FACTORS AFFECTING A PILOT

OF1 Iva Janečková

24th Transport Airbase Prague-Kbely

FACTORS AFFECTING PILOT

1. 1. Health eligibility(JAR-FCL 3)

2. 2. Limitations of pilots' performance1.

2. 3. Human errors

Resources

Questions

1. HEALTH ELIGIBILITYGeneral requirements:

O Somatic conditionO Mental conditionO Visual abilityO Acoustic ability

O Pilot shouldn't suffer with disease that couldslow him down or cause sudden inabilityto perform tasks for the flight

1.1 HEALTH ELIGIBILITY CLASSES

O First class: - Commercial aircraft, airships, helicopters and powered-lift aircraft pilot

-Transport aircraft, helicopters and powered-lift aircraft pilot

- Pilot license in a multi-crew aircraftO Second class: - Aerial navigator

- Flight engineer

- A private pilot in airplanes, airships, helicopters and powered-lift aircraft

- Glider pilot

- Free balloon pilotO Third class: - Air traffic controllers

1.2 VALIDITY & RENEWAL of CERTIFICATES

O Validity:• First class: 12 months since the date of

issue up to 60 years• Second class: 5, 2 & 1 year, depends on

the age of applicant (40, 50, 60)• Third class: 2 & 1 year, depends on the

age of applicant (to 40 and to 60)

2. LIMITATIONS OF PILOTS‘ PERFORMANCE

O Limitating factors – changes in temperature and pressure of varying altitudes, +/- G-force, solar radiation, vibration, noise from engines, etc.

O Preventing failure during the flight pilot should know all the symptoms of the diseases and conditions that can appear at the moment.

2.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS2.1.1 HYPOXIAO Generally, it is a lack of oxygen in tissues. It can lead

to complete loss of consciousness.

ALT: 18 000 ft 20 000 ft 25 000 ft 30 000 ft 35 000 ft 40 000 ft

LTUC: 30-40 min 5-10 min 3-5 min 45-90 sec 30-45 sec 15-25

sec

2.1.2 HYPERVENTILATIONO Caused by state of mind (stress situation,

the feeling of fear, anxiety or nausea)O May lead to loss of consciousness

2.1.3 CHANGES IN AIR PRESSURE• Ear cavity – Middle ear barotrauma can lead to rupture of

the eardrum• Paranasal sinuses – In case of having a cold there could

be a headache• Digestive tract – Can cause pain with a feeling of bloating

2.1.4 UV RADIATION & OZONE• UV radiation is absorbed by special glass in the windows• Ozone layer is poisinous and toxic

2.1.5 G-FORCE• Change in direction of the flight cause change in direction

of the acceleration of gravity exerted on our body• G-LOC

2.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL & PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS2.2.1 FATIGUEO decreases attention, perception and resistance to

hypoxia or decompression sickness

2.2.2 STRESSO Functional status of a living organism, where the

organism is exposed to extreme conditions (stressors), and its subsequent defense reactions which aim at maintaining homeostasis and to prevent damage or death of the organism

2.2.3 HIJACKO Illegal violation of the planned flight

3. HUMAN ERRORS3.1 INEXPERIENCE & RISK-TAKING

O Inadequate control of avionics & devices,O Diversion pilot and subsequent erroneous piloting,O Poorly executed tasks during flight phases,O Overconfidence in modern systems,O Lack of preparation before the flight,O Insufficient attention when communicating with ATC

or another aircraft

3.2 WRONG DECISION

3.3 INATTENTION

3.4 CAPTAIN AUTHORITYO Captain should be enough experienced and dismantle

authority barrier and listen to the point of view of co-pilot

3.5 MCC & CRM TRAININGO In emergency situation each pilot performs his tasks

separately

3.6 COMMUNICATIONO Disobeying, misunderstanding, possibly interchanging

commands

RESOURCES:

O JAR-FCL 3O L1, L17O BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

O FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING O INSTITUTE OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

O HUMAN FACTOR IN THE AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION