FCAT ReviewFCAT Review

Life ScienceLife Science

What does “Being Alive” mean?What does “Being Alive” mean?

Made of cellsMade of cells Respond to stimuliRespond to stimuli Respire (use energy)Respire (use energy) AdaptAdapt ReproduceReproduce Excrete wastesExcrete wastes SecreteSecrete Have a life spanHave a life span

Life Needs:Life Needs:

Energy (solar or Energy (solar or chemical)chemical)

WaterWater Tolerable TemperaturesTolerable Temperatures LightLight Agreeable AtmosphereAgreeable Atmosphere

Structure of the CellStructure of the Cell

Single Cell vs. MulticellularSingle Cell vs. Multicellular

Cell OrganizationCell Organization

AtomAtom MoleculeMolecule OrganelleOrganelle CellCell TissueTissue OrganOrgan SystemSystem OrganismOrganism

Major SystemsMajor Systems

Excretory Respiratory Digestive

ReproductiveMale Female

Major SystemsMajor Systems

Circulatory

Nervous

Muscular

Skeletal

Chemistry of the CellChemistry of the Cell

Cells are made of atoms and moleculesCells are made of atoms and molecules Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.

OrganicOrganic InorganicInorganic

Organic compounds contain carbonOrganic compounds contain carbon Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc.Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc.

Inorganic compounds are also necessary for lifeInorganic compounds are also necessary for life Water, salt, vitamins, etc.Water, salt, vitamins, etc.

Cell Transport…note error on class notesCell Transport…note error on class notes

Passive TransportPassive Transport Active TransportActive Transport

ExocytosisExocytosisEndocytosisEndocytosis

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and release water and carbon dioxide as wasterelease water and carbon dioxide as waste

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 Energy + 6CO Energy + 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22OO

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

plants use solar energy plants use solar energy

to make glucose from to make glucose from

water and carbon dioxide water and carbon dioxide

and release oxygen as wasteand release oxygen as waste

Energy + 6COEnergy + 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O O C C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

MitosisMitosis

Cell division for body Cell division for body cells - diploidcells - diploid

MeiosisMeiosis

Cell division to produce Cell division to produce sex cells - haploidsex cells - haploid

DNADNA

Nitrogen basesNitrogen bases AdenineAdenine ThymineThymine GuanineGuanine CytosineCytosine

Sexual vs. Asexual ReproductionSexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

Heredity – passing of traits from parents Heredity – passing of traits from parents of offspringof offspring

Alleles – different forms a gene has for a traitAlleles – different forms a gene has for a trait A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case)A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case) a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case)a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case)

Heterozygous – different allelesHeterozygous – different alleles Homozygous – identical alleles Homozygous – identical alleles

Punnett SquaresPunnett Squares

Tools for predicting genetic Tools for predicting genetic crossescrosses

Genotype – genetic makeupGenotype – genetic makeup What alleles are presentWhat alleles are present

Phenotype – physical makeupPhenotype – physical makeup What is shownWhat is shown

Fill in the Punnett SquareFill in the Punnett SquareTT tt

tt

tt

How many offspring plants will be tall?

How many offspring plants will be short?

What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

T – tall plantst – short plants

Fill in the Punnett SquareFill in the Punnett SquareTT tt

tt TtTt tttt

tt TtTt tttt

How many offspring plants will be tall?

How many offspring plants will be short?

What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

T – tall plantst – short plants

Evolution – changes in kinds of animals Evolution – changes in kinds of animals and plants over timeand plants over time EvidenceEvidence

Fossil recordFossil record Continental driftContinental drift

Why do kangaroos live Why do kangaroos live in Australia?in Australia?

From Eohippus to From Eohippus to EquusEquus

Survival of the FittestSurvival of the Fittest

Ability to reproduce Ability to reproduce successfullysuccessfully

Charles Darwin

The fittest?

EcologyEcology

Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors Living thingsLiving things

Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors Non-living thingsNon-living things

Food Chain vs. Food WebFood Chain vs. Food Web

Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid

Adaptation for SurvivalAdaptation for Survival

Changes in Changes in structurestructure behaviorbehavior

Cycles of NatureCycles of Nature

Carbon Nitrogen

Phosphorus Water

Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues Decrease in resources Decrease in resources

leads to decrease in leads to decrease in natural populationsnatural populations

Human activitiesHuman activities PollutionPollution Global warmingGlobal warming Destruction of habitatDestruction of habitat

Renewable and Non-Renewable ResourcesRenewable and Non-Renewable Resources

RenewableRenewable WindWind SolarSolar WaterWater TreesTrees BiomassBiomass

Non-renewableNon-renewable CoalCoal OilOil GasGas

Scientific Scientific ClassificationClassification

Scientific ClassificationScientific Classification

Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key

Plant KindomPlant Kindom

Plant ReproductionPlant ReproductionSpores vs. SeedsSpores vs. Seeds

Fern

Angiosperm

Gymnosperm

VirusVirus

Viruses are not alive Viruses are not alive until they invade a celluntil they invade a cell