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Examples:
1. Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.
Here, the boy woke upis a fact. But why did he wake up?
He woke up because he heard the noise.
In order to add extra meaning to the sentence, the phrase
hearing the noisehas been
added.
The word hearingis formed from the verb hearand governs an
object.
The word hearingqualifies the noun boy as an Adjective does.
The word hearing, therefore, partakes of the nature of both a
verb and an Adjective and is
called PARTICIPLE.
It may be called a Verbal Adjective.
The word, which partakes of the nature of both a verb and an
Adjective, is called
PARTICIPLE
2. I saw an elephant carrying a pack of Vegetables on its
back.
In this sentence, the word carrying qualifies the noun elephant.
So carrying is a
participle.
Here as well as in the above sentence, the participles are in
the continuous forms (hearing
& carrying) of their verbs (hear & carry).
This type of participle is called PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
3. Being the eldest son, John had to shoulder all the
responsibilities of his family after his
father died.
In this sentence, the word being qualifies the pronoun John.
That is a Present Participle.
4. Driven by hunger, He stole a piece of bread.
In this sentence, the word drivenqualifies the noun he. You see
that the word is not in
the Present Participle form.
This type of participle is called PAST PARTICIPLE.
5. Deceived by his friends, he lost all his properties.
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In this sentence also the word deceived is a Past
Participle.
6. Having elected him President, the people gave him the royal
support.
In this different sentence the phrase having elected qualifies
the noun people.
But this phrase is neither Present participle nor Past
Participle.
This phrase indicates an action which came to an end in the near
past.
This type of participle is called PERFECT PARTICIPLE.
7. Having come of age, John entered into partnership with his
father.
In this sentence, the phrase having come is a Perfect
Participle.
Gerunds, like infinitives, look like verbs, but they
actuallyfunction as nouns. Consider the following sentences:
I like goingto the beach. ("like" is the verb;"going" is the
gerund.)
Playingvolleyball at the beach is fun. ("Playing" isthe gerund
and functions as the subject.)
I like eatingcold pizza. ("like" is the verb; "eating"is the
gerund.)
Gerunds are often confused with verbs. Becausegerunds take an
"ing" ending, some students mistakethem for verbs in the continuous
form. If you don't seethe verb "be" in front of a word with an
"ing" ending, it'sprobably a gerund. For example, which sentence
has agerund?:
1. He thinks that learning English is important for
hiscareer.
2. This morning, they're meeting their friends at
theairport.
If you said the first sentence, you're correct! The
secondsentence is in the present continuous tense.
