Factors relating to the

production of radiograph

1- Factors relating to the Radiation beam

2- Factors relating to the Object

3- Factors relating to the x –ray Film

Factors relating to the radiation beam

Exposure time

mill amperage

milliamperage

kilovoltage

Tube film distance

Tube film distance

Tube film distance

Tube film distance

Object film distance

colllimator

colllimator

Filter and density ,contrast

Dental x ray efficiency

Factors relating to he object

1-thickness

2-density

Factors relating to the film

1-reduction of secondary radiation

2-film storage

3-intensifing screen

4-film processing