Fall ProtectionFall ProtectionFall Protection Fall Protection Compliance OptionsCompliance Options

J. Nigel Ellis J. Nigel Ellis Ph.D., CSP, P.E., CPEPh.D., CSP, P.E., CPE

p pp p

www.FallSafety.comwww.FallSafety.com1.800.372.77751.800.372.7775

National Safety Council

San Diego Oct 5th 2010

What we will talk about:What we will talk about:Compliance means: “Compliance means: “show of hands”show of hands”Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets General Industry OSHA?Meets General Industry OSHA?Meets OSHA Construction?Meets OSHA Construction?Meets Meets CalOSHACalOSHA requirements?requirements?qqMeets ANSI Z359 or A10.32 Meets ANSI Z359 or A10.32 stdsstds??Meets EN or AS or your country Meets EN or AS or your country stdsstds??Meets EN or AS or your country Meets EN or AS or your country stdsstds??

All require preplanning and preparation after having identified site fall hazards

What’s What’s NewNew in Fall Protectionin Fall ProtectionFederal OSHAFederal OSHA

General Industry 5 24 10 PGeneral Industry 5 24 10 PGeneral Industry 5 24 10 PGeneral Industry 5 24 10 P

C & D i k i C & D i k i C t ’C t ’ 8 9 10 R8 9 10 RCranes & Derricks in Cranes & Derricks in Constr’nConstr’n 8 9 10 R8 9 10 R

P = Proposed RuleR = Final Rule

ANSI Z359 Fall Protection CodeANSI Z359 Fall Protection CodeANSI Z359 Fall Protection CodeANSI Z359 Fall Protection Code

First Z359 1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)First Z359 1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)First Z359.1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)First Z359.1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)Then Z359.2 Managed Fall ProtectionThen Z359.2 Managed Fall Protection

Z359 3 Z359 3 P ’P ’ & T l R t i t& T l R t i tZ359.3 Z359.3 Pos’gPos’g & Travel Restraint& Travel RestraintZ359.4 Rescue SystemsZ359.4 Rescue Systems

New New Z359.6Z359.6 Design Req. for Active FPSDesign Req. for Active FPSZ359 12Z359 12 Connecting ComponentsConnecting ComponentsZ359.12Z359.12 Connecting ComponentsConnecting ComponentsZ359.13Z359.13 Lanyards and Energy AbsLanyards and Energy Abs

M t th h Z359 18 M t th h Z359 18 More to come through Z359.18 More to come through Z359.18

Z359.0 Definitions is free

Current FederalCurrent FederalCurrent FederalCurrent Federal

1910 23 Guardrails 1910 23 Guardrails No PFASNo PFAS 1971 19711910.23 Guardrails, 1910.23 Guardrails, No PFASNo PFAS, 1971, 19711910.27 Fixed Ladders1910.27 Fixed Ladders1910 66 E t i Bld M i t 1910 66 E t i Bld M i t 1910.66 Exterior Bldg Maintenance 1910.66 Exterior Bldg Maintenance Appendix C PFAS exception 1989Appendix C PFAS exception 1989

Current ANSI/CSACurrent ANSI/CSAZ359 General Industry 2007 Z359 General Industry 2007 A10.32 Constr’n to adopt Z359 tests ‘11I 14 1 Window Cleaning I-14.1 Window Cleaning

New OSHA Proposed General New OSHA Proposed General Industry Rules, Subpart D & IIndustry Rules, Subpart D & I

1910 211910 21-- 30 & 140 Guardrails and PFAS 30 & 140 Guardrails and PFAS 1910.211910.21 .30 & .140 Guardrails and PFAS .30 & .140 Guardrails and PFAS including fixed ladder climbingincluding fixed ladder climbing•• Requires Body Harness for Fall ArrestRequires Body Harness for Fall Arrest•• Requires Body Harness for Fall ArrestRequires Body Harness for Fall Arrest•• Rope Descent Systems < 300 ft??Rope Descent Systems < 300 ft??

P l bl C t ti R l P l bl C t ti R l Proposal resembles Construction Rules Proposal resembles Construction Rules 1926.500/5031926.500/503Training Training understandableunderstandable to to eacheach workerworkerRetrainingRetraining for understanding & skillfor understanding & skillgg gg

Update of 4 10 1990 Comments Closed 5 23 2010

Portable Ladder ConsiderationsPortable Ladder ConsiderationsPortable Ladder ConsiderationsPortable Ladder Considerations

3 ft minimum extension* 3 ft minimum extension* 3 ft minimum extension …………3 ft minimum extension …………5 ft may tip5 ft may tipSl i iti l 76 dSl i iti l 76 dSlope is critical 76 deg.Slope is critical 76 deg.70 deg slope will slip70 deg slope will slip80 deg slope fall back80 deg slope fall backInspect ladder shoes!!Inspect ladder shoes!!

Tip

Inspect ladder shoes!!Inspect ladder shoes!!

*Proposed p1910.23(c)(11)

Slide

Portable LaddersPortable LaddersWorkers do not voluntarily do 3 ft Workers do not voluntarily do 3 ft Workers do not voluntarily do 3 ft Workers do not voluntarily do 3 ft extension ………..extension ………..Try new systemTry new system**Try new systemTry new system**Gain 3 ft of ladder lengthGain 3 ft of ladder length

*Horizontal bars shown to be Horizontal bars shown to be critical to prevent sliding and falling (UMich report 10 09)Courtesy AES Raptor

OSHA does not prohibit two OSHA does not prohibit two protective devicesprotective devices

Hole ProtectionHole ProtectionHole ProtectionHole ProtectionCover and a net may be a good Cover and a net may be a good investment:investment:investment:investment:

Protect walking/working surfacesProtect walking/working surfacesProtect HVAC installerProtect HVAC installer

Proposed 1910.23(b)(3)1910.29(c)

Hole Cover and Net

What to do?What to do?Comply with Proposed OSHA Std?Comply with Proposed OSHA Std?

ANSI Z359? Do both?ANSI Z359? Do both?ANSI Z359? Do both?ANSI Z359? Do both?Yes both! Proposed OSHA is de Yes both! Proposed OSHA is de minimisminimisppZ359 Surveys, PreZ359 Surveys, Pre--planning, Trainingplanning, TrainingScaffolds: follow 1926 450Scaffolds: follow 1926 450-- 454454Scaffolds: follow 1926.450Scaffolds: follow 1926.450--.454.454Cranes follow: 1926.1440Cranes follow: 1926.1440--.1444 (new).1444 (new)Hoists: follow ANSI A10.5Hoists: follow ANSI A10.5--.5; A92.9.5; A92.9Truck flatbeds: adopt temporary & Truck flatbeds: adopt temporary & p p yp p ypermanent installation permanent installation egeg Boom anchor Boom anchor or HLL; elevated portable anchorsor HLL; elevated portable anchors

ScaffoldsScaffoldsd b ff fd b ff fHeadroom must be sufficient for Headroom must be sufficient for

standing 84” min. (JNE)standing 84” min. (JNE)If only 58”, access to ladder becomes If only 58”, access to ladder becomes near impossible (unsafe)near impossible (unsafe)

Proposed 1910.28(b)(12) ref. 1926 451( )(9)

Offshore 1926.451(e)(9) Safe Access

Offshore Fall Hazard corrected

Skylight dangersSkylight dangers

70 million unit skylights: 70 million unit skylights: Do You Have?Do You Have?70 million unit skylights: 70 million unit skylights: Do You Have?Do You Have?Commercial mostly acrylic domesCommercial mostly acrylic domesAl fib l l i t l Al fib l l i t l bldbldAlso fiberglass panels in metal Also fiberglass panels in metal bldgsbldgsSunlight degradation certainSunlight degradation certain

What Solution would you choose:1. Curbs >42”2. Guardrails >42”3. Fall Arrest – anchors?4. Cover them with nets, boards5 Tested with 312 lbs/3 5. Tested with 312 lbs/3

ft/Conical Sandbag 5.5”/18”6. Stay away from skylights

America’s SolutionAmerica’s Solution afterafter fall throughfall throughAmerica s Solution America s Solution afterafter fall throughfall through

Arched screens

Skylights possible Fall Skylights possible Fall Arrest/RestraintArrest/Restraint

Fall Restraint

Fall ArrestFall Arrest

Warning! HVAC or Skylight base anchor must be inspected

OSHA GI Alone October 2010OSHA GI Alone October 2010Does not Work Does not Work –– examples:examples:

200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?No swing gate on a supported scaffold?No swing gate on a supported scaffold?N i t f hN i t f hNo requirement for harnessesNo requirement for harnessesNo Fall Protection exc. Guardrails/CoversNo Fall Protection exc. Guardrails/Covers

Big Gaps in OSHA 1910

Truck net feasibilityTruck net feasibilityTruck net feasibilityTruck net feasibility

FMCSA regs are for the truck not the trailerFall clearance diagram required, specification by Qualified Person

Should you follow new Should you follow new Standards?Standards?

Yes: There are good reasons for updatesYes: There are good reasons for updatesYes: There are good reasons for updatesYes: There are good reasons for updatesChanges are fought over vigorouslyChanges are fought over vigorouslyP l ibilit d i ?P l ibilit d i ?Personal responsibility over design?Personal responsibility over design?•• Always be contention over user should knowAlways be contention over user should know

Design eventually prevails after deathsDesign eventually prevails after deaths

Liability issues more at Liability issues – more at Question time – ask me!

SnaphookSnaphook Gate Strengths dilemmaGate Strengths dilemmaSnaphookSnaphook Gate Strengths dilemmaGate Strengths dilemma

A10 32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsA10 32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsA10.32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsA10.32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsMost equipment still sold has 220/350Most equipment still sold has 220/350W k t i ll YW k t i ll Y l d ith l d ith Weak gates especially on YWeak gates especially on Y--lanyards with lanyards with distort & flydistort & fly--by nose or stick openby nose or stick openAngle Iron forces nose openAngle Iron forces nose open

Pics – 220 lbs and 3600 lbs gate

What’s What’s New in New in SnaphooksSnaphooks??

Z359.0 through Z359.4Z359.0 through Z359.4 all new all new t f Z359 1 (R i d t f Z359 1 (R i d except for Z359.1 (Revised except for Z359.1 (Revised

SnaphookSnaphook gates 3600 lbs v. gates 3600 lbs v. the the old old 220/350lbs220/350lbs))Z359 2Z359 2 M d M d Z359.2Z359.2 Managed Managed Fall Protection ProgramFall Protection Program: : •• fall protection planningfall protection planning•• minimum training minimum training

3600 lbs Gate

•• minimum training minimum training

Ellis Recommendation 10/05/10:Ellis Recommendation 10/05/10:OS “ ld” 0 32 “ ld”OS “ ld” 0 32 “ ld” ’ b’ bOSHA “old”, A10.32 “old”: OSHA “old”, A10.32 “old”: Don’t buyDon’t buyPresently use only Z359Presently use only Z359--2007 2007 compliant compliant snaphookssnaphooks

>5000 lbs

SnaphookSnaphook GateGate GateGate DistortionDistortionSnaphookSnaphook Gate Gate GateGate DistortionDistortion

220 lbs v. 3600 lbs Gate Strength

The case of Boilermaker lanyard The case of Boilermaker lanyard with 220 lbs with 220 lbs snaphooksnaphook gatesgatesOSHA said: employer did not train to OSHA said: employer did not train to OSHA said: employer did not train to OSHA said: employer did not train to anchor properly based on fall systemanchor properly based on fall system

Analysis said Analysis said –– worker climbed out of worker climbed out of i l lift d l d d i l lift d l d d aerial lift and lanyard was never used aerial lift and lanyard was never used

(no wear marks or stitches broken)(no wear marks or stitches broken)

If overhead anchor points installed If overhead anchor points installed ppearlier from aerial lift, no incident earlier from aerial lift, no incident would have occurredwould have occurred

pics

Tower Climber 40 ft fallTower Climber 40 ft fallTower Climber 40 ft fallTower Climber 40 ft fall

OSHA citation said Failure to trainOSHA citation said Failure to trainOSHA citation said Failure to trainOSHA citation said Failure to trainAnalysis showed large Analysis showed large snaphooksnaphook gate gate pushed past nose pushed past nose pushed past nose pushed past nose If 3600 lbs gate used on If 3600 lbs gate used on snaphookssnaphooks

Z359 1 Z359 1 2007 th i id t lik l 2007 th i id t lik l per Z359.1per Z359.1-- 2007 then incident likely 2007 then incident likely would not have occurredwould not have occurred

Anchor Point TechnologyAnchor Point TechnologyAnchor Point TechnologyAnchor Point Technology

Inventory of temp and permanent Inventory of temp and permanent Inventory of temp. and permanent Inventory of temp. and permanent anchorsanchorsInspection programInspection programInspection programInspection programRescue Plan anchorsRescue Plan anchorsFall Protection Plan for using anchor Fall Protection Plan for using anchor points and number of persons points and number of persons attachedattached

Compliance byCompliance by PrePlanningPrePlanningCompliance by Compliance by PrePlanningPrePlanningNo preplan means leaving to the No preplan means leaving to the p p gp p gworkerworkerWorker choices: follow company Worker choices: follow company Worker choices: follow company Worker choices: follow company guidelines; ignore company guidelines; ignore company guidelines or do makeshift guidelinesguidelines or do makeshift guidelinesguidelines or do makeshift guidelinesguidelines or do makeshift guidelinesShould worker do his own Should worker do his own inspection? No: except cursory inspection? No: except cursory inspection? No: except cursory inspection? No: except cursory egeg almost cut/burned through; almost cut/burned through; competent person needs to competent person needs to competent person needs to competent person needs to document the formal inspectiondocument the formal inspection

Where and what are the Hazards? :Where and what are the Hazards? :Where and what are the Hazards? :Where and what are the Hazards? :Do Survey per Z359Do Survey per Z359Do Survey per Z359Do Survey per Z359Use grid method: Hazard v. SolutionUse grid method: Hazard v. Solution

Ref: Dave MacCollum’s book: 2007 McGraw Hill(C i ) S f (Construction) Safety Engineering Principles

RecognizedRecognized EliminateEliminate GuardGuard Safety Safety F tF t

RedundancyRedundancy ReliaReliabilitybility

A Tool to recognize ALL Worksite Hazards

Hazard /Hazard /SolutionsSolutions

FactorFactor bilitybility

ListListHazardHazard

SafetSafetyySolSol’’nn

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySol’nSol’n

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

AdminAdmin

NaturalNaturalHuman Human FactorsFactors

Structural/Structural/MechanicalMechanicalElectricalElectrical

ChemicalChemical

RadiantEnergRadiantEnergyyFireFire

BiologicalBiological

ArtificialArtificialIntelligenceIntelligence

RecognizedRecognizedHazard /Hazard /

EliminateEliminate GuardGuard Safety FactorSafety Factor RedundancyRedundancy ReliabReliabilityility

Use Tool to recognize Skylight Fall Hazards

SolutionsSolutions ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySol’nSol’n

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

AdminAdmin

GravityGravity FallFall Remove Remove sky lightsky light

FallFall Screen Screen or curb or curb at 42”at 42”

FallFall Strong Strong skylightskylight

FallFall Guardrail Guardrail & cover& cover

Planning Planning & & surveyssurveysat 42at 42 surveyssurveys

Structural/Structural/MechanicalMechanical**

CollapseCollapse CoverCover collapsecollapse Burglar Burglar barsbars

collapsecollapse Test for Test for 97%ile97%ile

Fall Fall ThroughThrough

Screen & Screen & barsbars

Inspect Inspect Strength Strength reportreport

RadiantRadiantEnergyEnergy

UV UV Degrad’nDegrad’nFirefighterFirefighterAccessAccess

Screen Screen 20 yrs or20 yrs orLess Less than 12” than 12” gapgap

CrazingCrazingat screw at screw holesholes

ScreenScreenAndAndReplaceReplace

leaksleaks Test for Test for 20 yrs,20 yrs,ReplaceReplace

ExposueExposueto to replacereplace

Use Use changechange--out toolout tool

Test Test Miami Miami Dade 5 Dade 5 yrsyrs

*Attractive*Attractivenuisancenuisance

Sit onSit on screenscreen Bounce* Bounce* BungeeBungee

Guard Guard railrail

Stand Stand onon

screenscreen Two Two personperson

screenscreen Add Add warningswarnings

*Burglar*Burglar entryentry Burglar Burglar accessaccess

Secure Secure access &access &

Fill Fill openingopening

Add Add grillgrill

Screws Screws removeremove

Larger Larger w/toolw/tool

Two Two hazardhazard

Screen & Screen & barsbars

EvaluatEvaluatburglarburglar

grillgrill ss methodmethod

*Maintain*Maintainskylight/screenskylight/screen

Replace Replace skylightskylight

Use Use change change outout

No barrierNo barrier Use Use DBInet DBInet frameframe

Weak Weak structurstructuree

Alum. Alum. Ribs in Ribs in skylightskylight

Not Not enough enough protectprotect

Add PFAS Add PFAS to to Burglar BBurglar B

Design Design screen screen limited limited openingopeningopeningopening

RecognizedRecognizedHazard /Hazard /

EliminateEliminate GuardGuard Safety FactorSafety Factor RedundancyRedundancy ReliabReliabilityility

2. Use Tool to recognize Aerial Lift Fall Hazards

SolutionsSolutions ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySol’nSol’n

ListListHazardHazard

SafetySafetySolSol’’nn

Admin Admin PrePlanPrePlan

GravityGravity Fall out Fall out while while reachingreaching

RestrainRestrain Fall while Fall while step up step up on on

Screen Screen up to up to 42”42”

Fall Fall while while transfertransfer

Wishbone Wishbone connect, connect, follow follow

Fall Fall hazard hazard and and

Guardrail Guardrail && PFAS, PFAS, training training

Train to Train to stay if stay if rockingrockingreachingreaching on on

midrailmidrail4242 transfertransfer procedureprocedure and and

rescuerescuetraining training rockingrocking

Structural/Structural/MechanicalMechanical

Collapse Collapse due to due to bearing bearing failurefailure

Regular Regular maintain maintain check check the certsthe certs

Ejection: Ejection: Auto Auto impact at impact at basebase

PFAS PFAS and and selfself--rescurescuee

Collapse Collapse boom or boom or tip overtip over

Check Check outrigrsoutrigrsfully out fully out & PFAS& PFAS

Bucket Bucket invertsinverts

Restraint Restraint andand PFAS PFAS & rescue & rescue methodmethod

Inspect Inspect Strength Strength reportreport

failurefailure the certsthe certs basebase rescurescuee & PFAS& PFAS methodmethod

,,,, Lean on Lean on controls controls near near ceilingceiling

LockLock--out out & design & design of of controlscontrols

Duck Duck under under rail: rail: head head i ji j

Use Use swing swing gate gate accessaccess

Lift does Lift does not not respond respond to to

ll

Bleed Bleed hydraulicshydraulicsand/or and/or descent descent d id i

Anchor Anchor Pt too Pt too low in low in bucketbucket

Anchor Anchor Pt on Pt on bucket at bucket at 5 ft 5 ft andand

b b

Train: Train: instrns instrns for for proper proper

injuryinjury controlscontrols devicedevice or boomor boom useuse

’’’’ Walk Walk mastmast

Prevent Prevent accessaccess

Tip overTip over OutriggOutriggersers

Stalls Stalls w/ load w/ load & angle& angle

Higher Higher capacity capacity liftlift

Tip Tip overover

Guard Guard andand PFASPFAS

Add Add alarm & alarm & warningswarnings

i l i li l i l Att k b Att k b R t R t Att k b Att k b PFAS PFAS D t D t I I Att k Att k Add it Add it BiologicalBiological Attack by Attack by beesbees

Remote Remote distance distance toolstools

Attack by Attack by beesbees

PFAS PFAS Control Control DescentDescent

Descent Descent not fast not fast enoughenough

Increase Increase descent descent speedspeed

Attack Attack by by beesbees

Add suit Add suit and and headgearheadgear

ElectricalElectrical Touch Touch power power

Keep 10’ Keep 10’ distance distance

Touch Touch while on while on

Training Training stay stay

Conduct’nConduct’n Use Use insulatdinsulatd

Other Other hazardshazards

Increase Increase insulated insulated

lineline per per OSHA OSHA & alarm& alarm

groundground away or away or jumpjump

remote remote toolstools

equip’t equip’t toolstools

David MacCollum: Construction Safety Engineering Principles, 2007

TrainingTrainingAfter a survey of Hazards andAfter a survey of Hazards andAfter a survey of Hazards and After a survey of Hazards and

Selection of MethodsSelection of MethodsDo it right Do it right –– choose your trainer wellchoose your trainer wellT i t d tiT i t d tiTrainer gets good ratingsTrainer gets good ratingsSite Specific trainingSite Specific trainingExamples from site or similar siteExamples from site or similar siteDemo equipment where possibleDemo equipment where possibleDemo equipment where possibleDemo equipment where possibleTest in writing or verbally if necessaryTest in writing or verbally if necessary

Your Pass Rate is 70% or 90%?

Monitor where possibleMonitor where possibleMonitor where possibleMonitor where possible

Is your plan being followed?Is your plan being followed?Is your plan being followed?Is your plan being followed?Trained, Certificate, Passed Test, Trained, Certificate, Passed Test, P i di RP i di R t i it i iPeriodic RePeriodic Re--trainingtrainingProper tools to do jobProper tools to do job

100% Tie100% Tie--OffOff100% Tie100% Tie OffOff

Means no exception to protection ruleMeans no exception to protection ruleMeans no exception to protection ruleMeans no exception to protection ruleTransitions tooTransitions tooM t/AM t/AMovement/AccessMovement/AccessApproved AnchoragesApproved AnchoragesTrigger Height 4ft GI, 6 ft general Trigger Height 4ft GI, 6 ft general Construction, 7.5 ft Construction, 7.5 ft CalOSHACalOSHA,,

Fall Protection System

Labels on Fall Equipment Z359.1Labels on Fall Equipment Z359.1

Good for the life of the life of the product?1910.23App. C(g)

SummarySummarySummarySummary

Detect/Survey Fall HazardsDetect/Survey Fall HazardsDetect/Survey Fall HazardsDetect/Survey Fall HazardsResolve Conflicts between mixed Resolve Conflicts between mixed hazards hazards egeg Electrical and FallsElectrical and Fallshazards hazards egeg Electrical and FallsElectrical and FallsApply 1910/1926 Apply 1910/1926 regsregs proposed/finalproposed/finalApply Z359 for training guidance/detailApply Z359 for training guidance/detailPrePre--Plan Plan –– train, observe and inspecttrain, observe and inspect, p, p

QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions