Painting

PaintingFA 28 V

AY 2011 - 2012

Acopiado. Araos. Ligot. Macapinlac. Or.

PaintingA two-dimensional art form, which

includes any form of artistic expression done on a flat surface and with a suitable

instrument.

History of Art in the Philippines

History of Painting in the Philippines

History of Painting in the Philippines

✴ As a form of artistic expression, painting was not practiced in the Philippines before the introduction of Western artistic traditions.

History of Painting in the Philippines

✴ As a form of artistic expression, painting was not practiced in the Philippines before the introduction of Western artistic traditions.

✴ Although early local carvings like the Maranao torogan and kulintangan were found covered in paintings, these colors were applied only as an ornament .

History of Painting in the Philippines

✴ As a form of artistic expression, painting was not practiced in the Philippines before the introduction of Western artistic traditions.

✴ Although early local carvings like the Maranao torogan and kulintangan were found covered in paintings, these colors were applied only as an ornament .

History of Painting in the Philippines

✴ As a form of artistic expression, painting was not practiced in the Philippines before the introduction of Western artistic traditions.

✴ Although early local carvings like the Maranao torogan and kulintangan were found covered in paintings, these colors were applied only as an ornament .

History of Painting in the Philippines

✴ As a form of artistic expression, painting was not practiced in the Philippines before the introduction of Western artistic traditions.

✴ Although early local carvings like the Maranao torogan and kulintangan were found covered in paintings, these colors were applied only as an ornament .

Source: http://www.ncca.gov.ph/animation/pambata/ourcountry/kulintang2.gif

✴16th century—mid-19th century

- Artisans (of both Chinese and Filipino descent) in the Philippines were being taught by the friars to paint sacred images for worship- Primarily used wood and cloth as support for painting- Until the 19th century, painting was primarily used for church and religious use

(source: Philippine Art History: Visual Arts BY: PROF RONNIE ESPERGAL PASIGUI)

- Religious paintings ➡ stressed correct iconography rather than realistic rendering➡ figures were rendered flatly and frontally, since they strove not for realism but symbolism

- Some genre paintings (Tipos del Pais) for anthropological research

Source: http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=4966601

✴19th century

- Rise of the ilustrados, the local merchant class✤ The ilustrados became the new patrons of the arts✤ Secularization of art✤ Emergence of portrait as a separate genre✤ Trending of miniaturist painting such as letras y figures

- Filipino artists sent abroad as pensionados, or government scholars to European academies✤ Rise of historical paintings✤ Rise of genre paintings (late 19th—early 20th centuries) as well as landscape, seascape, etc.

➡ Artists were encouraged to observe the folk in their daily work➡ Brought about a self-reflective quality to Philippine art

- Artists were more and more concerned with the “academically correct”

an example of letras y figurasJose Honorato Lozano (1815-1855)

watercolour on Manila paper23 x 28in. (58.4 x 71.2cm.)

Source: http://www.paintingsphilippines.com/2011/03/letras-y-figuras-painting-has-found-his.html

an example of letras y figurasJose Honorato Lozano (1815-1855)

watercolour on Manila paper23 x 28in. (58.4 x 71.2cm.)

Source: http://www.paintingsphilippines.com/2011/03/letras-y-figuras-painting-has-found-his.html

✴ 20th century (American colonization) -favored landscapes, genre and still lifes-emergence of nudes (started late 19th century; popularized 20th century onwards)-1930s: dominant visual form was rural genre

✤Amorsolo school as local Academy: Amorsolo, Pineda, Miranda, Castañeda, Buenaventura and

Herrera contributed significantly in genres of idyllic countryside scenes-1960s: on-the-spot landscape painting became popular (impressionist influence)-Modernism, as triggered by the exhibit of Victorio Edades (1928)

✤ To the idealization of Amorsolo, counterpoised expressiveness✤ Expanded art into contemporary concerns✤ Concept of painting as a construct of the artist’s own invention✤ Raised the issue of national identity in art✤ 1950s-1969: Carlos Francisco made paintings inspired by indigenous aesthetics of line, form and color (Philippine Struggles Through History)✤ Emergence of neorealism, abstraction, magic realism (Nestor Leynes’ Bigas series), etc.

an example of rural genreFernando Amorsolo

Source: http://www.marketmanila.com/archives/a-modern-day-amorsolo-country-scene

an example of rural genreFernando Amorsolo

Source: http://www.marketmanila.com/archives/a-modern-day-amorsolo-country-scene

Victorio EdadesNational Artist

(1895- 1985)

Victorio EdadesNational Artist

(1895- 1985)

Source: http://www.kulay-diwa.com/victorio_edades

Victorio EdadesNational Artist

(1895- 1985)

Source: http://www.kulay-diwa.com/victorio_edades

Victorio EdadesNational Artist

(1895- 1985)

Source: http://www.kulay-diwa.com/victorio_edades

Victorio EdadesNational Artist

(1895- 1985)

Source: http://www.kulay-diwa.com/victorio_edades

Victorio EdadesNational Artist

(1895- 1985)

Source: http://www.kulay-diwa.com/victorio_edades

Source: http://www.filipinobooks.com/_borders/Book_of_Days_--_Carlos_Francisco_--_Cover_small.jpg

Source: http://www.filipinobooks.com/_borders/Book_of_Days_--_Carlos_Francisco_--_Cover_small.jpg

Mag-ina sa BanigNestor Leynes, 1960

Source: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Folk_Beliefs/mga_sanggol_at_mga_bata.htm

Mag-ina sa BanigNestor Leynes, 1960

Source: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Folk_Beliefs/mga_sanggol_at_mga_bata.htm

Painting MediaPaints are made by mixing dry powdered

colors called pigments with sticky

substances called binders.

Cobalt Blue

Cobalt Blue Cadmium Vermilion

Cobalt Blue Cadmium Vermilion“Baby Brown”(burnt Siena)

TemperaA general term for opaque watercolors, particularly the inexpensive poster paints

Binder: Egg Yolk

Painting:

♣ Dry pigments are mixed with water until it resembles paste, then egg yolk is added.

♣ Usually applied in fine, crisp strokes with a pointed brush.

♣ Dries quickly, does not blend well.

♣ It should not be applied thickly, otherwise the paint will crack.

♣ It should be protected from dirt and scratching so varnish is usually applied.

Egg Tempera

PORTRAIT OF FERNANDO ZOBEL

DAVID CORTEZ MEDALLA

WatercolorCan be done using to major techniques: transparent water colors and gouache.♣ Transparent Watercolors or Aquarelle

• Binder: Gum Arabic• Water is added to the paint to lighten the colors.• White paper is usually used.

♣ Gouache• Binder: Gum Arabic• A little white pigment or chalk is added to make the colors opaque.• Papers with a brown or grey tone are usually used.

Paint can be bought in the form of solid dry cakes or moist paints in tubes.♣ Painting:

• Watercolor painters use soft-hair brushes that hold large amounts of paint.• Wash – a thin broad layer of color applied by a continuous brush movement.• Watercolors dry quickly and are easy to carry around. This makes them good for outdoor sketching.

Damian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) - GOUACHE

TextDamian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) -

GOUACHE

Felix Martinez y Lorenzo. "India Servienta" (Indio

Servantmaid) – AQUARELLE

Damian Domingo. "Un India Pescadora de Manila" (A Fish

Vendor of Manila) – GOUACHE

Damian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) - GOUACHE

TextDamian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) -

GOUACHE

Felix Martinez y Lorenzo. "India Servienta" (Indio

Servantmaid) – AQUARELLE

Damian Domingo. "Un India Pescadora de Manila" (A Fish

Vendor of Manila) – GOUACHE

Damian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) - GOUACHE

TextDamian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) -

GOUACHE

Felix Martinez y Lorenzo. "India Servienta" (Indio

Servantmaid) – AQUARELLE

Damian Domingo. "Un India Pescadora de Manila" (A Fish

Vendor of Manila) – GOUACHE

Damian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) - GOUACHE

TextDamian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) -

GOUACHE

Felix Martinez y Lorenzo. "India Servienta" (Indio

Servantmaid) – AQUARELLE

Damian Domingo. "Un India Pescadora de Manila" (A Fish

Vendor of Manila) – GOUACHE

Damian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) - GOUACHE

TextDamian Domingo. "Un Indio Labrador" (A Native Laborer) -

GOUACHE

Felix Martinez y Lorenzo. "India Servienta" (Indio

Servantmaid) – AQUARELLE

Damian Domingo. "Un India Pescadora de Manila" (A Fish

Vendor of Manila) – GOUACHE

OilBinder: Vegetable Oil

♣ Commonly linseed oil

Painting:

♣ Dries slowly, so the artist has time to blend the strokes. ♣ It does not crack easily.♣ If the artist wants the painting to be more fluid, a painting medium made of linseed oil, varnish and turpentine can be added.

Fruit  Gatherer  –  Fernando  Amorsolo

Fruit GathererFernando Amorsolo

Fruit  Gatherer  –  Fernando  Amorsolo

Fruit GathererFernando Amorsolo

PastelsColored chalk sticks made of pigment and weak

adhesive such as gum tragacanth

Pastels come nearest to the original brilliance of the

original pigment.

No liquid binder

Pastel colors rub off easily so a thin layer of fixative

must be sprayed over the work.

Dry Pastels

♣ Soft Pastels – less binder, more pigment

♣ Hard Pastels – more binder, less pigment

Oil Pastels -  a mixture of pigments, non-drying oil, and

wax binder in stick form

Pen-and-inkPen – instrument used to apply ink to a surface

Ink – a fluid or paste used for writing or drawing

Ink Components

♣ Colorant – provides ink color, made from dyes

♣ Vehicle – carries the colorant, helps it bind to

paper

Macario de Ocampo. "Manila 1 de Marzo de 1875"

PEN AND INK DRAWINGS BY MANUEL BALDEMOR

PEN AND INK DRAWINGS BY MANUEL BALDEMOR

PEN AND INK DRAWINGS BY MANUEL BALDEMOR

AcrylicMade by mixing pigments with a synthetic resin and thinning with water.

• They dry quickly and show little color change after drying.

• Do not darken in time.• Lacks surface textural richness of oil but can be built up

with a spatula into opaque impasto or thinned to transparent color glazes.Brown Brother’s Burden – Benedicto Cabrera

GraphiteA mixture of clay and graphite

Soft and easily smeared.

Gray to black tones.

Charcoal

Wood partially consumed by fire may be used for drawing.

Drawing charcoal produced from wood that is as

homogeneous as possible gives a porous and not very

adhesive stroke. Needs fixative.

Oiled charcoal, charcoal pencils dipped in linseed oil,

provides better adhesion and a deeper black. However, it

cannot be erased.

Forms:

♣ Vine Charcoal (burned sticks of wood)

♣ Powdered Charcoal

♣ Compressed Charcoal (powdered charcoal mixed with

gum binder into sticks)

Darker blacks than graphite.

Crayon A stick of white or colored chalk or of colored wax

used for writing.

Themes of Philippine Painting

Religious Used for decorating churches and homes

• Early works were Byzantine in style and did not aim to portray realism as opposed to symbolism.

Nuestra Señora del Santisimo RosarioDamian Domingo

HistoricalScenes from history, the Bible, Greco-Roman myths, or Literary Allegories.

Strived to instill in the viewer moral values, or lessons; aimed to portray nationalistic idealisms.

The First BaptismFernando Amorsolo

SpolariumJuan Luna

PortraitRealism: Formality or social importance

Romana CarilloJustiniano Asuncion (Miniaturism)

Portrait of Governor-General Pasqual de Enrile y Alsedo

Damian Domingo (1832)

PortraitImpressionism: a particular moment in time, a fleeting smile or traditional gesture.

Sabel, Bencab (1991)

Woman in Red, Malang (1997)

GenrePortrays people in everyday activities

Originated from the tipos del pais, or paintings of natives of newly colonized countries.

Works from the Boxer Codex (c. 1595)♣ Named after Prof. Charles Ralph Boxer, Indiana University

Letras Y Figuras♣ Commissioned to display the names of the patrons.

Street Musicians, Arturo Luz (1952)

Boxer Codex Prints

Early Sulu WeddingFernando Amorsolo (1955-1960)

Tatlong MariaAnita Magsaysay-HoText

LandscapeCommonly natural scenery, but also included cityscapes.

Expressions span from realist, romantic, classical, or expressionist.

Began in the mid-19th century as a form of secularization of painting.

Una Dama de Luz de la Luna, Félix Resurrección Hidalgo

El Charles IVFernando Zobel (1949)

Nipa Sunset, Fernando Amorsolo (1935)

Seascape(under Landscape)

Seascape, Félix Resurrección HidalgoUntitled, Romeo Tabuen1 (1960)

Seascape(under Landscape)

Seascape, Félix Resurrección HidalgoUntitled, Romeo Tabuen1 (1960)

Interior

(under Landscape)

Tampuhan, Juan Luna (1895)

Interior

(under Landscape)

Tampuhan, Juan Luna (1895)

Methods

Still life

Yellow Table with Blue Bowl, Ang Kiukok (2001)

Jarra del Agua, Félix Resurrección Hidalgo

Still life

Yellow Table with Blue Bowl, Ang Kiukok (2001)

Jarra del Agua, Félix Resurrección Hidalgo

BrushMost common painting method. A brush is used to apply paint onto a surface. ● Fabian de la Rosa “Los Banos”, Watercolor, 1922

Commissioned to display the names of the patrons.

Palette KnifePalette knives produce textured, impasto work and sweeping areas of flat color as well as tiny shapes of color.

These come in two types:

a. Palette knife with usually a flexible steel blade and no cutting edge used to mix colors and may also be used to apply colors.

b. Painting knife - specialized for applying pigments on a surface. These have a larger crank or bend to keep knuckles away from the paint.

Spray gunSpray Paint - Paint in an aerosol container for spraying onto surfaces.

This method uses spray paint to apply pigment onto a surface.

FingerThe process or art of painting with finger paint using the fingers, hand, or arm.

CollageCollage comes from the French word, “Coller”, which means to paste.

In this method, artists incorporate images and other print media into their paintings.

Lee Aguinaldo, “Galumphing Nudes 3,” collage painting, 1964

Painting directly with textile paintPaint is dripped or splashed directly onto a canvas

Lee Aguinaldo, “Homage to Pollock”, 1953

{ SOurces } for methods

Sourceshttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paintbrush

•http://painting.about.com/od/paintingforbeginners/ss/painting_knife.htm

•http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/palette+knife

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fY_vETQkftY&list=UU6moch6qMnL8OKhHzC5eZRA&index=14&feature=plcp - avpintados

•http://offtrackplanet.com/inspiration/street-art-philippines/•http://www.thefreedictionary.com/spray+paint

•http://www.thefreedictionary.com/finger+painting

•http://manilaartblogger.wordpress.com/2010/10/26/ateneo-art-gallery-at-50-lee-aguinaldo-and-modern-masterpieces/•http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=750215&publicationSubCategoryId=•http://www.thefreedictionary.com/action+painting

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