Federal Aviation Administration Data Communications Program Presented to:ACP WG-M By:Gregg Anderson US Member for OPLINKP Date:February 1-2, 2011 Program

Federal AviationAdministrationData Communications

Program

Presented to: ACP WG-M

By: Gregg AndersonUS Member for OPLINKP

Date: February 1-2, 2011

Program OverviewProgram Overview

Federal AviationAdministration

Data Communications ProgramICAO ACP WG-M 2-1-11

2

History of FAA Continental Data Communications Initiatives

Mission Need Statement # 042 1991

JRC Original Program Decision 1998– CPDLC Build I, IA, II, III

IOC Miami ARTCC 10/02– CPDLC Build I

AMS Investment Analysis Build IA 04/04– Terminate CPDLC Program– ZMA Build I Shut Down 10/04

Investment Analysis Readiness Decision 09/06 – New Data Comm Program

Initial Investment Decision 07/08– Provide entry into Final Investment Analysis



3

ARTCCs

TRACONs

TOWER

User Flight OperationsControl

VDL-2Network

ATCSCC

WX Reroutes

Tailored Arrivals / CDAs

VDL-2

Trajectory Based OperationsHigh Performance Airspace

Time Based Metering

Fix

Clearances

TOWERS

ARTCCSTRACONS

Taxi Instructions

Digital ATIS Departure Clearance

Global Harmonization, Enhanced Safety, Increased Capacity

Pilot Downlink

FAA Data Comm CONOPS



4

What is Data Comm?

• It is a portfolio consisting of:– Automation Platforms

• Tower, TRACON, En Route, Oceanic

– Network• VDL-2 & potentially VDL-0 for DCL• SATCOM

– Avionics• FANS/ATN• VDL-2 & potentially VDL-0 for DCL• SATCOM

– Services• Traffic flow management• Flight crew requests/reports• High availability, guaranteed delivery and low latency times • Data exchange for Safety Critical Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearances and

instructions



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What will Data Comm do?• Safety

• Eliminate read back / hear back errors• Reduce occurrences of pilot deviations• Improve human efficiency

• Fuel• Reduce flight times, miles flown and carbon

emissions• Optimized profiles in all phases of flight

e.g.OPD’s

• Schedule• Improve integrity of flight segments• Quicker recovery from disrupted operations



6

Timeline – Segment 1

InvestmentAnalysis

ReadinessDecision

(2006)

InitialInvestmentDecision(2008)

Final Investment DecisionAir Ground Network & Tower Automation

(2011)

Request for Proposal Release (2011) Final Investment

Decision forEn Route (2012)

Tower Initial Site

(2014)

EnRoute

Initial Site (2017)



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InvestmentAnalysis

ReadinessDecision

(2006)

InitialInvestmentDecision(2008)

Final Investment DecisionSegment 2En Route and Approach Control (2018)

Segment 2 En Route and

Approach Control Implementation

(2022)

Timeline – Segment 2



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Data Comm Capabilities – Globally Harmonized 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

• Revised Departure Clearances

• Widespread Delegated Separation using ADS-B Interval Management

• Widespread 4-D Agreements

Red = Terminal Function Black = En Route Function Purple = Cross Domain Function

Operational Capabilities

DC In Tower DC In En RouteDC In TRACON / Upgrade En Route

• Conformance Management

• Initial Trajectory Based Ops

• Operational Terminal Info Service• NAS Status / Delays / Constraints /

Sequencing & Hazardous WX

• TRACON Data Comm Including Routine Clearances, Comm Mgmt, & Optimized Descents

• Optimized Descent (TAP/CDA) Validations

• Clearances• Comm Mgmt• TFM Reroutes

NextGen Equipage Rule???

Existing Aircraft Capabilities (FANS 1/A+ over VDL-2)

214/78 EquipageAvionics Available

Aircraft Equipage

Avionics Standards

Segment 1 Segment 2

• D-TAXI Out• D-ATIS

• Conformance Management• Complex Clearances

• Widespread M&S / C&P / ITP / PAIRAPP

• Widespread 4-D Agreements

4DLINK / SESAR

A/C Forward Fit Rule

A/C Retrofit Rule /All Europe Ground Systems

• Taxi-Out & In; Terminal Info

European Deployment

• Comm Mgmt• ATC Microphone Check

LINK 2K+ SESAR

• TAP/CDA’s

Implementation Package 1

• Initial TAP/CDA’s

Implementation Package 3Implementation Package 2• En Route ATC Clearances

Core Europe Ground Systems

Segment 3???

• Validation & Trials

• D-TAXI In



Why it makes sense to use FANS-1/A(+)

(Worldwide Coverage Area for Data Link Services ~2007)

FANS 1/AFANS 1/A

ATN w/FANS (2011)

FANS 1/A

ATN w/FANS

(2016)



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Data Comm Requires Significant User Investment

Automation, 2,517, 42%

User, 2,653, 44%

SubNet, 822, 14%

Segments 1 and 2Risk-Adjusted Then Year

Air-Ground Network12% Automation

43%

User (Equipage)

45%

• Costs through 2032• Includes development, installation, training, ops, maintenance, etc



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Data Comm Equipage Strategy

100%

Dat

a C

om

m E

qu

ipag

e

• Financial incentives– Offset equipage costs

• Operational incentives– Provide high benefit services– Service for equipage

• Regulatory Action– Combination of forward-fit,

retro-fit, and/or airspace actions– Aligned with NextGen

rulemaking strategy

Mandate only without incentives

Regulatory Action

Financial incentives

Operational incentives

• Users equip once for all segments• Ground system evolves



12

CPDLC Provides Enhanced Communications in ALL domains• CPDLC Reduces

– Controller-Pilot Misunderstandings– Radio Operator and Controller-Pilot transcription errors– Confusion from non-standard phraseology– Radio Frequency congestion

• CPDLC Provides– Auto-loading of ATC clearances– Standardization of ATC messages across regions– Data formats for pilot down-links that can automatically be

integrated into ground automation systems – Increased efficiency w/beneficial results



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Emerging Services

• Tailored Arrivals– Optimized arrival profile up-linked to aircraft and loaded into

FMS

• Waypoint Management– Managed in-flight spacing using Data Comm for delivery of

control times at strategic points

• 4-D Trajectory Optimization– Enhancements to flight profiles are negotiated via CPDLC

• ADS-C Oceanic In-Trail Procedures– Separation down to 15NM for climb and descent through a

blocking aircraft, and



• FANS DCL Service 2014• ATN DCL Service 2017• DCL service consist of:

– Initial Departure Clearance– Revised Initial Departure Clearance– Revised Departure Clearance

• Departure Clearance Defined in SC-214/78http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/atc_comms_services/sc214/current_docs/

• FAA Ops Spec A056 recently modified to authorize worldwide Data Communication capability (Continental & Remote airspace) according to your B50 areas of ops

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Departure Clearance - DCL



Photo from Google Earth April 20, 2009

Revised Pre-departure Clearance Issued to Data Comm Aircraft First - Scenario

Non-DC aircraft await pre-departure

clearance via voice



•Taxi Queue after Push-back

Revised Pre-departure Clearance Issued to Data Comm Aircraft First - Scenario

Non-DC aircraft still in Taxi Queue



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DCL Revised Departure Clearance Benefits

Minutes

Better performance in high traffic and adverse weather conditions

Projected Projected ~12,000~12,000minutesminutessaved saved

July 2009July 2009

Equipage Rates

30%

60%

100%



FANS Logon



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DCL Loadable Clearance

•Page 1•Page 2



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User Benefits of Data Comm Summary

• Significant Reductions in Ground Delays

• Fuel Savings from TAPs, CDAs, and more efficient routes

• Increased Sector Throughput

• More Timely and Effective Clearances

• More Time to Think and Select Appropriate Actions

• More Orderly Work SituationDuring Traffic Rushes



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Data Communications Implementation Team (DCIT)

DRAFT Terms Of ReferenceBackground:• The Data Communications Implementation Team (DCIT) is an environment

for participants to perform advocacy and outreach activities on behalf of the NextGen Data Communications Program. Team members will be able to participate in forums related to integration of ground automation, communication networks, and avionics systems design and certification as well as Data Communication procedures which will enable users to have a stake in the success of the Data Communication Program. Participants include, but are not limited to airframe and avionics manufacturers, FAA, National Airspace System (NAS) users, and related industry associations and business groups.

Authority and Administration:• Using the DCIT as the umbrella organization, co-chairs from the FAA and

Stakeholders will be selected as the Technical and Operational authorities for the integration of Data Communications into NAS operations. Technical and administrative support will be needed and should be provided by the relative participants as required. Issues or information of a proprietary nature will be handled by Non-Disclosure Agreements signed by relevant participants.



Mission:• Provide a forum to advance FAA NextGen Data Communications in the NAS

and bring forward guiding principles from the Task Force 5 recommendations which include:– 4.6.1.3.1 Digital ATC-Aircraft Communications for Revised Departure

Clearances, Reroutes, and Routine Communications (Operational Capabilities 16, 17, 39, 42a, 44)

– The Task Force recommends implementation of this initial set of operational capabilities enabled by Data Comm for aircraft equipped with either FANS 1/A+ or ATN Baseline 1. Specifically, the services described in capabilities 16, 17, 39, 42, and 44 should be provided to those aircraft equipped with Future Air Navigation Services (FANS) 1/A+ compliant with RTCA DO-290/2 and DO-258A, conducted over VDL Mode-2 (TSO-C160 ) using the ATC facility notification and controller-pilot data link communication (CPDLC) applications.

• From the FAA NextGen Web site, Data Communications:– “Advances in data communications between ground and airborne systems

are envisioned to increase sector-based traffic capacity allowing greater user access and more efficient flight routing”.

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DCIT Draft (con’t)



Participation: • Participation is limited to implementers of Data Communications Air Traffic

Services in the NAS by authorization of the FAA Program Office. This would include the following major categories and their essential support:– Operators– Communication Service Providers– Avionics and aircraft manufacturers– FAA Air Traffic Organization – FAA AVS (AFS/AIR)

• Form of commitment for major stakeholders will be by letter to the Co-Chairs, endorsed by the FAA Program Office and the DCIT.

Place and Timing of Meetings:• The DCIT will meet regularly at the FAA Program Office or other location as

mutually agreed upon. It is expected that the DCIT will meet jointly with Data Communications implementers from other worldwide regions on an as needed basis.




Tasks:• Assist in developing appropriate Roadmap and Transition plans.• Carry-on the activities essential to success in integrating the Data

Communications segments.• Supervise the integration of committed Stakeholders into the Data

Communications operational environment.• Provide a focus for the integrated planning and test schedules of the

stakeholders.• Analyze problems reported by participating members and performance metrics

of the end-to-end system as prescribed in applicable Data Communications and standards documents.

• Provide a mechanism for resolution of technical and operational problems through the various standards bodies such as the Data Link User Forum and RTCA.

• Serve as the Configuration Control Function for Data Communications Baseline Reports, as required, to the FAA Program Office and Air Transport Association.

• Address Certification and Approval issues as required.• Address Human Factors issues as required.• Advise the FAA Data Communications Program Manager and related FAA

Program Managers on operational and technical issues.• Coordinate with other similar regional integration teams, e. g. LINK 2000+

Integration Team, (LIT) and FANS Interoperability Team (FIT) as required.




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Issues• Airspace users will not voluntarily equip

– Required ROI does not support timely user investment– Economic climate not conducive to airspace user investment – Agency needs to provide incentives and mandate to lead airspace

users to NextGen

• Industry wary of FAA commitment to Data Comm and NextGen– Completing the NextGen Integrated Concept Of Use and Equipage

Strategy will reduce industry risk

• Alignment of decision support tools with Data Comm schedule – ERAM, Automation, etc.

• Technical and Operational Issues concerning Airborne and Ground systems can not be solved without user participation and implementation – We need your help!



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Summary• Several RFC’s have been solicited in the last year

– Dedicated ATS Network and Repurposing of Aircraft Radio’s, which

– Helped refine our requirements & ready us for the final SIR

• Data Comm is a key enabler for the NextGen TBO portfolio

• The Data Comm operational concept was developed to enable TBO

• Coordinated implementation plans are required– Aligned with Automation Roadmap, TBO portfolio, NextGen

Implementation Plan and “Global Implementation Plan”– Coordinated w/Users investment plans



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Meeting the Challenge

Industry

Coordinating with FAA organizations

Collaborating with aviation community

RTCA Industry forums

Harmonizing with Europeans on standards & operations

Coordination is Key to Data Comm’s SuccessCoordination is Key to Data Comm’s Success



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How We Want to Fly!!!How We Want to Fly!!!How We Need to Fly!!!How We Need to Fly!!!

Data Comm – moving traffic with the speed of informationData Comm – moving traffic with the speed of information



Questions ?

Documents

Federal Aviation Administration Data Communications Program Presented to:ACP WG-M By:Gregg Anderson US Member for OPLINKP Date:February 1-2, 2011 Program