Father of Sky Scrapers

8/11/2019 Father of Sky Scrapers

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FATHER OF SKY SCRAPERS- LO

SULLIVA


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INTRODU

Louis Henry Sullivan also known as FATHER OF MODERN AMERARCHITECTURE ( Born September 3, 1856April 14, 1924) wasan American architect, and has been called the Father of Skyscrapers" of Modernism".

He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was

architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloydan inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be kthe Prairie School.


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EARLY LIFE AND C

Louis Henry Sullivan was born to an Irish-born Father, Patrick SulliSwiss-born Mother, Ne Andrienne both of whom had immigrated to the Uin the late 1840s.

After graduating from high school, Sullivan studied architecture brieMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Learning that he could both gfrom high school a year early and pass up the first two years at the MInstitute of Technology by passing a series of examinations, SullivanMIT at the age of sixteen.

After one year of study, he moved to Philadelphia and took a job witFrank Furness.


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MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FRANK FURN


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He worked for William LeBaron Jenney, the architect often credited witfirst steel-frame building. After less than a year with Jenney, Sullivan mto Paris and studied at the cole des Beaux-Arts for a year.

He returned to Chicago and began work for the firm of Joseph S. JohnstEdelman as a draftsman. Johnston & Edleman were commissioned for t

the Moody Tabernacle, with the interior decorative

FRESCO SECCO"designed by Sullivan.

In 1879 Dankmar Adler hired Sullivan; a year later, he became a partnerThis marked the beginning of Sullivan's most productive years.


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William LeBaron JenneyFIRST STEEL FRAMED

BUILDING:

The Home Insurance Buin Chicago built in 1885


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RISE TO

Adler and Sullivan initially achieved fame as THEATRE ARCHITECTmost of their theaters were in Chicago, their fame won commissions as as Pueblo, Colorado, and Seattle, Washington.

The culminating project of this phase of the firm's history was the 1889 Building (188690, opened in stages) in Chicago, an extraordinary mixe

building which included not only a 4,200-seat theater, but also a hotel anbuilding with a 17-story tower, with commercial storefronts at the grounbuilding fronting Congress and Wabash Avenues.


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1889 Auditoruim Building,Chicago built by Dankmar Alder and Louis Sullivan it opened


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1889 Auditoruim Building-Interior


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LOUIS SULLIVAN

Louis H. Sullivan joined the office of Dankmar Adler in 1879, soon becAdler's partner. Their 14-year association produced more than 100 buildof them landmarks, such as the Auditorium Building in Chicago and theBuilding in St. Louis. He considered it obvious that building design shobuilding's functions, hence his influential dictum FORM FOLLOWSFUNCTIONS.


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In 1891 the Wainwright building was constructed for st.Louis businessman E

WRIGHT. It was designed by LOUIS SULLIVAN. The Wainwright building is thecontemporary skyscraper. Sullivans design emphasized open spacious inte


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DESIGN PHILO

Marcus Vitruviu Pollio the Roman architect, engineer and author who first assertebookDe architecturathat a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, uvenustasthat is, it must be SOLID,USEFULLand BEAUTIFULL.

But Sullivan himself neither thought nor designed along such dogmatic lines durihis career. Indeed, while his buildings could be spare and crisp in their principal m

punctuated their plain surfaces with eruptions of lush Art Nouveau and something

Revival decorations, usually cast in iron or terra cotta, and ranging from organic fand ivy, to more geometric designs, and interlace, inspired by his Irish design heri

Terra cotta is lighter and easier to work with than stone masonry. Sullivan used it architecture because it had a malleability that was appropriate for his ornament.

Probably the most famous example is the writhing green ironwork that covers the canopies of the Carson Pirie Scott store on South State Street.


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Ornamentation design onUnion Trust building inSt.Louis

Louis Sullivan Designs


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THE MOST FAMOUS BUILDING BLOUIS SULLIVAN AND DANKMAR

Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular arcemployed such arches throughout his careerin shaping entrances, in framingas interior design.

All of these elements can be found in Sullivan's widely-admired Guaranty Buihe designed while partnered with Adler. Completed in 1895, this office buildin

New York is in the Palazzo style.

Visibly divided into three "zones" of design: a plain, wide-windowed base for level shops; the main office block, with vertical ribbons of masonry rising unimnine upper floors to emphasize the building's height; and an ornamented cornic

by round windows at the roof level, where the building's mechanical units (likmotors) were housed. The cornice crawls with Sullivan's trademark Art Nouveground-floor entrance is topped by a semi-circular arch.


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GUARANTY BUILDING-DESIGNDETAIL


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WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPO

In 1890 Sullivan was one of the ten architects, from Eastern and Westerchosen to build a major structure for the "White City", the World's ColuExposition, held in Chicago in 1893. Sullivan's massive Transportation huge arched "Golden Door" stood out as the only building not of the curArts style, and the only multicolored facade in the White City. Sullivan (1922) to claim that the fair set the course of American architecture back

century from its date, if not longer.His was the only building to receivrecognition outside America, receiving three medals from the Union CeArts Decoratifsthe following year.


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The World's Columbian Exposition, also known as The Chicago World's Fair was aWorld's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of ChristophColumbus' arrival in the New World in 1492


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DECLINE OF LOUIS SU

By the end of the first decade of the 20th century, Sullivan's star was wedescent and for the remainder of his life his output consisted primarily osmall bank and commercial buildings in the Midwest. Yet a look at theseclearly reveals that Sullivan's muse had not abandoned him. When the dbank that was considering hiring him asked Sullivan why they should ena cost higher than the bids received for a conventional Neo-Classic style

from other architects, Sullivan is reported to have replied, "A thousand acould design those buildings. Only I can design this one." He got the jobthese commissions are collectively referred to as Sullivan's "Jewel Boxestill standing.


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LAST STAGES OF LOUIS SU

He went into a twenty-year-long financial and emotional decline, beset bof commissions, chronic financial problems and alcoholism. He obtainecommissions for small-town Midwestern banks wrote books, and in 192as a critic of Raymond Hood's winning entry for the Tribune Tower comdied in a Chicago hotel room on April 14, 1924. He left a wife, Mary AzHattabaugh, from whom he was separated. A modest headstone marks h

resting spot in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago's Uptown and Lake Viewneighborhoods. A monument was later erected in Sullivan's honor, a fewhis headstone.


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Buildings 1887

1895 by Adler & Sullivan:

Martin Ryerson Tomb, Graceland Cemetery, Chicago (1887)

Auditorium Building, Chicago (1889)

Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb, Graceland Cemetery, Chicago (1890)

Wainwright Building, St. Louis (1890)

Charlotte Dickson Wainwright Tomb, Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis (1892) w

on the National Register of Historic Places is considered a major American architriumph, a model for ecclesiastical architecture, a "masterpiece",and has been caMahal of St. Louis." Interestingly, the family name appears nowhere on the tomb

Union Trust Building (now 705 Olive), St. Louis (1893; street-level ornament heav1924)

Guaranty Building (formerly Prudential Building), Buffalo (1894)


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Buil dings 18871895 by Louis Sul li van, with Dankmar Adler unti l 1895:

Springer Block (later Bay State Building and Burnham Building) and Kranz BChicago (18851887)

Selz, Schwab & Company Factory, Chicago (18861887)

Hebrew Manual Training School, Chicago (18891890)

James H. Walker Warehouse & Company Store, Chicago (18861889) Warehouse for E. W. Blatchford, Chicago (1889)

James Charnley House (also known as the CharnleyPersky House Museum Fthe National Headquarters of the Society of Architectural Historians), Chicago

Albert Sullivan Residence, Chicago (18911892)

McVicker's Theater, second remodeling, Chicago (1890

1891)


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REFER

www.Britannica.com

Science.howstuffworks.com

www.biography.com

www.Wikipedia.org

Architecture.about.com


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Father of Sky Scrapers