FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIAdatazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/IBAs/EuCntryPDFs/IBA2000Vol2pp… · 012 SER012 YU035 Slano kopovo Slano kopovo Serbia 2,660 B1iv, B2, B3 013 SER013

725

Important Bird Areas in Europe – Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Yugoslavia lies mostly in the central Balkan peninsula, while itsnorthern part spreads over the southern belt of the Pannonian plain.Yugoslavia covers an area of 102,173 km2, of which Serbiacomprises 88,361 km2 and Montenegro comprises 13,812 km2. Themain geographic units in Serbia are the Pannonian region in thenorth, the Peripannonian region in the centre, and the Mountain-and-basin region in the south, while in Montenegro they are theCoastal and the Mountain-and-basin regions. More than 60% ofYugoslavia is made up of hilly to mountainous landscapes, above500 m elevation. There are three main drainage basins in thecountry: the Black Sea basin, which comprises 88,919 km2 (87% of

the total territory of the country), and the Adriatic and Aegeanbasins. Montenegro has a c.200 km long coastline along the AdriaticSea. Annual precipitation in Serbia is 550–1,000 mm, and inMontenegro is 700–5,000 mm.

This inventory identifies 40 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) inYugoslavia (Table 1, Map 1). They have a total area of 8,617 km²,equivalent to c.8% of the country’s surface area. Within Serbia thereare 35 IBAs with an area of 7,670 km2, while in Montenegro thereare five IBAs with an area of 947 km2. Totals of IBAs byadministrative region are: Vojvodina (16); Kosovo and Metohija(two); central Serbia (17); southern Montenegro (three); northernMontenegro (two). In general, Serbia is well-surveyedornithologically and the identification of IBAs is comprehensive,

Long-legged BuzzardButeo rufinus.(PHOTO: BRATISLAV GRUBAÈ)

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF■■■■■YUGOSLAVIASLOBODAN PUZOVIÆ AND BRATISLAV GRUBAÈ

Table 1. Summary of Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 40 IBAs covering 8,617 km2

IBA National 1989code code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11)

001 SER001 YU029 Gornje Podunavlje Gornje Podunavlje Serbia 30,000 A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3002 SER002 YU032, YU033 Subotica lakes and sandy terrain Suboticka jezera i pustare Serbia 20,000 A1, B2, B3

003 SER003 — Beèej fish-pond Beèejski ribnjak Serbia 4,000 A4i, B1i, B2, B3004 SER004 — Jegrièka Jegrièka Serbia 5,400 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3

005 SER005 YU037 Koviljski rit Koviljski rit Serbia 5,500 B2006 SER006 YU031 Fruška Gora Fruška Gora Serbia 42,000 A1, B2

007 SER007 YU030 Bosutska forest Bosutske sume Serbia 17,500 A1, B1i, B2, B3008 SER008 — Zasavica Zasavica Serbia 5,200 B2, B3

009 SER009 YU041 Obedska bara Obedska bara Serbia 23,000 B1i, B2, B3010 SER010 — Danube loess bluffs Dunavski lesni odsek Serbia 2,500 A1, A4i, B1i, B2

011 SER011 YU034 Jazovo–Mokrin Jazovo–Mokrin Serbia 8,000 A1, B2012 SER012 YU035 Slano kopovo Slano kopovo Serbia 2,660 B1iv, B2, B3

013 SER013 YU036 Carska bara Carska bara Serbia 9,300 A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3014 SER014 — Uzdin fish-pond Uzdinski ribnjak Serbia 5,500 A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3

015 SER015 YU040 Vršacki breg Vršacki breg Serbia 10,500 B2, B3016 SER016 YU038 Deliblatska pešèara Deliblatska pešèara Serbia 38,000 B2, B3

726


Table 1 ... continued. Summary of Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 40 IBAs covering 8,617 km2

IBA National 1989code code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11)

017 SER017 — Cer mountain Cer planina Serbia 10,200 B2, B3018 SER018 — Valjevske mountains Valjevske planine Serbia 11,000 B2

019 SER019 — Tara mountain Tara planina Serbia 36,000 B2020 SER020 — Ovcar–Kablar gorge Ovcarsko-Kablarska klisura Serbia 5,400 A1

021 SER021 — Uvac–Mileševka Uvac–Mileševka Serbia 30,000 A1, B2022 SER022 — Kopaonik Kopaonik Serbia 45,000 B2

023 SER023 — Prokletije Prokletije Serbia 100,000 A3, B2, B3024 SER024 YU048 Šara mountain Šar planina Serbia 80,000 A1, A3, B2

025 SER025 — Pcinja Pcinja Serbia 16,000 B2, B3026 SER026 — Vlasina Vlasina Serbia 22,000 B2

027 SER027 — Jerma Jerma Serbia 10,000 B3028 SER028 — Suva mountain Suva planina Serbia 20,000 B2

029 SER029 — Stara mountain–Vidlic Stara planina–Vidlic Serbia 44,000 B2, B3030 SER030 — Sicevo gorge Sicevacka klisura Serbia 9,800 B2

031 SER032 YU047 Zlot gorge–Dubašnica Zlotska klisura–Dubašnica Serbia 10,000 B2032 SER033 YU046 Resava gorge Resavska klisura Serbia 9,500 B2

033 SER034 YU039 Dubovac–Ram Dubovac–Ram Serbia 12,000 A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3034 SER035 — Ðerdap gorge Ðerdapska klisura Serbia 65,000 A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2

035 SER036 — Mala vrbica Mala vrbica Serbia 2,000 B2036 YU042 — Durmitor Durmitor Montenegro 33,000 B2, B3

037 — — Biogradska woods Biogradska gora Montenegro 20,000 B2, B3038 YU043 — Lake Skadar Skadarsko jezero Montenegro 40,000 A1, A3, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2

039 YU044 — Lake Sasko Sasko jezero Montenegro 350 B1i, B2, B3040 YU045 — Ulcinj saltpans Ulcinjska solane Montenegro 1,350 A1, A4i, B1i, B2

Map 1. Location, area andcriteria category of ImportantBird Areas in the FederalRepublic of Yugoslavia.

6

9

3

5

8

7

17

1

2

4

14

15

16

10

13

33

11

35

12

34

28

29

27

32

30

3120

22

26

24

2337

25

21

19

36

18

40

38

39A D R I A T I C

S E AA L B A N I A

F O R M E R Y U G O S L A VR E P U B L I C O F M A C E D O N I A

B U L G A R I A

R O M A N I A

H U N G A R Y

C R O A T I A

B O S N I A A N DH E R Z E G O V I N A

Area of IBA (ha)

A (18 IBAs)

B (22 IBAs)

Highest category ofcriteria met by IBA

350 to 7,999

8,000 to 10,999

11,000 to 32,999

33,000 to 100,000

0 10050

km

727


Table 2. Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republic ofYugoslavia that are important for species of global conservationconcern (meeting criterion A1).

Species IBA codePhalacrocorax pygmeus Pygmy Cormorant 010, 020, 033, 034, 038, 040Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican 038Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck 001, 002, 004, 013, 014, 033, 038Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle 001, 007Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle 006Crex crex Corncrake 014, 021, 024Otis tarda Great Bustard 011

while in Montenegro there are still areas which potentially fulfilthe IBA criteria but which have not been confirmed as IBAs due toa scarcity of recent data.

The previous pan-European IBA inventory in 1989 (Grimmettand Jones 1989) identified 20 IBAs in Yugoslavia, with an area of1,803 km², equivalent to c.2% of the country’s surface area. Sixteenof the IBAs were in Serbia and four in Montenegro. All 20 of thesesites have been confirmed as IBAs under the revised IBA criteria,and feature in this inventory (see Table 1), but mostly with newboundaries and with larger surface-areas.

ORNITHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

The total number of regularly occurring bird species in Yugoslaviais 333, of which 260 occur regularly during the breeding season(Vasić 1995). Among the latter group there are 140 species ofEuropean conservation concern (SPECs: Tucker and Heath 1994),which include five species of global conservation concern (Aythyanyroca, Aquila heliaca, Falco naumanni, Otis tarda and Crex crex)as well as a further 82 species that have an unfavourableconservation status in Europe (Tucker and Heath 1994). A total of16 sites support internationally important numbers of globallythreatened or near-threatened species, thus qualifying as IBAs underthe A1 criterion (Table 2). Thirteen sites in Yugoslavia supportimportant congregations of 18 species of migratory waterbird atsome point during their annual life-cycle, with 10 of the 13 sites

being globally important as they meet the A4i criterion (Table 3).Of special note for wintering waterbirds are Lake Skadar (site 038)in Montenegro where c.200,000 winter regularly (Vasić et al. 1992)and the River Danube near Dubovac–Ram in Serbia (site 033)where 80,000 winter on average (Paunović et al. 1994).

Three sites in Yugoslavia meet the A3 criterion (Table 1), beingimportant for bird-species assemblages of particular biomes. Oneof the three sites holds six of the 21 species whose breedingdistributions (in Europe) are largely or wholly confined to theMediterranean biome, while the other two sites hold four of the10 such species that are similarly restricted to the Eurasian high-montane biome. All but one of the IBAs (site 020) are consideredto support important breeding numbers of SPECs, thus meetingB2 and/or B3 criteria, and 19 sites qualify as IBAs solely underthese criteria (Table 1).

For many bird species that are rare and threatened inYugoslavia, the majority of the national breeding populationcurrently nests within the IBA network, notably Phalacrocoraxpygmeus (100%), Pelecanus crispus (100%), Ciconia nigra (80%),Plegadis falcinellus (100%), Platalea leucorodia (100%), Aythyanyroca (50%), Neophron percnopterus (100%), Gyps fulvus (100%),Haliaeetus albicilla (75%), Aquila heliaca (80%), Aquila pomarina(50%), Alectoris graeca (70%), Crex crex (60%), Otis tarda (100%),Limosa limosa (90%), Prunella collaris (100%), Eremophila alpestrisbalcanica (80%), Tichodroma muraria (50%), Montifringilla nivalis(90%) and Emberiza melanocephala (60%).

HABITATS

Yugoslavia is an ecologically diverse country, and thebiogeographical origins of its fauna and flora are unusuallyheterogeneous in a European context. Six main habitat-zones canbe distinguished: high-montane rocky areas and pastures;coniferous forests; southern European and sub-Mediterraneanforests (mainly deciduous); upland Mediterranean vegetation;steppe; and wooded steppe. In the north of Serbia, the Pannonianplain is a lowland landscape with large rivers (Danube, Sava, andTisa), while to the south hilly/mountainous landscapes areintersected by river valleys (the mountain systems being the Dinaric,the Rhodope, the Šara–Pindus and the Carpathian). In Vojvodinathere is a large area of sand-dunes—Deliblatska peščara—which israre and unusual in inland Europe. In the south of Montenegro,Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean habitats border the Adriaticcoast, and one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe, LakeSkadar, is also situated here.

At least 23 IBAs (58% of the total) have more than 5% of theirextent covered by some form of wetland (Figure 1), and this extentis considered significant at 19 of the 23 sites, among them eightareas of fish-ponds. These 19 sites comprise almost all of the mostimportant breeding colonies of herons (Ardeidae) and cormorants(Phalacrocoracidae) in Yugoslavia, as well as regions importantfor staging and wintering waterbirds. Four IBAs cover mainly openhabitats with steppes, saltmarshes, saltpans, lowland meadows andpastures, which together support nationally threatened species suchas Otis tarda, Aquila heliaca, Falco cherrug, Charadrius alexandrinus,

Table 3. Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republic of Yugoslaviathat support important numbers of one or more congregatoryspecies (i.e. meeting criteria A4 and/or B1). IBAs meeting bothcriteria A4 and B1 for the species are shown in bold. IBAsmeeting only criterion B1 for the species concerned, and notA4, are shown in normal type. For key to ‘Season’, see p. 7.

Species Season IBA codeTachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe B 013Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe W 038Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe B 004Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe W 038Phalacrocorax pygmeus Pygmy Cormorant R 038

B 033W 010, 014, 033, 034, 038P 038

Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 003Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 038Egretta alba Great White Egret R 003, 013, 014

W 038Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 001, 007, 009, 014, 033Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill B 039

P 001, 013N 014

Anas crecca Teal W 038Aythya ferina Pochard W 038

P 033Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck W 038Bucephala clangula Goldeneye P 033Fulica atra Coot W 038Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole B 040Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit P 014Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull W 013

Figure 1. Habitats at Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republicof Yugoslavia (see Appendix 3 for definitions of habitats).

Scrub

Forest and woodland

Artificial landscape

Wetland

Grassland

100 3020 605040 908070Percentage of IBAs (100% = 40 sites)

1. percentage of area of individual IBA covered by habitat

Rocky areas

100

³ 50% cover¹

5%–49% cover¹

< 5% or unknown¹

728


Recurvirostra avosetta, Limosa limosa, Himantopus himantopus,Burhinus oedicnemus, Glareola pratincola, Sterna albifrons,Haematopus ostralegus and Tringa totanus.

Forest covers 27% of Serbia (25,625 km2), and in Montenegro37% (5,100 km2), with the proportion of conifers being only 10%in Serbia, and up to 30% in Montenegro. Seventeen IBAs (44%)contain large tracts of forest—deciduous forest in the lowlands andconiferous forest in high mountain regions—and forest is thepredominant habitat within 13 of these 17 IBAs (Figure 1). Withinseven IBAs there are protected gorges, mainly in Serbia, which arevaluable refuges for a large number of raptors and for species typicalof karst and rocky areas with scrub and low vegetation. Highlandpastures and bare, alpine terrain, above the height of 1,700 m, arethe major habitat within seven IBAs. All alpine terrain above1,800 m in Serbia is included within IBAs, which thus hold most orall of the national breeding populations of such species as Prunellacollaris, Eremophila alpestris balcanica, Montifringilla nivalis,Pyrrhocorax graculus and Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax.

Artificial landscape is present in varying quantities at most IBAs,but it is not usually predominant, and only 5% of IBAs have morethan 50% cover of this habitat-type (Figure 1). Mostly it comprisesplantations of poplar Populus or non-native conifers, arable land

on plains, and perennial crops (orchards and groves) in hilly andmountainous regions.

IMPACTS ON IBAS—LAND-USE AND THREATS

Most IBAs are state-owned. Agriculture, hunting, forestry andtourism/recreation, being present at 75–90% of all IBAs, are themost widespread land-uses in Yugoslavian IBAs (Figure 2). Slightlyless frequent uses are nature conservation/research and urban/industrial/transport uses, which are present at 55–70% of all IBAs.Agriculture is the dominant land-use in Vojvodina, while huntingand forestry are equally present in all regions where IBAs arelocated. Within agriculture, land is most commonly used for arablecultivation. Forest management is, in general, intensive and thusposes problems at some IBAs (Figure 3), being limited or forbiddenonly within protected areas such as National Parks and NatureReserves. The spread of huge poplar plantations in the riparianzones of Vojvodina, currently covering about 500 km², is a greatthreat to riparian IBAs in this region (Figure 3). In general, withinthe IBAs, the area covered by forest is increasing gradually, butthe average age of stands and the tree species-richness are bothdecreasing. Hunting is particularly widespread in Vojvodina, wherethere are numerous areas for hunting big game within IBAs.Hunting is a threat locally (Figure 3), especially when large birdsof prey are hunted as trophies, but there are also cases where huntingclubs are caretakers of nature reserves and the rare birds withinthem (e.g. a reserve for Otis tarda in Banat).

Fisheries/aquaculture are present at 19 IBAs (Figure 2),including eight fish-pond areas where the persecution of waterbirdsand burning of vegetation are very common. Disturbance of birdsoccurs at almost all IBAs (Figure 3). Disturbance has increasedrecently due to the economic crisis in Yugoslavia, which has led toincreased collection of wood, medicinal herbs, mushrooms andforest fruits, as well as increased hunting, fishing and nomadicgrazing of cattle. Drainage still poses a threat at some wetland IBAsin Vojvodina, and burning of vegetation is a problem in themountains of Prokletije and Šara (Figure 3).

PROTECTION STATUS

At present 5% of Serbia is protected as National Parks and NatureReserves, while in Montenegro the total protected area covers 10%of the region. A total of 29 IBAs overlap to some extent with areasprotected by national law (Figure 4, Table 4). Eight of the nine

Figure 2. Land-uses at Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republicof Yugoslavia (see Appendix 3 for definitions of land-uses).

Figure 3. Threats at Important Bird Areas in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (see Appendix 3 for definitions of threat types andimpact categories).

0 10 20 30 905040 807060Percentage of IBAs (100% = 40 sites)

Not utilized

Other

Urban/industrial/transport

Fisheries/aquaculture

Tourism/recreation

Hunting

Water management

Forestry

Nature conservation/research

Agriculture

1.percentage of area of individual IBA covered by land-use

Unknown

100

³ 50% cover¹

5%–49% cover¹

< 5% or unknown¹

0 10 20 30 905040 807060Percentage of IBAs (100% = 40 sites)

Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage

Unknown

Extraction industryConsequences of animal/plant introductions

Groundwater abstraction

Agricultural intensification/expansion

Selective logging/cutting

Unsustainable exploitation

Industrialization/urbanization

Dredging/canalization

Intensified forest management

Abandonment/reduction of land management

Deforestation (commercial)

Firewood collection

Aquaculture/fisheries

Forest grazing

Other

AfforestationRecreation/tourism

Drainage

Infrastructure

Natural events

Burning of vegetation

Disturbance to birds

High impact

Medium to low impact

Unknown impact

729


National Parks in Yugoslavia are included within IBAs, as is thefuture Prokletije National Park which is likely to become legallyprotected soon, and 13 Strict/Special Nature Reserves lie withinIBA boundaries too (Table 4). Yugoslavia is a contracting partyto several international conventions and initiatives concerning theconservation of sites of nature conservation value (Box 1), and fourIBAs fully enclose the four Ramsar Sites in the country (Table 4,Figure 5): Obedska Bara; Ludaško Lake; Stari Begej/Carska Bara;Skadarsko Jezero.

However, there are few instances where the boundaries of aprotected area coincide with those of the IBA, the protected areausually being significantly smaller than the IBA. A total of 11 IBAsreceive no protection at all through national or internationallegislation (Table 4), although some are in the process of beingdesignated as protected areas (Slano kopovo; Uzdin fish-pond; Cermountain; Vlasina; Suva mountain; Dubovac–Ram). Overall, morethan 50% of the total IBA surface area receives no legal protection,which represents a serious problem for management programmes.

CONSERVATION

• Management plans exist or are in preparation for the 21 IBAswhich overlap with a National Park or Nature Reserve, but theplans mostly do not embrace the total IBA surface area, onlythe part that is legally protected. In addition, the plans are of astandard whereby they cannot yet be implemented effectively,and therefore their improvement and advancement is one of themajor priorities for the future. Since the existing plans only coverprotected areas, a satisfactory management plan will also needto be drawn up for each IBA.

ANALYTICAL METHODS

• Within a country, the B2/B3 criteria are normally applied onlyto those species of European conservation concern (SPECs:Tucker and Heath 1994) which have 1% or more of their totalEuropean population breeding within the country concerned.

Figure 4. The national protection status of Important Bird Areasin the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

% of area ofindividualIBA overlapswith nationalprotected areas:High >90%Partial 10–90%Low <10%None

Total area of overlap between IBA network in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia andnational protected-area system (see Table 4 for categories) = 3,012–3,025 km2 (35% oftotal IBA area).

Figure 5. The international protection status of Important BirdAreas in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

% of area ofindividualIBA overlapswith internationalprotected areas:High >90%Partial 10–90%Low <10%None

Total area of overlap between IBA network in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia andinternational protected-area system (see Table 4 for categories) = 695 km2 (8% of totalIBA area).

Partial16 IBAs (39%)

High3 IBAs (8%)None

11 IBAs (28%)

Low10 IBAs (25%)

High1 IBA (3%) Partial

3 IBAs (7%)None35 IBAs (87%) Low

1 IBA (3%)

Table 4. Protection status of Important Bird Areas in the FederalRepublic of Yugoslavia. A tick (✔) indicates that an IBA overlapswith a protected area (to any extent).

IBA Internationalcode name

001 Gornje Podunavlje ✔

002 Subotica lakes and sandy terrain ✔ ✔ ✔

003 Beèej fish-pond004 Jegrièka ✔

005 Koviljski rit ✔

006 Fruška Gora ✔

007 Bosutska forest ✔

008 Zasavica ✔

009 Obedska bara ✔ ✔

010 Danube loess bluffs011 Jazovo–Mokrin ✔

012 Slano kopovo013 Carska bara ✔ ✔

014 Uzdin fish-pond015 Vršacki breg ✔

016 Deliblatska pešèara ✔

017 Cer mountain018 Valjevske mountains ✔

019 Tara mountain ✔

020 Ovcar–Kablar gorge ✔

021 Uvac–Mileševka ✔

022 Kopaonik ✔

023 Prokletije ✔

024 Šara mountain ✔

025 Pcinja ✔

026 Vlasina027 Jerma ✔

028 Suva mountain029 Stara mountain–Vidlic ✔

030 Sicevo gorge ✔

031 Zlot gorge–Dubašnica ✔ ✔

032 Resava gorge ✔

033 Dubovac–Ram034 Ðerdap gorge ✔

035 Mala vrbica036 Durmitor ✔ ✔

037 Biogradska woods ✔

038 Lake Skadar ✔ ✔

039 Lake Sasko040 Ulcinj saltpans

Total number of IBAs 8 13 5 5 4 1

Natio

nal

Park

Spec

ial/St

rict

Natu

re R

eser

ve

Regio

nal

Natu

re P

ark

Ram

sar

Site

Wor

ldHe

ritag

e Sit

e

National International

Oth

er

GlobalBiodiversity Convention (✔)Ramsar Convention ✔Bonn ConventionWorld Heritage Convention ✔MAB Programme ✔

Pan-EuropeanBern Convention

RegionalBarcelona Convention ✔

✔ Convention ratified/initiative supported(✔) Convention signed

Box 1. International legislationand initiatives that arerelevant to site conservation inthe Federal Republic ofYugoslavia (see Appendix 1 fora general description of theseagreements).

730


This is not possible for Yugoslavia, since the standardizedEuropean data-set of national population sizes of breeding birdsduring 1970–1990 (Tucker and Heath 1994) does not containdata for Yugoslavia. Thus B2/B3 criteria have been applied bydifferent means in Yugoslavia. This involved examining, for eachSPEC that was listed as breeding in one or more of the proposedYugoslavian IBAs, its population size at the Yugoslavian sitein question, and comparing this with the spread of similar valuesat all other sites in Europe where the B2 or B3 criterion hadbeen met for this species. Where the population size at theYugoslavian site was clearly of the same magnitude as thepopulation sizes at most other B2-/B3-qualifying sites for thespecies elsewhere in Europe, then B2 or B3 was applied to thespecies for that site in Yugoslavia.

GLOSSARY

karst a limestone region with underground drainage and many cavities andpassages caused by the dissolution of the rock.

■ SITE ACCOUNTS

loess a deposit of fine, light-coloured, wind-blown dust found especially in thebasins of large rivers.Pannonian region of, or pertaining to, a flat, lowland region centred onHungary.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Work on the IBA project in Yugoslavia was accomplished at the Institute forthe Protection of Nature of Serbia. Significant help with the compilation ofgeneral data and information on bird species at IBAs in Yugoslavia was givenby the following collaborators: Ištvan Balog, Kanjo Bela, Beriša Dževad, MilanDević, Boris Garovnikov (IBA consultant and former coordinator ofYugoslavian IBA project), Jožef Gergelj, Mihajlo Hadži-Pavlović, Ištvan Ham,Florijan Horvat, Ištvan Hulo, Milica Ivović, Dejan Krstojević, Jovan Lakatoš,Šandor Lukač, Saša Marinkovič, Zoran Milovanovič, Milan Mirić, AleksandarNikolić, Borko Obućina, Aleksandar Pantelić, Milan Paunović, ZvonimirPopović, Javor Rašajski, Dragiša Savić, Oto Sekereš, Goran Sekulić, MejdinSelmani, Dragan Simić, Nataša Simonov, Teodor Stefanović, Bogdan Šojić,Tibor Ternovac, Marko Tucakov, Antun Žuljević and Ondrej Vizi.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 14 17 B B2Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 80 100 B B2Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1997 130 150 A B2Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1997 60 80 A B2Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1997 35 45 A B2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P — 200 300 — A4i, B1iCiconia ciconia White Stork B 1997 30 40 A B2Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1993 200 300 — A4i, B1i

1 Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck R 1997 30 50 B A1, B2Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1997 15 18 A B2Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle R 1997 7 8 A A1, B2Ficedula albicollis Collared Flycatcher B 1997 200 300 B B3Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1997 200 250 B B2

1. Mainly on Kolut fish-pond.Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaIxobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1997 70 100 A B2Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1997 35 50 A B2Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1997 80 100 A B2

1 Aythya ferina Pochard R 1997 100 140 B B3Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck B 1997 15 25 A A1, B2Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1997 80 100 A B2Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon B 1997 20 25 A B2

Gornje Podunavlje A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3 001Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°37’N 18°58’EAltitude 82–95 m Area 30,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn inundated area along the eastern bank of the Danube, forming atransboundary IBA with sites across the border in Hungary (‘Béda-Karapancsa’; Hungarian site 009) and Croatia (‘Alluvial wetlands ofthe River Danube’ and ‘Kopacki rit’; Croatian sites 001 and 002respectively). The site comprises extensive alluvial forest (oak Quercus,willow Salix and poplar Populus) interspersed with pools, rivers andstreams, lowland forest of Quercus and ash Fraxinus, reedbeds anddamp meadows (with sedge Carex and grass Glyceria) and large tractsof Populus plantation. Grazing-pasture, saltmarsh and arable fieldsoccur in areas that remain free from flooding. The main economicactivities are forestry and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (scrub),Grassland (5%), Wetland (15%; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringevegetation; fen/transition mire/spring), Artificial landscape (55%; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (7%), Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (70%), Hunting (75%), Natureconservation/research (30%), Not utilized, Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)

■■■■■ Birds

The site is important for breeding, wintering and passage waterbirds,holding 20,000 or more individuals on a regular basis during the winter.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None10,000 ha of IBA covered by Regional Nature Park (GornjePodunavlje, 10,000 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issues

Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Afforestation (A), Agriculturalintensification/expansion (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Disturbance to birds (C), Drainage (A),Dredging/canalization (B), Firewood collection (C), Forest grazing (C), Intensified forestmanagement (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are losses of natural forest and meadows toafforestation, and drainage. Water is artificially transferred to marshesseparated from the Danube by an embankment, with funding providedby domestic sources. The Institute for the Protection of Nature ofSerbia has an ongoing research programme. A management plan existsfor the site.

Subotica lakes A1, B2, B3 002and sandy terrainAdmin region SerbiaCoordinates 46°04’N 19°49’EAltitude 80–110 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in the far north-east of Backa, in the vicinity of Subotica.Numerous wetlands are present, with extensive reedbeds and aquaticvegetation: Paličko jezero, Ludjaško jezero, Kapetanjski rit (now a fish-pond) and Velebit reservoir. The sandy ground in Selevenjske pustareand Mali pesak supports a complex of wooded steppe, steppe, and plantcommunities of sandy ground. Human activities include sport-fishing;recreational tourism has been developed at Paličko jezero and Ludjaškojezero. This site includes former sites YU032 and YU033 from theprevious pan-European IBA inventory (Grimmett and Jones 1989).

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;wooded steppe), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (30%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland;humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (20%; mudflat/sandflat; standing freshwater; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (40%; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Fisheries/aquaculture (5%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (80%), Natureconservation/research (25%), Tourism/recreation (25%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


731


Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1997 60 70 B B2Riparia riparia Sand Martin B 1997 1,000 1,500 B B2Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler B 1997 1,000 1,500 B B3

2 Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1997 30 40 A B2

1. Main breeding site in Serbia. 3,000–5,000 individuals in winter.2. Main site in Serbia.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1997 500 500 A A4i, B1i, B21 Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1996 150 200 A B2

1,2Egretta alba Great White Egret R 1998 30 180 A A4i, B1iArdea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 150 200 B B2

1 Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill B 1996 70 80 A B2Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1994 30 30 A B3

1. Main site in Serbia.2. Fluctuating.


Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe B 1997 400 500 B A4i, B1i1 Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1997 80 100 B B2Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1997 200 400 B B2Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1997 150 150 A B2Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1997 60 70 A B2Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1997 100 130 A B2Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck B 1997 50 70 B A1, B2Porzana porzana Spotted Crake B 1997 50 100 B B3

1 Porzana parva Little Crake B 1997 300 400 B B31 Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1997 400 400 A B2Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1997 50 70 A B2Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1997 150 200 B B2

1. Main site in Serbia.

Threats include disturbance of birds, mowing of marsh vegetation andhunting. Members of the Bird Protection and Study Society ofVojvodina undertook intensive ornithological research between 1989and 1997.

Jegrièka A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3 004Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°20’N 20°10’EAltitude 76–86 m Area 5,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA narrow, 60-km stretch of river with fringing reed Phragmites; thelower reaches have been dammed to form a fish-pond. There are threemajor settlements in the vicinity of Jegrička, which is surrounded byarable land.

Habitats Scrub, Grassland, Wetland (80%; mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (20%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Fisheries/aquaculture (60%), Hunting (70%), Natureconservation/research (10%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Water management (5%)


An important site for breeding and passage waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None20 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Jegrička, 20 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (U), Disturbance to birds (C), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (C),Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Threats include disturbance to birds, and the effects of fishing andhunting. One wet depression has been polluted by waste-water from alocal cattle farm. Members of the Bird Protection and Study Societyof Vojvodina undertook intensive ornithological research between1989 and 1997.

Koviljski rit B2 005Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°12’N 20°00’EAltitude 73–81 m Area 5,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wetland bordering the River Danube in the vicinity of Novi Sad–Koviljski rit, near the settlements of Kovilj and Gardinovci in Back,and Petrovaradinski rit at the foot of Fruška Gora in Srem. A complexof naturally inundated forest (poplar Populus, willow Salix and ashFraxinus), stagnant tributaries, canals, marshes, wet meadows, pastureand Populus plantations. Human activities include seasonal pig-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Wetland (30%; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (40%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)

This is an important site for breeding and passage waterbirds, andbreeding species of open grassland/shrub habitats. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Oxyuraleucocephala (last bred 1947; 1–2 on passage and in winter).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Low387 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Ludaško jezero,387 ha). 677 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Selevenjskepustare, 677 ha). 712 ha of IBA covered by Regional Nature Park (Palič,712 ha). 593 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Ludaško Lake, 593 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Drainage (B),Dredging/canalization (B), Infrastructure (B), Other (U), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include nutrient-enrichment and pollution (‘Other’ threat),erosion and disturbance. Members of the Bird Protection and StudySociety of Vojvodina undertook intensive ornithological researchbetween 1985 and 1997. Artificial nest-cavities are provided for Otusscops. A management plan exists for the site.

Beèej fish-pond A4i, B1i, B2, B3 003Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°35’N 20°03’EAltitude 77–82 m Area 4,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in an alluvial plain in Backa (Vojvodina), between Bečej andBacko Gradiste, and bordering the Tisa–Veliki canal. The fish-pondsupports fringing vegetation, and is surrounded by pasture, arableland and a narrow strip of riverine forest (poplar Populus, willow Salixand ash Fraxinus). Human activities include crop production andcattle-rearing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Grassland (10%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (60%; standing freshwater; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (30%; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Fisheries/aquaculture (40%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (60%),Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management (5%)


The site is important for breeding, wintering and passage waterbirds.Breeding species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Phalacrocorax pygmeus and Aythya nyroca.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International None


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Disturbanceto birds (B), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Infrastructure (C), Unsustainableexploitation (U)

732



Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1997 8 10 B B2Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle R 1997 2 2 A B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaAquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle B 1997 1 2 B B2

1 Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle B 1997 2 3 A A1Falco cherrug Saker B 1997 2 3 B B2Otus scops Scops Owl B 1997 20 40 C B2Picus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1997 60 100 B B2Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1997 60 80 C B2Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1997 300 500 B B2Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1997 10 20 B B2


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCiconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 10 15 B B2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P — 100 200 — B1iCiconia ciconia White Stork B 1994 20 30 A B2Haliaeetus albicilla R 1994 4 5 A A1

White-tailed EagleStrix aluco Tawny Owl R 1993 B — — B3


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1996 70 75 A B2Porzana porzana Spotted Crake B 1996 20 50 C B3

Land-use Agriculture (5%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Forestry (70%), Hunting (80%),Nature conservation/research (80%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


The site is important for breeding and passage waterbirds. Species ofglobal conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aythyanyroca (breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None4,820 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski rit, 4,820 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Forestgrazing (C), Intensified forest management (A), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Threats include replacing natural woodland with plantations,afforestation of open areas, drainage, and uncontrolled hunting. Amanagement plan exists for the site.

Fruška Gora A1, B2 006Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°04’N 19°34’EAltitude 100–539 m Area 42,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large, forest-covered massif situated in the north of Srem. Broadleavedforests (oak Quercus, lime Tilia, beech Fagus, hornbeam Carpinus andash Fraxinus) are interspersed with steppe and wooded steppe, pasture,meadows, vineyards and arable land. Recreational tourism is welldeveloped due to the proximity of Belgrade and Novi Sad.

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub, Grassland(10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (5%; river/stream), Artificial landscape (15%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestryplantation; urban parks/gardens; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (75%), Hunting (60%), Nature conservation/research(80%), Tourism/recreation (90%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management


Important site for forest-nesting species. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila clanga (passage).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None25,400 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Fruška Gora, 25,400 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Consequences ofanimal/plant introductions (C), Deforestation (commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (B),Extraction industry (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (C), Intensifiedforest management (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are disturbance from recreational activities andintensive forestry practices. A management plan exists for the site.

Bosutska forest A1, B1i, B2, B3 007Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°00’N 19°10’EAltitude 79–85 m Area 17,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of lowland adjacent to the Croatian border in western Srem(Vojvodina), supporting vast forests of oak Quercus, with ash Fraxinus,poplar Populus, willow Salix, elm Ulmus, hornbeam Carpinus andmaple Acer. Numerous depressions with swamp vegetation occur alongwith riverine forests along the Sava and Bosut rivers. Human activitiesprimarily consist of intensive forestry and game hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (80%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Grassland (mesophile grassland), Wetland (10%; mudflat/sandflat; standing freshwater; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (80%), Hunting (70%),Nature conservation/research, Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


This is an important site for forest-nesting species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None27 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Majzecova Basta,27 ha). 87 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Radenovci,87 ha). 11 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Stara Vraticna,11 ha). 39 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Varos, 39 ha).58 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Vinicna, 58 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Disturbance tobirds (U), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Forest grazing (B), Infrastructure (C),Intensified forest management (A), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are disturbance, logging of old-growth forest andgradual drainage of wetland areas.

Zasavica B2, B3 008Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°56’N 19°31’EAltitude 77–83 m Area 5,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wetland situated along the River Sava in the plains of Macva, nearto the town of Sremska Mitrovica. Fed by underground aquifers andwith a depth of up to 2.5 m, it supports abundant marsh vegetation—mostly reed Phragmites. The site is surrounded by agricultural land,and remnants of forest remain (oak Quercus, ash Fraxinus, poplarPopulus and willow Salix). Human activities include cattle-rearing;ecological tourism is a recent development.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub, Grassland (10%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (30%;standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (30%;arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Fisheries/aquaculture (20%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (80%),Nature conservation/research (70%), Tourism/recreation (10%), Urban/industrial/transport


733



Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 22 29 A B2Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1996 195 195 A B2Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 17 20 A B2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P — 100 200 — B1iCiconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 30 32 A B2Haliaeetus albicilla R 1996 2 2 A B2

White-tailed EagleFalco cherrug Saker R 1996 1 1 A B2Porzana porzana Spotted Crake B 1996 28 46 C B3Porzana parva Little Crake B 1996 15 30 C B3Alcedo atthis Kingfisher R 1994 14 22 B B2Picus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1996 50 70 B B2Dendrocopos syriacus R 1996 30 47 B B3

Syrian WoodpeckerDendrocopos medius R 1996 140 220 B B3

Middle Spotted WoodpeckerLocustella luscinioides Savi’s Warbler B 1996 70 90 B B3Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap B 1996 7,500 8,600 B B3Ficedula albicollis Collared Flycatcher B 1996 260 335 A B3Certhia brachydactyla R 1996 1,260 1,370 B B3

Short-toed Treecreeper


Phalacrocorax pygmeus W 1996 100 200 — A1, A4i, B1iPygmy Cormorant

Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1996 60 90 B B2Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 300 600 B B2

Important for breeding waterbirds. Wintering species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Phalacrocoraxpygmeus and Haliaeetus albicilla.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None670 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Zasavica, 670 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Deforestation(commercial) (B), Disturbance to birds (C), Drainage (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

Artificial nest-sites are provided for Ciconia ciconia. A managementplan exists for the site.

Obedska bara B1i, B2, B3 009Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°43’N 20°01’EAltitude 71–82 m Area 23,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA vast area of wet forest stretching along the River Sava in southernSrem (Vojvodina). The site is a complex of forest (willow Salix andpoplar Populus and oak Quercus), stagnant tributaries, marshes andwet meadows. Human activities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Grassland, Wetland (15%; mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; river/stream;water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (25%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (70%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (50%), Tourism/recreation (10%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Watermanagement (10%)


The site is important for breeding waterbirds and forest-nestingspecies. Breeding species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (1–2 pairs) and Aquila clanga.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial7,500 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Obedska Bara,9,820 ha). 15,100 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Obedska Bara,17,501 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance tobirds (C), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Forest grazing (A), Groundwaterabstraction (B), Infrastructure (C), Intensified forest management (B), Other (U),Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are nutrient-enrichment (‘Other’ threat) and theafforestation of alluvial depressions and meadows with Populusplantations. Dams along the Vok canal, which supplies and drainsObedska bara, have raised the dry-season water-level by 60 cm andhave significantly reduced a previous problem whereby vegetationalsuccession was converting wetland and meadows to scrub. In addition,a work camp in 1997 cleared 10 ha of overgrown meadows. Amanagement plan exists for the site.

Danube loess bluffs A1, A4i, B1i, B2 010Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°05’N 20°22’EAltitude 75–131 m Area 2,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSteep loess bluffs up to 50 m in height, bordering the Danube betweenBanovci and Slankamen. Individual trees and abundant herbaceousvegetation survive along the upper edges of the bluffs; low-lying areasare undermined by the main river current at times of high flow. Humanactivities include extracting loess for use as building material.

Habitats Scrub (5%), Grassland (5%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland(70%; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificiallandscape (20%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Fisheries/aquaculture (50%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (80%),Tourism/recreation (10%), Urban/industrial/transport, Water management (70%)


Wintering species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Branta ruficollis and Haliaeetus albicilla.



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (B),Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threats are disturbance and hunting.

Jazovo–Mokrin A1, B2 011Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°49’N 20°15’EAltitude 78–86 m Area 8,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe IBA covers an uninhabited area of loess terrace and alluvial plainin northern Banat, between Mokrin, Jazovo, Sajan and Crna Bara.Extensive steppic habitats are bordered by meadows and pasture, andcontain a mosaic of relict Pannonian plant communities. Limitedhuman activities include grazing and mowing of meadows.

Habitats Grassland (50%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; humid grassland; mesophilegrassland), Wetland (20%; mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (30%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Hunting (60%), Natureconservation/research (25%), Not utilized (5%)

■■■■■ BirdsThe site is important for breeding species of open grassland. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aythyanyroca (5–10 breeding pairs).

734


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill B 1997 30 40 A B2Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon B 1997 20 30 A B2

2 Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1997 10 12 B A1Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1997 10 15 A B21. Did not breed 1995–1997.2. 36 individuals in winter 1996 (max. 45 individuals).


Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1997 15 20 A B31 Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover B 1997 10 20 B B2


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe B 1996 400 600 B A4i, B1iBotaurus stellaris Bittern R 1997 20 30 B B2Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1997 70 100 B B2Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1997 200 300 B B2Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1997 90 100 A B2

2 Egretta alba Great White Egret R 1997 70 100 A A4i, B1iArdea purpurea Purple Heron B 1997 150 200 A B2Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1997 200 400 — A4i, B1i

1 Anas strepera Gadwall B 1996 30 40 B B21 Anas querquedula Garganey B 1997 80 100 B B21 Aythya ferina Pochard B 1997 200 300 B B3Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck B 1997 30 50 B A1, B2Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull W 1996 50,000 80,000 — A4i, B1iMerops apiaster Bee-eater B 1997 50 80 B B2Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart B 1996 20 40 B B2Locustella luscinioides Savi’s Warbler B 1997 200 300 B B3Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1997 10 12 B B2

1. Main site in Serbia.2. Large increase.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None980 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Otis tarda pasture,980 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Drainage (B),Dredging/canalization (B), Forest grazing (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threats are drainage of wet depressions and ploughing ofsteppe and saltmarsh habitats. Predator control and winter feeding ofOtis tarda are undertaken. A management plan exists for the site.

Slano kopovo B1iv, B2, B3 012Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°37’N 20°13’EAltitude 75–86 m Area 2,660 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn alluvial plain situated east of Novi Becej, containing seasonal bodiesof salt water. One of the larger lakes, Slano kopovo, supports vegetationcharacterized by salt-tolerant succulents (for example, Salicornia, Salsolaand Suaeda). It varies from 30 ha to 100 ha in size, depending onunderground water-levels. Arable land, pasture and meadows surroundthe depressions. Human activities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (30%;mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation),Artificial landscape (60%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Hunting (90%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


The site is important for breeding and passage waterbirds. A total of5,000–10,000 Grus grus migrate over the area, with some stopping torest and feed. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Anser erythropus (wintering), Branta ruficollis (passage),Oxyura leucocephala (breeding), Aquila heliaca (passage) andNumenius tenuirostris (passage).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Drainage (C),Dredging/canalization (C), Recreation/tourism (C)

The nearby Becej–Kikinda road is very busy. The area is proposed asa Special Nature Reserve (Slano Kopovo, 1,200 ha). A managementplan for the site is in preparation.

Carska bara A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3 013Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°16’N 20°25’EAltitude 75–85 m Area 9,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn inundation area between the Tisa and Begej rivers in the western partof Backa, south-west of the town of Zrenjanin. Habitats include pools,

fish-ponds, meadows and willow/poplar Salix/Populus woodland.Includes Carska bara, Tiganjica, Perleska bara and Ečka fish-pond.Human activities include reed-cutting (‘Other’ land-use).

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Grassland (5%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (65%; mudflat/sandflat;standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (20%; arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Fisheries/aquaculture (60%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (50%),Nature conservation/research (30%), Other, Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management


An important site for breeding, wintering and passage waterbirds,regularly holding 20,000 or more individuals during winter andmigration periods. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Phalacrocorax pygmeus (periodically breeding), Ansererythropus (wintering), Haliaeetus albicilla (resident), Aquila clanga(wintering), Crex crex (breeding) and Numenius tenuirostris (passage).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial1,676 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Stari Begej–Carska Bara, 1,676 ha). 1,767 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (StariBegej/Carska Bara Special Nature Reserve, 1,767 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Construction/impactof dyke/dam/barrage (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (B),Forest grazing (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (C), Intensified forestmanagement (C), Other (U), Recreation/tourism (C)

Threats include disturbance from visitors and fishermen, andinappropriate water management (‘Other’ threat). A management planexists for the site.

Uzdin fish-pond A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3 014Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°13’N 20°38’EAltitude 75–82 m Area 5,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA fish-pond (460 ha in size) situated in saltmarsh pasture and marshalong the Tamis river. Numerous small islands and sandbars withinthe fish-pond are very important for nesting birds. The IBA also coversnatural inundation forest (poplar Populus, willow Salix and ashFraxinus), numerous stagnant tributaries, canals and arable fields.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub, Grassland (10%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (65%;mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificiallandscape (20%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Fisheries/aquaculture (70%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (80%),Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management (5%)

735



Phalacrocorax pygmeus W 1996 800 1,000 — A4i, B1iPygmy Cormorant

1 Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1997 20 25 B B2Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1997 80 100 A B2

2 Egretta alba Great White Egret R 1997 30 40 A A4i, B1iArdea purpurea Purple Heron B 1997 50 60 A B2

3 Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1997 — 200 — A4i, B1iCiconia ciconia White Stork B 1997 60 65 A B2

3 Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill N 1997 300 400 — A4i, B1iAythya ferina Pochard R 1997 100 150 B B3

4 Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck B 1997 100 150 B A1, B2Crex crex Corncrake B 1997 10 20 B A1, B2Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1997 40 50 A B3

4 Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit B 1997 40 60 B B2Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit P 1997 1,000 3,000 — B1i

5 Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1997 280 300 A B2

1. 50–60 individuals in autumn/winter.2. Large increase. 200–300 individuals in winter.3. Autumn.4. Main site in Serbia.5. Fluctuating.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaAquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle B 1996 2 2 A B2Picus canus Grey-headed Woodpecker B 1996 20 40 B B2Picus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1996 100 200 B B2Dendrocopos syriacus R 1996 20 50 B B3

Syrian WoodpeckerLuscinia megarhynchos Nightingale B 1996 300 600 C B3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar B 1995 200 300 B B2Jynx torquilla Wryneck B 1995 100 150 B B2Picus canus Grey-headed Woodpecker B 1996 50 80 B B2Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1996 400 700 B B2Alauda arvensis Skylark B 1996 2,000 2,500 B B2

1 Luscinia megarhynchos Nightingale B 1995 3,000 6,000 B B3Saxicola rubetra Whinchat B 1996 150 250 B B3

1 Sylvia nisoria Barred Warbler B — 800 1,000 B B31 Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1996 1,000 1,500 B B2



The site is important for breeding, wintering and passage waterbirds,holding 20,000 or more individuals on a regular basis during winterand migration periods. Species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (resident).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance to birds (C),Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C),Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threats include agricultural intensification, disturbance andhunting. Members of the Bird Protection and Study Society of Vojvodinaundertook intensive ornithological research between 1977 and 1997.

Vršacki breg B2, B3 015Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 45°07’N 21°25’EAltitude 90–641 m Area 10,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA hilly area in the far south-east of Banat, on the boundary betweenthe Pannonian lowlands and the Carpathian massif. Extensive plainscomprising steppic habitats, agricultural land and vineyards surroundforests of oak Quercus, beech Fagus, hornbeam Carpinus, lime Tilia,ash Fraxinus and maple Acer.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Grassland (30%;steppe/dry calcareous grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland, Artificial landscape(20%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (20%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport


The site is important for forest-nesting species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila heliaca(non-breeding) and Crex crex (breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None4,180 ha of IBA covered by Regional Nature Park (Vrsacke Planine,4,180 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Dredging/canalization (C), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (C), Intensified forestmanagement (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (C)

Members of the Bird Protection and Study Society of Vojvodinaundertook intensive ornithological research between 1977 and 1997.A management plan for the site is in preparation.

Deliblatska pešèara B2, B3 016Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°49’N 21°00’EAltitude 84–250 m Area 38,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLocated in the south-east of Vojvodina, south Banat, the IBAcomprises an elongated elliptical tract of sand, spreading from theDanube north towards Vladimirovac and Banatski Karlovac. It coversgrazing-pasture, steppic habitats, woodland, scrub, coniferplantations, vineyards and agricultural land.

Habitats Forest and woodland (45%; broadleaved deciduous forest; wooded steppe;treeline ecotone; wooded desert/semi-desert), Scrub (30%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; humid grassland;mesophile grassland), Wetland (river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificiallandscape (5%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urbanparks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Forestry (80%), Hunting (90%), Nature conservation/research (80%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


An important site for breeding species of forest and scrub. Species ofglobal conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetusalbicilla (wintering), Aquila heliaca (breeding) and Crex crex (breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None29,640 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (DeliblatskaPeščara, 29,640 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Burning ofvegetation (C), Infrastructure (C), Intensified forest management (A), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are the afforestation of pasture and steppic habitatswith pine Pinus and false acacia Robinia, overgrowth by scrub, andintensive hunting. Work to remove Robinia and Crataegus fromgrasslands has begun, and watering holes have been constructed. Plansexist to propose the area as a Biosphere Reserve. A management planexists for the site.

Cer mountain B2, B3 017Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°36’N 19°30’EAltitude 120–687 m Area 10,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA low mountain located in Macva at the edge of the Pannonianlowlands, between the towns of Loznica and Sabac. Almost completely

736



Dendrocopos syriacus R 1997 40 70 B B3Syrian Woodpecker

Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1997 40 60 B B2Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1997 150 250 B B2


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 2 3 A B2Otus scops Scops Owl B 1996 20 30 B B2


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1997 3 4 A B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1997 4 4 A B2Otus scops Scops Owl B 1997 20 30 B B2Picus canus Grey-headed Woodpecker R 1993 40 60 C B2Picus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1996 80 150 B B2Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart B 1995 40 70 C B2

covered by forest of oak Quercus and beech Fagus, with pasture andmown meadows. Numerous conifers have been planted in previouslybare areas. Human activities include cattle-rearing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (80%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub, Grassland(10%; dry siliceous grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificiallandscape (10%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; otherurban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (80%), Hunting (60%), Not utilized (5%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


This is an important site for breeding species of forest and forest-edgehabitats. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Aquila heliaca (breeding).



Threats Afforestation (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Deforestation(commercial) (C), Firewood collection (C), Intensified forest management (B)

The main threat is uncontrolled felling of old growth forest andsubsequent replacement with younger plantations, as well asafforestation of the remaining bare terrain. Intensive ornithologicalresearch was undertaken between 1995 and 1997.

Valjevske mountains B2 018Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°09’N 19°34’EAltitude 280–1,247 m Area 11,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in the far west of Serbia along the Drina river, between thetowns of Valjevo and Bejina Basta. The deciduous forests(predominantly beech Fagus and oak Quercus) are interspersed withpasture, meadows, limestone features, orchards and villages. Humanactivities include intensive agriculture and cattle-rearing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved deciduous forest; treeline ecotone),Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; dry siliceousgrassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (15%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (70%), Hunting (80%),Nature conservation/research (20%), Not utilized, Tourism/recreation (10%)


This is an important area for a variety of breeding raptors, includingGyps fulvus (together with Milesevka–Uvac, this is the only breedingsite in Yugoslavia).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None596 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Klisura rekeTresnjice, 596 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (C), Deforestation (commercial) (C),Disturbance to birds (C), Extraction industry (C), Forest grazing (C), Intensified forestmanagement (C), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

There are no immediate threats, other than the effects of disturbanceand hunting. A feeding point for raptors was established in 1987 andis still operational. A management plan exists for part of the site.

Tara mountain B2 019Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°52’N 19°25’EAltitude 230–1,673 m Area 36,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLocated near to the Drina river in western Serbia, with coniferous,broadleaved and mixed forests (spruce Picea, fir Abies, pine Pinus,beech Fagus and oak Quercus) covering the majority of the land area.Human activities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (65%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (5%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; mesophile grassland),Wetland (5%; river/stream; raised bog), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders; inland cliff;caves), Artificial landscape (5%; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (70%), Hunting (90%), Nature conservation/research (70%), Tourism/recreation (30%), Water management (10%)


This is an important for breeding raptors and forest-nesting species.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Crex crex (breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None19,200 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Tara, 19,200 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Burning of vegetation (C), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Deforestation (commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Extractionindustry (C), Forest grazing (C), Infrastructure (C), Intensified forest management (B),Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are the effects of intensified forest management andrecreation/tourism. A management plan exists for the National Park.

Ovcar–Kablar gorge A1 020Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°52’N 20°12’EAltitude 245–985 m Area 5,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA gorge on the Zapadna Morava river, situated between the towns ofCacak and Pozega in western Serbia. Limestone cliffs and rocky terrainare interspersed with sparse tree cover and thickets comprising oakQuercus, ash Fraxinus, hornbeam Carpinus, elm Ulmus and lime Tilia.Areas of meadow and pasture, small reservoirs, houses and orchardsare also present.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; treeline ecotone),Scrub (20%; scrub), Grassland (15%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; mesophilegrassland), Wetland (5%; standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (20%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Fisheries/aquaculture (5%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (50%),Not utilized (30%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Watermanagement (10%)

737



Phalacrocorax pygmeus W 1993 50 70 — A1Pygmy Cormorant

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1997 36 36 A B2Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 4 5 B B2Aquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle B 1996 2 2 A B2Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 5 6 A B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 4 5 A B2Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge R 1996 50 80 B B2Crex crex Corncrake B 1996 20 30 B A1, B2Otus scops Scops Owl B 1996 30 40 B B2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 7 8 A B2Picus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1996 100 150 B B2Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1996 200 400 B B2Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 15 20 B B2Emberiza cia Rock Bunting R 1996 100 120 B B2

1. 200–250 individuals in October 1997.


Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge R 1995 50 70 B B2Otus scops Scops Owl B 1996 20 30 C B2Lullula arborea Woodlark R 1994 80 120 B B2Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1996 400 600 B B2


Also important for a variety of breeding raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International NoneIBA overlaps with protected area (unknown type).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Burning of vegetation (C), Deforestation (commercial) (B),Disturbance to birds (U), Extraction industry (C), Forest grazing (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (U), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threats are disturbance, hunting and infrastructuredevelopment.

Uvac–Mileševka A1, B2 021Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°25’N 19°57’EAltitude 500–1,625 m Area 30,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe limestone gorges of the Uvac and Mileševka rivers, situatedbetween the Zlatar, Zlatibor and Jadovnik mountains and the Sjenickaplateau in western Serbia. The central part of the IBA is covered withdense coniferous or mixed forest (spruce Picea, fir Abies, pine Pinus,beech Fagus and oak Quercus); the periphery is mostly baremountainous terrain. Extensive pasture and mown meadows existtowards the Sjenicka plateau. Human activities include cattle-rearing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (5%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; humid grassland; mesophilegrassland), Wetland (5%; standing fresh water; river/stream; fen/transition mire/spring),Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (10%;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Fisheries/aquaculture (5%), Forestry (60%), Hunting (80%),Nature conservation/research (20%), Not utilized (10%), Tourism/recreation (10%),Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management (5%)


The site is important for a variety of breeding raptors. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Phalacrocoraxpygmeus (wintering).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None1,200 ha of IBA covered by Special Nature Reserve (Klisura RekeUvac, 1,200 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Deforestation(commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Threats include disturbance, hunting and intensive forest exploitation.A feeding point for raptors (for example, Gyps fulvus, Neophronpercnopterus and Aquila chrysaetos) was established in 1989 and hasbeen very successful. A management plan exists for part of the site.

Kopaonik B2 022Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°15’N 20°50’EAltitude 650–2,016 m Area 45,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe largest mountain in central Serbia; a large coniferous forest (sprucePicea) in the Ravni Kopaonik predominates. A small area is coveredwith alpine vegetation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (30%; dry siliceousgrassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland; mesophile grassland),Wetland, Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (10%;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Forestry (70%), Hunting (40%), Nature conservation/research (30%), Not utilized, Tourism/recreation (40%)


Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Crex crex (5–10 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None11,800 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Kopaonik, 11,800 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Afforestation (C), Deforestation(commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (B), Extraction industry (B), Forest grazing (C),Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (C)

Intensive ornithological research was undertaken between 1984 and1997. A management plan exists for part of the site.

Prokletije A3, B2, B3 023Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 42°43’N 20°10’EAltitude 460–2,656 m Area 100,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionMainly a limestone massif comprising a number of peaks over 2,000 m,surrounded by the towns of Djakovica, Pec and Kosovska Mitrovica.Alpine vegetation occurs at high altitude; coniferous, mixed andbroadleaved forests (spruce Picea, pine Pinus, maple Acer, beechFagus, oak Quercus and chestnut Castanea) are present at lower levels.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (10%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (25%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; dry siliceous grassland;alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (5%;standing fresh water; river/stream; fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (15%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (5%; perennial crops/orchards/groves;forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Forestry (60%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (5%), Not utilized (20%)

■■■■■ BirdsThe site is important for a variety of breeding raptors and other uplandspecies, including four of the 10 species in Europe that are restricted(when breeding) to the Eurasian high-montane (alpine) biome. Species

738


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1997 10 12 B B3Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 4 6 B B2Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1997 6 7 A B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1997 6 7 A B2Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge R 1997 150 200 B B2Otus scops Scops Owl B 1997 50 80 B B2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 15 20 A B2Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar B 1997 100 150 C B2Lullula arborea Woodlark R 1997 200 300 B B2Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1997 60 70 A A3Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1997 30 40 B B2Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel R 1997 500 700 B B3Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1997 10 12 A A3Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1997 1,000 1,500 B B2Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1997 100 130 A A3Montifringilla nivalis Snowfinch R 1997 10 15 A A3Emberiza cirlus Cirl Bunting R 1997 1,000 2,000 B B3Emberiza cia Rock Bunting R 1997 100 150 B B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1997 5 6 A B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1997 4 5 A B2

1 Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge R 1996 150 250 B B2Crex crex Corncrake B 1996 10 30 B A1, B2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 7 8 A B2Alauda arvensis Skylark B 1996 2,000 3,000 B B2Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1997 50 70 A A3Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1997 6 10 A A3Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1997 100 150 A A3

1 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1997 25 35 A B2Montifringilla nivalis Snowfinch R 1996 15 25 A A31. Main site in Serbia.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPicus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1994 80 150 B B2Lullula arborea Woodlark R 1995 200 500 B B2Luscinia megarhynchos Nightingale B 1995 2,000 3,000 C B3

1 Parus lugubris Sombre Tit R 1994 50 100 B B3Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1994 400 600 B B2Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1994 10 20 B B2

1 Lanius senator Woodchat Shrike B 1995 20 40 B B2


of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Crexcrex (breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International NoneIBA overlaps with a few small protected areas (unknown type).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Disturbance tobirds (C), Firewood collection (B), Forest grazing (A), Intensified forest management (B),Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include disturbance, hunting, deforestation, burning andnomadic cattle-grazing. Proposed as a National Park (Prokletije,100,000 ha).

Šara mountain A1, A3, B2 024Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 42°10’N 20°57’EAltitude 450–2,651 m Area 80,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in the far south of Serbia in Kosmet province, being atransboundary IBA that stretches across into Macedonia (‘Saramountains’; Macedonian site 001). The main mountain-ridge issurrounded by low-lying valleys and glacial lakes, with dry grasslandslopes broken by numerous rivers/streams. Coniferous and broadleavedforest (pine Pinus, beech Fagus and oak Quercus) and alpine pasturesare also present. Human activities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (40%; dry siliceousgrassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland; mesophile grassland),Wetland (5%; standing fresh water; river/stream; raised bog; water-fringe vegetation;fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves),Artificial landscape (5%; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (70%), Nature conservation/research (60%), Not utilized (20%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


Important for breeding species of upland habitats, including four of theten species in Europe that are restricted (when breeding) to the Eurasianhigh-montane (alpine) biome. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Aegypius monachus (non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None39,000 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Šar Planina, 39,000 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Afforestation (C), Burning ofvegetation (C), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Disturbance to birds (C), Forestgrazing (B), Intensified forest management (B), Natural events (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (B)

A management plan exists for the part of the site.

Pcinja B2, B3 025Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 42°22’N 22°03’EAltitude 410–1,345 m Area 16,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive valley surrounded by the mountains of Kozjak, Rujenand Vlasinske in south-east Serbia, on the borders with Macedoniaand Bulgaria. The diverse vegetation reflects sub-Mediterraneaninfluences. Degraded oak Quercus forest occurs with open, drygrassland and areas of scrub. Human activities include cattle-rearingand some agriculture, as well as tourism at a low level.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; broadleaved deciduous forest; wooded steppe),Scrub (25%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland; dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (3%; river/stream), Rocky areas(15%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (30%), Hunting, Not utilized (30%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%)


This is an important site for a number of species associated with open,heterogeneous landscapes.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None120 ha of IBA covered by Landscape Nature Reserve (Prohor Pciniski,120 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (C), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (C), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Disturbance to birds (C), Drainage (C),Firewood collection (B), Forest grazing (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainableexploitation (U)

The main threat is the illegal hunting of birds. A management planexists for the site.

Vlasina B2 026Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 42°41’N 22°22’EAltitude 900–1,874 m Area 22,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plateau surrounded by the summits of Vardenik, Cemernik andVrtop in south-east Serbia. The main part of the plateau has beenturned into a large freshwater reservoir, with floating peat islands.The surroundings comprise coniferous and broadleaved (beech Fagus)forest and pasture.

739


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCoturnix coturnix Quail B 1992 500 1,000 B B2Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1993 100 300 B B2Alauda arvensis Skylark B 1993 3,000 4,000 B B2Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1993 300 500 B B2


Luscinia megarhynchos Nightingale B 1996 C — — B3


Otus scops Scops Owl B 1994 20 40 C B2


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 2 3 A B2Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1997 2 3 A B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1997 3 4 A B2Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge R 1997 50 70 C B2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 6 8 B B2

1 Alauda arvensis Skylark B 1997 3,000 4,000 B B2Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel R 1997 40 60 C B3


Habitats Forest and woodland (25%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (30%; dry siliceous grassland;alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland(25%; standing fresh water; river/stream; raised bog; water-fringe vegetation; fen/transition mire/spring), Artificial landscape (15%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Fisheries/aquaculture (30%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (90%),Tourism/recreation (50%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management (30%)


An important site for breeding species of open, upland habitats.



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include rapid tourist development and infrastructureconstruction (for example, roads, hotels and cable railways).

Jerma B3 027Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 42°57’N 22°37’EAltitude 620–1,442 m Area 10,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA river gorge situated in eastern Serbia, on the border with Bulgaria.Typical limestone karst features are present. Scarce wooded areasconsist of oak Quercus, hornbeam Carpinus and beech Fagus, andthere are extensive dry pastures on plateau areas. Human activitiesinclude crop production.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (30%;scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (15%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland;mesophile grassland), Wetland, Rocky areas (25%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(10%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; urban parks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (60%), Nature conservation/research (70%), Tourism/recreation (20%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International NoneIBA overlaps with protected area (unknown type).


Threats Afforestation (C), Burning of vegetation (C), Deforestation (commercial) (B),Infrastructure (C), Intensified forest management (C), Recreation/tourism (C)

Proposed as a Landscape of Great Value (Jerma).

Suva mountain B2 028Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°12’N 22°12’EAltitude 470–1,808 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA prominent limestone massif that adjoins the Juzna Morava rivervalley. Its southern side is covered with dense vegetation and pasture,

whereas the northern slopes are barren. A range of habitats is present,ranging from sub-Mediterranean rocky terrain and scrub at lowerlevels, to subalpine pasture on the highest summits. Broadleaved forests(oak Quercus and beech Fagus) are significantly degraded. Humanactivities include husbandry and hay-cutting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; broadleaved deciduous forest; treeline ecotone),Scrub (10%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (35%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; mesophile grassland), Rockyareas (15%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (5%; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (100%), Nature conservation/research (5%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


A notable site (at the national level) for breeding species of uplandhabitats.



Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (C), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (C), Deforestation (commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Firewoodcollection (C), Forest grazing (C), Intensified forest management (C), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Stara mountain–Vidlic B2, B3 029Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°15’N 22°45’EAltitude 400–2,169 m Area 44,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe largest massif in eastern Serbia, close to the Bulgarian border; thisis a transboundary IBA, listed as ‘Tchuprene’ (Bulgarian site 002).Habitat-types present include sparse coniferous (spruce Picea, fir Abies)and broadleaved (beech Fagus) forest, sub-Mediterranean thickets, andalpine/steppic pastures. Human activities are limited.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest), Scrub, Grassland (50%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; drysiliceous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland; mesophilegrassland), Wetland (river/stream; raised bog), Rocky areas (8%), Artificial landscape(15%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (60%), Nature conservation/research (10%), Not utilized (40%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important site for breeding raptors and other upland species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International NoneIBA overlaps with Regional Nature Park (Stara planina, 142,000 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Deforestation(commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Firewood collection (C), Forest grazing (B),Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

A management plan exists for part of the site.

740



Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 5 6 A B2


Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1995 50 80 B B21 Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart B 1993 50 80 B B2



Otus scops Scops Owl B 1993 20 30 C B2

Sicevo gorge B2 030Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 43°18’N 22°10’EAltitude 230–1,334 m Area 9,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in eastern Serbia between Nis and Bela Palanka, this limestonegorge contains the Nisava river and supports sub-Mediterraneanvegetation. Vegetation is dominated by hornbeam Carpinus, Syringa,ash Fraxinus and oak Quercus. A heavily used road passes throughthe valley.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (25%; scrub),Grassland (25%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland, Rocky areas (25%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (20%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (5%), Not utilized (50%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%), Water management


■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None860 ha of IBA covered by Regional Nature Park (860 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Burning ofvegetation (B), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Construction/impact ofdyke/dam/barrage (C), Deforestation (commercial) (A), Disturbance to birds (B),Extraction industry (A), Firewood collection (B), Forest grazing (C), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (C), Natural events (C),Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)

Threats include the development of traffic infrastructure andquarrying. A management plan exists for part of the site.

Zlot gorge–Dubašnica B2 031Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°00’N 22°00’EAltitude 270–1,191 m Area 10,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in eastern Serbia and surrounded by the Malinik andDubašnica mountains. The cliffs in the limestone gorge are up to 500 mhigh; screes and diverse vegetation are also present. The Dubašnicaplateau supports dry pasture and beech Fagus forest, interspersed withtypical karst relief. Human activities include husbandry and huntingof large mammals.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest), Scrub(20%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (river/stream; fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (15%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (5%;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (70%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (10%),Tourism/recreation (5%)


An important site for breeding species of forest and forest-edge habitats.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International NoneIBA overlaps with Strict Nature Reserve (Malinik). IBA overlaps withSpeleological Monument (Lazareva Pecina).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Afforestation (B), Burning ofvegetation (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Deforestation(commercial) (C), Firewood collection (C), Forest grazing (B), Groundwaterabstraction (C), Intensified forest management (C)

Resava gorge B2 032Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°10’N 21°45’EAltitude 320–1,339 m Area 9,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA limestone gorge situated in the mountainous area of Juzni Kucaj ineastern Serbia, near Despotovac and Zagubica. Cliffs, rocky terrain,forest (beech Fagus, oak Quercus, hornbeam Carpinus) and pastureare present; a coniferous plantation was recently established. Humanactivities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; treeline ecotone),Scrub (20%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (15%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (river/stream; fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (5%;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Forestry (60%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (10%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport


■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None885 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Klisura Gornje,885 ha). 70 ha of IBA covered by Strict Nature Reserve (Vinatovaca,70 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Afforestation (B), Burning ofvegetation (C), Deforestation (commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Forestgrazing (C), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (U), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are intensified forest management and recreation/tourism.

Dubovac–Ram A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3 033Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°49’N 21°16’EAltitude 68–282 m Area 12,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA section of the Danube flood-plain, situated at the entrance to Ðerdapgorge in the south-east Pannonian lowlands. Natural forests (willowSalix, poplar Populus, ash Fraxinus, oak Quercus), extensive Populusplantations, wet meadows and marsh, and dry grassland are present.There is heavy boat traffic on the Danube.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest; wooded steppe), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (5%; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (60%; tidal river/enclosedtidal water; sand-dunes/sand beach; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves;forestry plantation; urban parks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Fisheries/aquaculture (60%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (80%),Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management (20%)

■■■■■ BirdsThe site is important for breeding, wintering and passage waterbirds,regularly holding 60,000–100,000 individuals during winter and

741



Phalacrocorax pygmeus B 1997 150 250 B A1, A4i, B1i, B2Pygmy Cormorant

Phalacrocorax pygmeus W — 500 1,000 — A1, A4i, B1iPygmy Cormorant

Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 50 70 C B2Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1997 150 200 A B2Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1997 30 50 B B2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1997 200 300 — A4i, B1i

1,2Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis B 1997 10 15 A B2Aythya ferina Pochard B 1996 30 50 B B3Aythya ferina Pochard P 1996 10,000 20,000 — B1iAythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck B 1996 30 40 B A1, B2Bucephala clangula Goldeneye P 1997 1,000 2,000 — B1i

1 Riparia riparia Sand Martin B 1995 15,000 20,000 B B2

1. Main site in Serbia.2. Stable.


Phalacrocorax pygmeus W 1993 150 200 — A1, A4i, B1iPygmy Cormorant

1 Aquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle B 1994 2 3 A B21 Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1994 2 3 A B2



Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1992 80 100 B B2Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1995 50 60 A B2

migration periods. This is also believed to be an important area formigrating storks—during autumn migration in 1985, 2,000 Ciconiaciconia and 100 C. nigra were counted over five days from part of thesite—and also raptors, but further data on numbers are needed. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (resident) and Crex crex (5–10 breeding pairs).



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Disturbance tobirds (C), Drainage (C), Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Part of the IBA is proposed as a Special Nature Reserve (DeliblatskaPeščara, 40,000 ha) and Biosphere Reserve. A management plan existsfor part of the site.

Ðerdap gorge A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2 034Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°27’N 22°10’EAltitude 45–803 m Area 65,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in north-east Serbia on the border with Romania, the sitecovers a section of the River Danube gorge and adjacent belt of land,about 6 km in width and some 100 km in length. This is atransboundary IBA shared with Romanian site 032 ‘Porţile de Fierreservoir’. Human activities include boat traffic on the Danube.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved deciduous forest; treeline ecotone),Scrub (10%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (7%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (5%; standing fresh water;river/stream; fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (5%; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation; ruderalland)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (5%), Forestry (60%), Hunting (5%), Natureconservation/research (95%), Not utilized (5%), Tourism/recreation (10%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Water management (5%)


The site is important for breeding raptors and wintering waterbirds,holding 20,000 or more individuals on a regular basis during winter(45,000 in January 1999). This is also believed to be an importantarea for migrating storks and raptors but further data on numbersare needed. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (wintering), Aquila heliaca (passage)and Crex crex (3–7 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None63,500 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Ðirdap, 63,500 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Burning of vegetation (C),Deforestation (commercial) (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Extraction industry (C), Forestgrazing (C), Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

A management plan exists for the site.

Mala vrbica B2 035Admin region SerbiaCoordinates 44°36’N 22°39’EAltitude 40–90 m Area 2,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of steppe-like lowland in Negotinska Krajina, between thevast Daccian lowlands to the east and the Carpathian massif to thewest. Habitat-types include a fish-pond, dry pasture, high loess bluffsand diverse shrub vegetation. Human activities include cattle-rearing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; wooded steppe), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland(20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (50%; standingfresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (20%; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Fisheries/aquaculture (60%), Hunting (20%),Not utilized (5%)


Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Phalacrocorax pygmeus (wintering) and Aythya nyroca (breeding).



Threats Disturbance to birds (B), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (C),Infrastructure (C)

Durmitor B2, B3 036Admin region MontenegroCoordinates 43°07’N 19°01’EAltitude 500–2,522 m Area 33,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA largely unspoiled mountainous area that includes several lakes andpart of the Tara river gorge. The largest lake is Crno jezero. The nearestsettlement, Zabljak, is a skiing centre.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;mixed forest), Scrub (scrub), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscapeLand-use Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting, Nature conservation/research, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport

■■■■■ BirdsThe B2 criterion has been assigned at the site level as the followingspecies of European conservation concern are present, but in unknownbreeding numbers: Pernis apivorus, Circaetus gallicus, Aquilachrysaetos, Falco tinnunculus, Falco peregrinus, Alectoris graeca, Perdixperdix, Coturnix coturnix, Bubo bubo, Otus scops, Caprimulguseuropaeus, Picus canus, P. viridis, Lullula arborea, Alauda arvensis,Turdus torquatus, Saxicola rubetra, Monticola saxatilis, Phoenicurusphoenicurus, Lanius minor, Lanius collurio, Certhia brachydactyla,

742


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPodiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe W 1996 1,000 6,500 A A4i, B1iPodiceps nigricollis W 1996 4,000 22,000 A A4i, B1i

Black-necked GrebePhalacrocorax pygmeus R — 1,500 2,000 B A1, A4i, B1i, B2

Pygmy CormorantPhalacrocorax pygmeus W 1996 2,500 11,000 B A4i, B1i

Pygmy Cormorant1 Phalacrocorax pygmeus P — 8,000 10,000 — A1, A4i, B1i

Pygmy Cormorant2 Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican R 1998 9 9 A A1Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1998 300 400 B A4i, B1iEgretta alba Great White Egret W 1996 100 600 B A4i, B1iAnas crecca Teal W 1996 1,000 40,000 A A4i, B1iAythya ferina Pochard W 1996 16,000 55,000 A A4i, B1iAythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck B 1998 20 30 B A1Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck W 1996 13,000 45,000 A A4i, B1iAlectoris graeca Rock Partridge R — — — — A3Fulica atra Coot W 1996 65,000 120,000 A A4i, B1iOenanthe hispanica B — — — — A3

Black-eared WheatearHippolais olivetorum B — — — — A3

Olive-tree WarblerSylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler B — — — — A3Sitta neumayer Rock Nuthatch R — — — — A3Emberiza melanocephala B — — — — A3

Black-headed Bunting

1. Autumn passage.2. The only site in Yugoslavia.

Parus lugubris, Emberiza cirlus and Emberiza cia. The B3 criterionhas been assigned at the site level as the following species of Europeanconservation concern are present, but in unknown breeding numbers:Columba palumbus, Strix aluco, Dendrocopos syriacus, Prunellamodularis, Erithacus rubecula, Luscinia megarhynchos, Turdusphilomelos, Sylvia communis, Regulus regulus, Parus cristatus, Cardueliscannabina and Emberiza citrinella. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Crex crex (small numbers breedregularly).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High33,000 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Durmitor, 39,000 ha).32,000 ha of IBA covered by World Heritage Site (Durmitor NationalPark, 32,000 ha).


Threats Deforestation (commercial) (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Firewoodcollection (C), Forest grazing (B), Infrastructure (C), Intensified forest management (B),Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Tourism/recreation has an impact which, though currently limited inits extent, could worsen if further development of skiing facilities takesplace.

Biogradska woods B2, B3 037Admin region MontenegroCoordinates 42°40’N 19°50’EAltitude 800–2,116 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA largely mountainous area in the Bjelasica mountains, includingseveral small lakes and large old-growth forests. The largest lake isBiogradsko jezero. The nearest settlements are Mojkovac and Kolasin,where there is a skiing centre.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;mixed forest), Scrub, Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream),Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscapeLand-use Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting, Nature conservation/research, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport

■■■■■ BirdsThe B2 criterion has been assigned at the site level as the followingspecies of European conservation concern are present, but in unknownbreeding numbers: Circaetus gallicus, Aquila chrysaetos, Falcotinnunculus, Falco subbuteo, Falco peregrinus, Alectoris graeca, Perdixperdix, Coturnix coturnix, Bubo bubo, Otus scops, Caprimulguseuropaeus, Picus canus, Picus viridis, Lullula arborea, Alauda arvensis,Turdus torquatus, Saxicola rubetra, Monticola saxatilis, Laniuscollurio, Certhia brachydactyla, Parus lugubris, Emberiza cirlus andEmberiza cia. The B3 criterion has also been assigned at the site levelas the following species of European conservation concern arepresent, but in unknown breeding numbers: Columba palumbus,Strix aluco, Dendrocopos syriacus, Prunella modularis, Erithacusrubecula, Luscinia megarhynchos, Turdus philomelos, Sylvia communis,Regulus regulus, Parus cristatus, Carduelis cannabina and Emberizacitrinella.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None5,400 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Biogradska Gora,5,400 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Deforestation (commercial) (C),Disturbance to birds (B), Firewood collection (C), Forest grazing (B), Infrastructure (C),Intensified forest management (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (C),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Tourism and recreation impact on the area and could worsen if furtherdevelopment of skiing facilities takes place.

Lake Skadar A1, A3, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2 038Admin region MontenegroCoordinates 42°11’N 19°15’EAltitude 5–100 m Area 40,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large lake (also known as Lake Scutari) shared with Albania(Albanian site 001), situated near the town of Podgorica, with wetlandson the northern side; several rivers supply the lake.

Habitats Forest and woodland, Scrub, Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscapeLand-use Agriculture, Fisheries/aquaculture, Hunting, Nature conservation/research,Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport, Water management


This is a very important site for breeding, wintering and passagewaterbirds, holding more than 20,000 individuals throughout the year.Numbers in winter range from 150,846 to 223,792, and in Novembernumbers on passage regularly average 250,000. Breeding landbirdsinclude six of the 21 species in Europe that are restricted (whenbreeding) to the Mediterranean biome.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial40,000 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Skadarsko Jezero,40,000 ha). 20,000 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (SkadarskoJezero, 20,000 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (A), Disturbanceto birds (B), Drainage (B), Other (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

Large quantities of chemicals are thought to have entered the lakeseveral years ago, with devastating consequences for fish and birds(‘Other’ threat). Many bird species are thought to have suffered largedeclines as a result. Additional threats include fishing and poaching.

Lake Sasko B1i, B2, B3 039Admin region MontenegroCoordinates 41°58’N 19°22’EAltitude — Area 350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small lake south of Lake Skadar (site 038) and part of the Bojana

743


river catchment. It is situated about 10 km inland from the Adriaticcoast, almost on the border with Albania, forming a transboundaryIBA with ‘Velipoja’—Albanian site 013.

Habitats Wetland (standing fresh water)Land-use Unknown


A colony of breeding herons and cormorants existed at Lake Saskoformerly, but shifted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, probably tothe Albanian side of the border, near the Bojana river. Birds from thecolony still visit Lake Sasko regularly to feed. The B2 criterion hasbeen assigned at the site level as the following species of Europeanconservation concern are present during the breeding season, but inlargely unknown numbers: Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Botaurus stellaris,Ixobrychus minutus, Nycticorax nycticorax (20 pairs), Ardeola ralloides,Ardea purpurea, Plegadis falcinellus (a few pairs), Anas querquedula,Falco tinnunculus, Perdix perdix, Tringa totanus, Chlidonias niger,Chlidonias hybridus, Bubo bubo, Athene noctua, Otus scops, Picusviridis, Galerida cristata, Lanius senator and Emberiza hortulana. TheB3 criterion has been assigned at the site level as the following speciesof European conservation concern are present during the breedingseason, but in unknown numbers: Aythya ferina, Erithacus rubecula,Luscinia megarhynchos, Turdus merula, Locustella luscinioides, Sylviamelanocephala, Sylvia communis, Parus lugubris, Corvus monedula andEmberiza citrinella.



Threats Unknown


Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill B — 25 25 — B1i

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax pygmeus N — — 70 — A1

Pygmy Cormorant2 Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole B 1988 75 90 A A4i, B1i, B2

1. Feeding birds from colonies elsewhere. Also occurs on passage.2. Up to 150 pairs estimated.

BALOG, I. (1997) [Results of ringing herons at Bečej fishpond.] Ciconia (Bull.Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 17. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

BALOG, I. (1997) [Breeding of Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus onBečej fishpond.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 40–43.(In Serbian, with English summary.)

BOZIĆ, J. (1995) [Bird fauna of Jablanica and Obnica (west Serbia).] SNIRSBull. Young Researchers of Serbia 10: 37–49. (In Serbian.)

BUDAKOV, L. J. AND BRANKOVIĆ, D. (1996) [Proposal for the protection of the“Zasavica” as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

BUDAKOV, L. J. ET AL. (1994) [Proposal for the protection of the “Stari Begej—Carska bara” as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

BUDAKOV, L. J. ET AL. (1995) [Proposal for the protection of Palić lake as aNature Park.] Belgrade: Institute for the Protection of Nature of Serbia.(In Serbian.)

BUTORAč, B. AND HULO, I. (1992) [Phytocenological, floristic and ornithologicvalues of the “Selevenjska pustara” area as the base for the conservation.]Protection Nature Bull., Inst. Protection of Nature of Serbia 45: 65–76. (InSerbian, with English summary.)

BUTORAč, B. ET AL. (1996) [Proposal for the protection of the “Koviljsko—Petrovaradinski rit” as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute forthe Protection of Nature of Serbia. (In Serbian.)

BUTORAč, B. ET AL. (1996) [Proposal for the protection of the SelevenjskePustare sand as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. (In Serbian.)

DEVIĆ, M. (1995) [Ornithofauna of the fishpond “Uzdin”.] Ciconia (Bull. BirdProt. Study Soc. Voivodina) 5: 32–44. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

DORDEVIĆ, Z. (1994) [Proposal for the protection of the “Klisura rekeTresnjice” as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GAROVNIKOV, B. AND MARKOVIĆ, J. (1980) [Bird fauna of Kozjak—Koviljskirit.] Yugoslavia: The Institute for Protection of Nature of Voivodina. (InSerbian.)

GAROVNIKOV, B. AND POPOVIĆ, E. (1986) [Ornithofauna of the Carska baramarsh.] Bull. Nature, Voivodina 9/10/11: 39–54. (In Serbian, with Englishsummary.)

REFERENCES

GAROVNIKOV, B., GERGELJ, J., ZRNIĆ, D., LECIĆ, B. AND HULO, I. (1997) [Naturalrarities on “Ludasko jezero” area.] Catalogue J.P. “Palic-Ludas” Subotica1–29. (In Serbian and Hungarian.)

GERGELJ, J. AND SITE, T. (1989) [Red-footed falcon Falco vespertinus onKapetanski rit and Jazovo.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina)1: 64–65. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

GERGELJ, J. AND ŠOTI, J. (1990) [Ornithofauna of the fishpond “Kapetanskirit”.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 2: 22–49. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

GRIMMETT, R. F. A. AND JONES T. A. (1989) Important Bird Areas inEurope. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird Preservation (Tech.Publ. 9).

GRUBAč, B. (1988) The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in south-easternYugoslavia. Larus (Zagreb) 38/39: 95–135.

GRUBAč, B. (1994) [Contributions on the status and breeding of the Long-leggedBuzzard Buteo rufinus Cretzschmar 1827 in Serbia.] Protection Nature Bull.,Inst. Protection of Nature of Serbia 46/47: 157–161. (In Serbian, with Englishsummary.)

GRUBAč, B. (1995) [Bird fauna of Zlot Gorge.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GRUBAč, B. (1996) [Bird fauna of Ðerdapska klisura Gorge.] Belgrade: Institutefor the Protection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GRUBAč, B. (1996) [Bird fauna of Jerma Gorge.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GRUBAč, B. (1996) [Bird fauna of Resava Gorge and Beljanica.] Belgrade: Institutefor the Protection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GRUBAč, B. (1996) [Bird fauna of Sićevo Gorge.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GRUBAč, B. (1996) [Bird fauna of Slono Kopovo.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

GRUBAč, B. (1996) [Situation of the Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus in theMediterranean and especially in the center of the Balkans.] Pp. 128–134 inBiologia y conservación de las rapaces. Madrid: Sociedad Española deOrnitología. (In French.)

GRUBAč, B. AND PUZOVIĆ, S. (1996) [Report of bird fauna of ProkletijeMountain.] Belgrade: Institute for the Protection of Nature of Serbia.Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

Ulcinj saltpans A1, A4i, B1i, B2 040Admin region MontenegroCoordinates 41°55’N 19°18’EAltitude 0–0 m Area 1,350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of salt-pans (with fresh water in winter and spring; saline insummer and autumn), largely without vegetation, bordered byagricultural land. Human activities include salt-extraction. The sitelies close to Lake Sasko (site 039) and is a transboundary IBA with‘Velipoja’ in Albania (site AL013).

Habitats Scrub, Wetland (standing brackish and salt water)Land-use Hunting (80%), Urban/industrial/transport


The site is important for breeding and feeding waders, several of whichare species of European conservation concern. In summer 1988,15,000 waders (Charadrii) were counted.



Threats Disturbance to birds (B), Industrialization/urbanization (U)

Due to the presence of the salt-extraction plant, hunting and humandisturbance are controlled, but the industry itself causes somedisturbance, and changes in water-level sometimes flood nests.

744


HAM, I. (1986) [Evaluation of the Deliblato sand sections by ornithologicalvalues.] Pp. 87–104 in [Proceedings of the Deliblato sands.] (In Serbian, withEnglish summary.)

HAM, I. (1989) [Survey of bird fauna of Deliblato sand—Voivodina.] P. 60in [III Symposium of fauna in Serbia Belgrade.] (In Serbian.)

HAM, I. (1989) Changes in heron populations on wider area of the Carskabara. Bull. Arh. Biol. Nauka 41(3/4): 13–14.

HAM, I. (1989) Heron and Cormorant colonies on the Yugoslav sector ofthe Danube (588 km). Bull. Arh. Biol. Nauka 41(3/4): 17–18.

HAM, I. (1989) Influence of elevated water level of the Danube on colonysize of Sand Martin Riparia riparia. Bull. Arh. Biol. Nauka 41(3/4):17–18.

HAM, I. (1992) [Proposal for the protection of the Dubovac flooded area.]Belgrade: Institute for the Protection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublishedreport. (In Serbian.)

HAM, I., BUTORAČ, B. ET AL. (1993) [Proposal for the protection of Ludaslake as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute for the Protectionof Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

HAM, I., MIKUŠKA, J., SCHNEIDER, M. AND GEC, D. (1990) Recoveries andsightings of banded and wing-tagged White-tailed Eagle in Yugoslaviaduring 1985–1988. Larus (Zagreb) 41/42: 69–86.

HEATH, M. F. AND BORGGREVE, C. (2000) BirdLife International/EBCCEuropean Bird Database 1998. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International.

HULO, I. (1997) [Migration of birds from the orders of Gaviidae,Podicipedidae, and Anatidae on the Palić lake between 1981 and 1996.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 51–70. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

HULO, I. (1997) [Stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus on the Kapetanski rit.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 116. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

IRSAI, A. (1997) [Ornithological camp at the Kovilj—Petrovaradinmeadow.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 11–14. (InSerbian, with English summary.)

KANJO, B. (1997) [Notes on ornithofauna of Ribarevo in Gornje Podunavljearea.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 96–99. (InSerbian, with English summary.)

LAKATOŠ, J. (1979) [Bird fauna of Apatin.] Apatin, Yugoslavia: NIIU GlasKomune. (In Serbian.)

LUKAČ, S. (1990) [Great White Egret Egretta alba, nester of Bečej fishpond.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 2: 73. (In Serbian, withEnglish summary.)

LUKAČ, S. AND LUKAČ, A. (1992) [Ornithofauna of the fishpond “Bečej”.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 4: 4–27. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

LUKAČ, S. AND TERNOVAC, T. (1990) [Notes on ornithofauna of SlonoKopovo in 1987–1989.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina)2: 50–63. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

LUKAČ, S. AND TERNOVAC, T. (1995) [Interesting nesting of Great CrestedGrebe Podiceps cristatus and Coot Fulica atra on Jegrička.] Ciconia(Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 5: 24. (In Serbian, with Englishsummary.)

LUKAČ, S. AND TERNOVAC, T. (1997) [Breeding of Red-necked GrebePodiceps griseigena on the Carska bara.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. StudySoc. Voivodina) 6: 111. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

LUKAČ, S. AND TERNOVAC, T. (1997) [Crane Grus grus migration on SlonoKopovo between 1993–1996.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc.Voivodina) 6: 71–72. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

LUKAČ, S. AND TERNOVAC, T. (1997) [Heron colony on the Carska bara.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 115. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

MARINKOVIĆ, S. AND ORLANDIĆ, L. J. (1994) Status of the Griffon VultureGyps fulvus in Serbia. Pp. 163–171 in B.-U. Meyburg and R. D.Chancellor (eds) Raptor conservation today. Berlin: World WorkingGroup for Birds of Prey.

MATVEJEV, S. AND PUNCER, I. (1989) Map of biomes—Landscapes ofYugoslavia and their protection. Belgrade: Natural History Museum(Special Issue No. 36).

MIKALACKI, V. (1997) [Birds of prey of Bečej and surroundings between1994–1996.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 7: 27–29.(In Serbian, with English summary.)

MILOVANOVIĆ, Z. (1996) [Bird fauna of National Park “Ðerdapskaklisura”.] P. 55 in [V Congress on the Ecology of Yugoslavia.] (InSerbian.)

OBRADOVIĆ, R. (1991) [Saker falcon Falco cherrug in north-west Backa.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 3: 48–49. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

OBRADOVIĆ, R. (1992) [Data on nesting of some bird species in the GornjePodunavlje area.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 4:61–62. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

OBRADOVIĆ, R. (1994) [Catalogue of birds of Backa.] Apatin, Yugoslavia:EDG Nikola tesla. (In Serbian.)

OBRADOVIĆ, R. AND MIRIC, M. (1991) [Data on Honey Buzzard Pernisapivorus and Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina in north-west Backa.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 3: 50–51. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

PANJKOVIĆ, B. ET AL. (1997) [Natural values of the reserve on NationalPark “Kopaonik”.] Belgrade: Institute for the Protection of Nature ofSerbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

PAUNOVIĆ, M. AND STAJIĆ, D. (1988) [Bird fauna of Kopaonik in 1988.]SNIRS Bull. Young Researchers of Serbia 52–84. (In Serbian.)

PAUNOVIĆ, M., HAM, I. AND PUZOVIĆ, S. (1994) The wintering of waterfowlon the river Danube (Yugoslavia) 1988–1992. Bios (Thessaloniki) 2:319-324.

PAUNOVIĆ, M., HAM, I. AND PUZOVIĆ, S. (1995) The wintering of waterfowlon the river Danube 1988–1992. Bios (Thessaloniki) 2: 319–324.

PAVKOV, G. AND VIDER-MILOSEVIĆ, V. (1993) [Proposal for the protectionof the “Obedska bara” as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institutefor the Protection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

PAVKOV, G. ET AL. (1996) [Proposal for the protection of the “Saniste velikedroplje” as a Special Nature Reserve.] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

PELLE, I., ŠOTI, J., VASIC, V. AND HAM, I. (1977) [Survey of the ornithofaunaof Slono Kopovo.] Pp. 36–37 in [III Symposium of Biosystematics ofYugoslavia.] (In Serbian.)

PURGER, J. AND MIKEŠ, M. (1984) [Survey of the recorded bird fauna onFruška gora.] Bull. Inst.Biol. PMF, Novi Sad 51–70. (In Serbian.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. (1989) [First survey of bird fauna in Prijepolje area.] P. 92 in[III Symposium for Fauna of Serbia, Belgrade.] (In Serbian.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. (1995) [Historical changes of bird fauna in Obedska bara.]SNIRS Bull. Young Researchers of Serbia 10: 35–49. (In Serbian, withEnglish summary.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. (1995) Balkan Shore Lark (Eremophila alpestris balcanica)Reichenow 1895, in Serbia and former Yugoslavia. Bios (Thessaloniki)3: 72.

PUZOVIĆ, S. (in press) Diversity of breeding birds fauna in Serbia withspecial regards for National Parks. FNNPE Conference, Tara NationalPark.

PUZOVIĆ, S. AND HAM, I. (1991) [White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla at theObedska bara–Donja posavina area.] Bull. Natl Hist. Mus. B43/46: 163–188. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. AND PAUNOVIĆ, M. (1994) [Valorization of ornithofauna evaluationof Bor area (eastern Serbia).] Pp. 139–140 in [Simposium “Nasa ekoloskaistina”, 2.] (In Serbian, with English summary.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. AND PAUNOVIĆ, M. (1996) [Structure, number and distribution ofthe nesting ornithofauna on the southern slopes of Rtanj Mountain (easternSerbia).] Pp. 223–228 in [Simposium “Nasa ekoloska istina”, 4.] (In Serbian,with English summary.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. AND RAŠAJSKI, J. (in press) Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) in Serbiaand former Yugoslavia: distribution and population. II InternationalConference on the Black Stork, Extremadura, Spain.

PUZOVIĆ, S. AND SEKULIĆ, G. (1995) [Bird fauna of Obedska bara 1990–1994.]SNIRS Bull. Young Researchers of Serbia 10: 72–90. (In Serbian, withEnglish summary.)

PUZOVIĆ, S. AND SEKULIĆ, G. (1997) [Current diversity of breeding bird faunain Obedska bara: population and distribution).] Belgrade: Institute for theProtection of Nature of Serbia. Unpublished report. (In Serbian.)

PUZOVIĆ, S., SEKULIĆ, V. AND PAVLOVIĆ, D. (1989) [Black stork Ciconia nigraat Obedska bara 1983–1987.] Bull. Natl Hist. Mus. B43/44: 161–174. (InSerbian, with English summary.)

RAŠAJSKI, J. (1986) [Contribution for breeding bird fauna of Voivodina.] Larus(Zagreb) 36/37: 225–230. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

RAŠAJSKI, J. AND PELLE, I. (1993) [Birds of the Vršač mountains.] Monographsof Matica Srpska, 108 pp. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

SEKULIĆ, G. (1995) [Enclouse to the knowledge of the ornithofauna of Staraplanina.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 5: 45–51. (InSerbian, with English summary.)

SEKULIĆ, G. AND CONGOR, K. (1995) [Bird fauna of central Stara planina inJuly 1994.] SNIRS Bull. Young Researchers of Serbia 10: 21–19. (In Serbian.)

SEKULIĆ, V. AND PERIĆ, V. ET AL. (1986) [Contribution to the ornithofauna ofthe Zlot Gorge area.] Bull. Istrazivac 1: 128–136. (In Serbian.)

ŠOTI, J. (1973) [Ecological characteristics of bird fauna in Koviljski rit. Noteson ornithofauna of Ribarevo in Gornje Podunavlje area.] Bull. Prirodno—matematicki fakultet 3: 109–127. (In Serbian, with Dutch summary.)

ŠOTI, J. (1985) [Ornithofauna of Fruška gora.] P. 112 in [I Congress onBiosystematics of Yugoslavia.] Yugoslavia: Popova Sapka. (In Serbian.)

STEFANOVIĆ, T. (1997) [Breeding of Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca in the Fruškagora.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 6: 23–24. (In Serbian,with English summary.)

745


STEFANOVIĆ, T. AND PUZOVIĆ, S. (1997) [Breeding of Honey Buzzard Pernisapivorus in Bestrement, near Apatin.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc.Voivodina) 6: 25–26. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

TERNOVAC, T. (1991) [Data on the ornithofauna of Jegrička from 1989 to 1990.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 3: 14–24. (In Serbian, withEnglish summary.)

TERNOVAC, T. (1992) [Data of the nesting of some bird species from Jegrička.]Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 4: 63–64. (In Serbian, withEnglish summary.)

TERNOVAC, T. AND LUKAC, S. (1989) [Notes on the ornithofauna of SlonoKopovo in 1986.] Ciconia (Bull. Bird Prot. Study Soc. Voivodina) 1: 26–30. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

TUCKER, G. M. AND HEATH, M. F. (1994) Birds in Europe: their conservationstatus. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International (BirdLife ConservationSeries no. 3).

VASIĆ, V. (1979) [Survey of the bird fauna of the Tara Mountain area (westSerbia).] Bull. Arh. Biol. Nauka 29(1/2): 69–81. (In Serbian, with Englishsummary.)

VASIĆ, V. (1980) [Survey of the avifauna of Lake Vlasina area.] BiosistematikaBelgrade 6(1): 81–107. (In Serbian, with English summary.)

VASIĆ, V. (1995) Diverzitet ptica Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta odmeđunarodnog značaja. Pp. 471–510 in V. Stevanović and V. Vasić, eds.Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od međunarodnog značaja.Belgrade: Biološki fakultet i Ekolibri.

746


Documents

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIAdatazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/IBAs/EuCntryPDFs/IBA2000Vol2pp… · 012 SER012 YU035 Slano kopovo Slano kopovo Serbia 2,660 B1iv, B2, B3 013 SER013