a right wing ideology which emphasizes the needs of the state
over those of the individual
Slide 5
Fascism extreme nationalism militarism imperialism racism
autocracy glorification of the past
Slide 6
Italy the first fascist state in Europe leader : Mussolini (Il
Duce)
Slide 7
Why Fascism in Italy??? it promised to bring economic and
political order to the chaotic state it promised to return Italy to
greatness it promised to control communist agitation
Slide 8
March on Rome Mussolini marches to power the Italian government
was weak and divided there was some genuine support for fascism the
king did not declare martial law
Slide 9
paramilitary forces hired thugs used to intimidate all
opposition showpieces of pageantry and nationalist symbolism the
Black Shirts Artist: Enrico Prampolini Title: Mussolini's
Blackshirts, 15 April 1919
Slide 10
Mussolini use of emergency dictatorial powers killing of
opponents banning all opposition parties giving Il Duce absolute
power concordat with the Vatican
Slide 11
Mussolini and the Catholic Church Lateran Treaties recognized
the Pope as head of the Church the Catholic Church became the
official religion of Italy the Pope recognized the Fascist govt
this gave Mussolini credibility
Slide 12
Fascist Italys Foreign Policy Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Spanish
Civil War closer ties with Germany and Japan (Axis Pact and
Anti-Comintern Pact)
Slide 13
Germany (1919 - 1923) instability of the Weimar Government
reparation payments = hyperinflation several attempts to overthrow
the govt rise of extremist groups
Slide 14
Treaty of Versailles Article 231 (War Guilt Clause) led to the
popularity of any political party promising to make Germany strong
again
Slide 15
Fear of Communism 1919 Spartacist revolt = fear of a communist
revolution the Nazis promised to eliminate the communists = support
from the middle class and industrialists
Slide 16
69 Years of Tribute Dissatisfaction with the Weimar Government
it signed the Treaty of Versailles inability to pull Germany out of
the Great Depression after 1929 Coal is Bread
Slide 17
French Invasion of the Ruhr 1923 - when Germany could not pay
reparation payments France sent forces into the Ruhr they
confiscated coal and shipped it to France this lead to
hyperinflation in Germany
Slide 18
Hyperinflation Price index July 19141.0 Jan 19192.6 July
19193.4 Jan 192012.6 Jan 192114.4 July 192114.3 Jan 192236.7 July
1922100.6 Jan 19232,785 July 1923194,000 Nov 1923726,000,000,000
1920: A 50 Mark Note: (a reasonable denomination) 1923: A 20
TRILLION Mark Note: ("Milliarden" means a million million)
Slide 19
Munich Putsch 1923 seeking to overthrow the govt of Bavaria
Hitler led an coup It failed; he was jailed (yes it rhymes)
Slide 20
Mein Kampf after being sentenced to prison for the Munich
Putsch Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Slide 21
charismatic appeal of Hitler very popular and mesmerizing
speaker promised what the Germans wanted to hear
Slide 22
the Great Depression crisis theory economic hardship meant
Germans leaned to the far left and far right (Communism or
Fascism)
Slide 23
SA brown shirts hired thugs (paramilitary force)
Slide 24
NSDAP National Socialist German Workers Party Nazis was
originally a derogatory nickname
Slide 25
Article 48 Article 48 of the Weimar constitution allowed the
President to govern by decree during a national emergency it was
used frequently between 1929-1933 and Hitler used it to manipulate
the March 1933 national elections
Slide 26
President von Hindenburg President of the Weimar Republic from
1925-34 he was sympathetic toward the Nazi because of their goal to
make Germany stronger and their anti-communist stance
Slide 27
The Reichstag Fire February 1933 the German parliament
buildings were destroyed by fire Hitler blamed the Communists
Article 48 was used to restrict the electoral activities of the
opposition parties
Slide 28
The Enabling Act March 1933 Hitler used intimidation to force
the passage of the Enabling Act this gave him emergency dictatorial
powers for 4 years Leader we follow you! Yes!
Slide 29
lebensraum living space Germany needed room for its expanded
population
Slide 30
heimat a chance to create a racially pure state (aryan race)
how do you get rid of non-aryans
Slide 31
Nuremburg Laws defined German citizenship on racial grounds
non-aryans were not granted citizenship the creation on a heimat
implied the removal of non-aryans
Slide 32
Night of the Broken Glass Kristallnacht Jewish shops were
destroyed and goods confiscated
SS Black Shirts replaced the SA associated with concentration
camps
Slide 35
Clip from America in the 20th Century: World War II: The Road
to War (2003) Approximately 3 mins
Slide 36
Night of the Long Knives upper leadership of the SA were
executed Hitler perceived them as a threat to his leadership They
salute with both hands now
Slide 37
Nazi Plans labour unions public works economic planning
transportation system
Slide 38
labour unions labour unions outlawed strikes banned the
government created Labour Front At a time like today We remain
Comrades The German Workers Front
Slide 39
public works nation-wide public works programs to reduce
unemployment All Germany hears the leader with the radio
Slide 40
economic planning 4 year plans encouraged the growth of large
corporations the economy was largely based on war economy Germany
lives
Slide 41
transportation system modern transportation system was built
massive highway system (Autobahns) National paved highway