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International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2019; 7(6): 05-09
E-ISSN: 2321-2187
P-ISSN: 2394-0514
IJHM 2019; 7(6): 05-09
Received: 04-09-2019 Accepted: 08-10-2019
Sardar Irfan Mehmood
Department of Botany, Govt.
Boys PGC College, Poonch Azad,
Abbaspur, Kashmir, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Nuzhat Shafi
Department of Zoology,
University Muzaffarabad Azad,
Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir,
India
Zeenat Jannat,
Department of Zoology,
University of Poonch Rawalakot
Azad, Kashmir, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Shabnum Shahida
Department of Chemistry,
University of Poonch Rawalakot
Azad, Kashmir, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Sajid Majeed
Department of Horticulture,
University of Poonch Rawalakot
Azad, Kashmir, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Tariq Habib
Department of Botany,
University of Muzaffarabad
Azad, Kashmir, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Corresponding Author:
Sardar Irfan Mehmood
Department of Botany, Govt.
Boys PGC College, Poonch Azad,
Abbaspur, Kashmir, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Exploration of exotic ethno botanical potential in
district Poonch Azad Jammu Kashmir
Sardar Irfan Mehmood, Nuzhat Shafi, Zeenat Jannat, Shabnum Shahida,
Sajid Majeed and Tariq Habib
Abstract Azad Jammu and Kashmir is a famous natural territory with ecological zones for medicinal and aromatic
plants. Especially district Poonch is blessed with wide range of climatic zones from subtropical to alpine
zones which provide a home for medicinal herbs. Keeping these facts in mind twelve exotic species
(Calendula officinalis L., Cynara scolymus L., Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers., Lavendula angustifolia
Mill., Mimosa pudica L. Mentha X piperita L., Melissa officinalis L. Origanum majurona L. Rosmarinus
officinalis L., Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), Solanum muricatum Ait., Thymus vulgaris L. were acquired
from (Bio Conservation Institute) NARC Islamabad and were planted in botanical repository at Govt.
Boys College Campus. After successful plantation and cultivation different formulations like powder, oil,
paste, infusion and extract were prepared from these medicinal plants. To check medicinal value of each
species these formulation were distributed to 100 local habitants of Azad Kashmir. These investigations
on exotic species in local area were continued during the last four years. These studies revealed that AJK
has good adoptability for exotic species. Introduction, adoptability and ethno botanical collaboration of
exotic MAPs can be proved beneficial for local peoples for curing basic health problems and for
pharmaceutical developments.
Keywords: adaptability, AJK, exotic flora, ethno botany, MAPs
Introduction
Azad Kashmir is situated between 73o28o14 East longitude and 34o22o25 North latitude. India
held Kashmir is located towards East, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in West, Punjab on South and
Northern Areas on North. This state is bestowed with different ecological zones with drastic
medicinal plant diversity [1]. Usage of medicinal plants in natural and allopathic medicines has
tremendously increased during recent years in urban and rural parts of the world [2]. Native
people of every region of world widely using plant based medicines providing a roadmap for
modern drug developments in pharmaceutical industry [3]. Utilization of medicinal plants to
combat different types of diseases can be traced back to human origin on earth [4]. Plants are
providing clothing, food, shelter, decoration and treatments of various ailments [5]. About 20%
medicinal plants have been explored for medicinal purposes up till now [6]. Domestication of
plants for medicinal purposes, cosmetic usage and for forage is evident from human history [7].
Ethno botanists investigate and document information about interaction between human
culture and plants. Their main focus was utilization, and management of plants in different
societies [8].
In ethno botany taxonomic, morphological and ecological skills were essential to study
cultural concepts about different plants [9].
Recent investigation on usage of medicinal plants revealed that about 70% Himalayan
population and 75% Pakistani people depend upon medicinal plants to meet their health care
requirements [10, 11]. Further it is reported that about 600 plant species are used for medicinal
purposes in Pakistan [12].
A major part of population in Pakistan depending upon ethno medicines are restricted to
western area due to presence of Himalaya habiting major bulk nearly 8000 of MAPs [13, 14].
The state of Jammu Kashmir is famous for its native and regional flora providing a sustainable
home for exotic and indigenous plant species. Small piece of work has been done about exotic
flora of state of Jammu Kashmir [15, 16]. Thirty seven genera of indigenous and alien were
documented in Kashmir among them thirty seven species have been naturalized. There is gap
of investigations on medicinal, ornamental, species in Kashmir [17]. Plant based industries have
hedge potential in state of Jammu Kashmir due to its facilitating climato-edaphic environment [18]. Medicinal and ornamental flora in Kashmir flourish well as compare to neabouring regions
of this state [19]. Shifting of plant species from indigenous areas to new areas is part of human
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International Journal of Herbal Medicine http://www.florajournal.com/ history for plantation purposes [20]. Rate of introduction of
new species in new regions has increased during recent years
due economic values of plants in internationalized and
globalized world [21]. Recent investigation on exotic flora of
Kashmir revealed that it is ideal place for lavender cultivation
which is a important medicinal plant and is also part of our
study [22].
Current research work first time investigates collectively
introduction, cultivation, documentation, and ethno botanical
usage of exotic medicinal and aromatic plants in Azad
Kashmir. Ultimately creating a scientific room for all has
stake holders who have deep concern with plant oriented
medication.
Materials and Methods
All twelve species of MAPs were acquired from (Bio
Conservation Institute) NARC Islamabad and were planted in
repository and targeted areas in AJK. Then various types of
preparations (diction, paste, oil, extract) were prepared and
distributed to 100 local inhabitants. Information on the ethno
botanical properties of medicinal plants was collected from
100 local inhabitants and herbalists and all categories using
open ended and semi-structured questionnaires during months
of August 2014-Jul 2019. Ethno medicinal study was carried
out according to [23]. Standard ethno botanical methods such
as participant involvement, observation and open semi
structured interviews were used to gather the information.
Plant were identified and herbarium specimens were
deposited at Azad Jammu Kashmir Herbarium (AJKMAPH) [24, 25]. Labeled field images of plant species were taken
according to [26] for end users to resolve ambiguous taxonomic
identification. The medicinal enumerated alphabetically
names along with their respective family.
Results and Discussion
In current study 12 selected exotic species were planted and
investigated for medicinal usage. Detail descriptions
Botanical names, family, introduced name, origin, habit, part
used, medicinal usage was briefly described below (Table 1).
Twelve species were cultivated and propagated at College
Campus and each plant species showed 100% growth and
survival rates were represented in Fig: I and II. Mode of
preparations of medicine from each plant was elaborated in
Fig: III. Actual native origins of each plant species under
study were elaborated in Fig: V.
Table: I: Exotic medicinal flora used for the treatment of different diseases in Azad Kashmir Under study.
Botanical name Family Introduced local name Origin Habit Part used Medicinal usages References
Cynara
scolymus L. Asteraceae Kandara Mediterranean region H L
Hepatoprotective, lowers cholesterol level,
anti-diabetic [27, 28, 29]
Calendula
officinalis L. Asteraceae Gulasrafi Southern Europe H F
Antitumor, antispasmodic, Blood purifier,
wound healer. [30, 31, 32]
Kalanchoe pinnata
Pers. Crassulaceae Pather Chat Africa H L
Antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, Hepatoprotective
kidney stones breaker. [33, 34, 35]
Lavender
angustifolia Mill. Lamiaceae Lavender
Mediterranean
region S F & L Antimicrobial, antidepressant, Perfumery. [22, 46]
Mimosa pudica L. Fabaceae Chi Mui Tropical America,
Australia. H L & R
Anticonvulsant, arresting bleeding, skin
diseases [38, 39, 40]
Mentha x piprata Lamiaceae Sat Podina Middle East H F & L Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiseptic,
carminative, [41, 42, 43]
Melissa officinalis
L. Lamiaceae Lemon bom Mediterranean region H F & L sedative, spasmolytic and antibacterial [44]
Origanum
majorana L. Lamiaceae Walhti katkini Cyprus H F & L
Antibacterial, antioxidant, tranquilizer,
sedative [25, 45, 46]
Rosmarinus
officinalis L. Lamiaceae Rosemary
Mediterranean, Spain,
France and Palestine. S F & L Antimicrobial, treats gout, arthritis, sciatica. [47, 48]
Solanum
muricatum Ait. Solanaceae Pipo fruit Andean South America H F
Anti-cancer, Diuretic, kidney asher, improves
immune system [49, 50, 51]
Stevia rebaudiana
(Bertoni) Asteraceae Methi Buti
Paraguay (South
America) H L
Antibacterial, noncarcingic, natural
Sweetener [52, 53]
Thymus vulgaris L. Lamiaceae Walti Chikel Mediterranean Region H L antimicrobial, antioxidant, asthma, sore
throat [25, 54, 55]
Parts used Key: L-Leaves, F-Fruits, R-Root, S-Seed, F-
Flower, B-Bark, WP-Whole plant, Rh- Rhizome, T-Tuber and
b-.
Habits Key: T-Tree, S-Shrubs, H-Herb and C-Climber.
Calendula officinalis L. Cynara scolymus L. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Lavender angustifolia Mill.
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International Journal of Herbal Medicine http://www.florajournal.com/
Mimosa pudica L. Mentha X piperita L.
Fig 1: Cultivation of exotic MAPs in targeted areas of Azad
Kashmir.
Misslia officinalis, Origanum majurona
Rosmarinus officinalis L Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Solanum muricatum Ait Thymus vulgaris L.
Continued Fig I
Fig: II: Cultivation of exotic MAPs at Govt. College Abbaspur Azad Kashmir.
Fig: III: mode of preparation of medicines
Fig IV: native regions of MAPs under study
Conclusion
Usage of local and exotic medicinal flora in District Poonch
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International Journal of Herbal Medicine http://www.florajournal.com/ has been commonly investigated during recent years.
Cultivation of local as well as exotic flora is not in practice in
Azad Kashmir. Imported medicinal plant materials are of poor
quality facing contaminations. In ordered to bridge these
problems present study was conducted. Current investigation
of the exotic flora bridges acquiring, cultivation, ethno
botanical documentation useful for sustainable usage of
medicinal plants and medicinal plants oriented products in
Azad Kashmir. This study is parallel to other countries where
plants are cultivated on huge scale for pharmaceutical
purposes. Ultimately live plantation and scientific
investigations will paved the way for allopathic, herbal and
homeopathic systems of medicines and cosmetic industry in
local area. This study also open the gate for better
management, practical utilization, broad execution concern
with future discoursers of exotic medicinal flora in state of
Jammu and Kashmir.
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