F. Landscaping

F. LandscapingEmphasis should be placed on historical and Mexican and early Calif-ornia landscapes and gardens. Californian and Mexican native plant-ings, courtyards, courtyard gardens, vines, and the use of fountains,statuary, and wooden containers typical of the Spanish or Mexicanperiods wil l be encouraged.

It Is the intent of these standards to offer the prospective develop-er as much latitude as possible within the limits and intents ofthese criteria when designing his required landscaping. The designshould take into consideration and be compatible with the shape andtopography of the area, the architecture of the project, the archi-tectural characteristics of adjacent structures and the characterof existing adjacent landscaping and topography.

The policy regarding plantings for Old San Diego is that only plantsof a variety which evidence records as existing or were planted inSan Diego prior to 1871, be accepted for planting unless otherwiseapproved. A listing of al1 type plants used prior to 1871 is givenin the resource data researched to date (see bibliography).

In addition to providing environmental enhancement, the functionalaspects of landscaping are:

1. Screening for storage, parking and other u t i l i t y or un-attractive areas and of those land use elements whichdo not contribute to the enhancement of the surroundingarea;

2. Erosion prevention;

3. Wind barriers;

J*. Traffic control ;

5. Providing shade;

6. Dust abate-nent;

7. Sound absorption.

This chapter contaips the standards as they apply to various aspectsof landscape development and a planting l i s t of materials recommendedfor use in the Old San Diego Planned District.

The landscaping standards are presented in two categories -(1) development and (2) maintenance.

Development Standards

The development standards are set forth to promote proper designof landscaped areas by designating placement, types and relation-ship of plant materials-to surrounding features and to each other.

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Rancho Santa Fe, California

Washington Square,Old Town San Diego StateHistoric Park

E s t u d i 1 l o House,Old Town San Diego StateHistoric Park

Whaley HouseOld Town San Diego

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General Standards

The soil in a l l areas requiring landscaping shall be soil properlyamended and t i l l e d to provide a medium suitable for the healthyvigorous growth of ornamental plants. Specifications shall be sub-mitted with landscaping plans showing that adequate soil and thepreparation of the soil w i l l be undertaken prior to planting.

All trees, shrubs and plants shall be iornia State Department of Agriculture'sinspections, rules and grading. All pigrowth normal to that species and shalland free of insect infestations, plantdisfigurements. All plants shall havebranch systems and vigorous and fibrousnot root or pot bound. The size of thewith that normally expected for speciesc i a l l y available nursery stock. A l l pito the c l i m a t i c conditions of the areapi anted.

n accordance with the Calif-regulations for nursery

ants shall have a habit ofbe sound, healthy, vigorous,

diseases and objectionablenormally wel1-developedroot systems which areplants w i l l correspondand varieties of commer-

ants shall be adaptablein which they are to be

Ea rthwork

1.

2.

3.

Following extensive earthwork, recontour the terrainin a natural way with no slopes greater than 2:1.(two horizontal to one vertical)

Insure that the entire site w i l l surface drain andcorrect any existing drainage problems.

Consider lowering grade where excessive f i l l has beenplaced.

Stockpile acceptable topsoil where excavations weremade.

5. Condition and fertilize soil to provide suitable plantingmedium. Make soil tests for soil chemistry and textureand correct deficiencies accordingly.

Plant i nq

1. Save existing trees where possible (some may be movedand transplanted, i.e. palms, pines etc.). Approvalmust be obtained for removal of all trees over 50 feett a l l and/or over 50 years old.

2. Provide shade trees in large paved and parking areas.

3. Use specimen trees (boxed trees) for immediate effectand accent.

.̂ Consider reconstruction of a small orchard with f r u i ttrees typical of the era or with ornamental flowering

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trees for a spectacular landmark.

5. Give consideration to rapidly growing trees.

6. Maximize shrub use to screen parking and storage areas,undesirable buildings, and u t i l i t y features.

7. Emphasize use of varieties which require low maintenancein public and commercial areas and in large landscapeareas.

8. Use boxed and tubbed plants in clay or wood containers,especially for enhancement of sidewalk shops.

9. Give preference to ground covers which require l i t t l emaintenance. "Authentic" flower and vegetable gardensmay be developed to add to the character of Old SanDiego or in conjunction with a restored house.

Irriqation. Provide complete sprinkler irrigation system for a l lcommercial projects and for al l large planting areas. Hose bibbsystems may be used for smaller areas and planters.

Ma intenance. Keep a l l plantings healthy and growing with al lplanting areas free of weeds and debris.

Area Boundaries. The required landscaping is stated withineach applicable area as set forth as a condition of Chapter X,Article 3, Division 1, Section 103.02, Old San Diego PlannedDi s t r i c t .

Required Planting. All areas requiring landscaping shall beplanted with a compatible combination of shrubs, trees, vinesand ground covers.

Architectural Features. Landscaped areas may include sucharchitectural features as rock groupings, sculptures, decorativepaving and gravel or decomposed granit areas. However, gravelor decomposed granite areas shall in no case exceed 25 percentof the required landscaped area unless otherwise approved inorder to prevent too large an area from being devoted to inertground cover. Additional features, such as raised planters,curbs, wheelstops, bollards and headers and other devices shouldbe utilized to protect the planted areas from damage by pedes-trian and/or automobile traffic where necessary.

Landscaped Area Ratio. A minimum of one tree (25 feet in heightor more at maturity) for every 200 square feet of landscaping, aapproved equal, and one shrub or vine for every 20 square feetof landscaping or approved equal, are considered necessary inorder to give the desired planting effect emphasis to the plantedarea; to soften and screen the hard surface of adjacent struct-ures and pavement; and to reduce adverse effects of noise, l i g h tand glare from adjacent property.

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Trees, shrubs and vines. All required trees shall be 15-gallonsize having a minimum height of five feet at time of plantingand a l l required shrubs shall be 1-gallon size at time ofplanting in order to produce within a reasonable period of timethe effect for which landscaping is provided. The tree shall beadequate in trunk diameter to support the top. Trees, shrubsand vines shall have body and fullness that is typical of thespecies.

Ground Cover. The ground cover shall be healthy, denselyfoliated, and well-rooted cuttings, or one-gallon-container plants.Herbaceous and flat plant ground covers shall be planted no morethan 18 inches on center and woody shrubs ground cover shall beplanted no more than four feet on center. Hydro-seeding ofh i l l s i d e areas shall be permitted. However, the evaluation ofsuch proposals shall be subject to special review based on planssubmitted by landscape architects or competent technicians inthe field.

Watering Basin. All trees and shrubs in areas not under irriga-tion shall be surrounded with an irrigation basin a minimum oftwo feet in dia-neter aid a minimum of six inches deep.

Adequate Support. Trees and large shrubs shall be adequatelysupported using wood or metal stakes or wire guys. Such supportsshould be so designed that they w i l l protect trees and shrubsfrom injury. Trees and shrubs shall be fastened to the supportswith an acceptable commercial tree tie of plastic or hose coveredwire. Vines shall be adequately supported or tied to walls,fences or trel1 is.

Spacing. The spacing of trees and shrubs shall be appropriate tothe species used. The plant materials shall also be spaced sothat they do not interfere with the adequate lighting of thepremises or restrict access to emergency apparatus such as firehydrants or fire alarm boxes. Prooer spacing shall also insureunobstructed access for vehicles and pedestrians in addition toproviding clear vision of the intersections from approachingvehicles.

(Plant material spacing shall conform to the following standards:)

1. A minimum of 25 feet from the property corner at streetintersection to the center of the first tree or largeshrub.

2. A minimum of 10 feet between center of trees andlarge shrubs to light standards.

3. A minimum of 15 feet between center of trees or largeshrubs and fire hydrants.

k. A minimum of 5 feet between center of trees or largeshrubs and edge of driveway.

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Planting Lists. The following pages contain a planting listwhich shall be utilized in selecting plant materials for therequired landscaped areas. When it is impossible to securespecies listed, other species of the same genus ma/ be usedsubject to the approval of the Planned District Review Board.

Watering System. Except as noted below, a permanent undergroundsprinkler system shall be installed in a l l required landscapedareas which shall be capable of providing the proper amount ofprecipitation for the particular type of plant materials used.

In cases where trees, shrubs and plants are provided in raisedplanters or containers (tubs or urns for example) and thesecannot be adequately watered by an underground sprinkler system,hose bibs shall be installed and so located as to permit wateringof containers by a 50 foot Hose;

Maintenance Standards

The maintenance standards shall be followed in the upkeep ofthe landscaped areas after they have been developed and planted.

Growth Control. A l l plant growth in required landscapedareas shall be controlled by pruning, trimming or otherwise, sothat the plant material w i l l not:

1. Interfere with the installation, maintenance and re-pair of any public u t i l i t i e s ;

2. Restrict pedestrian or vehicular access;

3. Constitute a traffic hazard.

Cultivation aid Watering. A l l planted areas shall be wateredsufficiently to promote vigorous growth of all trees, shrubs,vines and ground cover plants. Planted areas shall be main-tained in a relatively weed-free condition. A l l plantings shallbe periodically pruned, trimmed, edged and fertilized in accor-dance with generally accepted horticultural practices.

Replanting. A l l required trees, shrubs and plants which havebesn planted and /vhich, dje to accident, damage, disease or othercause, fail to show a healthy growth, shall be replaced. Replace-ment plants shall conform to a l l standards that govern the originalplanting installation.

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SUBTROPICAL REGIONS

SPANISH PATIO PLANTS--for use inconnection with Mediterranean typesof architecture...1argely a recon-struction. They w i l l be represent-ative of the species known to havebeen used about the early habitations,together with more recent materialof like character. They may helpin reproducing that special atmos-phere of repose and simplicity, thatunhurried pace so characteristic ofthe time. This, however, takes morethan plants to attain. In the main,these are subtropical in flavor,playing to warm walls with color andcool greenery. Sun-odors prevail.Water adds a sparkling touch. Thefloor may be left to d i r t or importeddecomposed granite. It is usuallypaved, and there is no grass in thestrictly Spanish patio. Plantingbeds w i l l be depressed, ratherthan raised, to catch the surfacewater, while pots of flowering plantsw i l l be everywhere to arrange, moveabout and rearrange to suit anyvagrant fancy that the place shouldproduce. Yellow through orange-red predominates and species with aMediterranean background of dryness...could be prelude and unpleasanttaste of a future California garden.

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1 1 1

PLANT MATERIAL

Abies concolorAcer negundoAlnus rhombifoliaArctostaphylos speciesBursera microphyllaCercidium floridumChi lops is PenearisDalea spinosaFraxinus velutina coriaceaHeteromeles arbutfoliaJuniperus CaliforniaLibocedrus decurrensOlneya tesotaPhotinia arbutifoliaPinus couleriPinus Jeffrey!P i nu s monophy1J aPinus quadrifoliaPinus torreyanaPlatanus racemosaPopulas fremonti iPopulas trichocarpaProsopis juli floraProsopis pubescensPrunus i 1 i c i foliaPseudotsuga macrocarpaQuercus agrifoliaQuercus chrysolepisQuercus EngelmanniiQuercus Kelloggi iSalix speciesSallyx ExiguaSambucus coeruleaWashintonia filifera

White FirBox ElderWhite AlderManzani taElephant TreePalo VerdeDesert Wi1 lowSmoke TreeArizona Ash

California JuniperIncense CedarDesert IronwoodToyon: Christmas BerryCoulter PineJeffrey PineSingle-leaf Pine: One-leaf PinonParry Pinon: Mexican PinonTorrey PineWestern SycamoreFremont CottonwoodBlack CottonwoodHoney MesquiteScrewbeanHollyleaf Cherry: JslayBig Cone Spruce

Gold Cup Oak: Canyon OakEngelmann Oak: Mesa OakKellogg Oak: Black OakWillowsSlender Willow: Coyote WillowBlueberry ElderCalifornia Fan Palm

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HERBACEOUS PLANTS

Acanthus mol1 isAgapanthus speciesAlthaea roseaAlyssum marltimumAnyelonia grandifloraArgemone mexicanaArum i tali cumAsphedelus albusBeaucarnia recurvataBegoinia Sutherland!Beuvardia humboldtiBravea geminifloraBrunsvlgia roseaCanarina campanulataCapsicum frutescensCedronelia canariensisCheiranthus m u t a b i t i sCherizanthe staticoidesCladanthus arabicusC l i via spec iesCortaderia seliosnaCryptamthus beuckeriCyclamen indicumDavallia canariensisDelphinium ajacisDiamthus caryophyllusEchium fastupsumEpidendrum obrienianumFrankenia capitata laevisGai1lardia ar i stataGazania speciesGypura aurantiacaHelleborus 1 i v i d u sHeuchera sanguineaIr i s ungu icularisI r i s xiphi urnKalanehoe flammulaKniphofia uvariaLathyrus splendensLavatera olbiaLavater trimestrisLi 1 i um cand i dum

Limonium (species)Liriope speciesLotus formosissiumusMai vast rum coccineumMathiola incanaMentha spicataMesembryanth aurantiacumMesembryanth speciosumM i l l a bifloraMi rabi1i s j alapaMorisia monanthaNarcissus pseudo-narcissusNepeta muss i n iNicot iana alata01iveranthus elegansOxypetaium caeruleumPancratium (species)Papaver rhoeasPapaver rupifragumPelargonium (species)Pel 1aea (spec ies)Petasitis fragransPolianthes tuberosaPortulaca grandifloraRochea coccineaSc i 1 i a hi span!cumSisyrinchium be 11umSisyrinchium bermudianumSolanum pseudo-capsicumStreptanthera cupreaTagetes erectaThymus (species)Tithonia rotundifoliaTriton!a crocosmaefloraTrcpaeolum majusTu1ipa c1 us i anaVenidium fastuosumVinca speciesViola cornutaWoodwardia (species)Zantedeschia aethiopicaZi ngiber off ic inale

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.,'jf *, I

TREES

Acacia fames!anaAcalypha CaliforniaAllamanda HendersoniAnisacanthus wrightAntingonon leptopusArbutus unedoBatura suaveoiensBauhinia gaipiniBelonix regiaBoubentonia (species)Bougainvl1 lea (varieties)Boussingaultia baselloidesBrachychiton acerifolumBuxus microphyliaCalocephalis brownCestrum nocturnumChorizema cordatumCissus speciesCitrus (check species)Clematis balearicaConvolvulus cneorumCuphea reaz!iCupressus sernpervi rensCystisus canariensisDanae racemosaDiospyros kakiErica melantheraEriogenum giganteumErythina crista-gailiErythrina humeanaFicus caricaFortunella japonicaFouquieria splendensFremontia mexicanaFuchsia triphyllaGenista monospermaGrevi1 lea robustaHedera speciesHeteromeles arbutifoliaHolmskioldia sanguineaHylocereus trlangularisHyrsine atricanaI lex peradoJasminum grandiflorumJuniperus excelsarKennedya rubicundaLaurus nobi1 isLavandula (species)Lavatera assurgent5 floraLeonotis leonurusLippia citriodora

Littonia modestraHahonia neviniHamordica charantiaManettia bicolorMel 5a axederechMimulus puniceusHimusopa elengiMirabilis californicaHi triostigma axillareHusa sapientumNerium oleanderParkinsonia aculeataPersea americanaPhaseolus coccineusPhiladelphus mexicansPhlomis fruticosaPhoenix dactyliferaPhygelius capensisPhytolacca dioicaPinus pineaPoinciana g i l l i e s iPrunus i 1 i c i foliaPunica granatumQuamocli t lobataQuercus agri foliaQuercus ilexQuercus suberQuercus VirginianaR i n iRomneya couiteriRosa gal 1icaRosa laevigataRosmarinus officinal isSalvia sesseiSenecio confususSenecio petasitisSchinus molleSolandra guttataSolanum rantonnetiSpartium junceumStrelitzia nicholaiStreptosolen jamesoniTamarix africanaTeucrium fruticansTipuana tipuUngnadia speciosaViburnum tinusVi rgi1ia capensisVisnea mocaneraVitex agnus-castusV i t i s (check species)Yucca (check species)

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Landscape Bibliography

a. San Diego Ci ty Library, photographs at jail 1851 — twotrees which looked like California pepper trees were grow-ing next to the jai l .

b. Trees of San Diego by Patr ic ia Waldron — "The Natives"page 5-7.

c. Interview-with Mr. Russel l A. Ruiz, ar t ist , i l lustrator of01-d- Spanish Santa Barbara by Walter A. Tompkins, "withpainstaking research into the history of his forebears isthe reason why RLLJ'Z drawings are scrupulously accurate insuc> detai ls as period costumes, architectural motifs andgeography."

d. Interview with Miss Pearl Chase, Plans and Planting Commit-tee, Santa Barbara.

e. History of San Diego County by Carl H. Heilbron, editor-in-chief . Published by the San Diego Pres's Club, San Diego,1936. Page 206 "Agriculture in San Diego County" byR. R. McLean, County Agr icul tural CoTimiss ioner.

f. Cal i fornia Garden. October - November 1967, volume 58, No. 5- "200th Anniversary Ce lebra t ion to be Centered Around OldTow-i" by Virginia M. Innis.

g. Mission Memories, 0979.^02M]i+ -- San Diego Mission in 1 769f i rs t palm (date) and o l ive trees.

h. Journal of Cal i forn ia Hort icu l tura l Society, volume XX ,July-September 1959, No. 3.

i. History of San Diego by W i l l i a m E. Smythe, volume 1, OldTown, pages 99, 132.

j. Golden Gardens, volume k, Apri l 1936, page 2, "A Cali forniaPioneer's Garden" by H. M. Butterfield.

k. Planting in San Diego prior to 1850. (Research by State todate)

1. "Cultivated Plants Grown at Cal i fornia Missions" Spanishperiod and Early Mexican 1769-1835. Prepared by Plans andPlanting Committee of the Community Arts Associat ion, SantaBarbara, Cal i fornia.

m. Subtropical Regions by Roland S. Hoyt - "Native Plants,The Ar id Southwest, page 15; "Old Fashioned Gardens", page167; and "Spanish Patio Plants", pages 168-169.

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n. Contents of a garden of the late Mexican or early Americanperiod in Southern California. California. by Mary Austin,Chapter V "Old Spanish Gardens".

o. A garden of the late Mexican or early American period in theSan Gabriel area. Trees and Shrubs of California Gardensby Charles Francis Saunders.

p. "Introduced Plants" mentioned by E. 0. Rowe in correspon-dence, radio address, and various reports.

q. "Original List of Plants", La Purisima Mission Garden,Lompoc, California. Includes a l l those plants introducedby Mr. E. D. Rowe during the original planting operationafter 1933.

r. "Bibliography" used for La Purisima Mission State HistoricPark for checking or expanding their plant l i s t in further

• research.

s. "Flowers, Shrubs, Trees, etc., in the Gardens of MontereyState Historical Monument as of April 1967."

t. "A California Pioneer's Garden" by H. M. Butterfield.

u. Plant 1ist from Pioneer American Gardening by ElveniaSlosson.

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CASA DE RODRIGUEZ CASA DE MACHADO SILVAS

O'NELL BUILDING AMERICAN HOTEL CASA OE WRIGHTINGTON

Proposed B u i l d i n g Restorations for the OLD TOWN SAN DIEGO STATE HISTORICPARK by the Resources Agency of California, Department of Parks andRecreat ion.

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