FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Female mammals have two ovaries which are components of both the reproductive and the endocrine system. Therefore, the two main functions of the ovaries are: producing eggs and female sex hormones (e.g. estrogene and progesterone).

Bladder

Urethra

OvaryTuba uterina

Uterus

Vagina

ClitorisLabia minora pudendiLabia majora pudendi

OVARY

Secondary follicleCortex ovarii

Corpus albicans

Primary follicle

Graaf follicle with oocyte

Ovulation

Primary follicle

Corpus luteum

Atretic follicle

Medulla ovarii

Corpus luteum

Tertiary follicle

Arteria ovaricaVena oraricaLymph vessel

OVARY

Primordial follicle (30-50 µm)Primary oocyte with epithelial cells

Primary follicle (50-80 µm)Primary oocyte with uni-layered epitheliumZona pellucida

Secondary follicle (80-100 µm)Primary oocyte with multi-layered epitheliumStroma ovarii → Theca folliculi

Tertiary follicle (100-120 µm)Primary oocyte in cumulus oophorusTheca externa and interna, Antrum

→ Graaf follicle (120-130 µm)Secondary oocyte in corona radiata

TUBA UTERINA

Multi-layered epithelium with kinocilia

1 Arteria2 Mesosalpinx3 Tunica serosa4 + 5 Tunica

muscularis6 Plicae tubariae7 Vena

Ampulla

Infundibulumwith fimbria

Isthmus

UTERUS

(Ante)Versio(Ante)Flexio Canalis isthmi

Isthmus uteriCanalis cervicisCervix uteriPortio vaginalisOstium uteri

Cavitas uteriCorpus uteri

Fundus uteri

UTERUSENDOMETRIUM

Secretion phase

Proliferation phase

1: Epithelium

2: Lamina propria mucosae

3: Glandulae uterinae

4: Tunica muscularis

5: Arteriae spirales

Cycle without fertilization

Cycle with fertilization

1

12

Multi-layered epithelium

Lamina propria withblood vessels (1) andsmooth muscle cells (2)

VAGINA

Lig. suspensorium

A. ovarica

A. iliaca interna

A. uterina

A. pudenda interna

N. pudendus A. pudenda interna

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANSBLOOD SUPPLY AND INNERVATION

Anastomosis

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

LIGAMENTA

Lig. teres uteri

Lig. teres uteriLig. suspen-

sorium ovariiLig. ovarii proprium

Lig. suspensorium ovarii Lig. ovarii

proprium

Lig. latum uteri