Facta - Revista de Gambiologia #1

7/23/2019 Facta - Revista de Gambiologia #1

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15/112

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17/112

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19/112

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20/112

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21/112

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22/112

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Ahyr Ihug

Khymlug Hvb~beg

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33/112

H pylablyh ekheh eg ag~labdug eg{[ba [humlub$ Rah ekheh ebpgl{ eg

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bsu hde lmmruyhulgd i| @mbya [ghyb

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)geh glbehebbgdgalhabdubebbdebdub riygerv

rmuryh hmlbdheh$)Mrlh [hduhbmmh

bsug b lmruyhb gy Nbydhdeg Yhibmg

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@g{uhyhag{ eb ldhr`ryhy b{{h {b{{g {giyb h{ lygdlh{ ehubkdgmg`lh- gr {bfh- ureg hxrlmg xrb dg {by pygph`hdehb dba pygph`heg pbmh lde{uylh eb kgd{rag eg{ hphybmcg{bmbuydlkg{ b ldngyaulkg{$ Hxrl ~bybag{ g{ byyg{- h{hdgahmlh{- g{ ebnblug{ b h{ klmheh{ xrb h ubkdgmg`lh dg{)lapb)- {lapmb{abdub pbmg nhug eb kgdhyag{ ebahl{ dg{{br{ igub{ b ibdbnklg{ nhug{ xrb { pgeba {by uyhuheg{ kgakbyuh eg{b eb lygdlh$ Higyehybag{ dg { h xrb{ug ukdlkh-g{ ir`{- ah{ uhaia g h{pbkug {gklhm- pgmulkg b crahdg-

pyldklphmabdub dg Iyh{lm$

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bduybubdlabdug- berkhg b ldgyahg$Dh pyulkh ugydhyha!{b ahl{ ~bkrmg{ ebbduybubdlabdug b pygph`hdeh ~gmuheh phyhg kgd{rag B{{b{ ablg{ {b kgd{uluryhaba `yhdeb{ bapyb{h{ kgduygmheh{ pbmg {bugypyl~heg- dg gi{uhdub- dg kh{g- pgy bsbapmg-eh yhelgelr{g #yelg b ^,- {by rahkgdkb{{g pimlkh$ [b gmchyag{ cgfb phyh g

delkb eb hdhmhibul{ag dg ph{- hug xrbdbdcrah eb{uh{ dg~h{ ubkdgmg`lh{- kgaguhimbu gr dbuiggj- {by~lyha phyh abmcgyhyb{{h b{uhu{ulkh$ Lygdlkhabdub- dbdcrah

& ubkLYGDLH{ & ;2


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H lygdlh bgdeleh ebihlsg eg uhbub

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G Iyh{lm ub~b h {bsuh b{kgmh ukdlkh eg ardeg-ba [hduh Yluh eg [hprkh ! A@- ba


39/112

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40/112

by| bgdgalhmm| ebbdebdu glbu| ygerb hmlbdhub rirmurybMrlh [hduhbmmh

bsu hde lmmruyhulgd i| Nbydhdeg Yhibmg

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ygdlb cleebd rdeby ucb hybu

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mhy`b{u pygerkby g {klbdkb ld ucb gyme luc higru 9$5"g ucb priml{cbe hyulkmb{ ld ahfgy gymeleb {klbdulkah`hvldb{$ Cgb~by- b hyb dgu b~bd hagd` ucb 9; ahldpygerkby{ g ubkcdgmg`|$

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41/112

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42/112

DbugD eb kHy~HmCg iyH`H H

aHlgy {raleHeb ba bmbuyDl!

kH eg iyH{lm b kbyuHabDub raH

eH{ aHlgyb{ eg arDeg$ B{{b phr!ml{uhdg eb >> hdg{- xrb kgabgr h {b bd~gm~bykga b{{b rdl~by{g xrhdeg hldeh uldch ;- el!yl`lr yb~l{uh{ kgag Bmbuydlkh guhm b Bs!pbyldklh{ b Iyldkheblyh{ kga Bmbuydlkh:primlkgr 5? ml~yg{- {bdeg igh phyub dg bsub!ylgy- ba ph{b{ kgag B{uheg{ Rdleg{- ryxrlh bKcldh: kggyebdh g Ld{ulurug xrb mb~h

{br dgab b ahdua g khrehmg{g {lubdbugdkiyh`h$kga$iy: mbklgdh bkdgmg`lh- Bmb!uydlkh- Abkhuydlkh b bmbkgardlkhb{ b {b`!rb pygervldeg ubsug{- bspbylabdug{ b pygfbug{$

H eb{pblug el{{g ureg- dh bduyb~l{uh xrbkgdkbebr h Nybe _hrmldg b Mrkh{ Ahyh- eh

Nhkuh- Dbugd Iyh`h elv xrb b{u hpg{bd!uheg$ Hg ab{ag ubapg- kgabduh xrb b{ukga ahl{ eb 2 alm hyul`g{ pygdug{- xrb b{!ug {bdeg pygkb{{heg{ phyh- hg mgd`g eg{pyslag{ hdg{- {byba pg{uheg{ ba {br {lub$ kga bapgm`hg xrb bmb hmh eg bd{ldg ehbmbuydlkh- eg ldubyb{{b eg{ fg~bd{ pbmh ybh-b uhaia eb dgab{ ybbybdklhl{ phyh {rhpypylh gyahg$ Kgdyh h {b`rly kgag gl hkgd~by{h- ybhmlvheh dh b{kgmh eb {b`rdeg `yhrAhuby Hahilml{- ba @rhyrmcg{ ! [_- gdeb gab{uyb mbklgdh$

G `yhdeb ab{uyb eh bmbuydlkh dg Iyh{lm b kgmhigyhegy ehhuh nhmh bskmr{l~habdub yb~l{uh {giyb ubkdgmg`lh- gi{gmb{kdklh- kg klbdukh b- kmhyg- g a eg ardeg$

rkh hyh- Dbugd $ yh`h b Nybe hrmldgNgug6 ylkj lkkg

H[[L[UHGDMLDB

5?


43/112

Xrhdeg g {bdcgy kgabgr h primlkhyyb~l{uh{- dh ekheh eb >?- h {r{ubduhilmlehebhldeh dg byh rah xrb{ug$ Kgag g {bdcgyhkch xrb b{{b phdgyhah aregr b xrhm hybmhg el{{g kga h b~gmrg eh ubkdgmg`lh

hdhm`lkh phyh el`luhm7

G{ fg~bd{ { ebpbdeba eb ~gk ag{uyhy gkhaldcg- kbyug7( g xrb h `bdub hv hxrl dhB{kgmh$ Br hmg arlug phyh bmb{ eh b~gmrgypleh eh ubkdgmg`lh- xrb yrag h kldklh{kgag h pmh{adlkh gr h dhdgubkdgmg`lh- bbr ag{uyg xrb xrhdeg {hyba eh Nhkrmeheb-

ehxrl h kldkg- {bl{ gr {bub hdg{- bmb{ ~gbdkgduyhy ra ardeg elbybdub eb cgfb$H arehdh arlug ypleh$ B bmb{ ~g b{uhydra mr`hy ba xrb pybkl{hyg uby kgd{kldklhba ybmhg hg hailbdub ba xrb ~l~ba$ ureg xrb{ug eb h `bdub {bpybphyhy hg mgd`g eg ubapg-phyh ly bdybduhdeg g{pygimbah{ abeleh ba xrbbmb{ {ry`lyba$ B bmb{ b{ug{ry`ldeg$ bag{ xrb hvbyra hpyg~bluhabdug abmcgyeh bdby`lh$ Hxrl dh b{kgmh ~hag{ bd{ldhyhg{ hmrdg{ h khmkrmhy g kgd{rag eb bdby`lhba kh{h b ebpgl{- bmb{ ~g uby xrb hvby rapygfbug phyh kgyuhy b{{b kgd{rag- uygkhdegmapheh{- agelkhdeg cilug{$ Hu r{hdeg

hm`rah{ kgl{h{ hmubydhul~h{$ _gy bsbapmg-agduhy ra ulabyphyh xrhdeg bmb{ bduyhybaba kh{h- h mrv eh ~hyhdeh hph`hy {gvldch bbkgdgalvhy bdby`lh$

Xrhm h {rh gpldlg {giyb h gi{gmb{kdklhpyg`yhaheh- g{ pygerug{ xrb f {g blug{phyh eryhyba pgrkg7 B kgag g {bdcgy hkch

xrb {b e g elmg`g bduyb h{ ubkdgmg`lh{ xrbcgfb dg{ {g gbybkleh{ b h{ hdul`h{- xrbbyha ahl{ eryhegryh{7

Br hkcg xrb h kgd~l~dklh eb ubkdgmg`lh{hdul`h{ b dg~h{ hldeh ~mleh$ Xrhdeg brbd{ldg- `g{ug eb phyuly eh ubkdgmg`lh ~bmchb `yhehul~habdub ly kcb`hdeg ubkdgmg`lhdg~h$ B br hmg eb rah kgl{h arlug lapgy!

uhdub xrb bsl{ub cgfb- xrb h gi{gmb{kd!klh- dg { eh ubkdgmg`lh- ah{ eg pyg{!{lgdhm$ Hdul`habdub ra bd`bdcblyg {hh ehRdl~by{leheb b f uldch hpybdeleg uregg xrb bmb pybkl{h~h phyh uyhihmchy h ~lehldublyh$ Cgfb ba elh- g bd`bdcblyg {hl ehrdl~by{leheb b h kheh egl{ hdg{- bmb pbyeb2?" eh khphkleheb eb kgdkgyyby dg abykheg$

Bmb kh 2?" gi{gmbug$ H dbkb{{leheb eb~gk {b hurhmlvhy {bapyb$ L{{g hkgdubkb kga hubkdgmg`lh uhaia- ba ubyag{ eb r{g- kbyug7(^gk kh kga {br kbmrmhy ra hdg b bmb f b{urmuyhph{{heg$ G {br kgapruhegy- ba ra hdg

bmb f b{u rmuyhph{{heg$ [rhaxrldh gug`ykh- ba rahdg uba xrb kgapyhy gruyh$Bdug h ubdedklh eg ruryg arlug ldubyb{{hdub- bmh glbspmgyheh dra ml~yg eg Kyl{Hdeby{gd- xrb g Khreh

Mgd`h- b ra gruyg ml~yg- g Nybb- xrb G Abykheg eg @yul{$ H ubkdgmg`lh cgfbb~gmrl ug ypleg xrb g{ ibd{ eb kgd{rag b{ugubdebdeg hg pybg vbyg$ g kh{g eg kbmrmhy6ugeg hdg ~gk pgeb uygkhy g {br pgy ra dg~g-

r{hdeg g{ pgdug{- {ba ph`hy dheh$ L{{g h ~hlubdeby phyh ureg- pgyxrb ~g {bdeg kylhdeg{dg~g{ agebmg{ eb pygerug{- xrb h{ pb{{gh{~g h{{lalmhdeg b eblshdeg g{ gruyg{ eb mheg$Ah{ bsl{ub rah ubgylh- xrb h eg bdshab$G bdshab {b hmgd`h- bdug uba hxrbmb{ xrb~g dh ybdub b g{ xrb ~g huy{$ Xrhdeg arehh ubkdgmg`lh- g{ eh ybdub h~hdha ra pgrkg-

ah{ g{ eb uy{ kgduldrha dh ab{ah- xrbyelvby- {bapyb bsl{ub ra abykheg phyh ugeg{$Br b{ul~b dg Dgyeb{ub dg dhm eg hdg ph{!{heg b ab {rypybbdebr- pgy bsbapmg- g hug

gfb ba elh- g bd bdcblyghl eh rdlbyleheb b h hehegl hdg- bmb byeb 2?"eh hhleheb eb gdgyybydg abyheg

& BDYB^L[H DBPGD K$ IYH@H & 58


44/112

eb ~gk hdehy pgy hxrbmh{ kleheb{ eg ldubylgyb ~by ugeg ardeg kga hdubdh phyhimlkh- ah{dhxrbmb agebmg hdul`g- kbyug7( Bmb{ b{ug raph{{g huy{ eh `bdub- eh ^ pgy h{{ldhuryh$[b ~gk ~hl phyh g ldubylgy eb [g _hrmg-

~gk ~hl bdkgduyhy br xrbl {rypyb{g( baarluh{ hvbdeh{- g{ pbb{- h ahlgylh ebmb{- kgaubmb~l{g ~hm~rmheh- hxrbmh ubmb~l{g eh ubkdg!mg`lh eg{ hdg{ >? b 0?- b b{u m rdklgdhdeg$B ~gk bdkgduyh hldeh g ukdlkg uyhihmchd!eg dg kgd{byug eb{{h{ ^{$ H{ ubkdgmg`lh{hdul`h{ kgd~l~ba kga hdg{{h$ ^gk hldeh ~ h khy!

ygh hdehdeg dh ~lh pimlkh-hpb{hy eb ugeg ardeg ubykhyyg$ ^gk ~hl ~by g {rfblug-hldeh- xrb dg uba g ubmb!gdb kbmrmhy$ Dg {lapmb{abdub g hphybkl!abdug eb rah ubkdgmg`lh dg~h xrb ~hl eb{!khyuhy h hdubylgy$ B bsl{uba g{ kh{g{- { ~bvb{-ba xrb h hdubylgy hu abmcgy$ [b ~gk pb`h-pgy bsbapmg- h pypylh ubkdgmg`lh eh gug`yh!h: hu c pgrkg ubapg ch~lh g kgd~~lg ehgug`yhh ba phpbm kga h el`luhm- pgyxrb h{axrldh{ gug`ykh{ el`luhl{ dg b{uh~ha{rklbdubabdub h~hdheh{$ ^gk dg ubadrdkh g eb{khyub uguhm eh{ ubkdgmg`lh{ hdul`h{xrhdeg rah dg~h kylheh$

Br ~gr hmhy kldkg dgab{- b ub pby`rdug6 {b g{bdcgy preb{{b ~gmuhy dg ubapg b kgd~by{hykga hm`ra ebmb{- xrhm g {bdcgy b{kgmcbylh bpgy xrb7 Bld{ubld- {br shy Dbugd- b{mh-

Ugah{ Bel{gd b Ibdfhald Nyhdjmld$

Gmch- ugeg{ ebyha h {rh `yhdeb kgduylirlgphyh h Kldklh b br `g{uhylh- dg rdeg- ebkgd~by{hy kga ugeg{- ah{ uba ra dgab xrb~gk dg kgmgkgr- xrb g Mhdebmm eb Agryh-~gk{ f gr~lyha hmhy ebmb7 G pheyb Mhdebmm

eb Agryh- iyh{lmblyg- ld~bd!ugr g yelg hdub{ eg Bel{gd-

hdub{ eg Ahykgdl$ Hdub{eg Ahykgdl hdrdklhy hgardeg g {br yelg- g pheybMhdebmm eb Agryh uyhd{al!

ulh {ldhl{ b abd{h`bd{ eh h~bdleh _hrml{uh-hxrl eg Kgm`lg [g Mrlv- hu g [baldylgeb [hduhdh$ Bmb uldch ld~bdb{ ldky~bl{(G pygimbah xrb bmb dg gl ybkgdcbkleg-ah{ h`gyh b{ug kgabhdeg h yb{`huhy {rh{phubdub{ dg{ B{uheg{ Rdleg{ b bmb eb~b- baiyb~b- {by kgd{lebyheg g dg{{g phuygdg eh{bmbkgardlkhb{$ B ~gr kgduhy rah cl{uylharlug ldubyb{{hdub6 ubdcg ra hal`g xrbbduyb~l{ugr ra khyh xrb gl kgygldch dh{al{{h{ eg Mhdebmm eb Agryh$ Bmb kgduh

g lambabdub g

hhyblabdug eb rahubdgmg`lh dgh xrb hlebhyuhy h hdubylgy

Dba ldubld$$$ dba Dbugd$$$ dba bmh$$$

& BDYB^L[H DBPGD K$ IYH@H &5


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dba elgd$$$ dba Nyhdjmld6

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heyb layglhh-

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bdug bmb ahdeh~h ra {rfblug {rily kga rahkhlsldch b {


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hduh ba eg iyhlmblyg h hhleheb eb layglh!g bmh hmuh eb ybryg

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_hybkb b{uhy ch~bdeg ra yblhm ehbmbuydlkh hdhm`lkh- uhm~bv hu pbmg hug ebarluh{ pb{{gh{ f b{uhyba khd{heh{ eb uhduhhmuh ubkdgmg`lh$ G {bdcgy uba hkgaphdch!eg l{{g7

H bmbuydlkh hdhm`lkh drdkh b{ub~b gyh$

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Xrba bu dh ubdgmg`lhhl buhy ybhyheg hyh g

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)H alDCH pyb{bDH DlD`ra plyHublH)

& BDYB^L[H DBPGD K$ IYH@H &53


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Pcbd |gr ib`hd priml{cld` ah`hvldb{ ld ucb >?{-{r{uhldhilmlu| h{du hd l{{rb |bu$ Cg eg |gr ucldj ucl{{kbdhylg ch{ kchd`be hde chu l{ lu{ ybmhulgd luc ucbb~gmrulgd g hdhmg` ug el`luhm ubkcdgmg`|7

\grd` pbgpmb gdm| ebpbde gd |gr ug {cg ucb h|- yl`cu7(

Lu{ chu b eg cbyb ld ucl{ {kcggm$ L mbkuryb ucba gd ucbyhple b~gmrulgd g ubkcdgmg`|- clkc l{ ughye{ {klbdkb{{rkc h{ pmh{agdlk{- dhdgubkcdgmg`|- hde L {cg uchu cbducb| mbh~b Kgmmb`b- ~b- {ls gy {b~bd |bhy{ yga dg- ucb|lmm de h elnbybdu gyme ucbd ucl{ g ugeh|$ Ub kchd`bl{ ~by| h{u$ Hde ucb| lmm ib ld h pmhkb cbyb ucb| lmmdbbe ug ib kgd{klgr{ higru ucb bd~lygdabdu ld clkc ucb|ml~b$ Lu{ hmm h ahuuby g r{ pybphyld` gry{bm~b{ g~by ulab-ug `g hkld` pygimba{ h{ ucb| hyl{b$ Hde ucb| hyb hyl{ld`$Pb ch~b ug ahjb h ibuuby r{b g bdby`|$ Cbyb hu {kcggmb ubhkc {urebdu{ ug khmkrmhub ucb bdby`| kgd{rapulgd

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Dbugd eb Khy~hmcg Iyh`h l{ ucb ybhub{u ah{ubyalde ld Bmbkuygdlk{ yga Iyhvlm hde kbyuhldm| gdb g ucb ybhub{u{ ld ucbgyme$ cl{ >> |bhy{ gme ahd yga [hg _hrmg- cg y{u ibkhab ld~gm~be luc ucl{ rdl~by{b cbd cb h{ 8;- che elybkubeah`hvldb{ {rkc h{ Bmbuydlkh guhm hde Bspbyldklh{ b Iyldkheblyh{ kga Bmbuydlkh- ch~ld` priml{cbe 5? iggj{-ag{u g ucba hiyghe- ld kgrduylb{ {rkc h{ ucb Rdlube [uhub{- ryjb| hde Kcldh$ Cb kggyeldhub{ ucb Ld{ulurub uchu ibhy{cl{ dhab hde jbbp{ ucb al`cu| bi{lub $dbugdkiyh`h$kga$iy$ Cb ubhkcb{ bkcdgmg`|- Bmbkuygdlk{- Abkchuygdlk{hde bmbkgaardlkhulgd{- kgduldrld` ug pygerkb ubsu{- bspbylabdu{ hde pygfbku{$

Eb{plub hmm ucl{- ld ucb lduby~lb cb `h~b ug Nybe _hrmldg hde Mrkh{ Ahyh gy Nhkuh- Dbugd {h|{ cb{ ybulybe$ Hu ucb

{hab ulab- cb kgaabdu{ cb ch{ g~by 2-??? hyulkmb{ ybhe| gy ibld` pygkb{{be g~by ucb dbsu b |bhy{ ug ib pg{ube gdcl{ bi{lub$ Lu l{ luc bsklubabdu uchu cb {pbhj{ g ubhkcld` bmbkuygdlk{ hde ucb ldubyb{u g ucb |grd` `bdbyhulgd ug ucl{hybh- hde hm{g g dhab{ g ybbybdkb{ gy cl{ gd uyhldld`$ Kcbkj gru cg ucb kgd~by{hulgd bdu hu Ahuby Hahilml{ Cl`c[kcggm ld @rhyrmcg{- cbyb ucb ah{uby ubhkcb{$

g ubkcdgmg`|- iru hm{g ucb pygb{{lgdhm'{$ Ihkj ucbd- hdbd`ldbby r{be ug mbh~b ucb Rdl~by{lu| luc hmm dbkb{{hy|jdgmbe`b gy cl{ bdulyb mlb gyj$ geh|- hd bd`ldbbymbh~b{ ucb rdl~by{lu| hde mg{b{ 2?" g cl{cby khphklu| ugkgapbub ld ucb ahyjbu ld b~by| ug |bhy{$ Cb[cb ibkgab{2?" gi{gmbub$ Ubyb l{ ucb dbkb{{lu| gy h kgd{uhdu rpehub$

Ul{ hm{g chppbd{ luc ubkcdgmg`|- ld ubya{ g r{b- yl`cu7(\gr {uh| luc |gry kbmm pcgdb gy h |bhy hde lu l{ hmybhe|gruehube$ \gry kgapruby l{ hmybhe| gruehube ld h |bhy$\gry khabyh- ld h |bhy |gr ch~b ug ir| hdgucby$ [g ucbuybde g ucb ruryb l{ ~by| ldubyb{uld`- lu h{ bspmgybe ld higgj i| Kcyl{ Hdeby{gd- clkc l{ Ub Mgd` hlm- hdeld hdgucby iggj- clkc l{ Nybb6 Ub Nruryb g h Yhelkhm_ylkb$ Pchu l{ chppbdld`7 bkcdgmg`| ugeh| b~gm~b{ {gh{u uchu kgd{raby `gge{ pylkb{ hyb ubdeld` ug vbyg$ Ul{ l{ucb kh{b g kbmm pcgdb{6 b~by| |bhy |gr khd {hp |gry{ gy hdb gdb- r{ld` egu{- lucgru ph|ld` hd|ucld`$ Ul{ l{ ucb

ubdebdk| gy b~by|ucld` ibkhr{b db agebm{ g pygerku{hyb ibld` kybhube hde pbgpmb hyb h{{lalmhuld` ucb{b hdembh~ld` ucb gmeby gdb{ h{leb$ Iru ucbyb l{ h ucbgy| uchu l{g ucb {hya$ Ub {hya {uybukcb{- {g ucbyb hyb ucg{b cg`g hcbhe hde ucg{b cg `g huby ucba$ Pcbd ubkcdgmg`|kchd`b{- ucb gdb{ ld ygdu he~hdkb h ilu- iru ucb gdb{ lducb ihkj ybahld{ ld ucb {hab pmhkb- {g ucbyb l{ hmh|{ hahyjbu gy b~by|gdb$ L~b ibbd ld ucb dgyucbh{u g Iyhvlmhu ucb bde g mh{u |bhy hde L h{ {rypyl{be- gy bshapmb-i| ucb hku uchu |gr hmj ucygr`c ucg{b {ahmm ugd{ lducb kgrduy|{leb hde |gr {bb ahd| pbgpmb luc h {hubmmlub

el{c- iru ucb gme agebm- yl`cu7( Ub| hyb h {ubp ibclde r{-cg ch~b khimb $ L |gr `g ug ucb kgrduy|{leb g [hg_hrmg- |gr lmm de L h{ {rypyl{be( gd ahd| hya{ ucbpbh{hdu{- ag{u g ucba- luc hu ~hm~be - uchu ubmb~l{lgdubkcdgmg`| g ucb >?{ hde 0?{- hde lu l{ ucbyb gyjld`$

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Hde |gr {ulmm de ucb ubkcdlklhd gyjld` gd sld` ucb{b^{$ Ub gme ubkcdgmg`lb{ kgbsl{u luc gry{$ \gr {ulmm {bbucb h`gd yleld` gd primlk yghe{- eb{plub b~by|gdb ch~ld`h khy$ \gr lmm {bb pbgpmb cg {ulmm egb{du ch~b h kbmmpcgdb$ Lu l{ dgu {lapm| ucb yl{ld` g h db ubkcdgmg`| uchulmm el{khye ucb pyb~lgr{ gdb$ Hde ucbyb hyb kh{b{- hu ulab{-cbd ucb gyaby l{ b~bd ibuuby$ L |gr uhjb- gy bshapmb-

ucb ubkcdgmg`| g pcgug`yhpc| lu{bm- rdulm ybkbdum| ucbybbyb pcgug`yhpc| gd phpby kg!bsl{uld` luc ucb el`luhm-ibkhr{b el`luhm khabyh{ byb dgu {rklbdum| he~hdkbe$\gr db~by ch~b ucb el{khye g hmm gme ubkcdgmg`| cbd hdb gdb l{ kybhube$ Ub {hya {uybukcb{- ucbd |gr ch~bucg{b cg `g hcbhe hde ucb gdb{ cg `g ibclde$

Lmm ubmm |gr ~b dhab{ hde h{j6 l |gr kgrme `g ihkjld ulab hde uhmj ug gdb g ucba clkc gdb grme |grkcgg{b hde c|7 Bld{ubld- |gry dhab{hjb Dbugd-

b{mh- Ugah{ Bel{gd hde Ibdfhald Nyhdj mld$

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dg b hyb ib`lddld` ug ybkg~by cl{ phubdu{ ld ucb Rdlube[uhub{ hde cb {cgrme {ggd ib kgd{lebybe ucb phuygd g grybmbkgaardlkhulgd{$ Hde L lmm ubmm |gr h ~by| ldubyb{uld`{ugy|6 L ch~b h ylbde cg lduby~lbbe h `r| cg h{ hdhmuhy ig| hu Mhdebmm eb Agryh ah{{b{$ Cb ubmm{ r{ ucb pylb{ulapyg~l{be- uchu cb aheb {gab hduh{ulk ahjb{clu{- uchucb agrdube yhelg uyhd{aluuby{ bxrlpabdu{$ Cb b~bd {bu rph ^ uyhd{aluuld` bxrlpabdu hu ucb ulab uchu Bel{gd chedgu ld~bdube ucb yhelg$ Ub| {bu cl{ mhi gd yb ibkhr{b ucb|{hle cb che phyu luc ucb eb~lm #mhr`c{,$ Iru cb h{ hm{g h~by| {uygd` pby{gdhmlu|$ Ul{ Mhdebmm eb Agryh- ucb| {h|

cb bdubybe ucb ah{{ luc h {ahmm igs$ Cb pru ucb igs gdugp g ucb hmuhy hde ib`hd ucb {byagd$ Ubd- {reebdm|- cbgrme {ugp cl{ {byagd hde `g ug ucb igs hde {pbhj$ Pbmm- luuryd{ gru lu h{ ucbyb ld ucb bhym| ubdulbuc kbdury|- cbducbyb byb dgucld` g ubkcdgmg`| |bu$ Dgige| che ucbkgryh`b ug h{j chu h{ ld uchu igs$ Pcbd cb elbe- ucb|grde gru6 cb che ld~bdube ucb ybkgyeby ibgyb Bel{gd(Cb ybkgyebe cl{ {byagd{$ Ul{ ibgyb Bel{gd ld~bdubeucb ybkgyeby hde ibgyb Ahykgdl ld~bdube ucb yhelg$ [g cbh{ ybhmm| ygd`be$ Dg byb yb{krld` cl{ lah`b$ Ubybl{ cbyb ld [g Ibydhyeg eg Khapg h ar{bra Mhdebmm eb

Agryh$ L l{c L che che ucb gppgyurdlu| ug uhmj ug cla- cbar{u ch~b ibbd h hduh{ulk pby{gd(

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ib h{{baimbe hde aheb h~hlmhimb7

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luc ucb dhab{ g gucby pbgpmb cg ch~b kgduylirube ugubkcdgmg`| ld Iyhvlm- {rkc h{ _ygb{{gy Vrng g ucb B{kgmh_gmlukdlkh- Bub~hmeg [lxrblyh- cga |gr {cgrme jdgyga ucb B{uheg eb [hg _hrmg db{phpby gy cl{ yluld`{higru ubkcdgmg`|- hde gry h{uygdhru Ahykg{ _gdub{$L pmhd ug ahjb a| kgmmbkulgd g iggj{ hde hm{g ahd| gucb pygfbku{ L~b egdb ld a| mlb h~hlmhimb ug ucb primlk hdeuchu hyb {ulmm h{{baimbe hde gyjld`$ Lu l{ a| ldubdulgd ugmbh~b uchu gy ruryb `bdbyhulgd{$ L ucldj lu{ gyuc lu- hubyhmm- ucygr`cgru a| khybby L~b {gme gry almmlgd iggj{- {g hmgu g pbgpmb hyb ld bmbkuygdlk{ ld{plybe i| ab- L jdg uchu$

L de ucba b~by|cbyb hde ucl{ l{ h {hul{hkulgd gy ab$L {ulmm grme mljb ug lduygerkb ahd| pbgpmb ug ucl{ hduh{ulkgyme g ubkcdgmg`|$ B~bd cbd b h{{baimb h {lapmb`he`bu- r{ld` gruehube ubkcdgmg`|- luc h |grd` `r| g 9gy ; |bhy{ gme- hde cb {bb{ uchu gyjld`- ucl{ l{ ucb {uhyu gucb phuc hde L hdu ug {cg lu ug ahd| {ulmm$

Pchu l{ ucb bmbkuygdlk pygfbku gy mlb pygfbku uchu |grkgd{leby ug ib ucb ag{u {rkkb{{rm hde- gd ucb gucbychde- chu l{ ucb ag{u rd{rkkb{{rm7

Mggj- L egdu jdg l L ch~b hd rd{rkkb{{rm gdb ibkhr{b{gabulab{ ucg{b cg agrdu egb{ dgu ubmm #uchu lu bduygd`,$ Iru L ch~b {gab pygfbku{ uchu khr{be h ~by| il`{rypyl{b gd ab$ Hagd` {rkkb{{rm pygfbku{- L ch~b gdb uchugdkb L h{ ucbyb hu ucb priml{cby hde ybkbl~be h khmm ygah Iyhvlmlhd bd`ldbby gyjld` hu DH[H$ Cb {hle mggj-Dbugd- La pmbh{be ug ybpgyu uchu b ahdh`be ug {gm~bucb pygimba g hd Habylkhd {hubmmlub r{ld` gdb g |gryklykrlu{$ Hde dg |gr khd {h| |gr ch~b h klykrlu ld {phkb$Uhu l{ h `ybhu {hul{hkulgd( Hdgucby gdb b {gm~be ! lu{rdd| ucb eb{l`d{ pbgpmb ahjb ih{be gd mluumb pygfbku{

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{uhyube uldjbyld` luc bmbkuygdlk{- L mljbe lu- L mbhydbe luhde ugeh| L ch~b h gyj{cgp hde L ha {rkkb{{rm$ Cbuchdjbe ab gy {h~ld` cl{ mlb( [g |gr {bb- clkc {cg uchuucb gyj b eg l{ dgu gdm| ubkcdlkhm$ Lu l{ hm{g ~by| crahd-hde {gabulab{ b ch~b ucl{ {hul{hkulgd$

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ld{plybe ab h mgu ! Cr`g @byd{ihkj$ Cb h{ ucb grdebyg Yhelg Bmbkuygdlk{ ah`hvldb ld ucb Rdlube [uhub{$ Cbh{ hduh{ulk hde cb h{ ucb gdb cg el{kg~bybe H{lag~$L{hhk H{lag~ ib`hd yluld` luc cla$ Hde cb che ucl{chilu g yluld`- gd b~by| Hpylm {u - hd hyulkmb gd hahvld`pygfbku{ g hahvld` ucld`{- mljb- gy bshapmb- hd hapmlbycg{b dgl{b mb~bm h{ vbyg( Ubd |gr grme bshaldb ucbklykrlu- ucb {l`dhm khab hde bdu i| h ucybhe( L abhd-dg hapmlkhulgd h{ bmm yl`cu7( #mhr`c{, Ubyb h{ dgdgl{b iru hm{g dg hapmlkhulgd$ Hde cb ele ucb{b ubyylimbucld`{$ Cr`g pybelkube `ybhu ucld`{ gy ucb ruryb ld cl{

ulab- ucld`{ uchu hyb chppbdld` ld ubkcdgmg`| ugeh|$ Cbh{ h ylbde g lapgyuhdu pby{gdhmlulb{ {rkc h{ Mbb EbNgyb{u- cg- uchdj{ ug Cr`g- gd ucb Dgibm _ylvb gy ucbld~bdulgd g ucb ~hm~b$

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ld~gm~b{ egld` h ahjb{clu$Eg |gr ucldj uchu Iyhvlm hde gucby uclye gymekgrduylb{- gy hmybhe| ch~ld` ucb chilu g ebhmld` luclapyg~l{hulgd ! gubd erb ug mhkj g yb{grykb{ ! grme ib

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Facta - Revista de Gambiologia #1