MÖn‡bi wel‡q wewa wb‡la Av‡ivc Kivi ci †_‡K †`kwU‡ZAwfevm‡bi gvÎv G‡Kev‡iB K‡g G‡m‡Q| G eQi 24 wW‡m¤i ch©šÍ ‡`kwU‡Z gvÎ 13,993 Rb Kg©x Awfevmb K‡i‡Qbhv MZ eQ‡ii Zzjbvq cÖvq 93.51 fvM Kg| evsjv‡`‡ki `xN©w`‡bi kªgevRvi †mŠw` Avi‡e cbtcÖ‡e‡ki †¶‡ÎI ‡KvbAMÖMwZ N‡Uwb| G eQi †`kwU‡Z gvÎ 12,640 Rb Kg©x Awfevmb K‡i‡Qb hv MZ eQ‡ii Zzjbvq 40.47 fvM Kg| GeQi †cÖwiZ †gvU Awfevmxi gvÎ 3.47fvM msh³ Avie Avwgiv‡Z Ges 3.30 fvM †mŠw` Avie wM‡q‡Qb hv MZ eQ‡iIwQj h_vµ‡g 35.45 fvM I 3.49 fvM| 2013 mv‡j me‡P‡q †ekx msL¨K Kg©x Awfevmb K‡i‡Qb Igv‡b| 24 wW‡m¤i2013 mvj ch©šÍ †`kwU‡Z 1,32,131 Rb Kg©x wM‡q‡Qb hv G eQi †gvU †cÖwiZ Kg©xi 32.73 fvM|

2013 mv‡j wØZxq ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q wm½vcyi| G eQi wm½vcy‡i †cÖwiZ Kg©xi msL¨v 59,512 hv †gvU †cÖwiZ Kg©xi 14.74 fvM|56,819 Rb Kg©x MÖnY K‡i KvZvi i‡q‡Q Z…Zxq ¯’v‡b | G eQi †`kwU‡Z †cÖwiZ Kg©xi msL¨v †gvU †cÖwiZ Kg©xi 14.07fvM| gvj‡qwkqv‡Z G eQ‡i wR Uz wRÕi Aax‡b gvÎ 1,000 Rb Kg©x wM‡q‡Qb| KvZvi bZzbfv‡e Kg©x wb‡qvM Ki‡Q †m†`‡ki wbg©vb Lv‡Z|

MZ eQ‡ii gZ G eQ‡iI bvix Awfevmx Kg©x‡`i me‡P‡q eo evRvi wQj ga¨cÖvP¨| 2013 mv‡j bvix Awfevmx Kg©x‡`icÖavb MšÍe¨ †`k wQj RW©vb (38.22%) Ges Zvi c‡i i‡q‡Q msh³ Avie AvwgivZ (23.79%), ‡jevbb(19.46%), Igvb (10.56%) Ges gwikvm (2.88%)| GQvov G eQi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K bvix Kg©x nsKs wM‡q‡Qbhv†`i †ekxi fvM M„nKg©x|

G eQi evsjv‡`k †_‡K kªg Awfevmb we‡køl‡b Av‡iKwU fvebvi w`K nj-ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Aw¯’i †`kmg~‡n (‡jevbb,

4

wjweqv, wgki, BivK, my`vb) kªg Awfevmb| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Aw¯’i †`kmg~‡n evsj‡`‡ki Kg©x†`i wbivcËvi w`KwU GL†bvLye ¯úó bq| MšÍe¨ †`kmg~n cyiæl I gwnjv Awfevmx Kg©x‡`i Kg© cwi‡ek ivgiæ I Ab¨vb¨ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZKmsMV‡bi Rb¨ D‡Ø‡Mi welq | Gme †`‡k wKQy wKQy †Kv¤úvbx‡Z Kg© cwi‡ek †gvUvgywU fvj _vK‡jI †ewkifvM ga¨cÖv‡P¨i†`k¸wj‡Z Kg †eZb, AwbqwgZ †eZb, Pzw³ f½, `xN© Kg©N›Uv, Sz©wKc~b© Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek, †bvsiv evm¯’vb, bvix Kg©x‡`iAwbivc` PjvPj Ges †hŠ_ `i KlvKwli Abycw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q| evRvi nviv‡bvi f‡q evsjv‡`k Gme mgm¨v mgvavbK‡í GeQ‡iI Ab¨vb¨ Drm †`‡ki gZ †Rviv‡jv c`‡¶c MÖnb K‡iwb| mv¤úªwZKv‡j wewfbœ AvÂwjK I AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvims¯’v Gme mgm¨v wb‡q ¸iæZ¡c~b© c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Q| A_P evsjv‡`k miKvi I Gi wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq AgjvZvwš¿Keva¨evaKZvi Kvi‡b Gme ms¯’v‡K Awfevmxi AwaKvi jsN‡bi Z_¨ bv w`‡q eis Gwo‡q P‡j‡Q| MšÍe¨ †`k¸‡jv‡Zevsjv‡`kx bvix Kg©x‡`i PjvP‡ji †¶‡Î wbivcËv memgqB GKwU wPšÍvi welq| we‡kl K‡i Mv‡g©›Um ev KviLvbvq Kg©iZbvix kªwgK‡`i †ejvq Awbivc` PjvPj n‡Z D™¢zZ mgm¨v jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q|

wPÎ: 2013 mv‡j ‡cªwiZ evsjv‡`kx bvix Awfevmx Kg©x†`i MšÍe¨ †`kmg~n

3.13% 3.47%

32.73%

14.07%6.17%3.69%

5.23%

1.78%

0.05%

0.90%

14.74%

0.53%1.18%

0.23%1.47%

1.47%

1.82%

5.27%

2.09%

KSA

UAE

Oman

Qatar

Bahrain

Lebanon

Jordan

Libya

Sudan

Malaysia

Singapore

S. Korea

Italy

Egypt

Brunei

Mauritius

Iraq

Others

Misc

5

0.09%

19.94%

7.43%

72.53%

Professional

Skilled

Semi-skilled

Less skilled

wPÎ: 2013 mv‡j bvix Awfevmx Kg©x†`i MšÍe¨ †`kmg~n1.3 `ÿZv

G eQ‡iI evsjv‡`k n‡Z kÖg Awfevm‡b Av‡iKwU AvksKvi w`K nj `ÿ Kg©xi Awfevmb n«vm cvIqv| 2011 I 2012mv‡j `ÿ Kg©xi msL¨v h_vµ‡g †gvU Kg©xi 40.34 fvM I 34.45 fv‡M †b‡g Av‡m| G eQi `ÿ Kg©xi msL¨v Av‡iv†b‡g G‡m‡Q| G eQi hviv we‡`k wM‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i gvÎ 19.94 fvM n‡jb `ÿ Kg©x (b‡f¤i 2013 ch©šÍ)| AvšÍR©vwZKkÖg evRv‡i AskMÖnbKvix wewfbœ ivóª cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q A`ÿ evRv‡i AskMÖnb Ki‡jI Zviv µgk `ÿ evRv‡i AbycÖ‡e‡ki‡Póv K‡i| kÖxjsKv I wdwjcvBb- Gi AwfÁZv GLv‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evsjv‡`‡ki †ejvq †mB ai‡bi †Kvb cwieZ©bAvgiv GLbI jÿ KiwQ bv| hw`I evsjv‡`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb bxwZi Ab¨Zg jÿ¨ `ÿ Awfevmb e„w× Kiv, Z_vwcGL‡bv ch©šÍ †m jÿ¨ ev¯Íevq‡b Kvh©Ki c`‡ÿc †Pv‡L co‡Q bv|

wPÎ: 2013 mv‡j ‡cªwiZ evsjv‡`kx Awfevmx Kg©x†`i `ÿZv

0.30%

24.25%

10.75%

3.71%19.09%

37.72%

2.79%

KSA

UAE

Oman

Qatar

Lebanon

Jordan

Mauritius

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1.4 Drm GjvKv

Awfevmx‡`i g~j Drm GjvKv wn‡m‡e G eQi cÖ_g Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q Kzwgjøv (11.37%)| wØZxq Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q PÆMÖvg(8.69%)| Kzwgjøv I PÆMÖvgmn e«vþbevwoqv (5.24%), UvsMvBj (4.88%), Pvu`cyi (4.35%), XvKv (4.23%),‡bvqvLvjx (3.92%), gywÝMÄ (3.11%) I †dbx (2.49%) wQj G eQ‡i Awfevmx Kg©x‡`i cÖavb 10wU Drm GjvKv|Ab¨vb¨ eQ‡ii gZ GeviI DËie½ †_‡K D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K Kg©x Awfevmb K‡ibwb| G AÂj †_‡K AvšÍR©vwZK Awfevmbevov‡bvi cwiKíbv _vK‡jI ev¯Í‡e Zvi †Kvb cÖfve c‡owb| 2013 mv‡j bIMuv †_‡K Awfevmb K‡i‡Qb 2,798(0.71%), bv‡Uvi 1,983 Rb (0.50%), KzwoMÖvg †_‡K 1,98 Rb (0.28%), bxjdvgvwi †_‡K 873 Rb (0.34%),MvBevÜv †_‡K 1,496 (0.38%) Ges iscyi †_‡K gvÎ 1,213 Rb (0.31%)| wb‡Pi MÖvd †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, `vwi ªcxwoZ ivRkvnx I iscyi wefvM n‡Z kÖg Awfevmb n‡q‡Q me‡P‡q Kg| cwiKíbv Kwgkb-Gi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx †hmeGjvKvq Awfevmb evo‡Q †m me GjvKvq `wi ª †jv‡Ki msL¨v Kg‡Q| Zvn‡j `vwi ª cxwoZ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z Awfevmb†KDrmvwnZ Ki‡Z †Kb †Kvb we‡kl c`‡ÿc MÖnb Kiv n‡”Q bv Zv LwZ‡q ‡`Lvi welq|

wPÎ: 2013 mv‡j ‡cªwiZ evsjv‡`kx Awfevmx Kg©x†`i Drm GjvKv

1.5 cÖZ¨vewZ©Z Kg©x

mwVK Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv bv _vKvq G eQi KZRb Awfevmx KvR †kl K‡i bv K‡i †`‡k wd‡I G‡m‡Q Zvi †Kvb wn‡mecvIqv hvqwb| Z‡e 2013 mv‡ji AvM÷ gvm ch©šÍ 19,749 Rb Kg©x AvDUcvm wb‡q †`‡k wW‡cv‡U©W n‡q‡Qb| Z‡_¨iAfv‡e we‡`k †diZ Awfevmx Kg©x‡`i mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK cybe©vm‡b miKvix ev †emiKvix †Kvb D‡`¨vM ev¯Íevqb Kivhv‡”Q bv | Gme Kg©x‡`i †Kvb Re †cvU©vj bv _vKvq Zv‡`i AwR©Z `¶Zv †`‡k Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hv‡”Q bv |

1.6 †iwg‡UÝ

`xN© w`b a‡i †iwg‡UÝ e„w×i m~PK AZ¨šÍ BwZevPK _vK‡jI G eQi cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ †iwg‡U‡Ý Avgiv FYvZ¥K †¯ªvZ†`L‡Z †cjvg| 2013 mv‡ji 20 wW‡m¤i ch©šÍ 13.47 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi mgcwigvb †iwg‡UÝ evsjv‡`‡kG‡m‡Q| G eQ‡ii c~e©eZ©x gvm¸‡jvi †iwg‡UÝ cÖev‡ni aviv GKB iKg _vK‡j 2013 mv‡j †gvU †iwg‡U‡Ýi cwigvb`vuov‡e cÖvq 13.79 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡ii KvQvKvwQ| GwU MZ eQ‡ii Zzjbvq cÖvq 2.76% Kg| 2010 mvj n‡Z Kg©x

7

†cÖi‡b †h bx¤œgywL cÖebZv ZviB mvgwMÖK djvdj Avgiv †iwg‡UÝ cÖev‡ni †ÿ‡Î †`L‡Z cvw”Q| MZ eQ‡ii gZ G eQiIb‡f¤i gvm ch©šÍ m©evwaK †iwg‡UÝ cÖ vbKvix †`k †mŠw` Avie (23.91%), msh³ Avie AvwgivZ wØZxq ¯’v‡b(19.22%), Ges gvwK©b h³ivóª Z…Zxq ¯’v‡b (14.83%) i‡q‡Q| Gi c‡i Kz‡qZ (8.21%) gvj‡qwkqv (7.22%) Ih³ivR¨ (6.59%) ‡_‡K †iwg‡UÝ G‡m‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ eQ‡ii Zzjbvq G eQi gvj‡qwkqv †_‡K AvbyôvwbK c‡_ †iwg‡U݆cÖi‡bi nvi †e‡o‡Q|

wPÎ: 2013 mv‡ji †iwg‡UÝ cÖevn

1.7 Awf‡hvM

cÖZvwiZ Awfevmx‡`i mnvqZv cÖ v‡bi j‡¶¨ weGgBwU yBfv‡e Awf‡hvM MÖnb K‡i _v‡K: AbjvBb I m‡iRwgb|ivgiæÕi KvwiMwi mn‡hvwMZvq weGgBwU 2009 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤i †_‡K AbjvBb Awf‡hvM e¨e¯’v Pvj K‡i Ges PvjnIqvi ci †_‡K G eQi 24 b‡f¤i 2013 ch©šÍ AbjvB‡b me©‡gvU 520wU Awf‡hvM Rgv c‡o‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 309 wU †Zwm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, 206 wU †Z ïbvbx n‡q‡Q Ges 5 wU †Z Z`šÍ Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| 2013 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix †_‡K 24b‡f¤i ch©šÍ †gvU 20 wU Awf‡hvM Rgv c‡o‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 7 wU‡Z wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, 8wU †Z ïbvbx n‡q‡Q Ges 5wU‡Z Z`šÍ Pjgvb| †h 7wU Awf‡hv‡M wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ 4 wU‡Z †gvU 1,15,000/= UvKv †diZ †c‡q‡QAwf‡hvMKvix| evKx 3 wU †Z ev`x cÿ Abycw ’Z _vKvq wm×všÍ M„nxZ nqwb| Awf‡hv‡Mi msL¨v n‡Z GwU cÖwZqgvb nq ‡h,Awfevmb Lv‡Z †h cwigvb cÖZvibv N‡U Zvi Lye mvgvb¨ Ask mvwj‡ki Rb¨ Av‡m|

2. Awfevmb Lv‡Z MyiæZ¡c~b© NUbvejx: 2013

2.1 miKvwi ch©v‡q gvj‡qwkqvq Kg©x †cÖiY

2012 mv‡ji 26 b‡f¤^i gvj‡qwkqv I evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii g‡a¨ Kg©x †cÖiY I MÖn‡bi mg‡SvZv ¯§viK ¯^v¶wiZ nq|Awfevm‡bi D”P e¨q n«vm Ges gvj‡qwkqv miKv‡ii B”Qv‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q evsjv‡`k miKvi Government toGovernment (G2G) cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Kgx© †cÖi‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bq| miKv‡ii GB D‡`¨vM‡K wmwfj mgv‡Ri wewfbœAskmn A‡b‡KB GKwU BwZevPK c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| gvj‡qwkqvi mv‡_ 2007 mv‡ji mg‡SvZv Pzw³iAwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K Avkv Kiv n‡qwQj †h, cieZx© `yB †_‡K wZb eQ‡i AvovB †_‡K cuvP j¶ †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb n‡egvj‡qwkvq (The Daily Star, The Dhaka Tribune)| wKš‘ G2G e¨e¯’vi KvVv‡gvMZ I Ab¨vb¨ RwUjZvi Kvi‡b

8

MZ GK eQ‡i gvÎ 1,000 Kgx© ‡cÖib Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| gvj‡qwkqvi wewfbœ wb‡qvMKZ©v, AvDU‡mvwm©s †Kv¤úvbx,evsjv‡`k wgk‡bi Kg©KZ©v, GbwRI cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z ivgiæ GB wmÜv‡šÍ DcbxZ nq †h, cÖv_wgKch©v‡q G2G Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡j gvj‡qwkqvq wb‡qvMKZ©v‡`i ms‡M †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i Zv‡`i AbjvB‡b Pvwn`v c‡Îigva¨‡g †jvK msMÖ‡n DØy× Ki‡Z cÖvB‡fU †m±‡ii gv‡K©wUs w¯‹j m¤úbœ gvj‡qwkqvb Ziæb Kgx© wb‡qvM †`qv cÖ‡qvRbwQj| ZvQvov Qwe‡Z wc‡·‡ji Specification, wdsMvi wcÖw›Us BZ¨vw` wel‡q h‡_ó bRi`vix cÖ‡qvRb wQj|wb‡qvMKZ©v‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, LmL‡m nvZ Ges †cvov Pvgovi MÖvgxb †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl‡K †P‡qwQjZviv | cøvb‡Ukb AZ¨šÍ KwVb KvR Ges GB Kv‡R Zviv wkw¶Z I K‡Vvi cwikª‡g Abf¨¯Í Kgx© wb‡Z AbvMÖnx| G2G †Kmv_©K Ki‡Z n‡j AvR‡Ki GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †h `xh© mgq evsjv‡`k‡K w`‡Z n‡e †mB mgq evsjv‡`‡ki nv‡Z†bB| G2G-Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ¯í msL¨vi †jvK cvVv‡”Q A_P gvj‡qwkqvq †h kÖwgK Pvwn`v Zv cÖib n‡q hv‡”Qgvqvbgvi I †bcv‡ji kÖwgK Øviv| GB Ae¯’vq gvj‡qwkqvi kÖg evRv‡i wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb `„p Ki‡Z n‡j GLwb mgq G‡m‡QG2G bxwZi c~bg©~j¨vqb I cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b mva‡bi|

2.2 AwbqwgZ c‡_ Awfevmb

evsjv‡`k n‡Z AwbqwgZ Awfevmb GKwU eo mgm¨v| †UKbvd †_‡K mgy ªc‡_ gvj‡qwkqv Mgb, Bivb, wjweqv,gi‡°v GeswZDwbwkqv n‡q BD‡ivc †XvKvi †Póv Gme Lei eQi Ry‡o cÎ-cwÎKvq D‡V G‡m‡Q| AwbqwgZ Awfevm‡b GKRbAwfevmx AwaK SuywK wb‡q we‡`k Mg‡b B”QzK nb Ges †ekxifvM ‡¶‡Î cÖZvibv, †avuKvevwR, Ab¨vq Ryjg Ges g„Zz¨igy‡L cwZZ nb | G eQi †mŠw` Avie I gvj‡qwkqv †_‡K A‡bK evsjv‡`kx Kg©x‡K †Rvic~e©K †diZ cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q|A‡b‡KB MšÍe¨ †`‡k †Rj ev AvUK wkwe‡i AvUK c‡o Av‡Qb| mgy`ªc‡_ gvj‡qwkqv cvVv‡Z Zrci msNe× PµwUwgwWqv I cÎ-cwÎKvq wPwýZ n‡jI miKvi GLv‡bv ch©šÍ G ai‡bi A‰ea wb‡qvMKvix‡`i weiæ‡× †Kvb „óvšÍg~jKkvw¯iÍ e¨e¯’v MÖnb K‡iwb|

2.3 D”P Awfevmb e¨q

2013 †m‡Þ¤i n‡Z b‡f¤i ch©šÍ ivgiæ 6wU †Rjv‡Z “Impact of migration on poverty” wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elbvi gvVch©v‡qi KvR mgvß K‡i| GwU ivgiæ Ges mv‡m· wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKwU †hŠ_ M‡elbv| GB M‡elbvq †`Lv hvq †h, hviv GeQ‡i †mŠw` Avi‡e Awfevmb K‡i‡Qb Zviv 10 †_‡K 12 j¶ UvKv Awfevmb LiP wn‡m‡e e¨q Ki‡Qb Ges hviv KvZv‡ihv‡”Qb Zviv 7 †_‡K 8 j¶ UvKv LiP K‡i‡Qb| gvj‡qwkqv‡Z G to GÕi gva¨‡g gvÎ 1,000 Kgx© †M‡jI cÖwZ w`b, QvÎwfmv, Tourist Visa wb‡q eû msL¨K Kg©x gvj‡qwkqv‡Z hv‡”Qb| G‡`i LiP co‡Q 3 †_‡K 4 j¶ UvKv| miKv‡iiAwfevmb e¨vq n«v‡mi Kvh©µ‡gi ev¯Íe †Kvb Kvh©KvwiZv ‡`Lv hv‡”Q bv|

2.4 AbjvBb †iwR‡÷ªkb

miKvi 2013 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m cwÎKvq weÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g gvj‡qwkqvq cøv‡›Ukb †m±‡i KvR Kivi Rb¨ †`ke¨vcxAbjvBb †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi Avnevb Rvbvq| G cªwµqvq 14 jÿ †jvK †iwR‡÷ªkb K‡i| GB WvUv‡eR n‡Z G ch©šÍ gvÎ 1,000†jvK gvj‡qwkqv hvq| MZ 22 †m‡Þ¤i miKvi cybivq AbjvBb †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi Avnevb Rvbvq| XvKv I ewikvj wefv‡M2,04,000 †jvK bvg wbeÜb K‡i| PvKzwii Pvwn`vcÎ QvovB GB †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi KvibwU mK‡ji Kv‡Q GLbI A¯úó|

3. AvBbMZ I cÖwZôvwbK cwieZ©b

3.1 ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb I Awfevmx Kj¨vb AvBb 2013

9

Awfevmb †¶‡Î 2013 mv‡j miKv‡ii me‡P‡q eo AR©b ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb I Awfevmx Kj¨vY AvBb-2013 cÖeZ©b|`xN©w`b a‡i AvBbwU wewfbœ cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q GwM‡q hvq Ges G eQi 23 A‡±vei RvZxq msm‡` KÚ †fv‡U cvk nq|AvBbwU 9wU Aa¨v‡q wef³ Ges 49wU aviv m¤wjZ| cÖ_gev‡ii gZ GB AvB‡bi Aax‡b †Kvb Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †dŠR`vixgvgjv `v‡qi Kivi AwaKvi Ges ¶wZc~ib Av`v‡q †`Iqvbx gvgjv `v‡qi Kivi AwaKvi Awfevmx I Zvi cwievi‡K cÖ vbKiv nq | GwU Awfevmx‡`i GKwU weivU cÖvwß | Z‡e GB AvB‡bi gyLeÜ 1990 Gi Awfevmb welqK UN Convention‡K Avg‡j wb‡jI ILO-Gi Kb‡fbkb b¤i 97 (ms‡kvwaZ 1949), mycvwik b¤i 86 (ms‡kvwaZ 1949), wbMÖng~jKAe¯’vq Awfevmb Kb‡fbkb 143 Ges Awfevmb‡`i cÖwZ mg-my‡hvM I AvPib msµvšÍ `wjj-1975 ewY©Z AwaKvi¸‡jvwmwfj mgv‡Ri Dc‡h©vcwi `vexi c‡iI D‡jøL Kiv n‡Z miKvi weiZ †_‡K‡Q| Awfevmx Kgx©i AwaKvi Av`v‡q GBmeKb‡fbkb ewY©Z AwaKvimg~n‡K ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb I Awfevmx Kj¨vY AvBb-2013 †Z wbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRbwQj|

4. Awfevmx‡`i †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb I Kvh©µgmg~n

4.1 I‡qR Avbvm© Kj¨vb Znwej

ewnM©vgx Awfevmx Kg©x‡`i wbKU n‡Z msM„nxZ Kj¨vY Puv`v, wgkb mg~‡n M„nxZ Kbmy¨jvi wdÕi Dci 10% nv‡i mviPvR©,`~Zvevm KZ©„K PvKzixi KvMRcÎ mZ¨vqb wd BZ¨vw` eve` msM„nxZ UvKv wb‡q 1990 mv‡j m„wó Kiv nq I‡qR Ab©vm© Kj¨vYZnwej| ïiæ‡Z Awfevmx Kgx©i wbKU n‡Z Kj¨vY wd eve` 100 UvKv MÖnb Kiv nZ hv ch©vqµ‡g e„w× cvq 1,000 n‡Z1,300 UvKv ch©šÍ| 2013 mv‡j ‡Kvb hyw³msMZ Kvib QvovB G‡K evwo‡q Awfevmx‡`i †_‡K †bqv Puv`vi cwigvb cÖvq wظbK‡i Non-attested VisaÕi Rb¨ 2,000 UvKv Ges Embassy Attested VisaÕi Rb¨ 2,500 UvKv Kiv nq|`yf©vM¨ekZ kªwgK‡`i wd n‡Z †h wekvj Znwej ˆZix n‡q‡Q Zv mivmwi kªwgK‡`i Kj¨v‡Y Lye KgB e¨q nq| Awfevmx Kgx©iPuv`v 1,150 UvKv a‡i AsK Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, 2005 mvj †_‡K 2013 mvj ch©šÍ mZ¨vqb, Kbmy¨jvi wd BZ¨vw` n‡Z Avqev` w`‡q ïaygvÎ Awfevmx Kgx©i Puv`v n‡Z weGgBwU msMÖn K‡i‡Q cÖvq 550 †KvwU 56 j¶ UvKv| 2005 mvj †_‡K 2013mvj ch©šÍ 37 †KvwU 12 j¶ 62 nvRvi UvKv jvk mrKvi eve` Ges 49 †KvwU 31 j¶ 11 nvRvi 814 UvKv g„Z Awfevmxi¯Rb‡`i cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU‡K Awfevmx‡`i mivmwi †mev wn‡m‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi evB‡i GB Znwej g~jZ e¨eüZn‡q‡Q Ggb me Kv‡R hvi A‡_©i †hvMvb nIqv DwPZ wQj iv‡óªi ivR¯^ ev‡RU n‡Z| cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK m„wó, cÖevmx Kj¨vYgš¿bvj‡qi feb ˆZix, weGgBwUÕi cÖwk¶Y feb ˆZix, †jevi GU¨v‡k ev I‡qj‡dqvi Awdmvi wb‡qvMmn bZyb evRvi†LuvRvi †hŠw³KZvq wewfbœ D”P ch©v‡qi ivóªxq AvšÍR©vwZK mdi eve` GB UvKv e¨eüZ n‡”Q| I‡qR Avb©vm© Kj¨vY Znwe‡jiG‡nb e¨envi A‰bwZK Ges ªæZ GB Znwe‡ji e¨enviwewa cwieZ©b K‡i Awfevmx‡K mivmwi †mev`v‡b LiP Kivi `vexRvbvw”Q|

4.2 wiµzwUs G‡RwÝ

wmwfj mgvR Ges wgwWqv `xN© w`b a‡i Awfevmx msMÖn I †cÖi‡bi ‡¶‡Î wiµywUs G‡Rw݇`i `vqe×Zvi Afve‡K Rbmg‡¶Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| AwaK Avwfevmb e¨vq, GK Kv‡Ri bv‡g Ab¨ Kv‡R †cÖib, ‡eZb bv †`Iqv, Pzw³ c~b¯’vcb mn wewfbœ fv‡eKg©xiv cÖZvwiZ n‡q‡Q Ges `vjvj, Uªv‡fj G‡R›Umn jvB‡mÝavix wiµywUs G‡RwÝi GKvsk mK‡jB Kg †ewk GB me K‡g©imv‡_ hy³ e‡j miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q | MZ 2 eQi a‡i miKvi GB welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i `vqe×Ki‡Z AvBb cÖbqbmn wewfbœ c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Q| wb‡RB wewfbœ †`‡ki mv‡_ G2G K‡i †jvK †cÖi‡bi cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q|

weGgBwUÕi Z_¨ Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b jvB‡mÝavix ˆea wiµzwUs G‡RwÝi msL¨v 852| 2012 mv‡j 52 wU Ges 2013 mv‡j 7 wUbZzb wiµzwUs G‡RwÝ †K jvB‡mÝ cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b miKvi wiµywUs G‡RwÝi Kg©cwiwa mxwgZ K‡i‡Q †m‡¶‡Î bZzbjvB‡mÝ cÖ v‡bi welqwU mvavib gvbyl‡K GwU fve‡Z DØy× K‡i †h, Gi m‡½ D”P ch©v‡qi ivRbxwZwe`‡`i ¯v‡_©i mswkøóZvi‡q‡Q| 2013 mv‡ji wiµyU‡g›U Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, miKvi wewfbœ †`‡ki mv‡_ G2G K‡i †jvK

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‡cÖi‡bi ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q, bZzb evRvi Lyj‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, Awfevmb AvksKvRbKfv‡e K‡g hv‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K D”P Awfevmbe¨q AviI D”PZi n‡”Q| GB Ae¯’vq ivgiæ g‡b K‡i †h, miKv‡ii regulatory f~wgKvq wd‡i hvIqv cÖ‡qvRb GeswiµzwUs G‡RwÝmg~n‡K `vqe× K‡i †jvK †cÖi‡b mnvqZv cÖ vb Kiv `iKvi|

4.3 cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK

2011 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m I‡qR Ab©vm© Kj¨vY Znwej n‡Z 95 †KvwU Ges miKvi n‡Z 5 †KvwU Gfv‡e †gvU 100 †KvwUUvKv cyuwR wb‡q cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK m„wó nq| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q e¨vsKwU‡K AvaywbK cÖhyw³ wbf©i GKwU e¨vs‡K cwibZ Kivij¶¨ _vK‡jI Gi Kgx© wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î e¨vcK A¯”QZv cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| wewa cÖbqb mgvß bv K‡i cÖvq 22wU kvLv †Lvjvn‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡Z ‡jvK wb‡qvM ‡`qv n‡q‡Q| 2013 mv‡j †h 4 j¶ Kgx© we‡`k wM‡q‡Qb Zvi 1,567 Rb‡K cÖevmx Kj¨vYe¨vsK FY cÖ v‡b m¶g n‡q‡Q| cÖZ¨veZx©Z Awfevmx‡`i Enterprise m„wó DrmvwnZ K‡i Ggb †Kvb m„wógyLx cÖKí e¨vsKwUnv‡Z wb‡Z cv‡iwb| G eQ‡i gvÎ 60 Rb cÖZ¨veZx©Z Awfevmx‡K e¨vsKwU 1 †KvwU 70 j¶ UvKv FY wn‡m‡e cÖ vb Ki‡Z†c‡i‡Q|

4.4 gvV ch©v‡q miKvix Kvh©µg: †Rjv Rbkw³ I Kg©ms¯’vb Awdm

Awfevmx‡`i †mev cÖ v‡bi j‡¶¨ we.Gg.B.wUÕi Aax‡b evsjv‡`‡ki 42wU †Rjvq †Rjv Rbkw³ I Kg©ms¯’vb Awdm(wWBGgI) i‡q‡Q| wWBGgI Awdm¸‡jvi cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv g~j¨vqb K‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 42wU Awd‡mi 20wU†ZB †KvbKg©KZ©v †bB| mnKvixivB KvR Pvwj‡q wb‡”Qb| Gme Awd‡m hZ c` i‡q‡Q Zvi 50 fvMB k~b¨ c‡o i‡q‡Q| G‡`icÖwkÿbI we‡klfv‡e nq bv| cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e `~e©j Gme Awdm †Kvbfv‡eB Awfevmx‡`i †mev w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv| d‡jwe‡K›`ªxKiYI NU‡Q bv|

4.5 gvbe m¤ú` Dbœqb I we.Gg.B.wUÕi wUwUwm mg~n

we.Gg.B.wUÕi Awa‡b 38 KvwiMix cÖwkÿb †K›`ª i‡q‡Q Ges 10wU wbgv©bvaxb KvwiMix cÖwkÿb †K› ª Pvjy nIqviA‡cÿvq i‡q‡Q| MZ eQi me wgwj‡q cÖvq 65,000 cÖwkÿbv_©x wewfbœ †gqv‡` cÖwkÿb MÖnb K‡iwQj| G eQi b‡f¤ich©šÍ cÖvq 75,000 cÖwkÿbv_©x wewfbœ †gqv‡` cÖwkÿb MÖnb K‡i‡Q| cÖwkÿb †K› ª ‡jv‡ZI Rbej msKU Zxeª AvKviavib K‡i‡Q| 2013 mv‡j bZzb †Kvb cÖwkÿK wb‡qvM †`qv nqwb| AwaKš‘ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K cÖwkÿK Aemi MÖnbK‡i‡Qb| Gme cÖwZô‡b Aa¨ÿ I Dcva¨‡ÿi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z BÝUªv±iivB cÖwkÿb †K› ª ‡jv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| hw`IcÖwZ eQi 20,000 cÖwkÿbv_©x‡K cÖwkÿb †`qvi mvg_© i‡q‡Q, G msL¨vi wZb¸b cÖwkÿbv_©x cÖwZ eQi cÖwkÿb MÖnbKi‡Q| 2013 mv‡j bZzb †Kvb †UªW ev KvwiKzjvg Pvjy nqwb| G eQi cyi‡bv ‡Uª‡W Ávb cÖ v‡bi Rb¨I †Kvb wUIwU cÖ vbKiv nqwb| Aa¨ÿmn †gvU 100 Rb cÖwkÿK‡K wek¦e¨vs‡Ki STEP cÖ‡R‡±i Aax‡b cÖkvmwbK cÖwkÿb c Ö` vb Kivnq|

4.6 ‡jevi GU¨v‡k

MšÍe¨ †`kmg~‡n Awfevmx‡`i Kvw•LZ †mev cvevi †ÿ‡Î wewea RwUjZv i‡q‡Q | ivgiæÕi mv¤úªwZK GK M‡elbvq †`LvwM‡q‡Q †h, 2013 mv‡j Awfevmx‡`i wbKU n‡Z cÖvß Awf‡hvMmg~‡ni cÖvq 80% wQj cvm‡cvU© bevqb msµvšÍ`xN©m~wÎZv, †gwkb wi‡Wej cvm‡cvU© cÖ v‡b AwaK wej¤, Awfevmx AevÜe ’v‡b G‡¤mx ’vcb, G‡¤mx †Z cvwbq R‡jimsKU, A‡cÿvi Rb¨ †Kvb mywbw`©ó ¯’vb bv _vKv, Uq‡jU e¨e¯’v cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx bv _vKv Ges GKB Kv‡R AKvi‡bwØZxq Z„Zxq evi G‡¤mx‡Z Avmv cÖms‡M| mvavibfv‡e Gme Awf‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ ‡jevi GU¨v‡kMb‡K ‡`vlx mve¨¯Í Kiv nq|hw`I Gme †mevi AwaKvskB ciivóª gš¿bvj‡qi GLwZqvif³| cÖvwZôvwbK ¯v‡_©i Kvi‡b ciivóª gš¿bvjq I ‡jevi

11

GU¨v‡kM‡bi g‡a¨ mgšqnxbZv I †hŠ_ Aswk`vwi‡Z¡i Afve cwijwÿZ n‡”Q| Gi d‡j G‡¤mx †_‡K ªyZZvi mv‡_Kvw•LZ †mev Awfevmxiv c v ‡ ” Q b b v | ‡jevi GU¨v‡kMb ïaygvÎ kÖwgK-gvwjK Ø›`¦, Awfevmxi g„Zy¨, †diZ cvVv‡bv,†R‡j AvUKK…Z evsjv‡`kx Awfevmx‡`i mbv³ Kiv BZ¨vw` Kv‡R RwoZ| †gwkb wi‡Wej cvm‡cv‡U©i Kv‡R ciivóªgš¿bvjq Zv‡`i‡K hy³ K‡i bv| d‡j †gwkb wi‡Wej cvm‡cvU© cÖ v‡b †jvKej bv _vKvq e¨vcK mgq jv‡M| 2015 mv‡ji31 gv‡P©i g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mKj Awfevmx‡K †gwkb wi‡Wej cvm‡cvU© cÖ vb bv Ki‡j cÖvq 45 jÿ Awfevmx åg‡bi†ÿ‡Î Zxeª msK‡U co‡eb|

4.7 Awfevmb Lv‡Z mykxj mgv‡Ri f~wgKv

`xN©w`b a‡i Awfevmb Lv‡Z mykxj mgvR ¸iæZ¡c~©b f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| 2013 mv‡j WARBE DF,OKUP,BRAC Ges RMMRU GK‡Î c Ö vq 10,000 Rb AMÖnx Awfevmx‡K wewfb œ ai‡bi cÖwkÿb cÖ vb K‡i‡Q|GQvovI Gme cÖwZôvb MÖvg ch©v‡q 673 wU Rbm‡PZbZv g~jK Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvq 6,38,486 Rb e¨w³‡K Awfevmbwel‡q m‡PZb K‡i‡Q| ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q mvwj‡ki gva¨‡g †gvU 129 wU Awf‡hv‡Mi gxgvsmv K‡i Gme cÖwZôvb cÖvq 59 jÿUvKv Awfevmx‡K wd‡i †c‡Z mvnvq¨ K‡i‡Q| MZ eQi Migrants Forum in Asia (MFA)-Gi mnvqZvq

RMMRU, WARBEDF, ACD, Ain o Salish Kendro XvKvq 2nd UN High Level Dialogue-GicÖv°v‡j GKwU civgk©g~jK Av‡jvPbvi A‡qvRb K‡iwQj| G eQi 20 GwcÖj †m Av‡jvPbvi Dc‡i A‡iKwU d‡jv- AvcAv‡jvPbv AbywôZ nq Ges G Av‡jvPbvi wewfbœ Bmy¨wfwËK civgk© wbD B‡qv‡K© AbywôZ UN High Level Dialogue-GDc¯’vcb Kiv nq |

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