Fabricated Stainless- Steel Slide Gates · ANSI/AWWA C562 gates have a fabricated, reinforced aluminum slide and a frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene

ANSI/AWWA C561-12(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C561-04)

AWWA Standard

Effective date: Aug. 1, 2012.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 18, 2004.This edition approved Jan. 22, 2012.Approved by American National Standards Institute June 5, 2012.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy Denver, CO 80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and Training Science and Technology Sections

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Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates

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Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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AWWA Standard

This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi-cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the official notice.

American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. Ameri-can National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.

Caution notiCe: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writ-ing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or emailing [email protected].

ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-894-5 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-192-9ISBN-10, print: 1-58321-894-7 eISBN-10, electronic: 1-61300-192-4

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or

quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.

Copyright © 2012 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USA


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Committee PersonnelThe AWWA Subcommittee for Revision of C561, Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates, which developed this revision, had the following personnel at the time:

George E. Whipps, Chair

R.J. Alberts, Pasco, Wash. (AWWA)J. Barnard, Armtec, Guelph, Ont. (AWWA)F. Bedard, Rodney Hunt–Fontaine, Magog, Que. (AWWA)T.J. Cluin, Golden Harvest Inc., Pflugerville, Texas (AWWA)T. Frazier, Hydro Gate Corporation, Commerce City, Colo. (AWWA)R. Hudgins, Flow Control Tech, Virginia Beach, Va. (AWWA)S. Lamb, Nickel Institute, Huntington, W.Va. (AWWA)D. Niblett, JASH USA, Weldon Spring, Mo. (AWWA)R.M. Scott, Rodney Hunt–Fontaine, Orange, Mass. (AWWA)D.C. Wheelock, Lower Colorado River Authority, Austin, Texas (AWWA)G.E. Whipps, Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass. (AWWA)J. Weber, MWRDGC, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)

The AWWA Standards Committee on Slide Gates, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:

Kirk H. Hipps, Chair

General Interest Members

M.D. Bennett, MWH Global, Cleveland, Ohio (AWWA)L.C. Gerbig, Lee C. Gerbig LLC, Avon, Ind. (AWWA)K.H. Hipps, AECOM, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)J.E. Koch, HDR Engineering Inc., Burlington, Wash. (AWWA)D.M. Flancher,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)M.L. Risk,* Standards Council Liaison, Mesa, Ariz. (AWWA)

* Liaison, nonvoting


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Producer Members

J. Barnard,* Armtec, Guelph, Ont. (AWWA)F. Bedard,* Rodney Hunt–Fontaine, Magog, Que. (AWWA)P.E. Brunelle, Rodney Hunt–Fontaine, Orange, Mass. (AWWA)S. Finlay, Armtec, Guelph, Ont. (AWWA)S. Lamb,† Nickel Institute, Huntington, W.Va. (AWWA)T.H. Newhams, Flow Control Tech., Chesapeake, Va. (AWWA)D. Niblett, JASH USA, Weldon Spring, Mo. (AWWA)R. Niedzwiecki,* Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass. (AWWA)D. Thomas, Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Operations LP, Houston, Texas (AWWA)G.E. Whipps, Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass. (AWWA)

User Members

R.J. Alberts, Pasco, Wash. (AWWA)A. Ali, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C. (AWWA)M.R. Johnson, Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District,

Millbury, Mass. (AWWA)A. Ramankutty, Detroit Water and Sewerage, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA)G.W. Rood, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)H.C. Suan, Edmonton Public Works, Edmonton, Alta. (AWWA)J. Weber, MWRDGC, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)D.C. Wheelock, Lower Colorado River Authority, Austin, Texas (AWWA)

* Alternate, nonvoting† Nonvoting


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ContentsAll AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard.

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

ForewordI Introduction .................................... vii

I.A Background ..................................... vii

I.B History ........................................... viii

I.C Acceptance ..................................... viii

II Special Issues .................................... ix

III Use of This Standard ........................ ix

III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ................................. x

III.B Modification to Standard ................. xi

IV Major Revisions. ............................... xi

V Comments ...................................... xii

Standard

1 General

1.1 Scope ................................................ 1

1.2 Purpose ............................................. 1

1.3 Application ........................................ 1

2 References ........................................ 2

3 Definitions ....................................... 4

4 Requirements

4.1 Data to Be Provided by the Supplier ................................. 5

4.2 Data to Be Provided by the Manufacturer .............................. 5

4.3 Materials .......................................... 6

4.4 General Design ................................. 8

4.5 Manufacture ................................... 15

4.6 Installation ...................................... 16

5 Verification

5.1 Inspection ....................................... 17

5.2 Test Procedures ............................... 17

6 Delivery

6.1 Marking .......................................... 18

6.2 Shipment ......................................... 18

6.3 Affidavit of Compliance .................. 18

AppendixA Force Required to Actuate

Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates ................................ 19


This page intentionally blank.


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ForewordThis foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C561.

I. Introduction.

I.A. Background. A fabricated stainless-steel slide gate is a vertically sliding gate with a fabricated, reinforced stainless-steel slide and a frame with ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene seating faces and resilient rubber seals. The slide gate consists of a self-contained frame or non-self-contained frame and a slide. Examples of where this type of gate is used include the control of water and wastewater through orifice openings in walls, at the end of pipes, at the ends of open-top channels or within open-top channels, and controlling flow at openings in tank walls. Downward-opening gates act as weir gates. Slide gates are raised and lowered by means of a stem or rod using a manually operated screw stem hoist, an electrically driven screw stem hoist, or by a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. Gates are mounted directly to concrete walls with anchor bolts, grouted into blockouts within concrete channel walls, or bolted to a pipe flange or wall thimble. Another term used to describe slide gates is sluice gates.

The term slide gate has been adopted for use by this series of standards, which supersede ANSI/AWWA C501-92. The standards are

ANSI/AWWA C560—Cast-Iron Slide GatesANSI/AWWA C561—Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide GatesANSI/AWWA C562—Fabricated Aluminum Slide GatesANSI/AWWA C563—Fabricated Composite Slide GatesThe slide gates represented by ANSI/AWWA C560 through ANSI/AWWA C563

differ in material and means of sealing between the slide and the fixed frame as described below.

ANSI/AWWA C560 gates have a cast-iron or cast-ductile-iron slide and frame with machined metal seating faces and wedges to force the slide to seal between the seating faces on the slide and frame.

ANSI/AWWA C561 gates have a fabricated, reinforced stainless-steel slide and a frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene seating faces and resilient rubber seals.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.


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ANSI/AWWA C562 gates have a fabricated, reinforced aluminum slide and a frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene seating faces and resilient rubber seals.

ANSI/AWWA C563 gates have fiberglass reinforced composite-plastic or rigid compressed plastic slides and frames of either fiberglass-reinforced composite-plastic stainless-steel or coated carbon steel, with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene seating faces and resilient rubber seals.

I.B. History. The original AWWA standard for slide gates (then referred to as sluice gates) was approved as tentative on June 26, 1941, and described cast-iron gates. The tentative standard was revised and approved on June 4, 1967, as AWWA C501. Subsequent editions were approved in January 1980, June 1987, and June 1992. Following the latest revision, the Standards Council authorized the development of additional standards for slide gates to recognize the widespread use of slide gates similar to ANSI/AWWA C501 gates in performance but manufactured by different methods and from different materials. For consistency among the new standards and recognizing the new designs employed, the Standards Council directed that each of the standards use the name slide gate in lieu of the term sluice gate. The Standards Council also directed that ANSI/AWWA C501 be redesignated ANSI/AWWA C560, with subsequent slide gate standards numbered consecutively. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA C561, Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates, was approved on Jan. 18, 2004. This edition was approved on Jan. 22, 2012.

I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.

In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including

* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.


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1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on April 7, 1990.

2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF*/ANSI† 60,

Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects.

4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemical Codex,‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency.

Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certi-fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regu-lated by USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcino-gens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.

ANSI/AWWA C561 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to

1. Determine additive requirements, including applicable standards.2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products

for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.3. Determine current information on product certification.

II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this section.

III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered.

* NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.† American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.‡ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,

DC 20001.


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III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items shall be provided by the purchaser:

1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C561, Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates, of latest revision.

2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects, is required.

3. Number of units required.4. Type of closure: conventional or flush-bottom.

a. Size, by width and height of clear opening.5. Design head measured from the surface of water/wastewater to centerline of

gate, in ft (m), for the following:a. Seating head.b. Unseating head.

6. Operating head measured from surface of water/wastewater to centerline of gate, in ft (m), in both seating and unseating conditions.

7. Type of lift actuator: manual, electric-motor-driven, or hydraulic-cylinder. If electric-motor-driven or hydraulic-cylinder, the purchaser should refer to ANSI/AWWA C542, Electric Motor Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates, or ANSI/AWWA C541, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder and Vane-Type Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates, respectively, of latest revision.

8. Conventional mounted frame or self-contained thrust reaction frame.9. Upward- or downward-opening gate.10. If hydraulic or pneumatic actuators are specified, provide cylinder operating

media and pressure (refer to ANSI/AWWA C541, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder and Vane-Type Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates, of latest revision).

11. Definition of any special design and construction required for conditions beyond the scope of this standard, such as throttling service, environmental condi-tions, sediment or grit exposure, and intended operation frequency and duration.

12. Frequency of operation and special operating conditions, such as ice formation.

13. An installation-requirement drawing showing clearances, wall and floor thicknesses, details of wall pipe and thimble installation, and location of actuator.

14. Any drawings and material requirements required of the supplier or of the manufacturer (Sec. 4.1 and 4.2).

15. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.3)


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16. If test records must be viewed (Sec. 4.3.2).17. Acceptable materials (Sec. 4.3.3).18. If seals, separate from seats, are to be provided (Sec. 4.3.3.8).19. Rising stem or nonrising stem (Sec. 4.4.7 and 4.4.11).20. Type of gate mounting used; if a wall thimble is used, required length and

shape (Sec. 4.4.10).21. Omission of stem covers if not required (Sec. 4.4.13.6).22. If a gate position indicator is to be provided with the actuator (Sec. 4.4.13.7).23. If an actuator stand is needed (Sec. 4.4.14).24. Weld inspections, if required (Sec. 4.5.1.3.2).25. Inspection by purchaser, if required (Sec. 5.1).26. Leakage tests in the shop (Sec. 5.2.1) and in the field (Sec. 5.2.2), if required.27. Separate shipment of embedded items, if required (Sec. 6.2).28. Affidavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3).

III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.

IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition include the following:

1. The foreword was extensively updated to bring consistency among the four slide gate standards: Fabricated Stainless-steel, Fabricated Aluminum, Fabricated Composite, and Cast Iron.

2. Wastewater considerations were included where applicable.3. Section 4, Requirements, was extensively updated to read identically in the

four slide gate standards except where materially different.4. Safety factors (both ultimate and yield) were increased to ensure that the

yoke would be designed at yield.5. Tensile, compressive, and critical buckling loads were readdressed and

language clarified.6. Maximum pressure velocity factors under defined operating conditions

(modulating open/close) were added to the general design along with new language for lift nut requirements, specifically pressure on the thread contact area and the ratio of the lift nut length to the diameter of the stem.

7. Allowable leakage rate for seating and unseating head was determined the same for all materials of construction.


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V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX 303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or email at [email protected].


AWWA Standard

1

ANSI/AWWA C561-12 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C561-04)

Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates

SECTION 1: GENERal

Sec. 1.1 ScopeThis standard describes vertically mounted, fabricated stainless-steel slide

gates with full-aperture closure, designed for either seating or unseating head, or both, in ordinary water supply and wastewater service. The gates are primarily used to shut off or throttle water or wastewater flow through a rectangular or round orifice, end of channel, or in-channel opening. They may be either of conventional-closure or flush-bottom-closure type and may open upward or downward. This standard also describes manual gate actuator mechanisms together with standard accessories. Power-actuated mechanisms (including electric, hydraulic, or pneu-matic) are described in ANSI/AWWA C541 and ANSI/AWWA C542.

Sec. 1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for fab-

ricated stainless-steel slide gates, including materials, general design, manufacture, testing, inspection, and shipment.

Sec. 1.3 applicationThis standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving

stainless-steel slide gates and can also be used as a guide for designing and man-ufacturing fabricated stainless-steel slide gates. The stipulations of this standard


2 AWWA C561-12

apply when this document has been referenced and then apply only to fabricated stainless-steel gates in water supply and wastewater service applications.

SECTION 2: REFERENCES

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.

AISI* 1117—Standard Designation for Low-Carbon Steel.AISI 4140—Standard Designation for Low-Alloy Hardenable Steel.AISI 8620—Standard Designation for Low-Alloy Hardenable Steel.ANSI/AWWA C541—Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder and Vane-Type

Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates.ANSI†/AWWA C542—Electric Motor Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates.ASME‡ B16.1—Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX—Welding and Brazing

Qualifications.ASTM§ A36/A36M—Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel.ASTM A48/A48M—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings.ASTM A126—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,

Flanges, and Pipe Fittings.ASTM A167—Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat Resisting Chro-

mium Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip.ASTM A240/A240M—Standard Specification for Chromium and Chro-

mium Nickel Stainless-Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications.

ASTM A249/A249M—Standard Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes.

ASTM A269—Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless-Steel Tubing for General Service.

ASTM A276—Standard Specification for Stainless-Steel Bars and Shapes.

* American Iron & Steel Institute, 1140 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036.† American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.‡ ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.§ ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.


FABrICATEd STAINlESS-STEEl SlIdE GATES 3

ASTM A312/A312M—Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless-Steel Pipes.

ASTM A356/A356M—Standard Specifications for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy Walled for Steam Turbines.

ASTM A376/A376M—Standard Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High Temperature Central Station Service.

ASTM A380—Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems.

ASTM A536—Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings.ASTM A582/A582—Standard Specification for Free Machining Stainless

Steel Bars.ASTM A743/A743M—Standard Specification for Castings, Iron Chromium,

Iron Chromium Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application.ASTM A790/A790M—Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Fer-

ritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe.ASTM A967—Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments

for Stainless Steel Parts.ASTM B98/B98M—Standard Specification for Copper Silicon Alloy Rod,

Bar and Shapes.ASTM B139/B139M—Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod,

Bar, and Shapes.ASTM B179—Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and

Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting Processes.ASTM B505/B505M—Standard Specification for Copper Base Alloy Con-

tinuous Castings.ASTM B584—Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for

General Application.ASTM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of

Liquids.ASTM D1149—Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Cracking

in an Ozone Controlled Environment.ASTM D2000—Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in

Automotive Applications.ASTM D4020—Standard Specifications for Ultra High Molecular Weight

Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials.


4 AWWA C561-12

ASTM F593—Standard Specifications for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs.

ASTM F594—Standard Specifications for Stainless Steel Nuts.AWS* D 1.6—Structural Welding Code, Stainless Steel.CDA†—Copper Alloy Numbers. (Note: CA precedes alloy numbers defined

by CDA.)SSPC‡ SP6 NACE§ No. 3—Commercial Blast Cleaning.

SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply in this standard:1. Constructor: The party that provides the work and materials for place-

ment and installation.2. Design head: Design head (seating or unseating) is the maximum dif-

ferential head that will actually be applied to the gate, measured from the gate centerline, under worst-case conditions.

3. Frame: The structural members used to attach the gate to the wall, wall thimble, or pipe carrying the water or wastewater to be controlled.

4. Guide: Stationary elements attached to the sides of the frame. The gate slide moves within the guides to open and close.

5. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products.

6. Operating head: Operating head is the highest differential head mea-sured from the gate centerline, when the gate must be operated.

7. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and cooking.

8. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed.

9. Reclaimed water: Wastewater that becomes suitable for beneficial use as a result of treatment.

* American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.† Copper Development Association, Greenwich Office Park 2, P.O. Box 1840, Greenwich, CT 06836.‡ SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Sixth Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.§ NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084.



10. Seal: Resilient material attached to the gate slide and/or gate frame to prevent leakage.

11. Seat: Horizontal and vertical bearing surfaces that support the gate slide. Seats can be attached to the gate frame and/or to the gate slide and can also serve to prevent leakage.

12. Sill: The contact surface for the slide on flush-bottom gates.13. Slide: The moving element of the gate that is in contact with water or

wastewater. (The actuator and stem cause the slide to move.)14. Supplier: The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or

may not be the manufacturer.15. Wastewater: A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste from

residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.

16. Weir gate: A downward-opening gate where water or wastewater flows over the top of the gate while the gate is continuously sealed along the bottom and sides. The gate may or may not be sealed across the top when the slide is in upper-most (closed) position.

SECTION 4: REqUIREMENTS

Sec. 4.1 Data to Be Provided by the SupplierWhen required by the purchaser, the supplier shall provide certified drawings

and material requirements of the equipment to be supplied under the provisions of this standard. The drawings shall be in sufficient detail for the purchaser to deter-mine if the proposed equipment meets the requirements.

Sec. 4.2 Data to Be Provided by the ManufacturerWhen required, the manufacturer shall submit, for acceptance by the pur-

chaser, drawings certified as meeting ANSI/AWWA C561, showing the principal dimensions, general construction, and materials used for all parts of the slide gate and actuator. Slide gates shall be manufactured and provided in accordance with these drawings after they have been accepted by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall also provide illustrated catalog data and parts schedules in sufficient detail to serve as a guide for assembly and disassembly of the gate and for ordering repair parts.


6 AWWA C561-12

Sec. 4.3 Materials Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act

and other federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems as applicable.

4.3.1 Physical and chemical properties. The requirements of AWWA, ANSI, AISI, ASTM, CDA, or other standards referenced in this text shall govern the physical and chemical characteristics of the slide-gate components. Dual certi-fied stainless-steel permits “L” grades to be used with higher mechanical properties associated with the standard grades of 304 and 316 stainless steel.

4.3.2 Tests. Whenever slide-gate components are to be made in confor-mance with industry standards that include test requirements or testing proce-dures, such requirements or procedures shall be met by the manufacturer. The records of such tests shall be made available if required by the purchaser.

4.3.3 Requirements. Materials designated hereinafter, when used in slide gates produced according to this standard, shall conform to the requirements of the standards designated for each material listed. Materials shall conform to the following requirements:

4.3.3.1 Thimble, frame, guides, slide, yoke, and stem guides. Austen-itic stainless steel per ASTM A167; ASTM A240; ASTM A249; ASTM A269; ASTM A276, Type 303,* Types 304 and 304L, or Types 316 and 316L (“L” grades or dual certified grades shall be used for all welded components); or duplex stainless steel per ASTM A240, ASTM A276, ASTM A790 Alloy 2205.†

4.3.3.2 Actuator pedestal and gear housing. Cast iron per ASTM A126, class B, or ASTM A48, class 30; steel per ASTM A36; aluminum‡ per ASTM A356 or ASTM B179; stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316, ASTM A312, or ASTM A376; or ductile iron per ASTM A536, grade 65-45-12.

4.3.3.3 Gears. Steel per AISI 1117, AISI 4140, or AISI 8620.

* The physical properties of Type 303 stainless steel must be the same as for Type 304. When immersed, Type 303 stainless steel is potentially susceptible to end grain attack at machined or cut faces.

† Gates produced according to this standard may be fabricated of other grades of stainless steel, if specified by the purchaser, to meet particular application conditions. Consult the manufacturer regarding availability.

‡ Not recommended for use with stainless-steel gates where aluminum is in direct contact with stainless steel.



4.3.3.4 Thrust nuts.4.3.3.4.1 Rising-stem thrust nuts. Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type

303, Type 304, or Type 316, or ASTM A743, grade CF8 or CF8M; or bronze per ASTM B584.*

4.3.3.4.2 Nonrising stem thrust nuts. Bronze per ASTM B584.4.3.3.5 Stem couplings. Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type

304, or Type 316, or ASTM A582; or bronze per ASTM B584 (CA 863, CA 865, or CA 873).†

4.3.3.6 Gate actuator lift nut. Bronze per ASTM B584 (CA 863, CA 865) or ASTM B505 (UNS C95800).

4.3.3.7 Seats. Cast or extruded ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) per ASTM D4020.

4.3.3.8 Seals. When used, seal material is to be nonmetallic resilient material, such as neoprene, EPDM,‡ polyethylene, or UHMW-PE per ASTM D4020. Reclaimed rubber, as described in ASTM D2000, shall not be used.

4.3.3.9 Stem guide bushings. Cast or extruded UHMW-PE per ASTM D4020; stainless steel per ASTM A276 Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316; or bronze per ASTM B584 (CA 932 or CA 873), ASTM B98 (CA 651 or CA 655), or ASTM B139 (CA 510).

4.3.3.10 Stems. Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316.

4.3.3.11 Anchor bolts and fasteners. Stainless steel per ASTM F593 or ASTM F594, alloy group 1 or group 2; or ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316.

4.3.3.12 Flush-bottom seal. Resilient seals for flush-bottom type gates shall be extruded or molded neoprene or EPDM. Reclaimed rubber, as described in ASTM D2000, shall not be used.

4.3.3.13 Flush-bottom seal retainer. Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316.

* If bronze is not acceptable, consult the manufacturer for alternatives.† Some materials described in the cited documents are subject to dealuminization or dezincification in some waters.

In the absence of specific provisions by the purchaser, any material listed shall be acceptable. However, it is recom-mended that the purchaser prohibit the use of materials identified as being subject to dezincification or dealumini-zation unless experience has shown that dezincification or dealuminization has not been a problem.

‡ Ethylene propylene diene monomer.


8 AWWA C561-12

4.3.3.14 Wedges and pressure pads. Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316; ASTM A743, Type CF8 or CF8M; or UHMW-PE per ASTM D4020.

Sec. 4.4 General Design4.4.1 Frames.4.4.1.1 Material. The frame shall be made of wrought stainless steel

of the specified commercial grade or from commercially available structural shapes. The minimum material thickness of all members except seal retainers shall be 1/4 in. (6.4 mm).

4.4.1.2 Design. The frame shall be designed for the design head indi-cated with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compres-sive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Mating surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper operation.

4.4.2 Slides.4.4.2.1 Material. The slide shall be made of wrought stainless steel of the

specified commercial grade or from commercially available structural shapes. The minimum thickness of all members except seal retainers shall be 1/4 in. (6.4 mm).

4.4.2.2 Design. The slide shall be designed for the minimum safety fac-tor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength, and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The slide shall have surfaces to engage the guides for the full length of the slide when fully closed. Slide deflection shall not exceed 1/720 of gate width at maximum design head or 1/16 in. (1.6 mm), whichever is less. Mating surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper operation. The lateral clearance between the frame and the guides shall be controlled so as to permit free travel.

4.4.3 Seats and seals.4.4.3.1 Design. The gate may have an integral seat/seal system or a seal

separate from the seat. Seats and seals shall be secured to the frame or to the slide in a manner to ensure they will remain in place, free of distortion or loosening during the life of the gate.

4.4.3.2 Seat contact. The seating/sealing surfaces shall contact their mat-ing surfaces so as to meet the specified leakage requirements in Sec. 5.2.2.1. Seat contact pressure shall not exceed 600 psi (4,137 kPa) at the design head. For this calculation, the top seat and bottom seat, if any, shall not be considered as load bearing.



4.4.4 Flush-bottom sill.4.4.4.1 Design. The design of the sill shall be such as to provide resis-

tance against leakage. The maximum allowable leakage is specified in Sec. 5.2.2.1. The seal at the sill shall be mounted on the slide or the frame and shall be held securely in place.

4.4.4.2 Material tests. Rubber compounds shall be capable of withstanding an ozone-resistance test when tested in accordance with ASTM D1149. The tests shall be conducted on unstressed samples for 70 hrs at 104°F (40°C) without visible cracking in the surface samples after the tests. Rubber compounds shall have less than 2 percent volume increase when tested in accordance with ASTM D471, after being immersed in distilled water at 73.4°F ± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C) for 70 hrs.

4.4.5 Guides.4.4.5.1 Material. Guides shall be wrought stainless steel of the specified

material type or from commercially available structural shapes. The minimum material thickness, except for seal retainers, shall be 1/4 in. (6.4 mm).

4.4.5.2 Design. Guides shall be integral with the frame or bolted to the frame. Guides, including their bolting, if any, shall be designed to resist the design head indicated and the wedging action, if any, with a safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The guides shall support at least one half of the slide height when the slide is in fully open position. Guides of self-contained gates shall be designed to adequately support the yoke and resist operating loads with a safety factor of 4 on the ultimate or 2 on the yield with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear strengths of the material.

4.4.6 Yoke. Self-contained gates shall be provided with a wrought stainless-steel yoke designed to withstand the thrust of the actuator when an 80-lb (356-N) effort is placed on the handwheel or crank, with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Yokes for hydraulic cylinders shall meet the above criteria at the output thrust at maximum working pressure (not pressure relief valve setting). In addition to the above criteria for manual operation, yokes for electric actuators shall be designed for a safety factor of 1.5 with regard to yield strength at the locked-rotor torque of the actuator. Yoke deflection shall not exceed 1/360 of gate width, or a maximum of 1/4 in. (6.4 mm), whichever is less at maximum operating load. The actuator mounting and guide contact surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper


10 AWWA C561-12

stem alignment. The yoke shall be designed to allow removal of the slide from the gate assembly.

4.4.7 Stem connection. The stem shall be connected to the slide by a thrust nut, or by a through-bolt, or a pinned connection. The connection shall be designed to prevent rotation of the thrust nut. Rising-stem thrust nuts shall be threaded and keyed or threaded and pinned to the stem. Nonrising-stem thrust nuts shall be threaded but not keyed. The connection shall be designed to with-stand the stated design load with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The design load for the stem connection shall be (1) for manual actuators, the output thrust devel-oped when an 80-lb (356-N) effort is applied to the handwheel or crank; (2) for electric actuators, 1.5 times the output thrust developed in the motor-locked rotor torque condition; (3) for hydraulic actuators, 1.5 times the output thrust developed by the maximum working pressure (not pressure relief valve setting).

4.4.7.1 Nonrising-stem design. For upward opening gates, the stem shall not protrude into the clear opening of the gate when the slide is in the fully open position.

4.4.8 Wedging devices and pressure pads. Adjustable wedges or pressure pads shall be provided to ensure seat contact when the gate is fully closed, for gates with seats that are not self-adjusting, when deemed necessary by the gate manufacturer to meet the specified leakage. The mating surfaces of these devices shall be accurately made and of sufficient contact area to ensure proper operation. Adjusting mechanisms shall be so designed as to remain securely in place after adjustment.

4.4.9 Assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts. Assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts shall be of such size and spacing as required to resist the design forces with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Bolting on circular flanged-back gates mounting to pipe flanges shall mate with class 25-lb or class 125-lb drilling as specified in ASME B16.1. Mounting bolts or studs shall be of adequate number and spacing to seal the mounting flange and resist the shearing action caused by operating forces. Where adhesive anchors or expansion anchors are used, the bolt loads shall not exceed the bolt manufacturer’s recommendations.



4.4.10 Wall thimbles.4.4.10.1 Material. Where thimbles are used, they shall be fabricated of

the specified grade of wrought stainless steel. The minimum material thickness shall be 1/4 in. (6.4 mm).

4.4.10.2 Design. The cross section of the thimble shall be of a shape to inhibit pullout and water/wastewater seepage. Provision for pipe attachment shall be made when specified. The front, or mounting flange shall be accurately formed to provide a suitable mounting surface and shall be provided with mounting fas-teners that mate the gate frame hole pattern. Gate mounting studs shall be attached by nuts, no thinner than American Standard Finish Hex nuts welded to the back of the thimble or by tapped holes in the thimble. Tapped holes, where used, shall have a minimum thread engagement of one stud diameter. A ring or a flange around the outside of the wall box shall be provided to form a water/wastewater stop and anchor ring in the concrete.

4.4.10.3 Release of air. To permit entrapped air to escape as the thimble is being encased in concrete, holes shall be provided in each entrapment zone, formed by the reinforcing ribs, flanges, and water stops. The holes shall be 11/2 in. (38 mm) in diameter and no more than 2 ft (600 mm) apart.

4.4.11 Stem and stem couplings.4.4.11.1 Material. The stem shall be stainless steel of the specified grade.4.4.11.2 Design. The operating stem shall be rising or nonrising and shall

be designed to withstand both tension and compression loads. For manual actua-tors (or electric motor actuators in manual mode) the tension load caused by the application of an 80-lb (356-N) effort on the crank or handwheel or a 100-ft-lb (136-Nm) torque on a wrench nut. Where hydraulic-cylinder actuators are used, the tension and compression design loads shall be those caused by 1.5 times the out-put thrust of the hydraulic cylinder with a pressure equal to the maximum work-ing pressure (not pressure relief valve setting) of the hydraulic fluid supply. Where electric-motor-driven actuators are used, the tension and compression design loads shall be those caused by 1.5 times the output thrust of the unit in the stalled motor condition. The tension design load shall not exceed one-fifth of the ultimate tensile strength of the stem material. The compression design load shall be less than the critical buckling load as determined by the Euler Column formula,* where C = 2.

* Euler Column formula: P = Cp2 EA (r /l )2, where P = axial load on stem, C defines end restraint conditions, E = modulus of elasticity, l = length or span between supports, r = radius of gyration, and A = area of stem, minor diameter for threaded portion of stem.


12 AWWA C561-12

4.4.11.3 Threads. Stem threads that generate gate motion (rising stem threads at the actuator lift nut or non-rising stem threads at the gate thrust nut) shall be machine cut or rolled American Standard general purpose Acme or stub Acme type with a surface finish of 32 micro-inch or better. Stem coupling threads and rising stem thrust nut threads may be American Standard general purpose Acme or stub Acme or may be unified screw threads. Where unified screw threads are used, typically for hydraulic-cylinder stem connections, the pitch may not be finer than Unified National Coarse (UNC). On rising-stem gates with manual actuators, the top of the stem shall be provided with a stop collar to be field adjusted according to the manufacturer’s instructions at the time of gate installation to pre-vent overclosing the gate.

4.4.11.4 Coupling. Where stems are provided in more than one piece, the sections shall be joined together by solid couplings. The couplings shall be threaded and keyed, threaded and bolted, or bolted only when one of the pieces is made of tubing and shall be of greater strength than the stem.

4.4.11.5 Inverted gates. For inverted-gate applications where the gate is lowered to open, a stop collar or other positive means shall be provided to prevent the loss of the slide from the guides.

4.4.12 Stem guides. Stem guides shall be provided as required to meet the stem design requirements of Sec. 4.4.11.2. The stem guide brackets may be mounted on the gate guides, yoke, or wall of the chamber. Wall-mounted guides shall provide lateral adjustment between the wall and the guide bracket and between the guide bracket and the guide for field alignment. Guides, which are mounted on the gate assembly, shall be designed and fabricated to ensure proper alignment. The stem guide assemblies and their anchor bolts shall be designed to maintain the alignment under operating loads. The stem guide shall be bushed with a maximum diametral clearance of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm). Guides shall be placed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The length–radius of gyration of the stem ratio shall not exceed 200.

4.4.13 Manual actuators.4.4.13.1 Operation. The manual actuator shall have either a direct-drive

handwheel without reduction gearing or shall be crank-actuated with either single- or double-reduction gearing as necessary to meet lifting capacity required. The actuator shall be sized to permit slide operation with an effort of not more than a 40-lb (178-N) pull on the handwheel–handcrank or a 50-ft-lb (68-Nm) torque on the lift nut or input shaft, depending on the lift type. Maximum pull or torque



to start the slide in motion must not exceed 1.5 times this amount. Components of the actuator shall be designed to withstand these input efforts or torques with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength.

4.4.13.2 General design. The actuator shall have a bronze lift nut threaded to fit the operating stem. Lift nuts shall be of high-strength bronze having a minimum tensile of 65 ksi,* and a minimum hardness of 94 BHN.† Threads shall be Acme type and shall have a PV (pressure velocity) factor not exceeding 50,000 (pressure velocity factor is surface feet per minute [SFPM] times contact pressure in psi [SFPM × psi]) for open/close service and 30,000 for modulating service with lubrication as specified by the manufacturer. Maximum pressure on the projected area of thread contact shall not exceed 2,000 psi at normal maximum operating load. Roller, needle, or ball bearings shall be provided above and below the flange on the lift nut to take the thrust developed during gate operation. Bearings (and gears) shall be enclosed in a cast-iron, ductile-iron, or cast-aluminum housing with oil seals and O-rings, or mechanical seals used to seal the unit. Fittings shall be provided so that bearings (and gears) can be periodically lubricated, unless per-manently lubricated. The actuator shall be supplied with a pedestal, torque tube, or baseplate; machined and drilled for mounting the lift housing; and ready for bolting to the operating floor, top wall mounting bracket, or gate yoke, as required.

4.4.13.3 Gear-reducing actuators. The drive gears used in gear-reducing actuators shall be of steel and accurately machined, with cut teeth to provide smooth and proper operation. Input shafts shall be stainless steel and supported by tapered roller or other roller-type bearings designed to withstand the radial and thrust loads generated during operation. Geared actuators shall be suitable for operation by use of a portable motor apparatus. If steel input shafts are used, they shall be suitably plated where exposed.

4.4.13.4 Crank/handwheel. The crank shall be removable and fitted with a corrosion-resistant rotating handle. The maximum crank radius shall be 15 in. (380 mm), and the maximum handwheel diameter shall be 30 in. (760 mm).

4.4.13.5 Opening direction. The direction of wheel or crank rotation to open the gate shall be indicated on the actuator. Single-speed actuators shall open

* ksi—kips per square inch† BHN—Brinell Hardness Number


14 AWWA C561-12

counterclockwise. Two-speed actuators shall open counterclockwise for the low mechanical-advantage gear ratio (high-speed pinion shaft).

4.4.13.6 Stem cover. Each rising-stem unit shall be provided with a stem cover. The cover shall be made of galvanized steel pipe, aluminum pipe, or clear plastic pipe that will not discolor, crack, or become opaque for at least five years after installation. Slotted metal stem covers used to indicate a position shall have clear plastic windows. The cover shall be of sufficient diameter and length to permit full travel of the threaded stem without obstruction. The stem cover shall be vented, drained, and mounted in a housing or adaptor plate for easy field installation.

4.4.13.7 Indicator. When specified, each rising-stem-type actuator with a solid galvanized steel or aluminum pipe cover and nonrising-stem actuators shall be provided with a dial or counter-type position indicator to show the position of the gate at all times. The indicator shall be geared to the actuator.

4.4.13.8 Dual actuators. Gates 48 in. (1,200 mm) and wider, and having widths greater than twice their height, shall be provided with dual stems and with two manual actuators connected by a cross shaft for simultaneous operation. Cross shafting shall be stainless steel or aluminum. Flexible couplings shall be provided at each end of the cross shaftings.

4.4.14 Powered actuators.4.4.14.1 Speed of operation. The normal rate of movement of the slide

during gate operation shall be 10–14 in./min (254–356 mm/min) under specified operating conditions.

4.4.14.2 Finish.4.4.14.2.1 Cleaning and preparation. Surfaces shall be prepared in accor-

dance with Sec. 4.5.2.4.4.14.2.2 Submerged ferrous surfaces or ferrous surfaces subjected to

splashing. After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer’s shop with a minimum two-coat high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent suitable for use in potable water. After coated surfaces are dry, machined or bearing surfaces and the holes, both plain and threaded, shall be coated with a protective grease suitable for potable water until time of installation.

4.4.14.2.3 Exposed above-grade ferrous surfaces. After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent suitable for outdoor exposure. The coating does not have to be suitable for potable water.



4.4.14.3 Electric motor actuators. Electric motor actuators shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C542, Sec. 4.4, except for lift nut requirements (Sec. 4.4.13.2), speed of operation, and finish previously noted.

4.4.14.4 Cylinder actuators. Except for speed of operation and finish previously noted, cylinder actuators shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C541, Sec. 4.4, with the exception of piston rods. Piston rods shall be 30,000-psi (206.8-MPa) minimum yield strength, stainless steel ASTM A276 Type 303, Type 304, or 17-4 PH stainless steel, hard chrome plated, 0.0005-in. (0.0127-mm) thick and shall have a 20-micro-inch (0.000508-mm) finish or smoother.

4.4.15 Surface preparation. Carbon steel and alloy surfaces shall be pre-pared in accordance with Sec. 4.5.2.1 and shall have a high-solids epoxy protective coating or equivalent applied. Coating does not have to be suitable for potable water unless the actuator is immersed.

Sec. 4.5 Manufacture4.5.1 Fabrication and finish.4.5.1.1 Workmanship. The gate, slide, and frame shall be fabricated

to within 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) squareness, flatness, and dimensional tolerance with respect to gate opening. Bolt holes shall be accurately located to mounting patterns indicated on the drawings and shall be drilled or punched and free of burrs and defects. Machined parts shall be accurately machined with interchangeable parts so that replacement parts can be provided at any time and replaced in the field with minimal effort. Parts shall conform to the design dimensions and shall be free from defects in material and workmanship.

4.5.1.2 Castings. Castings shall be clean, sound, and without defects that could impair their function.

4.5.1.3 Welding.4.5.1.3.1 Stainless steel. Stainless steel shall be welded in accordance with

AWS D1.6 or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.4.5.1.3.2 Additional inspection. The purchaser should specify if addi-

tional weld inspection is required. If requested, the specific weld inspection shall be identified as required with reference to AWS D1.6.

4.5.2 Protective coatings and surface treatment.4.5.2.1 Items to be protectively coated. Carbon and alloy steels exposed

to weather shall be protective coated. Surfaces shall be cleaned per SSPC SP6 NACE No. 3, dry, and free of grease before coating. After cleaning, the surfaces


16 AWWA C561-12

shall be primed and finished in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent.

4.5.2.2 Noncoated material. Galvanized or aluminum manual actuator housings, stem covers, or other hardware do not require protective coating.

4.5.2.3 Stainless-steel cleaning. Stainless steel does not require protective coatings for corrosion resistance, and protective coatings are generally not recom-mended. Stainless steel parts shall be cleaned, free of grease and dirt, and descaled in accordance with ASTM A380. Where gates will be exposed to deionized or high-purity water, stainless-steel parts shall also be passivated in accordance with ASTM A380 or ASTM A967. Stainless-steel weldments shall be cleaned and free of slag, weld spatter, and heat tint discoloration.

Sec. 4.6 InstallationHandle, store, and install the wall thimble or other connection device, gate,

actuator mechanism, stem, stem guides, and accessories in accordance with the manufacturer’s drawings and recommendations. Care shall be taken to avoid warp-ing the gate frame and maintain tolerances between seating faces. Gates, thimbles, stems, and actuators shall be plumbed, shimmed, and aligned accurately.

4.6.1 Hole protection. Tapped holes in thimbles shall be plugged for protection.

4.6.2 Surface protection. During construction, the surfaces of the con-necting device, wall thimble, gate, actuators, and appurtenances shall be covered or otherwise protected from concrete spillage, paint, oil, and debris. Any damage that occurs to the connecting device or gate in storage or handling shall be corrected prior to installation of the gate or operating and testing of the gate.

4.6.3 Thimble. Thimbles shall be positioned accurately and supported to prevent shifting during the pouring of the surrounding concrete. Thimbles shall be carefully braced both horizontally and vertically to prevent distortion. Concrete shall be poured carefully to provide a good bond to the thimble without voids. Concrete shall be forced under the thimble up to the air-vent holes.

4.6.4 Slide. After gates have been completely installed, adjusted, and properly lubricated, each slide shall be operated for one complete cycle, open-close-open or close-open-close. Check for proper alignment and for any indications of binding throughout a complete cycle.

4.6.5 Switch setting. After installation of gates with electric motor actu-ators, torque switches shall be adjusted and limit switches set according to the



manufacturer’s recommendations. The gate shall then be operated through one complete cycle, open-close-open or close-open-close.

4.6.6 Actuator storage. If hydraulic–cylinder actuators are to be stored at the jobsite for one month or longer, the cylinders shall be filled with oil at the stor-age site. If oil-filled cylinders are stored horizontally, they shall be rotated at least once per month. If electric actuators are to be stored at the jobsite for one month or longer, provisions shall be made to energize the electrical enclosure strip heaters.

4.6.7 Cylinder. After installation of gates with hydraulic-cylinder actua-tors, the alignment of the cylinder with the gate shall be checked by opening the gate before water or wastewater is turned into the gate chamber. Binding or side thrust on the cylinder rod shall be eliminated to ensure proper cylinder operation and long life of seals. Connections shall be carefully checked for leaks. After proper alignment has been obtained and absence of leaks ensured, the gate, submerged or subject to normal operating heads, shall be checked through another complete cycle of operation, open-close-open or close-open-close.

SECTION 5: VERIFICaTION

Sec. 5.1 InspectionWork performed according to this standard shall be subject to inspection and

approval by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have access to places of manufacture where materials are being produced or fabricated or where tests are conducted, and the purchaser shall be accorded full facilities for inspection and observation. Any slide gate or part that does not conform to the requirements of this standard shall be made satisfactory or shall be rejected and replaced.

Sec. 5.2 Test Procedures5.2.1 Shop testing.5.2.1.1 Performance tests. After completion, seating and wedging sur-

faces shall be cleaned thoroughly of foreign materials and final adjustments shall be made. The slide gate shall then be operated in the shop from the fully closed to the fully open positions to verify that the assembly is functional. A shop leakage test meeting the requirements of Sec. 5.2.2 shall be made when specified in the purchaser’s requirements.

Note: Shop leakage tests cannot be carried out for all types and sizes of gates. Purchasers should consult the manufacturer involved before specifying such tests.


18 AWWA C561-12

5.2.2 Field leakage test. A field leakage test may be performed by the pur-chaser after installation of the slide gate. The manufacturer shall be notified of the test so as to allow sufficient time to enable a representative of the manufacturer to be present at the test site. After adjustments have been made and the mechanism properly lubricated, each gate slide shall be operated through one complete cycle as a final check on proper operation before starting the leakage test. Seating and unseating heads shall be measured from the top surface of the water or wastewater to the center of the gate.

5.2.2.1 Allowable leakage. Under the design head, seating or unseating, as specified, the allowable leakage shall not exceed 0.10 gpm/ft (1.24 Lpm/m) of seating perimeter.

SECTION 6: DElIVERy*

Sec. 6.1 MarkingEach gate shall be marked by body marking, or a corrosion-resistant name-

plate, or both, that clearly indicates the manufacturer’s name or trademark, gate size, designation of the maximum working pressure rating of the gate, and year of manufacture.

Sec. 6.2 ShipmentSlide gates shall be complete when shipped. The manufacturer shall use all

due and customary care in preparing them for shipment to avoid damage in han-dling or in transit. Particular care shall be taken to make certain that the parts are completely closed and locked in position before shipment. Parts that are to be embedded in concrete may be shipped separately if requested by the purchaser. Slide gates 24 in. (600 mm) and larger shall be bolted securely or otherwise fas-tened to skids in such a manner that they can be safely handled.

Sec. 6.3 affidavit of ComplianceWhen required, the manufacturer shall provide an affidavit that the material

provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard.

* Governmental marking, packaging, and shipping references reflect US requirements. Users of ANSI/AWWA C561 outside the US should verify applicable local and national regulatory requirements.


19

aPPENDIX a

Force Required to actuate Fabricated Stainless-Steel Gates

This appendix is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C561.

The maximum force required to actuate a slide gate occurs during the unseating and raising of the weight of the slide. In closing normally, the downward motion of the gate and the weight of the stem and slide act in the direction of motion and reduce the force required.

The force required to actuate the slide is, in part, empirically determined. The force may be calculated as shown below. For design purposes, the force should not be taken as less than 50 lb per lineal inch of gate opening height.

F = 62.4 × f × A × H + 1.5 × P1 + P2

([metric] F = 1,000 × f × A × H + 1.5 × P1 + P2)Where:

F = total maximum force required to open slide, lb (N)f = friction factor of slide against seat

A = area of gate opening, ft2 (m2)H = head of water or wastewater at gate centerline, ft (m)P1 = weight of slide, lb (kg)P2 = weight of stem, lb (kg)

The friction factor f between the slide and the seats may be taken as 0.20 if UHMW-PE seats are used or 1.0 if rubber seals are used. Appropriate changes in opening force calculations (bearing pressure and friction factor) must be made if seals, separate from the seats, are used. The weight of the stem and slide should be obtained from the manufacturer of the gate. It has not been general practice to reduce the weight of the slide or stem because of the buoyant effect of the water.

The force required to overcome the frictional effect of the wedges is accounted for by empirically assigning one half of the weight of the slide to the opening force.

On partially opened parallel closure gates and on wedge type gates, after release from the wedges, the force becomes

F1 = 62.4 × f × A × H + P1 + P2 + P3

([metric] F1 = 1,000 × f × A × H + P1 + P2 + P3)


20 AWWA C561-12

Where:

F1 = total maximum force required for sustained effort on the actuator, lb (kg)

P3 = 62.4 × H × a × c, lb

([metric] P3 = 1,000 × H × a × c, N)Where:

a = cross-sectional area of gate slide (gate width × bottom rib plan dimension), ft2 (m2)

c = coefficient

P3 accounts for the downpull force caused by the flow velocity when the gate is slightly open. It is significant only on large gates and higher heads. The coeffi-cient varies with the shape of the gate lip. The c coefficient can range from less than 0 to more than 1.0.

The above forces are based on the use of a handwheel, crank, or electric-motor-actuated gate where the lift nut turns around a threaded rising stem or where the threaded stem turns inside a thrust nut on nonrising-stem applications.

When cylinder actuators are employed, it is suggested that the total forces calculated above be multiplied by a 1.3 safety factor when starting the gate from closed to open.


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Documents

Fabricated Stainless- Steel Slide Gates · ANSI/AWWA C562 gates have a fabricated, reinforced aluminum slide and a frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene