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Excel 2010
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Mc lc Excel 2010
I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 ...................................................................................... 7
Thm tnh nng Sparkline ............................................................................................................................. 8
Tnh nng Slicers ........................................................................................................................................... 9
nh dng d liu c iu kin ................................................................................................................... 10
PivotTables v PivotCharts .......................................................................................................................... 12
Share Workbook ......................................................................................................................................... 12
I. Ni dung chnh .................................................................................................................................... 13
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel .......................................................................................... 13
1.1 Gii thiu Excel ........................................................................................................................... 13
Excel l g: ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Ribbon l g? .................................................................................................................................... 17
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) ................................................................................ 18
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s ....................................................................... 19
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel ....................................................................................................... 19
Thu nh ca s Excel ...................................................................................................................... 20
Phng to ca s Excel ..................................................................................................................... 20
Thot khi Excel ........................................................................................................................... 20
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng ................................................................................................................. 20
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ............................................................................................. 20
Chn vng ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Sao chp v di chuyn vng ............................................................................................................ 21
Dn c bit (Paste Special) ......................................................................................................... 22
t tn vng .................................................................................................................................. 24
Thm ch thch cho ...................................................................................................................... 25
Chn, xa , dng v ct ............................................................................................................ 26
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng ................................................................................... 27
Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) .............................................................................................. 29
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu ................................................................................................ 29
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt .......................................................................... 30
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang .......................................................................................... 30
Thanh Sheet tab .............................................................................................................................. 30
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn ................................................................................ 31
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook .................................................................................................................. 32
To mi workbook ......................................................................................................................... 32
Lu workbook ................................................................................................................................. 34
ng workbook ............................................................................................................................... 36
Sp xp workbook ........................................................................................................................... 36
1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet ................................................................................................................ 37
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook ................................................................................ 37
i tn worksheet ......................................................................................................................... 38
Xa worksheet ................................................................................................................................ 38
Sp xp th t cc worksheet .................................................................................................... 38
Sao chp worksheet ........................................................................................................................ 39
Chn mu cho sheet tab ................................................................................................................. 39
n/ Hin worksheet ....................................................................................................................... 40
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc ...................................................... 41
S dng thanh Zoom ....................................................................................................................... 41
Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s .............................................................................. 41
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu ...................................................... 42
S dng Watch Window ................................................................................................................. 43
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel ................................................................................................ 43
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh ................................................................................................................... 43
Nhp liu ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Nhp cc k t c bit ................................................................................................................... 45
Hiu chnh ni dung ..................................................................................................................... 46
Nhp ln c sn ni dung ........................................................................................................ 46
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ................................................................................................. 47
2.2. nh dng ..................................................................................................................................... 51
nh dng chung ............................................................................................................................. 51
T ng nh dng c iu kin ..................................................................................................... 59
Bng v nh dng bng (table) ...................................................................................................... 60
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) .................................................................... 62
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu ................................................................................................................. 63
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu .................................................................................................................... 64
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm ............................................................................................... 68
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ........................................................................................................ 68
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) ....................................................................................................... 68
Gii thiu hm (Function) ............................................................................................................... 70
Nhp cng thc v hm .................................................................................................................. 71
Tham chiu trong cng thc ........................................................................................................... 73
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) ............................................................................................. 75
3.2 Cc hm trong excel ...................................................................................................................... 76
a. Nhm hm v thng k ............................................................................................................... 76
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut ............................................................................................... 78
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh ....................................................................... 80
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions ...................................................................................... 81
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l{ C s d liu v Danh sch ..................................................... 86
f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC ............................................................................................. 103
g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU ............................................................................................ 117
Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu ......................................................................................................... 135
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) ....................................................................................................... 135
Sp xp .......................................................................................................................................... 135
Lc d liu ..................................................................................................................................... 136
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart ............................................................................................................. 137
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart ......................................................................................... 138
To mt bo co PivotTable n gin .......................................................................................... 138
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable .................................................................................... 153
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable ................................................ 167
Chng 5: Th Trong Excel ................................................................................................................... 179
5.1 Gii thiu th .......................................................................................................................... 179
5.2. V th ..................................................................................................................................... 180
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th ............................................................................................................. 185
a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th ....................................................................................... 185
Cc thnh phn thng ng .......................................................................................................... 185
t s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D................................................................................... 186
b. Cc thao tc vi th .............................................................................................................. 186
Chn thnh phn trn th ........................................................................................................ 186
Di chuyn th ............................................................................................................................ 186
Sao ch p th ............................................................................................................................. 187
a th ...................................................................................................................................... 187
Thm cc thnh phn ca th................................................................................................... 187
Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th .................................................................................... 187
n th ......................................................................................................................................... 188
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th ................................................................................................. 188
Hiu chnh Chart Area ................................................................................................................... 188
Hiu chnh Flot Area ...................................................................................................................... 190
Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, ...................................... 190
Hiu chnh ng li ngang v c ............................................................................................ 191
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th ............................................................................... 196
a bt mt chui s liu khi th ........................................................................................... 196
Thm chui mi vo th ........................................................................................................... 196
Thay i chui s liu ................................................................................................................... 197
Thm ng xu hng vo th ................................................................................................ 199
Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh ............................................................................................ 200
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel ........................................................................................ 200
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in .................................................................................................. 201
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print ............................................................................................. 207
6.4. Cc lu { khc ............................................................................................................................ 209
Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates .............................................................................................. 209
7.1 Macro .......................................................................................................................................... 209
Ghi mt Macro .............................................................................................................................. 209
Thc thi Macro .............................................................................................................................. 211
Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut ............................................................................................................ 212
8.1 Phm Tt ...................................................................................................................................... 212
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm .............................................................................................. 212
b. Phm tt ......................................................................................................................................... 212
8.2 Th thut ..................................................................................................................................... 216
1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch) .............................................................................. 216
2. Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip ......................................................................................... 221
3. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc ............................................................................ 222
4. S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc ............................. 228
5. iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox. .................................................................. 231
6. nh u nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting ........................................... 238
7. S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun. ...................... 239
8. Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc ......................................................................... 240
9. Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel ............................................................................................. 242
10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel ......................................................... 246
11. To mc lc trong Excel ............................................................................................................ 247
I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010
1. Chc nng Backstage View
Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010.
Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng cc
tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.
Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu,
kch c file...
Thm tnh nng Sparkline
Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi Excel
2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi - Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi
dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell).
Sparklines l cch nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin th vo mt cell.
Sparkline l cch hu ch thm mt y u t tr c quan nhanh v g n.
Tnh nng Slicers
Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca bn
d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc quan su thng qua s lng ln
d liu.
V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh chng
tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan
Khi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.
nh dng d liu c iu kin
Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t sng ch
nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch 1 c click chut
y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. N u bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu khc nhau,
thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v l c d liu. Tuy
nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m
vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn.
Th c hin nh sau: qut ch n mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau bm nt
Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty ch n:
Kiu nh gi sng lc:
Kiu nh gi ny s sng l c d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring ra
ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh th c hin sng l c ti ch bng cch
lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l hai nhm
quy lut chnh:
Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater Than... (ln
hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no , Between (gia 2 gi
tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi
gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau).
Khi bn ch n xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp gi
tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh . Xong, bn bm OK
chng trnh th c thi trong bng tnh.
- Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10 c gi tr ln
nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom
10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c
gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn ch n nh gi theo d liu hng Top
hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20,
Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt.
Kiu nh gi hin th mc :
- Data Bars: bn bm ch n kiu nh gi ny, ch n mt mu ng trong menu hin ra. Khi ,
trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip bn d dng so
snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn
cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp.
- Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi
mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi ch n nhm Color Scales, bn hy ch n
mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng ch n ca
bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch ch n Color Scales > More Rules.
- Icon Sets: bm ch n Icon Sets, ch n mt nhm biu tng mong mu n, chng trnh s t
ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn tr c quan v bng tnh.
V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du biu
th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt mc ,
chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so snh v ti n
hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc
chung ca c ct hoc dng.
Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch ch n More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets.
Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut
nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt
mt thi gian. T t nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y
cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng ch n, xa chng m khng mt d liu,
bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, ch n mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear Rules
from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct ch n), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This Table (ch
xa trong bng ang x l).
C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to ra
nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa h c v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao, giao
din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng l c d liu chun xc v c o. Chc chn khi
s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh ton trong
Excel.
PivotTables v PivotCharts
Gi ng nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c th c hin mt cch d dng trong giao din mi
ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic l c c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to mt
PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn c th
phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu
hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th th c hin cho cc biu
thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng c duy tr khi
thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo cch m n lm vic
trong cc phin bn Excel trc y.
Share Workbook
Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c qun l ni
dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic
nhm.
I. Ni dung chnh
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel
1.1 Gii thiu Excel
Excel l g:
Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chyr chng trnh
ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d dng hn trong vic th c hin:
Tnh ton i s , phn tch d liu
Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch
Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau
V th v cc s
T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro
V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc
nhau.
Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton, v
th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn
c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt
workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn.
Worksheet: Cn g i tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c g i l bng
tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc ct v cc dng.
Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng
(phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng).
Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart sheet
rt hu ch khi bn mu n xem ring l tng th.
Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca ca s
workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn
n trong thanh sheet tab.
Cc thnh phn ca Workbook
Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (d a trn chun XML gip vic trao i
d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l .XLS.
Giao din Excel
Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu tp
tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office gi ng nh th c n File ca cc
phin bn trc.
Chng ta c th ch bi n thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng nht.
Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp
nhanh. N u cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn ch n More Commands m ca
s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh.
Cc lnh trong th c n Office
Bng l a ch n lnh truy cp nhanh
Hp thoi ch bi n thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh
Ribbon l g?
Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh th c n truyn
th ng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh g i l Ribbon. C
cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer,
Add-Ins.
Thanh cng c Ribbon
Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh: ct,
dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp x p, tm
ki m, l c d liu,
Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu,
Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thi t lp in n.
Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range),
cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.
Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d
liu,
Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thi t lp
bo v bng tnh.
View: Thi t lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh,
Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng ngi
c hiu bi t v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular
Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.
Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung, cc
hm b sung,
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu)
Khi mu n th c hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh v)
trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh th c n hin ra
cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn ch n.
Th c n ng cnh
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s
1.2.1. M Excel
Thao tc:
B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri
B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi ch n
Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li.
B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel
Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel
Thu nh ca s Excel
Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt gc trn
cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu g n li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh Taskbar
ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.
Phng to ca s Excel
Thao tc:
Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh
Nhp chut vo biu tng thu g n ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn
pha di mn hnh
Thot khi Excel
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot
Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)
a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng trong
bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc di
bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c xc
nh l : (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn g n l A:A) v : (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4).
V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11,
vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v
cu i ca vng l H12.
a ch v vng
Chn vng
N u dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca vng
cn ch n, sau gi tri chut ko xu ng di qua phi n v tr cu i cng ca vng v th
chut. N u dng phm th sau khi ch n u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm
v n cu i ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l ch n
cu i ca vng trc v ko ch n n u tin).
Khi mu n ch n c sheet hin hnh th nhn , cn mu n ch n c workbook (ngha l
ch n tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Select All Sheets.
Sao chp v di chuyn vng
Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d liu
g c cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu g c s c di di n
v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi ch n vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn,
sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut th c hin:
Dng Ribbon: Ch n vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt hay
(Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt (Paste). Bn c
th g i cc lnh trn t th c n ng cnh nhp phi chut.
Chut: Ch n vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl n u l sao chp (khng gi thm
phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn n v
th chut.
Dn c bit (Paste Special)
Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh vo
vi mt s ch n l c no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste Special Sau
khi ch n vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut, ch n lnh Paste
Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s l a ch n nh bng sau:
Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special
Hng mc M t
All Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun
Formulas Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng
Values Ch dn gi tr v k t qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng
Formats Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
Comments Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
Validation Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc th c d liu cho vng ch
All using source theme Dn vo m i th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun
All except borders Dn vo m i th v loi b cc khung vin
Column widths Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct
Formulas and number
formats
Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng g c ca cc con s , cc
nh dng khc b loi b.
Values and number
formats
Dn vo gi tr, k t qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng g c ca cc
con s .
None Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo
Add Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch
Subtract Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca vng
ngun.
Multiply Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca
vng ngun.
Divide Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca
vng ngun
Skip blanks . Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch
Transpose Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li
Paste Link Dn vo v tham chi u ch n ngun
t tn vng
Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c gn
tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn gip vic
tham chi u tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay ch n cc vng c t tn rt nhanh
chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di t i a 255 k t khng cha khong
trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s , tn khng c t
gi ng cc a ch tham chi u. t tn trc tin ta ch n vng cn t tn ch n nhm
Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name hin ra. y, bn hy
nhp tn vng vo hp Name ch n Scope, nhp ch thch n u cn, xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra
bn cn c th t tn tr c ti p t hp Name box hoc t tn cho vng ch n t Formulas
Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng th c n ng cnh.
Mu n m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names
Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn hin
hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n,
Thm ch thch cho
hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r rng
hn. thm ch thch v , chn ch n nhm Review Comments New
Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch
v ch n Insert Comment.
c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review Comments
Next hay Previous.
n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt c)
hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang ch n).
Hiu chnh ch thch vo ch n cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments
Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut v ch n Edit Comment t
th c n ng cnh.
Xa ch thch vo ch n cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc
nhp phi chut v ch n Delete Comment.
Minh h a cho hin cc ch thch
Chn, xa , dng v ct
Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v
dch chuyn cc ang ch n qua phi hoc xu ng di. Tng t , ta c th chn thm cc dng
bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct.
Chn trng
B1. Ch n cc m bn mu n chn cc tr ng vo (mu n ch n cc khng lin tc th gi
Ctrl trong khi ch n cc ).
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Ch n l a ch n ph hp
trong hp thoi Insert
Chn dng
B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mu n chn s dng tng ng
pha trn cc dng ny.
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows
Minh h a chn cc dng tr ng ln trn cc dng ang ch n
Chn ct
B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mu n chn s ct tng ng
pha bn tri cc ct ny.
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns
Xa cc , dng v ct
B1. Ch n cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa
B2. Ch n Home Cells Delete ch n kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng
Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th
trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t , khi rng l 0 th ct c n i.
Tng t , chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1
point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n
i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct:
B1. Ch n dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng
B2. Ch n Home Cells Format Ch n lnh ph hp
Row Height ch n lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng
AutoFit Row Height ch n lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi ni
dung.
Column Width ch n lnh ny qui nh rng ct
AutoFit Column Width ch n lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi ni
dung.
Default Width ch n lnh ny khi bn mu n qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet
hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c
workbook bng cch ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh. Ngoi cch
thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn.
Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k
hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t , mu n
thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v
ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xu ng di tng chiu cao dng.
Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch
ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh.
Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc
nhanh hn. Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut
hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct.
Tng t , mu n thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut
hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xu ng di tng chiu cao dng.
Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)
Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi n i nhiu thnh mt , n u tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn h t d liu ln
gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li, d liu
ca cc khc s b xa.
B1. Ch n cc cn n i li.
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong dng
cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu
Sau khi chuyn n i v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri.
B1. Ch n ang b n i.
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u c.
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt
Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cu n d c, thanh cu n ngang, sheet tab, cc
t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng tnh.
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang
Thanh cu n d c v thanh cu n ngang c g i chung l cc thanh cu n (scroll bars). Bi v mn
hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng
thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem
phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh.
Thanh cu n d c l thanh di nht, nm d c bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi tn
xu ng; gia c thanh trt cu n mn hnh ln xu ng.
Thanh cu n ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng gi ng
thanh cu n d c, ch khc l nm ngang.
Thanh cu n ngang
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cu n mn hnh i sang tri.
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cu n mn hnh sang phi.
Thanh Sheet tab
di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab. Ngoi ra
chng ta c th dng di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v
di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn
nhp chut v nt trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cu i cng th bn nhp chut vo nt
trn thanh sheet tab. N u mu n n mt sheet no trong trng hp c qu nhiu sheet th
bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v ch n tn sheet cn n.
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn
n c ni cn thi t trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cu n cc thanh cu n ngang v
d c, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn c
nhanh hn.
Nhn phm Di chuyn
hoc Tab Sang bn phi
hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri
Ln dng
Xu ng dng
Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh
Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet
Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet
Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh
Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh
Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh
Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook
To mi workbook
Ch n nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu l a ch n
to workbook nh: workbook tr ng, workbook theo mu d ng sn, workbook d a trn mt
workbook c. to workbook tr ng, bn ch n Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.
Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xu ng di mt mn hnh
F5 M hp thoi Go To
End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l tr ng
End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l tr ng
End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l tr ng
End + hoc Ctrl + Xu ng pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l tr ng
Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh
Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh
M workbook c sn trn a
Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:
1. Ch n nt Office ch n tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c t i
a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th nhn
vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this
number of Recent Documents ).
2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v nhp
chut hai ln ln tn tp tin.
3. Ch n nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta
phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v ch n tn tp tin cn m sau nhn nt
Open m tp tin. Cc ty ch n ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh
thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn
sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh),
Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).
Lu workbook
t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh th c hin lnh lu li cng vic
th c hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng t n nhiu thi gian nhng n u my b
hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu,
bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng th c hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh
(mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn ch n nt Office
Excel Options Save, sau nh du ch n vo Save AutoRecover information
every minutes.
Mt s cch lu workbook:
1. Ch n nt Office Save
2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar).
3. Dng t hp phm hoc .
N u tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu ti p cc phn cp nht, cn n u l tp tin
c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy ch n
ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, ch n kiu tp tin ti
Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr.
Minh h a lu tp tin
Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn tp
tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng c
dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |
bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bi t mt m mi c
php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!).
B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra.
B2. Nhn nt Tools ch n General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra
B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt).
Sau nhn nt OK
B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK
B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK
B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.
Dng mt m bo v workbook
Cc ty ch n trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk trc
khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify (mt m
cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c).
ng workbook
Mt s cch ng workbook:
1. Ch n nt Office Close
2. Dng chut ch n nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).
3. Dng t hp phm hoc . N u workbook c s thay i ni dung th
Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i .
Sp xp workbook
Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp x p li: R
chut nhn vo nhm lnh View ch n nt Arrange All Ch n kiu b tr thch hp.
Sp x p cc workbook trong ca s Excel
1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook
C nhiu cch th c hin:
1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab
2. Dng t hp phm chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh.
3. Nhn ch n nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet
4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, ch n
Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.
Minh h a chn sheet mi
i tn worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, ch n Rename, g tn mi vo, xong
nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng
c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? *
Xa worksheet
Mu n xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Ch n sheet mu n xa ch n nhm Home ch n nhm Cells Delete Delete
sheet
2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n xa sau ch n Delete, xc nhn xa OK.
Sp xp th t cc worksheet
C nhiu cch th c hin sp x p worksheet nh:
1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th chut.
2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p, ch n
Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp ch n ln tn sheet trong danh sch
m bn mu n di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK.
Sao chp worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln sheet, ch n Move or Copych n v tr t bn sao trong vng Before
sheet nh du ch n vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh
bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut ch n ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n
v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut.
sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi ch n nhiu sheet trc khi
th c hin lnh. ch n c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm ch n sheet.
chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau
th c hin lnh Move or Copy v nh ch n tn workbook ch ti To book (n u ch n
workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt workbook mi).
Chn mu cho sheet tab
Vic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c t t hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch cn
nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, ti p theo hy ch n Tab Color v ch n mu thch hp.
n/ Hin worksheet
Khi bn khng mu n ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i. Khng
th n h t cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n. Mu n n
sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n n v ch n Hide th l sheet c n.
Khi mu n cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v ch n Unhide
sau ch n tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s
c c gc nhn t t hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt worksheet di nhiu gc khc
nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chi u, hay gi c nh tiu
mt danh sch di trong khi cu n cc thanh cu n,
S dng thanh Zoom
Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh.
Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung
lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt
du tr.
Thanh Zoom
Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s
Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mu n xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong cng
mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn thm ch s
pha sau tn tp tin. Ch n nhm View Window New Window
so snh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn ch n ti p nhm View Window
View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cu n thanh cu n ca s ny th
ca s kia cng c cu n theo. tt tnh nng cu n ng thi ny bn vo View Window
Synchronous Scrolling (n u n ang bt).
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu
Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn phi
th c hin nhiu vic tham chi u. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia trn
bng tnh, sau ch n View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split
li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia d c v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc
thanh cu n d c v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng (cng
c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mu n chia trn ca s lm vic
ca bng tnh.
Minh h a chia 4, chia 2 d c, chia 2 ngang
Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s lm
vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun
thy c dng tiu mc d cu n mn hnh xu ng pha di nhp liu. c nh bn
hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau ch n View Window Freeze Panes
ch n kiu c nh ph hp. N u ch n:
Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh
Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Minh h a c nh cc tiu
b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes
S dng Watch Window
Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mu n gim st no th a
n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. G i ca s Watch Window bn ch n
nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau ch n cn theo di v
nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window.
Ca s Watch Window
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s , cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton h c.
Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng
cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.
Nhp liu
Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm
B1. Trn worksheet, ch n cn nhp liu
B2. Nhp vo con s , chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn
B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xu ng di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn qua
phi) k t thc.
Lu :
N u nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn tng
thm chiu rng ct.
Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn.
Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l Text
trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number ch n Text t danh sch).
Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel
Regional and Language Options.
Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi
mu n nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g . Khi mu n dng nh dng ngy mc nh cho
cha ngy th ch n v g .
Khi nhp thi gian v mu n nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi
gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, n u khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mu n nhp
thi gian hin ti vo hy g . Khi mu n dng nh dng thi gian mc nh
cho cha thi gian th ch n v g . Mu n nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu
, bn hy ch n cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn . Ngoi ra cn c th s dng
chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mu n nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn hy ch n
cc sheet , sau ch n cc trn sheet hin hnh, ti p theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b
nhp ln cc c d liu). b ch n cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v
ch n Ungroup Sheets.
V d nhp cc loi d liu
Nhp cc k t c bit
B1. Mu n nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin ch n v n ni cn chn trong .
B2. Ch n Insert nhm Text ch n Symbol
B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy ch n k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font.
B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.
V d chn vo
Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng
hy mt lnh va th c hin bn nhn chut ln nt hay dng phm
ang nhp liu vo mu n hy th nhn phm ESC
phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt hay dng phm
th c hin li lnh sau cng nhn
Hiu chnh ni dung
Xa ni dung cc B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu cn xa
B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng ca vn cn).
Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( ) v ch n cc lnh:
Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng
Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca
Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng
Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca n u c
Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table)
Nhp ln c sn ni dung
Mu n nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy ch n v nhp vo ni dung
mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp .
Hiu chnh ni dung cc
Mu n hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau:
1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn di chuyn
n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung sau nhp
vo ni dung mi.
2. Ch n cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn
3. Ch n cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula)
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu
S dng chc nng AutoFill
S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn. Ngoi
ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh.
Danh sach mt s AutoFill co san
Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng
1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6
9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00
Mon Tue, Wed, Thu
Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
Jan Feb, Mar, Apr
Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan
Jan-99, Apr-99 Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00
15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct
1999, 2000 2001, 2002, 2003
1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...
Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...
Product 1, On backorder Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,...
Text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...
1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...
Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...
Bn mu n in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau:
B1. Ch n u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1
B2. Ch n ti p theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo cha
s l trc c c s l k ti p).
B3. Ch n hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xu ng du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc di
bn phi vng ch n cho chut bi n thnh du cng mu en.
B4. Gi tri chut ko xu ng pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.
Khi bn mu n in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn
tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Ch n hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v
ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xu ng, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao
chp.
2. Ch n cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau
vo Home nhm Editing Fill ch n hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up, Left).
T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong
phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel ch n Edit Custom Lists hp
thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries, sau
khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc
nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn.
Mu n xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn ch n danh sch v nhn nt Delete.
N u mu n hiu chnh danh sch th ch n danh sch v hiu chnh trong List entries, sau
khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add.
S dng chc nng Automatic Completion
Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn gi ng nhau cc c
nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn vo
nt Office Excel Options ch n Tab Advance ti Editing options Enable
AutoComplete for cell values.
S dng chc nng AutoCorrect
AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ti ng Anh, ngoi ra n cn
gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc
cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch
AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau:
B1. Ch n nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options
B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect ch n Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng
B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m t c k)
B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m t c k)
B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch
hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th ch n mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai hp
Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mu n xa mt mc t trong danh sch th ch n mc
t v nhn nt Delete.
Minh h a thm m t c k vn v nguyn vn
2.2. nh dng
nh dng chung
Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home ca
thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn ch
vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.
nh dng vn bn v s
Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp
vo hp thoi Format Cells: Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells
Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells
nh dng M t
Tab Number
Category Danh sch cc loi nh dng s , gi tr
Sample Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn
ch n
Decimal places T i a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number,
Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific.
Use 1000 Separator (,) Ch n ny n u mu n c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p
dng cho dng Number
Negative numbers Ch n loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number v
Currency.
Symbol Ch n loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting
Type Ch n kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date,
Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.
Locale (location) Ch n loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho
cc dng Date, Time, v Special.
Tab Alignment
Text alignment Horizontal C cc l a ch n dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc
nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l
v cc li c canh gia.
Vertical C cc l a ch n dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu d c. Mc nh
Excel canh l di cho vn bn.
Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca .
Orientation Ch n cc hng ca vn bn trong cc .
Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90
Text control Wrap text Ni dung trong c xu ng nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v
di ni dung. (xem chi ti t phn di)
Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct
Merge cells N i cc ch n thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn)
Right-to-left Text direction Xc nh trnh t c v canh l
Tab Font
Font Ch n kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri
Font style Ch n kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l
Regular.
Size Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point.
Underline Ch n kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None.
Color Ch n mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t ch n mu)
Normal font N u ch n s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh thng
Effects Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn
Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn
Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xu ng di
Preview Xem trc k t qu nh dng bn va ch n
Tab Border
Line Ch n kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau ch n cc nt bn hp
Border k
Presets Ch n khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia cc
Color Ch n mu cho cc ng k
Border Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh h a dng k cc ng bao cc
Tab Fill
Background Color Ch n mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn
(xem chi ti t phn di).
More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu.
Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn
Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc k t qu ch n mu v kiu mu ti
Sample
Tab Protection
Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi sheet
c bo v
Hidden n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem phn
sau)
General Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s
th nh dng
General chuyn sang dng Scientific
Number Dng nh dng cc con s , bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn
v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th ch n kiu hin
th s m.
Currency Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th ch n du
phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c
th ch n kiu hin th s m.
Accounting Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t
v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.
Date Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo ch n l a ti phn
Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h
th ng (Control Panel).
Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo ch n l a ti
phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t
h th ng (Control Panel).
Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau k t
qu, bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau
du thp phn.
Fraction nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn ch n.
Scientific Hin th con s di dng khoa h c . V d, s
12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010.
Bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du
thp phn.
Text nh dng ni dung gi ng nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s .
Special nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s
bo him
Custom Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc nh
dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to
ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)
S dng Wrap Text
Khi bn mu n on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc
dng xu ng dng ti v tr mong mu n.
B1. Ch n cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Wrap Text ( ). N u dng khng t ng m rng
l do b thi t lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti Cells Size
ch n AutoFit Row Height
Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Ch n cc cn xoay ch A1:D1
B2. Ch n Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise
nh dng khung (border)
K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh v
mu tt c ng k l mu .
B1. Ch n danh sch cn k khung B2:E18
B2. Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Ch n Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Border, ch n mu l Red ( ) ti Color
B4. Ch n Style l nt m , sau ch n nt Outline ti Preset
B5. Ch n Style l nt mnh , sau ch n nt Inside ti Preset
B6. Nhn OK hon tt
Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)
B1. Ch n vng cn t mu nn B2:E18
B2. Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Ch n Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Fill Ch n Fill Effects
B4. Ch n cc mu cn ph i hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue)
B5. Ch n Shading styles l Vertical v ch n kiu th 3
B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.
T ng nh dng c iu kin.
Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng rt
n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn ribbon
Home. Khi a chut trn nhng l a ch n, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn
cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d
liu trong su t phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc ti n hnh ny cho php n gin hn rt nhiu
so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel 2003.
Bng v nh dng bng (table)
Excel thi t lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu mi.
Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c
th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thi t.
p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng
B1. Ch n danh B2:E18
B2. Ch n Home nhm Styles ch n Format As Table
B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, ch n mt trong cc biu mu. V d
ch n mu Light s 9
B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn.
to mu mi th ti bc 3 ch n New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v
nhn Format ch bi n biu mu.
Mu n xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom nhp
phi chut ln biu mu v ch n Delete.
Cc ty ch n hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon
Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch
xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy ch n bng, ti Tab Design vo
nhm Table Styles ch n More ( ) ch n Clear. n lc ny vng ch n vn cn l
bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng.
chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th ch n bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm Tools
ch n Convert to Range.
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)
Cc mu ti liu d ng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip v
rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thi t k sn vi nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh,
th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bi n cc mu
ny.
p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo ch n nhm Page Layout Themes Ch n mt
biu mu t danh sch.
C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors ch n li mu, vo Fonts ch n li kiu Font v
vo Effects ch n li hiu ng.
Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng.
To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes ch n Colors
ch n Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes ch n Fonts ch n
Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi to.
Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng v
khng b thay i ni dung.
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu
tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu:
Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home
Ch n Find hoc Replace
Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What (n u bn
ch n Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong mc
Replace with (n u bn ch n Replace bc trn).
Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty ch n
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt
bng tnh c thi t lp d a trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
th c hin mt sp x p theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
nh du cc mu n c sp x p
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp
sp x p nhiu hn mt ct:
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin
Kch Add Level
Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p
Kch OK
Lc d liu
B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b
l c:
Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mu n l c
Nhn chut vo y xem
nh g c
khng p dng b l c, kch nt Sort & Filter
Kch Clear
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm:
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)
Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, n u khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng
gi ng nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr
trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra
k t qu mi gip chng ta t n cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn
g?
Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s k t hp ca cc
ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm.
V d:
V d v cng thc
Cc ton t trong cng thc
Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu
+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6
- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41
* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5
/ Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1
^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn
bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
& N i chui =L & Thanh N i chui L v Thanh li
thnh L Thanh
= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:
FALSE
> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:
FALSE
< Nh hn =A1= Ln hn hoc
bng
=A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:
FALSE
Ton t M t u tin
: (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du phy) Ton t tham chi u 1
S m (v d 1) 2
% Phn trm 3
^ Ly tha 4
* v / Nhn v chia 5
+ v Cng v tr 6
& N i chui 7
= < > = So snh 8
Gii thiu hm (Function)
Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc th c hin mt chc nng no . Vic
s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta ti t kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton
th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh v c, c nhng
hm khng yu cu i s , c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s , v cc i s c th l
bt buc hoc t ch n.
V d:
=Rand(): hm khng c i s
=If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s
=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty ch n
Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau:
Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID,
Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue,
Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,
Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.
Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,
Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,
Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,
Hm lun l: If, And, Or,
Hm tham chi u v tm ki m: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet,
Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round,
Hm th ng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf,
Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,
Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn sau.
Nhp cng thc v hm
Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mu n nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du
= v sau l s k t hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm. Bn c
th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c tr n cng thc. Mt iu h t sc lu khi lm vic
trn bng tnh l trnh nhp tr c ti p cc con s , gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham
chi u.
V d:
Minh h a dng tham chi u trong hm
Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp tr c sut chi t tnh 10%
vo hm m nn tham chi u n a ch cha n l I2, v n u li sut c thay i th ta ch cn
nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c k t qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh
sa li cng thc.
Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t tn
vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau:
B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(
B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra
B3. Ch n LaiSuat v nhn OK
B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3
B5. Ch n DongTien v nhn OK
B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du +
B7. Nhp chut vo B2
B8. Nhn phm Enter
Chn tn vng vo cng thc
Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi
bn mu n s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon ch n nhm Formulas Function
Library -> ch n nhm hm -> ch n hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt
g i hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn
nhn vo Help on this function.
Hp thoi Insert Function
Tham chiu trong cng thc
Cc tham chi u s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi t n cng sa cha cc cng thc
khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chi u sau:
Tham chi u a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chi u s thay i khi chng ta sao
chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m
ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4
Tham chi u a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chi u khng thay i khi ta di di
hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4
Tham chi u hn hp: Ph i hp tham chi u a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5
ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.
Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm F4
nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng
cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.
Minh h a a ch tng i v tuyt i
B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut ch n c vng D2:D14 v g .
Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi
khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v
chng ta mu n khi sao chp cng thc xu ng pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay
i theo.
B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xu ng cc E3:E14. Chng
ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mu n khi sao cng thc xu ng th cc cng
thc sao chp vn tham chi u n B17 tnh ton.
B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15.
Lu :
Tham chi u n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng
Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:
=A2*Sheet2!A2
=A2*Thong so!B4
Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
Tham chi u n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.
V d:
=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n
=A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m
=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)
Cc li thng dng
Li Gii thch
#DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng
#NAME? Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chi u hoc nh thi u du nhy
#N/A Cng thc tham chi u n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca
d liu hoc hm khng c k t qu
#NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn
chung nn phn giao rng
#NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s
dng
#REF! Tham chi u b li, thng l do tham chi u trong hm b xa
#VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.
3.2 Cc hm trong excel
a. Nhm hm v thng k
AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo trung
bnh ca ch ng. Thng ng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu
AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng
AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng gi
tr logic
AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo mt
iu kin
AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng
theo nhiu iu kin
COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch
COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch
COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng
COUNT F (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy
COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc
DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh mu
ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li.
FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin
bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny dng cng
thc mng
GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s ng. Thng
ng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li k p c cc li bin i c cho trc...
HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh
cng) ca cc s
KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc phng
tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun
LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu
MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr
MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr
logic v text
MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.
MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr
MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr
logic v text
MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr
PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu
PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong mt
mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu
PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.
QUART LE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong kho
st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm...
RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s
SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca
phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n
SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s
STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu
STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng gi
tr logic
STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp
STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc gi tr
logic
VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu
VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text
VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp
VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr
logic v text.
TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi t
l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu.
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut
BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly
beta.
BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc
sut tch ly beta.
BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th
thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn phi
chi-squared.
CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-squared
v s bc t o tng ng.
CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt kz vng l thuyt
CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc tch
ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng ng bo m cc ng dng t cht
lng...
EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng ng m phng thi gian
gia cc bin c...
FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng ng
tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...
FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc
sut F. Thng ng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu
FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng ng xc nh xem hai
mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng...
FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng ng kim tra gi thuyt da trn h
s tng quan...
FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng ng phn tch mi tng
quan gia cc mng s liu...
GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th ng
nghin cu c phn b lch
GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma.
GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma
HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln
thnh cng no ...)
LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly
lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST)
LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong
logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev.
NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v xc
sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut khng
i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s)
NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal distribution).
Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt
NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun
NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal cumulative
distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1
NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc
POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng ng c tnh s lng
bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh
PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy nm
gia hai gii hn
STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean v
standard_dev
TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t), trong
x l gi tr tnh t t v c ng tnh xc sut.
TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.
TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student.
WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong phn
tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b.
ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh
CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi quan h ca hai
c tnh
COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung bnh
cc tch s
FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng cch s
dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh
GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm
m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c.
INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y bng
cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc
LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng
phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi d
liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng.
LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh ng
cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t ng cong .
Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng
PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc khng
th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s
liu
RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r),
thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's
SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc
im d liu
STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x trong hi
quy.
TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions
ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh li
tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh kz
ACCR NT (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li theo
kz hn
AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao
trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h thng k
ton theo kiu Php)
AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao
trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)
COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u kz li ti ngy kt
ton
COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong kz li bao gm c ngy
kt ton
COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti ngy
tnh li k tip
COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li k
tip k t sau ngy kt ton
COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong khong
t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn
COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh ton
li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton
CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i vi
khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr i
vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s
gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong thi
gian xc nh.
DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s
gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l no , trong
mt khong thi gian xc nh.
DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng khon
DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi dollar
dng thp phn
DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi dollar
dng phn s
DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn hiu lc
Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti ca
dng lun chuyn tin mt v c ng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li nhun
ca gi tr tri phiu)
EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut anh ngha
hng nm v tng s kz thanh ton li kp mi nm
FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr kz hn ca s u t a trn vic chi tr c nh
theo kz v li sut c nh
FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr kz hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p dng mt
chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr kz hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i)
INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho mt chng
khon u t ton b
IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t a trn vic
chi tr c nh theo kz v da trn li sut khng i
IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th hin
bi cc tr s
ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt kz no i vi mt khon vay c li
sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho kz .
MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn Macauley sa
i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100
MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui lun
chuyn tin mt theo chu kz
NOMIN