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2012-11-12
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Centre de recherche en Centre de recherche en Centre de recherche en Centre de recherche en
astrophysique du Québecastrophysique du Québecastrophysique du Québecastrophysique du Québec
Centre de recherche en Centre de recherche en Centre de recherche en Centre de recherche en
astrophysique du Québecastrophysique du Québecastrophysique du Québecastrophysique du Québec
Robert LamontagneRobert LamontagneRobert LamontagneRobert LamontagneRobert LamontagneRobert LamontagneRobert LamontagneRobert Lamontagne
ExtrasolarExtrasolar planetsplanets & & planetaryplanetary systemssystems
ExtrasolarExtrasolar planetsplanets & & planetaryplanetary systemssystems
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Radius: Radius: 6,380 km6,380 km
Mass: Mass: 5,980,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg5,980,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg
Distance to Sun: Distance to Sun: 149,600,000 km149,600,000 km
ThinThinatmosphereatmosphere(N(N22, O, O22, CO, CO22,…),…)
Rocky Rocky planetplanet
(5,5 g/cm(5,5 g/cm33))
LiquidLiquidwater water
(0(0ooCC<T<100<T<100ooCC)
EarthEarth
VenusVenus
MercuryMercury
MarsMars
The The ecosphereecosphere dependsdepends ononThe The ecosphereecosphere dependsdepends onon
1.1. mass of parent starmass of parent star
2.2. ageage of parent starof parent star
3.3. planet’splanet’s atmosphereatmosphere
1.1. mass of parent starmass of parent star
2.2. ageage of parent starof parent star
3.3. planet’splanet’s atmosphereatmosphere
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Cute little blue planet, ideal weight, barely 4.5 billion years old, seeksother earth for discoveryand more; gas giantsneed not apply.
SunEarthJupiter
33 m170 m
1 billion 1 billion times times
lessless luminousluminous
thanthan the Sun !the Sun !
1 billion 1 billion times times
lessless luminousluminous
thanthan the Sun !the Sun !
100 billion 100 billion times times
lessless luminousluminous
thanthan the Sun !the Sun !
100 billion 100 billion times times
lessless luminousluminous
thanthan the Sun !the Sun !Proxima Cen
The challenges of The challenges of detectingdetecting exoplanetsexoplanets
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DiscoveringDiscovering planetsplanets
withoutwithout seeingseeing themthem……
47 47 UMaUMa bb
P = 3 P = 3 yearsyears
M = 800 x M = 800 x MMEarthEarth
47 47 UMaUMa bb
P = 3 P = 3 yearsyears
M = 800 x M = 800 x MMEarthEarth
WeWe obtainobtain the the massmass of a of a planetplanet & &
the the distancedistance to to itsits star.star.
Doppler radial Doppler radial
velocityvelocity shiftshift
13 m/s
12 years
13 m/s
12 years
10 cm/s
1 year
10 cm/s
1 year
25 cm/s25 cm/s
1 cm/s1 cm/s
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GlieseGliese 581581
D = 0.04 AUD = 0.04 AU
P = 5.4 P = 5.4 daysdays
M = 15.9 x M = 15.9 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.04 AUD = 0.04 AU
P = 5.4 P = 5.4 daysdays
M = 15.9 x M = 15.9 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.07 AUD = 0.07 AU
P = 12.9 P = 12.9 daysdays
M = 5.3 x M = 5.3 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.07 AUD = 0.07 AU
P = 12.9 P = 12.9 daysdays
M = 5.3 x M = 5.3 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.22 AUD = 0.22 AU
P = 66.8 P = 66.8 daysdays
M = 7.0 x M = 7.0 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.22 AUD = 0.22 AU
P = 66.8 P = 66.8 daysdays
M = 7.0 x M = 7.0 x MMEarthEarth
bb
cc
dd
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????
Wasp 19 bWasp 19 b
P = 18P = 18hh 5454mm
R = 15.6 x R = 15.6 x RREarthEarth
Wasp 19 bWasp 19 b
P = 18P = 18hh 5454mm
R = 15.6 x R = 15.6 x RREarthEarth
Discovering planets Discovering planets
without seeing them…without seeing them…
WeWe obtainobtain the the radiusradius of a of a planetplanet & &
the the distancedistance to to itsits star.star.
PlanetaryPlanetary transittransit
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1%
25 hours
1%
25 hours
0,01%
13 hours
0,01%
13 hours
0,001%0,001%
Kepler 11Kepler 11
D = 0.16 AUD = 0.16 AU
P = 22.7 P = 22.7 daysdays
M = 6.1 x M = 6.1 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.16 AUD = 0.16 AU
P = 22.7 P = 22.7 daysdays
M = 6.1 x M = 6.1 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.09 AUD = 0.09 AU
P = 10.3 P = 10.3 daysdays
M = 4.3 x M = 4.3 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.09 AUD = 0.09 AU
P = 10.3 P = 10.3 daysdays
M = 4.3 x M = 4.3 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.19 AUD = 0.19 AU
P = 32.0 P = 32.0 daysdays
M = 8.4 x M = 8.4 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.19 AUD = 0.19 AU
P = 32.0 P = 32.0 daysdays
M = 8.4 x M = 8.4 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.46 AUD = 0.46 AU
P = 113.4 P = 113.4 daysdays
M M < < 300 x 300 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.46 AUD = 0.46 AU
P = 113.4 P = 113.4 daysdays
M M < < 300 x 300 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.11 AUD = 0.11 AU
P = 13.0 P = 13.0 daysdays
M = 13.5 x M = 13.5 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.11 AUD = 0.11 AU
P = 13.0 P = 13.0 daysdays
M = 13.5 x M = 13.5 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.25 AUD = 0.25 AU
P = 46.7 P = 46.7 daysdays
M = 2.3 x M = 2.3 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.25 AUD = 0.25 AU
P = 46.7 P = 46.7 daysdays
M = 2.3 x M = 2.3 x MMEarthEarth
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Kepler 22Kepler 22
D = 0.85 AUD = 0.85 AU
P = 289.9 P = 289.9 daysdays
R = 2.3 x R = 2.3 x RREarthEarth
M ≤ 35 x M ≤ 35 x MMEarthEarth
D = 0.85 AUD = 0.85 AU
P = 289.9 P = 289.9 daysdays
R = 2.3 x R = 2.3 x RREarthEarth
M ≤ 35 x M ≤ 35 x MMEarthEarth
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Seeing extrasolar planets
D = 24 AUD = 24 AU
P = 100 P = 100 yearsyears
M = 3180 x M = 3180 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 24 AUD = 24 AU
P = 100 P = 100 yearsyears
M = 3180 x M = 3180 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 38 AUD = 38 AU
P = 190 P = 190 yearsyears
M = 3180 x M = 3180 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 38 AUD = 38 AU
P = 190 P = 190 yearsyears
M = 3180 x M = 3180 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 14 AUD = 14 AU
P = 50 P = 50 yearsyears
M = 3180 x M = 3180 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 14 AUD = 14 AU
P = 50 P = 50 yearsyears
M = 3180 x M = 3180 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 68 AUD = 68 AU
P = 460 P = 460 yearsyears
M = 2225 x M = 2225 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
D = 68 AUD = 68 AU
P = 460 P = 460 yearsyears
M = 2225 x M = 2225 x MMEarthEarth
R = 13 x R = 13 x RREarthEarth
HR 8799HR 8799
JupiterJupiter
UranusUranus
NeptuneNeptune
PlutoPluto
SaturnSaturn
NumberNumber of the of the dayday ……
763763
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20122012
Hot-
Jupiters
Hot-
Jupiters
Super-
Earths
Super-
Earths
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OceanOceanRock & ironRock & iron
IronIron
Gaz
giants
Gaz
giants
Super-
Earths
Super-
Earths
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23212321
400 x 400 x
MoonMoon
400 x 400 x
MoonMoon
281 Jupiters +281 Jupiters +676 Super-
Earths
676 Super-
Earths1118 Neptunes1118 Neptunes
246 Earths, 46
of which are in
the ecosphere
246 Earths, 46
of which are in
the ecosphere
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Is Is therethere life on life on EarthEarth ??DetectingDetecting life on an life on an alienalien world ?world ?
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no atmosphereno atmosphere
thick
atmosphere
thick
atmosphere
OxygenOxygen
OzoneOzone
CarbonCarbon dioxidedioxide
MethaneMethane
WaterWater
OxygenOxygen
OzoneOzone
CarbonCarbon dioxidedioxide
MethaneMethane
WaterWater
Age: 4,560,000,000 years
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Earth’s
mirror
Earth’s
mirror
ozoneozoneozoneozone
oxygenoxygenoxygenoxygenwater water
vaporvapor
water water
vaporvapor
H2OH2OH2OH2OO2O2
O3O3
O2O2
« Somewhere, something incredible « Somewhere, something incredible
is waiting to be known. »is waiting to be known. »Carl Sagan (1934-1996)
« Somewhere, something incredible « Somewhere, something incredible
is waiting to be known. »is waiting to be known. »Carl Sagan (1934-1996)
