Fascism/ Nazism & Totalitarism

Fascism•Extreme Militarism

•Loyalty to state and obedience to its leader.

•Extreme Nationalism2

Nazism• German brand of fascism.

• National Socialist German Workers’ Party (aka: Nazi).

• More of a practice than a form of government.

• Extreme Nationalism.

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Totalitarianism•Political Gov’t system

•People totally subjected to state/authority

•No freedom or privacy

•Strong military enforcement to lead country

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Benito Mussolini Fascist Totalitarian Dictator•Italians angry because territory was not gained during Treaty of Versailles.

•Unemployment up, taxes up trade down = Civil unrest

•Organized the Fascist Party – Wanted to stop the Communist & Socialist Revolutionaries

•Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of new government.

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Benito Mussolini Fascist Totalitarian Dictator•Promised to revive Italy’s economy & military

•1925: Mussolini known as “Il Duce”. (eel-DOO-chay)

•Censored press, restricts voting, has secret police brings economy under state control.

•Children taught to obey strict military discipline.

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Adolf Hitler Fascist Totalitarian Dictator•Encouraged territorial expansion of Germany lost in the Treaty of Versailles.

•Wanted to strengthen industry and military.

•Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems.

•1933: became Chancellor of Germany.

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Adolf Hitler Fascist Totalitarian Dictator•NAZI: National Socialist German Workers’ Party

•Suspended civil rights, destroyed communists, ended political & economic freedom.

•Created brutal system of terror:

SS troops (secret police)

The Gestapo8

Joseph Stalin Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R •1901: Joined the Social Democratic Labor Party.

•Helped to organize industrial resistance to Tsarism.

•In 1924: After Lenin’s death, Stalin took of the New Economic Party.

•His Goal: Make USSR a world power

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Joseph Stalin Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R •Planned to industrialize the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

•Secret police “KGB” spied on citizens & executes anyone who might oppose him (genocide).

•He makes a deal with Hitler to not attack each other.

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General Hideki Tojo Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan •Japanese Emperor was Taisho (weak).

•General Hideki Tojo was the real leader.

•Major goal was to rule all of Asia.

•Policy: Industrialization & Militarism

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General Hideki Tojo Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan •Japan is in need of raw materials (oil)

•Invaded Korea (1905), Manchuria & China (1937)

•Challenged League of Nations and withdrew.

•League of Nations has no power to condemn for invasion

•When Japan invades the rest of China, President Roosevelt cuts off oil supply to Japan.

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Causes of World War II

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Major Leaders

Adolf HitlerNazi Germany

Benito MussoliniItaly

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Major Leaders

Hideki TojoJapanese Prime Minister

Winston ChurchillBritish Prime Minister

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Major Leaders

Franklin Delano RooseveltUS President

Joseph StalinRussian Leader