M`¨vsk

--------------------

1. fve I KvR

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899)

†jLK-cwiwPwZ :

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg 1899 wLªóv‡ãi 24‡k †g (1306 e½v‡ãi 11B ˆR¨ô) ea©gvb †Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj gnKzgvi Pziæwjqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|

wZwb we`¨vj‡qi covïbv †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| `kg †kÖwYi QvÎ _vKvKv‡j cÖ_g wek¦vhy× ïiæ n‡j wZwb ¯‹zj †Q‡o evOvwj cë‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib|

hy× †kl n‡j 1919 wLªóv‡ã evOvwj cëb †f‡O †`Iqv nq| bRiæj KjKvZvq wd‡i G‡m mvwnZ¨PP©vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| G mgq mvßvwnK

ÔweRjxÕ cwÎKvq Zuvi Ôwe‡ ªvnxÕ KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ n‡j Pviw`‡K mybvg Qwo‡q c‡o| Zuvi KweZvq civaxbZv I Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn D”PvwiZ

n‡q‡Q| AwePvi I †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× wZwb cÖej cÖwZev` K‡ib| GRb¨ Zuv‡K Ôwe‡ ªvnx KweÕ ejv nq| Zuvi iPbvewj Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi GK

D¾¦j `„óvšÍ|

KweZv, msMxZ, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ I Mí-mvwn‡Z¨i mKj kvLvq Avgiv Zuvi cÖwZfvi D¾¦j cwiPq †c‡q _vwK| wZwb mvg¨ev`x †PZbvwfwËK

KweZv, k¨vgvmsMxZ, Bmjvwg Mvb I MRj wj‡L h‡_ó cÖksmv †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi e¨env‡i KzkjZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| `yf©vM¨ †h, gvÎ

†ZZvwjøk eQi eq‡m wZwb KwVb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nb Ges Zuvi mvwnZ¨mvabvq †Q` N‡U| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1972 mv‡j Kwe‡K mcwiev‡i

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k Avbv nq| 1974 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wW.wjU Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| 1976 mv‡j wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¦ I

GKz‡k c`K cvb| wZwb Avgv‡`i RvZxq Kwe| Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Kve¨MÖš’ : ÔAwMœ-exYvÕ, Ôwe‡li euvkxÕ, Ômvg¨ev`xÕ, Ôme©nvivÕ,

ÔwmÜy-wn‡›`vjÕ, ÔPµevKÕ; Dcb¨vm : Ôg„Zy¨¶zavÕ, ÔKz‡nwjKvÕ; MíMÖš’ : Ôe¨_vi `vbÕ, Ôwi‡³i †e`bÕ, ÔwkDwjgvjvÕ; cÖeÜMÖš’ : ÔhyMevYxÕ, Ôiæ`ª-

g½jÕ; bvUK : ÔwSwjwgwjÕ, ÔAv‡jqvÕ, ÔgaygvjvÕ BZ¨vw`| Kwe 1976 wLªóv‡ãi 29‡k AvM÷ XvKvq g„Zy¨eiY K‡ib|

1. fve I KvR

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899)

g~jK_v : fve I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ A‡bK| gvbyl‡K D×…× Kivi Rb¨ fv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| wKš‘ ïay fve w`‡q gnr wKQy AR©b Kiv hvq bv|

Zvi Rb¨ Kg©kw³ Ges mwVK D‡`¨v‡Mi `iKvi nq| fv‡ei Øviv gvbyl‡K RvwM‡q †Zvjv hvq| wKš‘ h_vh_ cwiKíbv I Kv‡Ri ¯ú„nv Qvov ‡h

‡Kv‡bv fv‡jv D‡`¨vM bó n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i| G iPbvwU‡Z †jLK †`‡ki DbœwZ I gyw³ Ges gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ fv‡ei m‡½ ev¯Íeag©x K‡g© Zrci

nIqvi Ici ‡Rvi w`‡q‡Qb|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

gnr Kv‡Ri Rb¨ AbycÖvwYZ nIqv

ïay fv‡ei D”Q¡v‡m D‡Øj nIqv bq,

fv‡ei m‡½ cwiKwíZ Kg©kw³ I ev Íe D‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb m¤ú‡K©I m‡PZb nIqv

3. fve I KvR :

1. Ôfve I KvRÕ cÖeÜwU Kvi †jLv?- KvRx bRiyj Bmjv‡gi|

2. Ôfve I KvRÕ cÖeÜwU msKwjZ- ÔhyMevYxÕ cªeÜ †_‡K|

3. Kwe bRiæ‡ji Rb¥-g„Zy¨ mvj,Rb¥¯’vb- 1899-1976, ea©gvb †Rjvq|

4. w¯úwiU Kx?- AvZ¥vi kw³i cweÎZv|

5. Ôfve I KvRÕ cÖe‡Üi gnvcvc Kx?- A‡b¨i cÖ‡ivPbvq AvZ¥vi kw³‡K bó Kiv|

6. Kg©xi Afv‡e G‡`‡k Kx gviv hvq?- myeY© my‡hvM|

7. fve I KvR `y‡Uv wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ Zcvr- Avmgvb- Rwgb|

8. evbfvwm ej‡Z eySvq- eb¨vq fvmv‡bv|

9. ivgvq‡Y ewY©Z ive‡bi †QvU fvB‡qi bvg –Kz¤¢KY©|

10. fve RvMv‡bvi g~j D‡Ïk¨- gvbe Kj¨Y|

11. gnËi D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vb Kvgbvq Kx env‡Z nq?- fv‡ei eb¨v|

2. ZjwP‡Îi f~Z

gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1908)

†jLK-cwiwPwZ :

evsjv Dcb¨vm I †QvUM‡íi †jLK wn‡m‡e gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq L¨vwZgvb| 1908 wLªóv‡ã wZwb muvIZvj ciMbvi ygKvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi

ˆcZ…K wbevm wQj weµgcy‡ii gvjew`qv MÖv‡g| Ôw`evivwÎi Kve¨Õ, ÔcÙvb`xi gvwSÕ, ÔcyZzjbv‡Pi BwZK_vÕ cÖf…wZ Dcb¨vm Ges ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ,

Ômixm„cÕ, Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^v`Õ, ÔwUKwUwKÕ, Ônjy` †cvovÕ, Ônviv‡bi bvZRvgvBÕ cÖf…wZ †QvUM‡íi Rb¨ wZwb weL¨vZ n‡q Av‡Qb| wZwb weÁv‡bi Q vÎ

wQ‡jb| gvby‡li gb we‡køl‡Yi w`‡KB wQj Zuvi †SuvK| wZwb kªwgK-K…l‡Ki Kj¨v‡Yi K_vI †f‡e‡Qb| †kvlY †_‡K Zv‡`i gyw³i RqMvb †M‡q‡Qb

Mí-Dcb¨v‡m| wZwb ÔgvwSi †Q‡jÕ bv‡g GKwU wK‡kvi-Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡ib| Zuvi wK‡kvi-Dc‡hvMx M‡íi msL¨v 27| Gi g‡a¨ Ô†Kv_vq †MjÕ?

ÔRã Kivi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvÕ, ÔwZbwU mvnmx fxiæi MíÕ, Ôfq †`Lv‡bvi MíÕ, ÔmbvZbxÕ, Ô`vwoi MíÕ, Ôm~h©eveyi wfUvwgb mgm¨vÕ cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

Zuvi wbZ¨m½x wQj `vwi ª¨| 1956 wLªóv‡ã wZwb KjKvZvq †klwbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|

2. ˆZjwP‡Îi f~Z

gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1908)

g~jK_v : ÔˆZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi †jLv GKwU wK‡kvi-Dc‡hvMx †QvUMí| 1941 wLªóv‡ãi †deªæqvwi gv‡m ÔgŠPvKÕ cwÎKvq

cÖKvwkZ nq G MíwU| f~‡Z wek¦vm wb‡q gvby‡li g‡a¨ weivRgvb Kyms¯‹vi †h wfwËnxb, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| G M‡í Zv Zy‡j a‡i‡Qb| G M‡í

wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb weÁvbeyw×i Rq| Kyms¯‹viv”QbœZvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl bvbv Akixix kw³i cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i weåvšÍ n‡q c‡o| wKš‘ gvbyl‡K hw`

weÁvb‡PZbv w`‡q NUbv-we‡køl‡Y D×…× Kiv hvq Zvn‡j Hme wek¦v‡mi AšÍtmvik~b¨Zv aiv c‡o| gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq G M‡í b‡Mb Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨

f~Z-wek¦v‡mi ¯^iƒc e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨vw`‡K cv‡ki Wv³vi weÁvbm¤§Z wePvieyw×i gva¨‡g ¯úó K‡i Zy‡j‡Qb| b‡M‡bi wek¦vm I Kyms¯‹v‡ii

wfwËnxbZv‡K| g„Z e¨w³i AvZ¥v f~‡Z cwiYZ nq- GiKg wek¦vm mgv‡R cÖPwjZ _vKvq b‡Mb ‰e`¨ywZK kK‡K f~‡Zi KvR e‡j mn‡R wek¦vm

K‡i‡Q|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

f‚‡Z wek¦vm wb‡q gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h Kzms¯‹vi weivRgvb, Zv wfwËnxb, KvíwbK I AšÍtmvik~b¨|

weÁvbm¤§Z wePvieyw×i gva¨‡g GB Kzms¯‹vi I AÜwek¦vm mn‡RB `~i Kiv m¤¢e|

4. ˆZjwP‡Îi f~Z :

1. ÔˆZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ Kvi †jLv?- gvwbK e‡›`¨vcv`¨v‡qi|

2. ÔˆZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ †Kvb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq?- †gŠPvK cwÎKvq|

3. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcv`¨v‡qi Rb¥-g„Zy¨ mvj?-1908- 1956Lªx:|

4. Ôf~ZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?- fwel¨r|

5. b‡Mb‡`i evwoi jvB‡eªwi Kvi Avg‡ji?- b‡M‡bi `v`vgkv‡qi Avg‡ji|

6. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcv`¨v‡qi wK‡kvi- Dc‡hvMx M‡íi msL¨v KZ?- 27|

7. gvwbK e‡›`¨vcv`¨v‡qi ÔgvwSi †Q‡jÕ Kx ai‡Yi iPbv?- GKwU wK‡kvi Dcb¨vm|

8. ÔˆZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ M‡íi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ Kx?- wkÿv_©x‡`i weÁvbgb¯‹ Kiv|

9. Ôgi‡j ‡Zv gvbyl me Rvb‡Z cv‡iÕ-Kvi Dw³?- b‡M‡bi|

10. b‡M‡bi gvgv †Kgb cÖK…wZi gvbyl wQ‡jb?- K…cb cÖK…wZi|

11. jvB‡eªwi‡Z KqwU eo eo ˆjwPÎ wQj?- 3 wU|

12. civki Wv³vi †Kv_vq e‡m wPwV wj‡fwQj?- jvB‡eªwi‡Z e‡m|

3. Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg

†kL gywReyi ingvb (1920)

†jLK-cwiwPwZ :

nvRvi eQ‡ii †kªô evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ¯’cwZ I evOvwj RvwZmËv weKv‡ki cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡| wZwb

Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv| Zuvi Rb¥ 1920 wLªóv‡ãi 17B gvP© †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvovq| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †kL jyrdi ingvb I gvZvi bvg mv‡qiv

LvZzb| QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wZwb ivRbxwZ I †`keª‡Z hy³ nb| fvlv Av‡›`vjbmn wewfbœ MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM w`‡q wZwb eûevi KviveiY

K‡i‡Qb| evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i wfwË iPbvq Zuvi Ae`vb Acwimxg| wZwb evOvwji ¯vqËkvm‡bi `vwe 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi gyL¨ cÖe³v| †kL

gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~PbvKv‡j 1969 mv‡j e½eÜz Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ nb| 1971-Gi 25†k gvP© ga¨iv‡Zi c‡i

cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx evOvwji GB Awemsevw`Z †bZv‡K Zuvi avbgwÐi evmfeb †_‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| †MÖdZv‡ii Av‡M A_©vr 26†k gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i

wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib|

gyw³hy×Kv‡j e½eÜzi Abycw ’wZ‡Z Zuv‡K ivóªcwZ K‡i MwVZ A ’vqx evsjv‡`k miKvi hy× cwiPvjbv K‡i| †`k ¯vaxb nIqvi ci 1972 mv‡ji

10B Rvbyqvwi wZwb cvwK Ív‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K gy³ n‡q †`‡k wd‡ib Ges hy×weaŸ¯Í †`k Movi gnvb `vwq‡Z¡ eªZx nb| Zuvi miKviB ¯^í mg‡qi

g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb iPbv K‡i (1972)| 1974 mv‡j RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b wZwb cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq fvlY w`‡q evsjv‡K

wek¦mfvq gh©v`vi Avm‡b AwawôZ K‡ib|

3. Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg

†kL gywReyi ingvb (1920)

g~jK_v : cvwK Ívwb Jcwb‡ewkK ivó«KvVv‡gv †f‡O evOvwji mvwe©K gyw³ AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ 1966 mv‡j e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dv Kg©m~wP

‡NvlYv K‡i KviveiY K‡ib| 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b e½eÜyi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM AR©b K‡i wbi¼yk weRq| ZeyI cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx

evOvwj‡`i nv‡Z ¶gZv n ÍvZi bv K‡i loh‡š¿i c_ †e‡Q †bq| 1971 mv‡ji 2iv gvP© †_‡K e½eÜyi Avnev‡b evsjvq me©vZ¥K Amn‡hvM

Av‡›`vj‡bi avivevwnKZvq 7B gvP© 1971- G XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqvw © D`¨vb) cÖvq `k j¶ †jv‡Ki Dcw ’wZ‡Z e½eÜy ‡kL

gywReyi ingvb 18 wgwb‡Ui HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b| GB fvlY 7B gv‡P©i fvlY wn‡m‡e weL¨vZ|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

¯vaxb evOvwj RvwZ I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvq RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi msMÖvg, Ae`vb

evOvwj RvwZi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zuvi wbiew”Qbœ mvabv

e½eÜzi Av`k© I †`k‡cÖ‡gi †PZbv

1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ mvgwiK evwnbxi KwZcq wec_Mvgx m`‡m¨i nv‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb mcwiev‡i wbnZ nb|

5. Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg :

1. ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vwabZvi msMÖvgÕ †jLK †K?- †kL gywReyi ingvb|

2. †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¥- g„Zy¨ mvj-1920-1975 Lªx:

3. †kL gywReyi ingvbÔe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa jvf K‡ib- 1969 mv‡j|

4. †kL gywReyi ingvb ÔRywjI KzwiÕ c`K cvb – 1972 mv‡j|

5. Zuvi Rb¥¯’vb I mgvwa¯_j- †MvcvjM‡Äi Uzw½cvov|

6. 7 gv‡P©i fvlbwU Kvi fvl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq?- Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi|

7. e¨vivK Kx?- †mbvQvDwb|

8. 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡b KZ †jvK n‡qwQj?-cÖvq 10 jÿ ‡jvK|

9. MYAfy¨Ìvb n‡qwQj- 1969 mv‡j|

10. 7 gv‡P©i fvlYwU †Kv_vq †`Iqv n‡qwQj?- †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b eZ©gvb †mvnivDqvw`© D`¨vb|

11. Qq`dv Av‡›`vjb KZ mv‡j nq?- 1966 mv‡j|

12. 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Rq jvf K‡i- hy³d«›U|

13. †kL gywReyi ingvb RvwZms‡N cÖ_g evsjvq fvlY †`b- 1974 mv‡j|

14. Ô†Zvgiv Avgvi fvBÕ Kviv?- †mbv m`m¨MY|

4. Avgv‡`i †jvKwkí

Kvgiæj nvmvb (1921)

†jLK-cwiwPwZ :

Kvgiæj nvmvb 1921 wLªóv‡ã KjKvZvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| GKRb L¨vwZgvb wkíx wn‡m‡e †`‡k-we‡`‡k wZwb cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib| Zuvi AuvKv Qwe‡Z

G‡`‡ki †jvKR Rxe‡bi bvbv Dcv`vb Avgv‡`i HwZn¨-m‡PZb K‡i| †jvKwkí msi¶‡YI Zvui cÖ‡Póv wQj cÖksmbxq| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb `xN©Kvj

XvKv AvU© Bbw÷wUD‡U Aa¨vcbvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| c‡i wZwb evsjv‡`k ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí wWRvBb †m›Uv‡ii cÖavb (bKkvwe`) wbhy³ nb|

G mgq wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K †jvKwk‡íi bvbv DcKiY msMÖn K‡ib| Qwe AvuKvi wewPÎ Kjv‡KŠkj Ges †jvKwk‡íi bvbv w`K

m¤ú‡K© Zuvi †jLv cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi GKwU eB‡qi bvg Ôevsjv‡`‡ki wkí Av‡›`vjb I Avgvi K_vÕ| 1988 wLªóv‡ã Kvgiæj

nvmvb XvKvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|

4. Avgv‡`i †jvKwkí

Kvgiæj nvmvb (1921)

g~jK_v : ÒAvgv‡`i †jvKwkíÓ cÖeÜwU Avgv‡`i ‡jvKK…wó MÖš’ ‡_‡K M…nxZ n‡q‡Q| †jLK G cÖe‡Ü evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí I †jvK-HwZ‡n¨i

eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| G eY©bvq †jvKwk‡íi cÖwZ Zvui Mfxi ggZ¡‡ev‡ai cwiPq i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i wbZ¨e¨envh© AwaKvsk wRwbmB G KywUiwk‡íi Ici

wbf©ikxj| wkí¸Y wePv‡i G ai‡bi wkí‡K †jvKwk‡íi g‡a¨ MY¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| c~‡e© Avgv‡`i †`‡k †h mg¯Í †jvKwk‡íi ªe¨ ˆZwi n‡Zv Zvi

A‡bK¸‡jvB AZ¨šÍ D”Pgv‡bi wQj| XvKvB gmwjb Zvi Ab¨Zg| XvKvB gmwjb Aaybv wejyß n‡jI XvKvB Rvg`vwb kvwo A‡bKvs‡k †m ¯’vb

AwaKvi K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Rvg`vwb kvwo †`‡k-we‡`‡k cwiwPZ Ges Avgv‡`i M‡e©i e¯‘| bKwk Kvu_v Avgv‡`i GKwU MÖvgxY †jvKwkí| G wkí

AvR jyßcÖvq n‡jI Gi wKQy wKQy bgybv cvIqv hvq| Avcb cwi‡ek †_‡KB †g‡qiv Zvu‡`i g‡bi g‡Zv K‡i Kvu_v †mjvB‡qi Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡Zb|

Kvu_vi cÖwZwU my‡Pi †dvu‡oi g‡a¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q GK-GKwU cwiev‡ii Kvwnbx, Zv‡`i cwi‡ek, Zv‡`i RxebMv_v| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki bvbv cÖKvi

cyZyj, g~wZ© I AvaywbK iæwPi dyj`vwb, QvB`vwb, Pv‡qi †mU BZ¨vw` Zviv M‡o _v‡K| Lyjbvi gv`yi I wm‡j‡Ui kxZjcvwU mK‡ji Kv‡Q cwi wPZ|

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki GB †h †jvKwkí Zv msi¶‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡`i mK‡ji| †jvKwk‡íi gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i HwZn¨‡K we‡k¦i Kv‡Q Zy‡j ai‡Z

cvwi|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji †jvKwkí I †jvK-HwZn¨

†`‡ki †jvKwkí m¤ú‡K© AvMÖnx I kª×vkxj nIqv Ges Zv msi¶‡Y Zrci nIqv|

6. Avgv‡`i †jvKwkí :

1. ÔAvgv‡`i †jvKwkíÕ cÖ‡Üi †jLK-Kvgiyj nvmvb|

2. ÔAvgv‡`i †jvKwkíÕ cÖ‡ÜwU msKwjZ-ÔAvgv‡`i †jvKwK„óÕ MÖš’ †_‡K|

3. Kvgiyj nvmv‡bi Rb¥-g„Zz¨ mvj,Rb¥ ’vb-1921-1988,KjKvZv|

4. Lv`¨k‡m¨i c‡iB evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Rxe‡bi m‡½ wbweofv‡e wg‡k Av‡Q- KzwUiwkí|

5. wkí¸Y wePv‡i KzwUi wkí- †jvKwk‡íi AšÍM©Z|

6. †Wgiv GjvKvi ZuvwZ‡`i Ag~j¨ m„wó- gmwjb kvox|

7. eZ©gv‡b Rvg`vwb kvwo Avgv‡`i- M‡e©i e¯‘|

8. GKwU bKwkKuv_v †mjvB Ki‡Z jvMZ- cÖvq Qq gvm|

9. bKwkKuv_vi †duv‡oi g‡a¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q- cwiev‡ii RxebKvwnbx|

10. Rvg`vwb †evbvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx- kxZj¶¨v b`xi cvwb|

11. gwYcyix‡`i evm- wm‡j‡Ui gvwQgcy‡i|

12. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †g‡q‡`i mnRvZ wkí¸Y- Kvc‡oi cyZzj ˆZix|

13. †jvKwkí msi¶Y I m¤cÖmvi‡Yi `vwqZ¡- mK‡ji|

5. myLx gvbyl

ggZvR D &`xb Avng` (1935)

†jLK-cwiwPwZ :

ggZvR D`&`xb Avng` cwðge‡½i gvj`n †Rjvq 1935 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefvM †_‡K œvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ AR©‡bi

ci wZwb evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wel‡q miKvwi K‡j‡R `xN©w`b Aa¨vcbv †k‡l 1992 mv‡j Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| bvU¨Kvi I bvU¨vwf‡bZv wn‡m‡e

wZwb evsjv‡`‡k GKRb L¨vwZgvb e¨w³Z¡| Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbvmg~n bvUK : Ô¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvÕ, ÔivRv Aby¯v‡ii cvjvÕ, ÔmvZ Nv‡Ui

KvbvKwoÕ, ÔAvgv‡`i kniÕ, Ônvm¨ jvm¨ fvl¨Õ; cÖeÜ-M‡elYv : Ôevsjv‡`‡ki bvU‡Ki BwZe„ËÕ, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki w_‡qUv‡ii BwZe„ËÕ BZ¨vw`| GQvov

wZwb wj‡L‡Qb Mí, Dcb¨vm I mim iPbv| mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb wkï GKv‡Wwg mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`Kmn

wewfbœ mvwnZ¨-cyi¯‹v‡i f‚wlZ n‡q‡Qb|

5. myLx gvbyl

ggZvR D &`xb Avng` (1935)

g~jK_v : ÔmyLx gvbylÕ ggZvR D``xb Avng‡`i GKwU bvUKv| Gi `ywU gvÎ `…k¨| bvUKwUi Kvwnbx‡Z Av‡Q, gvbyl‡K VwK‡q gvby‡li g‡b Kó

w`‡q, abx nIqv GK †gvo‡ji Rxe‡b kvwšÍ ‡bB| wPwKrmK e‡j‡Qb, †Kv‡bv myLx gvby‡li Rvgv Mv‡q w`‡j †gvo‡ji Amy¯’Zv †K‡U hv‡e| wKš‘ cvuP

MÖvg Lyu‡RI GKRb myLx gvbyl cvIqv †Mj bv| †k‡l GKRb‡K cvIqv †Mj, †h wb‡Ri kÖ‡g DcvwR©Z Avq w`‡q †Kv‡bvfv‡e RxweKvwbe©i Ki‡Q|

Zvi †Kv‡bv m¤ú` †bB, d‡j †Pv‡ii fq †bB| myZivs kvwšÍ‡Z Nygv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi †Kv‡bv `ywðšÍvI mgvavb n‡jv bv| †jL‡Ki e³e¨ Lye ¯úó|

Zv n‡jv, m¤ú`B AkvwšÍi KviY| myL GKUv Av‡cw¶K e¨vcvi| GKR‡bi A‡bK m¤ú` †_‡KI myL †bB| Avevi Av‡iKR‡bi wKQy bv _vK‡jI

†m myLx _vK‡Z cv‡i|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

Ab¨vq I A‰bwZKfv‡e DcvwR©Z A_©-weËB gvby‡li AkvwšÍi g~j KviY|

mr c‡_ wbR cwikª‡gi gva¨‡g RxweKvwbe©vn Ki‡jB Rxe‡b kvwšÍ †g‡j|

myZivs bxwZnxb c‡_ m¤ú` DcvR©‡bi c_ cwinvi KivB DËg|

7. myLx gvbyl :

1. ÔmyLx gvbylÕ bvwUKvi †jLK †K?- ggZvR D &`xb Avng`|

2. ggZvR D`&`xb Avng‡`i Rb¥-g„Zz¨ mvj,Rb¥¯’vb- 1935 -...... , cwðge‡½i gvj`n †Rjv||

3. ÔmyLx gvbylÕ bvwUKvi `„k¨ msL¨v KZ?- yBwU|

4. ÔmyLx gvbylÕ bvwUKvi PwiÎ msL¨v KZ?- cuvP|

5. myeY©cy‡ii gvbyl‡K R¡vwj‡q‡Q †K?- †gvoj|

6. †gvo‡ji gvgv‡Zv fvB †K?- nvmy|

7. nvmyi gyiwM RevB K‡i †L‡q‡Q †K?- †gvoj|

8. †gvoj my¯’ n‡e, hw`- myLx gvby‡li Rvgv msMÖn Kiv hvq|

9. ÔmyL eo KwVb wRwbmÕ K_vwU Kvi?- nvmyi|

10. f~Z ai‡Z cvi‡j Kx K‡i Lv‡e?- gvQfvRv K‡i Lv‡e|

11. myLx gvbyl RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i- KvV †K‡U|

12. myLx gvby‡li †bB- Rvgv|

13. myLx gvbyl nIqvi KviY- N‡i wKQzB †bB|

14. ÔAvb›` aviv ewn‡Q fye‡bÕ Mv‡bi K_vwU Kvi?- iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii|

15. Rxebxkw³i cÖKvk cvq wK‡m?- Avb›` cÖKv‡k|

6. evsjv beel©

kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb (1940)

†jLK-cwiwPwZ :

kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb 1940 wLªóv‡ã gvwbKMÄ †Rjvi wmsMvBi _vbvi PvwiMÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †ckvMZ Rxe‡b wZwb wewfbœ K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q

Aa¨vcbv K‡ib Ges evsjv GKv‡Wwgi cwiPvjK, wkíKjv GKv‡Wwgi gnvcwiPvjK I RvZxq Rv yN‡ii gnvcwiPvjK wQ‡jb| wZwb 2009 mv‡ji

†g gv‡m evsjv GKv‡Wwgi gnvcwiPvjK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb †jLK, M‡elK I †dvK‡jviwe` wn‡m‡e †`‡k-we‡`‡k L¨vwZ AR©b

K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’¸‡jv n‡jv cÖeÜMÖš’ Ôbvbv cÖm½Õ, ÔMYm½xZÕ, ÔgvwU †_‡K gnxiænÕ, Ôe½eÜzi m‡½ Avjvc I cÖvmw½K

K_KZvÕ, Ôgy³eyw×, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv I mgKvjÕ, ÔAvaywbK †dvK‡jvi wPšÍvÕ, Ô†dvK‡jvi PP©vÕ BZ¨vw`| ig¨-iPbv : ÔXvKvB i½ iwmKZvÕ, ÔMÖvgevsjvi

i½iwmKZvÕ BZ¨vw`| wkïmvwnZ¨ : Ô`ywbqv gvZv‡bv wek¦KvcÕ, Ô†jvfx eªvþY I †ZbvjxivgÕ, Ô†QvU‡`i AwfavbÕ (†hŠ_)|

kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb Zuvi wec yj Kg©RM‡Zi ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc AMÖYx e¨vsK cyi¯‹vi, Kvjykvn cyi¯‹vi, `x‡bkP›`ª †mb †dvK‡jvi cyi¯‹vi, Ave`yi ie †PŠayix

¯§„wZ M‡elYv cyi¯‹vi, †`Iqvb †gvZ©Rv cyi¯‹vi, knx` †mvnivIqv`x© RvZxq M‡elYv cyi¯‹vi, evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi I GKz‡k c`K jvf K‡ib|

6. evsjv beel©

kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb (1940)

g~jK_v : evsjv beel© evOvwji LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drme| AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k †h mevaxb n‡Z †c‡i‡Q, Zvi †cQ‡b bee‡l©i †cÖiYvI mwµq wQj|

KviY cvwK Ívwbiv evOvwji cÖv‡Yi Drme beel© D`hvc‡b evav w`‡qwQj Ges Gi cÖwZev‡` BwZK_v wg‡k Av‡Q| AvRI bee‡l© g½j †kvfvhvÎv

†ei Kiv nq| bee‡l©i Drme evOvwji cÖv‡Yi Drm‡e cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|

evsjv mb ‡K, K‡e cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb G wb‡q gZvšÍi _vK‡jI a‡i †bIqv nq mgvU AvKe‡ii mgq G m‡bi MYbv Avi¤¢ nq| c‡i Rwg`vi I

bev‡eiv bee‡l© cyY¨vn Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb| bee‡l© nvjLvZv, ˆekvLx †gjv, †Nvo‡`Šo, wewfbœ †jvK‡gjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i mvaviY gvbyl

G Drme‡K cÖv‡Y aviY K‡i‡Q| evOvwj M…wnYxivI Avgwbmn bvbv eªZ-Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`bwU D`&hvcb K‡i _v‡K| cvnvwo AevOvwj

Rb‡MvôxI ˆemvwe Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv K‡i Zviv beel© D`hvcb K‡i|

m~Pbvi ci †_‡K GB beel© cvj‡b bvbv gvÎv ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G Drme‡K iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii cwievi we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q cvjb Kivq †m

Av‡qvRb †`kgq Qwo‡q c‡o| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ci †_‡K AvgivI beel© Drme e¨vcKfv‡e cvjb Avi¤¢ Kwi Ges GLb GB Drme evOvwji

Rxe‡b GK †MŠiegq Aa¨v‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

evOvwji RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drme

cvnvwo‡`i el©eiY Abyôvb

GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡qvRb Kxfv‡e evOvwji ivR‰bwZK NUbv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q|

9. evsjv beel© :

1. Ôevsjv beel©Õ M‡íi †jLK †K?- kvgmy¾vvgb Lvb|

2. kvgmy¾vvgb Lv‡bi Rb¥-g„Zz¨ mvj, Rb¥¯’vb -1940 - ..... , gvwbKMÄ †Rjv|

3. mvj K_vwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q?- dviwm fvlv †_‡K|

4. mKj †`‡ki, mKj RvwZi Avb‡›`i w`b Kx?- beel©|

5. myL, mg„w× I Kj¨v‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv wb‡q cvjb Kiv nq- beel©|

6. cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j beel© D`hvc‡b evav †`Iqvi KviY Kx?- cvwK Ívwb Av`‡k©i cwicwš’|

7. hy³d«›U gymwjg jxM‡K wbe©vP‡b civwRZ K‡i KZ mv‡j?- 1954 mv‡j|

8. evsjv beel© miKvwi QzwUi w`b †NvlYv K‡ib †K?- †k‡i evsjv G.†K. dRjyj nK|

9. cqjv ˆekv‡Li wØZxq e„nr Abyôvb- nvjLvZv|

10. bee‡l©i cÖvPxb gv½wjK Abyôvb n‡jv- Avgvwb|

11. AvaywbK Avw½‡K beel©eiY D`hvcb ïiynq- KjKvZvi VvKzi cwievi Ges kvwšZwb‡KZb|

12. beel© Drme bZzb ¸iyZ¡ I Zvrch© jvf K‡i- fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ci|

c`¨vsk

--------------------

1. cÖv_©bv

Kvq‡Kvev` (1857)

Kwe-cwiwPwZ :

Kvq‡Kvev` 1885 wLªóv‡ã XvKv †Rjvi beveMÄ _vbvi AvMjv c~e©cvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi Avmj bvg gyn¤§` Kv‡Rg Avj Kzivqkx|

cÖ‡ewkKv ch©šÍ †jLvcov K‡i wZwb WvK wefv‡M PvKwi †bb| A‡bK w`b a‡i wZwb wbR MÖvg AvMjv‡ZB †cv÷gv÷v‡ii `vwqZ¦ cvjb K‡ib|

†Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB KweZv †jLvq Zuvi nv‡ZLwo nq| Zvici Avcb ¯^fv‡e wZwb µgvMZ wj‡L †M‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ weL¨vZ gnvKve¨|

Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÔAkÖægvjvÕ, Ôwkegw›`iÕ, ÔAwgqavivÕ, Ôgniig kixdÕ BZ¨vw`| 1952 wLªóv‡ã Kwe Kvq‡Kvev` XvKvq g„Zy¨eiY

K‡ib|

1. cÖv_©bv

Kvq‡Kvev` (1857)

g~jK_v : ÔcÖv_©bvÓ KweZvwU Kwei ÔAkÖægvjvÕ Kve¨MÖš’ ‡_‡K msKwjZ| Kwe G KweZvq ªóvi Acvi gwngvi K_v eY©bv K‡i ªóvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖv_©bv

Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Kwe fw³ ev cÖksmv Ki‡Z bv ‡R‡bI ‡Kej ‡Pv‡Li R‡j wb‡R‡K wb‡e`b K‡ib| wec‡`, Avc‡`, my‡L, kvwšÍ‡Z me mgq wZwb

weavZvi KvQ ‡_‡K kw³ Kvgbv K‡ib| Mv‡Q Mv‡Q cvwL, e‡b e‡b dyj meB weavZv‡K ¯§iY K‡i| Zvui AdyišÍ `qvq RM‡Zi me wKQy Pj‡Q| Zvi

Kv‡QB mK‡j mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i| Zvui Acvi KiæYv jvf K‡iB wek¦ msmv‡ii cÖwZwU Rxe I Dw™¢` cÖvYaviY K‡i Av‡Q| Zv ui `qv Qvov Avgiv

GK gyn~Z©I Pj‡Z cvwi bv| my‡L-`y‡L, kq‡b ¯^c‡b wZwb Avgv‡`i GKgvÎ fimv| Avgiv wi³ n‡¯Í cig fw³ f‡i Zvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv RvbvB; ‡n

cÖfy, Avgv‡`i ‡`‡n I ü`‡q kw³ `vI| Avgiv ‡hb ‡Zvgvi Avivabvq wb‡R‡K wb‡e`b Ki‡Z cvwi|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

mªóvi gwngv

ag©‡eva

mªóvi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y

mr I my›`i Rxeb MV‡b ZrciZv

3. cÖv_©bv :

1. ÔcÖv_©bvÕ KweZvi iPwqZv - Kvq‡Kvev`|

2. ÔcÖ_©bvÕ KweZv msKwjZ- ÔAkÖægvjvÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K|

3. Kwe Kvq‡Kvev‡`I Rb¥-g„Zz¨ mvj KZ?- 1857- 1951 mvj|

4. ÔwbKzÄÕ A_© Kx?- evMvb|

5. A‡kl A_© Kx?- hvi †kl †bB|

6.Kwe Kvq‡Kvev‡`i Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ Kx `i‡Yi iPbv?- gnvKve¨|

7. Kwe Kvq‡Kvev‡`i c~Y© bvg Kx?- gynv¤§` Kv‡Rg Avj Kzivqkx|

8. cÖv_©bv KweZvq wbtm¤j †K?- Kwe|

9.Kwei c‡_i m¤^j †K?- cÖf~|

10. G KweZvq cÖf~I wbk¦vm Kx?- em‡šÍi evqy|

2. yB weNv Rwg

iex› ªbv_ VvKzi (1861)

Kwe-cwiwPwZ :

iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi wek¦Kwe, wek¦bw›`Z Kwe| KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Zuvi Rb¥ 1861 wLªóv‡ãi 7B †g, 1268 e½v‡ãi 25†k ˆekvL|

†Q‡j‡ejvq we`¨vj‡qi euvavaiv cov‡kvbvq Zuvi gb e‡mwb| cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K Iwi‡q›Uvj †mwgbvwi, bg©vj ‹zj, †e½j GKv‡WwgÑ Gme wk¶v-

cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© Kiv n‡qwQj| wKšÍz cvV †kl Kivi Av‡MB wZwb †mme †Q‡o †`b| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Zuvi Kwe-cÖwZfvi D‡b¥l N‡U| mvwn‡Z¨i mKj

kvLvq Amvgvb¨ `¶Zvi ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb wZwb| KweZv, msMxZ, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, ågYKvwnwb, ig¨iPbv BZ¨vw` mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZwU

†¶‡ÎB Zuvi c`PviYv wQj ¯”Q›`, D¾¡j| wZwb GKvav‡i Kwe, `vk©wbK, MxwZKvi, myiKvi, wk¶vwe`, wPÎwkíx, bvU¨-cÖ‡hvRK I Awf‡bZv| 1913

wLªóv‡ã Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z ÔMxZvÄwjÕ Kv‡e¨i Rb¨ wZwb Gkxq‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| Avgv‡`i RvZxq msMxZ ÔAvg vi

†mvbvi evsjvÕ ZuviB †jLv| iex›`ªbv_ 1941 wLª÷v‡ãi 7B AvM÷ (22†k kªveY, 1348 e½vã) KjKvZvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|

2. yB weNv Rwg

iex› ªbv_ VvKzi (1861)

g~jK_v : Ô yB weNv RwgÕ GKwU Kvwnbx-KweZv| GwU iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii ÔK_v I KvwnbxÕ Kve¨M«š’ †_‡K msKwjZ| wi ª K…lK D‡cb Afve-AbU‡b

eÜK w`‡q Zvui cÖvq me Rwg nvwi‡q‡Q| evwK wQj gvÎ `yB weNv Rwg| wKš‘ Rwg`vi Zvui evMvb evov‡bvi Rb¨ †m Rwgi `Lj wb‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ mvZ

cyiæ‡li ¯§…wZ weRwoZ ‡m Rwg D‡cb w`‡Z bv PvB‡j Rwg`v‡ii †µv‡ai wkKvi nq †m| wg‡_¨ gvgjv w`‡q Rwg`vi †m Rwg `Lj K‡i ‡bq|

wf‡UQvov n‡q D‡cb eva¨ nq c‡_ †eiæ‡Z| mvay n‡q †m MÖvg-MÖvgvšÍ‡i †Nv‡i| wKš‘ ˆcZ…K wf‡Ui ¯§…wZ †m fyj‡Z cv‡i bv|

GKw`b wPi-cwiwPZ MÖv‡g †m wd‡i Av‡m| MÖv‡gi Ab¨ mewKQy wVKVvK _vK‡jI Zvi wf‡U AvR wbwðý| wKš‘ nVvr †m j¶ K‡i Zvi †QvU †ejvi

¯§…wZ-weRwoZ †mB Avg MvQwU GLbI Av‡Q| †mB Avg Mv‡Qi QvqvZ‡j e‡m K¬všÍ kÖvšÍ D‡cb cig kvwšÍ Abyfe K‡i| Zvi g‡b c‡o, S‡oi w`‡b

KZ bv Avg †m Kywo‡q‡Q GLv‡b| nVvr evZv‡mi SvcUvq `ywU cvKv Avg c‡o Zvi †Kv‡ji Kv‡Q| Avg ywU‡K ‡m Rbbxi †mœ‡ni `vb g‡b K‡i

MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ ZLbB Qy‡U Av‡m gvwj| D‡cb‡K †m Avg-†Pvi e‡j MvjvMvwj Ki‡Z _v‡K| D‡cb‡K †Pvi e‡j wg_¨v Acev` ‡`q|

GB KweZvi gva¨‡g Kwe †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, mgv‡R GK †kÖwYi jy‡Uiv weË¡evb cÖej cÖZvc wb‡q evm K‡i| Zviv mvaviY gvby‡li m¤ú` jyU K‡i

m¤ú`kvjx nq| Zviv A_©, kw³ I `vc‡Ui ‡Rv‡i Ab¨vq‡K b¨vq, b¨vq‡K Ab¨vq e‡j cÖwZôv K‡i| Ô yB weNv RwgÕ KweZvwU‡Z Kwe G‡`i ¯iƒc

Zy‡j a‡i‡Qb|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

†kvlK‡kªwYi wbôzi †kvlY I Mwie‡`i y ©kv

Mwie‡`i cÖwZ Zviv mnvbyf‚wZkxjZv n‡e|

4. yB weNv Rwg :

1. Ô`yB weNv RwgÕ KweZvi iPwqZv - iex› ªbv_ VvKzi|

2. iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii QÙbvg- fvbywmqsn|

3. Rb¥- g„Zz¨ mvj- 1861-1941 mvj|

4. Ô`yB weNv RwgÕ GKwU - Kvwnbx KweZv|

5. Ô`yB weNv RwgÕ msKwjZ- ÔK_v I KvwnbxÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K|

6. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi KZ mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb?- 1913 mv‡j|

7. yB weNv Rwg Kvi- D‡c‡bi|

8. Kvi gv_vq SuzwU evuav Av‡Q?- gvwji|

9. wi ª gvZv AvuPj f‡i Kx a‡i ivLZ?- dj, dyj, kvKcvZv|

10. cvwY k‡ãi A_© Kx?- nvZ|

11. KvOv‡ji ab Pzwi K‡i †K?- ivRv|

12. D‡cb eveyi Kv‡Q KqwU Avg wfÿv PvBj?- 2 wU|

13. †K D‡cb‡K cvKv †Pvi ejj?- evey|

14. `yB weNv Rwg KweZvq †Kvb b`xi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?- M½v b`xi|

3. evey‡ii gnË¡

Kvwj`vm ivq (1889)

Kwe-cwiwPwZ :

Kvwj`vm ivq cwðge‡½i ea©gvb †Rjvi KovB MÖv‡g 1882 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| we`¨vj‡qi wk¶KZv‡K wZwb Av`k© †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY

K‡iwQ‡jb| wk¶KZvi m‡½ m‡½ wZwb mvwnZ¨ mvabvq e¨vc„Z wQ‡jb| wZwb wewPÎ wel‡qi Dci KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| wZwb †ek wKQy msL¨K Kvwnwb-

KweZv iPbv K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi KweZvq Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi mv_©K cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| Kwe wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb ÔKwe‡kLiÕ Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ

nb| KjKvZvi iex› ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K m¤§vbm~PK wW. wjU. Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡i| Kvwj`vm iv‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg : ÔwKkjqÕ,

ÔcY©cyUÕ, ÔejøixÕ, ÔFZyg½jÕ, Ô¶z`KzuovÕ, ÔimK`¤^Õ, ÔˆeKvjxÕ, Ôc~Y©vûwZÕ BZ¨vw`| wZwb 1960 wLªóv‡ã g„Zy¨eiY K‡ib|

3. evey‡ii gnË¡

Kvwj`vm ivq (1889)

g~jK_v : Ôevey‡ii gnË¡Õ KweZvwU Kvwj`vm iv‡qi ÔcY©cyUÕ Kve¨M«š’ †_‡K msKwjZ| G KweZvq gyNjmg«vU evey‡ii gnvbyfeZv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

G‡Z Zvui gnr Av`k© I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva‡K Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| fviZe‡l© gyNj mvg«v‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv mg«vU eveyi| ivR¨ weR‡qi ci wZwb

cÖRvmvavi‡Yi ü`qR‡q g‡bv‡hvMx n‡jb| ivRcyZMY, Zvu‡K wKQy‡ZB ‡g‡b wb‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| ivRcyZ-exi ZiæY iYexi †PŠnvb eveyi‡K nZ¨v

Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ w`wjøi ivRc‡_ NyiwQj| Ggb mgq eveyi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i gË nvwZi Kej ‡_‡K ivRc‡_ c‡o _vKv GKwU †g_i

wkï‡K D×vi K‡ib| ivRcyZ hyeK evey‡ii gn‡Ë¡ wew¯§Z nq| †m evey‡ii cv‡q c‡o wb‡Ri Aciva ¯xKvi K‡i| gnr cÖvY eveyi Zv‡K ¶gv K‡ib

Ges Zv‡K wb‡Ri †`ni¶x wb‡qvM K‡ib|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

mgªvU evey‡ii gnvbyfeZv

gnr Av`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ n‡e

gvbweK g~j¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv

6. evey‡ii gnË ¡:

1. evey‡ii gnË¡ KweZvwUi iPwqZv ‡K?- Kvwj`vm ivq|

2. Kwj`vm iv‡qi Rb¥-g„Zz¨,Rb¥ ’vb-1882-1960, ea©gvb, cwðge½|

3. evey‡ii gnË¡ KweZvwU msKwjZ- Kwj`vm iv‡qi cY©©cyU Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K|

4. eveyi gv‡b-wmsn|

5. eveyi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb- 11 eQi eq‡m|

6. Lvbyqvi cÖvšÍi Kx?- hyׇÿÎ|

7. ß K…cvb gv‡b- jyKv‡bv Z‡jvqvi|

8. fvi‡Z gyNj m¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv †K?- eveyi|

9. eveyi Aí eq‡m KZevi wmsnvmb nvivb?- 2 evi|

10. ˆeKvwj Kx? - GKwU Kve¨MÖš’|

11. Kwe†kLi Kvi Dcvwa?- Kvwj`vm iv‡qi|

12. Beªvwng †jvw`i mv‡_ †K wek¦vm NvZKZv K‡ib?- †`ŠjZ Lvu †jvw`|

13. Kvwj`vm ivq †Kvb hy‡Mi Kwe?- AvaywbK hy‡Mi|

4. bvix

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899)

Kwe-cwiwPwZ :

KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg 1899 wLªóv‡ãi 24†k †g (1306 e½v‡ãi 11B ˆR¨ô) ea©gvb †Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj gnKzgvi Pyiywjqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|

wZwb we`¨vj‡qi covïbv †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| `kg †kªwYi QvÎ _vKvKv‡j cÖ_g gnvhy× ïiy n‡j wZwb ¯‹zj †Q‡o evOvwj cë‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib|

hy× †kl n‡j 1919 wLªóv‡ã evOvwj cëb †f‡O †`Iqv nq| bRiyj KjKvZvq wd‡i G‡m mvwnZ¨PP©vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| G mgq mvßvwnK ÔweRjxÕ

cwÎKvq Zuvi Ôwe‡ ªvnxÕ KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ n‡j Pviw`‡K mybvg Qwo‡q c‡o| Zuvi KweZvq civaxbZv I Ab¨v‡qi weiy‡× we‡`ªvn D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q|

AwePvi I †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× wZwb cÖej cÖwZev` K‡ib| GRb¨ Zuv‡K we‡ ªvnx Kwe ejv nq| Zuvi iPbvewj Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi GK D¾¡j `„óvšÍ|

KweZv, msMxZ, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ I Mímvwn‡Z¨i mKj kvLvq Avgiv Zuvi cÖwZfvi D¾¡j cwiPq †c‡q _vwK| wZwb mvg¨ev`x †PZbvwfwËK

KweZv, k¨vgvmsMxZ, Bmjvwg Mvb I MRj wj‡L cÖksmv †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi e¨env‡i KzkjZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| `yf©vM¨ †h, gvÎ

†ZZvwjøk eQi eq‡m wZwb KwVb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nb Ges Zuvi mvwnZ¨mvabvq †Q` N‡U| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1972 mv‡j Kwe‡K XvKvq G‡b

evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wZwb Avgv‡`i RvZxq Kwe| Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, Kve¨MÖš’ : ÔAwMœ-exYvÕ, Ôwe‡li euvkxÕ,

Ômvg¨ev`xÕ, Ôme©nvivÕ, ÔwmÜy-wn‡›`vjÕ, ÔPµevKÕ; Dcb¨vm : Ôg„Zy¨¶zavÕ, ÔKz‡nwjKvÕ; MíMÖš’ : Ôe¨_vi `vbÕ, Ôwi‡³i †e`bÕ, ÔwkDwjgvjvÕ ; cÖeÜMÖš’

: ÔhyMevYxÕ, Ôiy`ª-g½jÕ; bvUK : ÔwSwjwgwjÕ, ÔAv‡jqvÕ, ÔgaygvjvÕ BZ¨vw`| Kwe 1976 wLªóv‡ãi 29†k AvM÷ XvKvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|

4. bvix

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899)

g~jK_v : ÔbvixÕ KweZvwU KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi Ômvg¨ev`xÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ| mvg¨ev`x Kwe bi-bvix Dfq‡KB gvbyl wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb|

wZwb RM‡Z bi I bvixi mvg¨ ev mgvb AwaKv‡i Av¯’vevb| Zvui g‡Z, c…w_ex‡Z gvbemf¨Zv wbg©v‡Y bvix I cyyi‡li Ae`vb mgvb| wKš‘ BwZnv‡m

cyiæ‡li Ae`vb hZUv †jLv n‡q‡Q bvixi Ae`vb ZZUv †jLv nqwb| wKš‘ GLb w`b G‡m‡Q mg AwaKv‡ii| ZvB bvixi Ici wbh©vZb Pj‡e bv,

Zvi AwaKvi‡K ¶ybœ Kiv Pj‡e bv| bvix-cyiæl mevB‡K my›`i I D¾¡j fwel¨r iPbv Ki‡Z n‡e mw¤§wjZfv‡e|

†gBb †dvKvm c‡q›U :

bvixi cÖwZ kª×vkxjZv

gvbemf¨Zvq bvixi Ae`vb †h cyiy‡li †P‡q Kg bq Zv †R‡b bvixi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m‡PZb nIqv

7. bvix :

1. ÔbvixÕ KweZvwUi iPwqZv ‡K?- KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg

2. ÔbvixÕ KweZv msKwjZ- KvRx bRi‡ji Ômvg¨ev`xÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K|

3. 1g wek¦hy‡× bRiæj †Kvb cë‡b †hvM †`b?- evOvwi cë‡b|

4. KZ mv‡j bRiæj‡K XvKvq Avbv nq?- 1972 mv‡j|

5. †K mv‡g¨i Mvb Mvq?- Kwe|

6. wmuwZi wmu`yi w`j gv‡b-¤vgx nviv‡bv|

7. Rqx cyiæl‡`i Kviv †cÖiYv w`‡q‡Q?- bvixiv|

8. RM‡Zi eo eo Awfhvb Kv‡`i Z¨v‡M gnxqvb?- gvZv, fwMœ I eay‡`i|

9. weRjx Kx ai‡Yi cwÎKv?- mßvwnK |

10. Kwe bRiæi‡K evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ †`Iqv nq- 1972 mv‡j|

11. Kwe bRiæ‡ji Rb¥-g„Zy¨ mvj- 1899-1976 |

12. bvix KweZvq wPi Kj¨vbKi Kx?- gnvb m„wó|

13. Kwe bRiæj KZ eQi eq‡m KwUb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nb?- 43 eQi eq‡m|

14. wb‡Ri ˆZix KvivMv‡i fy‡M g‡i †K?- cyiæl|

15. ÔPµevKÕ Kx ai‡Yi †jLv? - Kve¨MÖš’|

16. bvix wmuwZi wmu`yi †Kv_vq w`j?- Awfhv‡b|