fenotipo acidurias

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    Journal of Inherited Metabolic DiseaseOcial Journal of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors ofMetabolism

    SSIEM 201510100!"s105#5$015$%&'%$'

    Ori(inal )rticle

    The phenotypic spectrum of organicacidurias and urea cycle disorders. Part 1:the initial presentationStefan *+l,er1 -)n(eles .arcia /aorla 2- assili alayannooulos'- )llan M 3und#- )lberto 44urlina5-Jolanta Sy,ut$/e(iels,a- 6rits ) 7i8bur(!- Elisa 3e9o :eles&- Jiri ;eman%- /arlo Dionisi$ici10- Iersehone )u(oustides$SaeGa$Huintana'1-Dani8ela >et,o

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    L12/linic for >ediatrics I- Inherited Metabolic Disorders- Medical Nni

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    SerFdiatriKue- /liniKues Nni

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    ASL

    )r(ininosuccinate lyaseASS

    )r(ininosuccinate synthetaseCPS1

    /arbamylhoshate synthetase 1E-HOD

    Euroean netBor, and re(istry for homocystinurias and methylation defectsE-IMD

    Euroean re(istry and netBor, for into?ication tye metabolic diseasesGA1

    .lutaric aciduria tye 1HHH

    yerornithinemia$hyerammonemia$homocitrullinuriaIVA

    Isoroionic aciduriaQ

    HuartileQoL

    Huality of lifeUCD

    Nrea cycle disorder

    Introduction:he clinical resentation of atients Bith inherited or(anic acidurias LO)D and ureacycle disorders LN/D is

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    Since O)D and N/D are rare diseases and most studies ha

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    6or descritiSS LI4M S>SS Statistics 220 Bas used Standard de

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    before the cut$o date for inclusion Lie 1 January 2011 >atients Bith late onset ofsymtoms shoBed more often and more ronounced dia(nostic delay than those Bithneonatal onset of symtoms L:able 1 7ithout aroriate metabolic treatment it isli,ely to assume that in both (rous an un,noBn number of atients died undia(nosed

    Fig. 6reKuency of O)D and N/D in the E$IMD samle )bbreS1-carbamylhoshate synthetase 1Z D- de[ciencyZ .)1- (lutaric aciduria tye 1Z syndr- hyerornithinemia$hyerammonemia$homocitrullinuria syndromeZ I)- iso

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    Patientsper onsett$pe

    #ime to diagnosis after onset of%rst s$mptoms

    &'da$s (&"da$s

    "!&

    ")*da$s

    +")* da$s

    ,n- ,n- ,n- ,n- ,n-

    N/D

    EO & 5! 2 '

    3O 12% !' % 25 22

    MM)

    E

    O '& 2& 2 2

    3O #& 2& # 12 #

    >)

    EO 2! 1% 2 0

    3O 25 1 5 2 2

    I)

    EO 11 # # 1 2

    3O 12 # 0 2

    .)$I

    EO # 0 1 ' 0

    3O ' '1 2 1 1#

    ).S$D

    EO 1 1 0 0 0

    3O 1 1 0 0 0

    />S1$D

    EO ! ' 0 1 '

    3O 5 0 0 2 '

    O:/$DLm

    EO

    1 1 0 0 0

    http://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevancehttp://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevance
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    Patientsper onsett$pe

    #ime to diagnosis after onset of%rst s$mptoms

    &'da$s (&"da$s

    "!&

    ")*da$s

    +")* da$s

    ,n- ,n- ,n- ,n- ,n-

    3O '% 25 # 5 5

    O:/$DLf

    EO ' 2 0 1 0

    3O 52 2& # 10 10

    )SS$D

    EO 2& 2# 1 ' 0

    3O 12 & 1 ' 0

    )S3$D

    EO 1' 11 1 1 0

    3O 12 0 ' '

    )@.1$D

    E

    O 0 0 0 0 0

    3O ' 2 0 0 1

    syndr

    EO 0 0 0 0 0

    3O 5 ' 0 2 0

    )symtomatic atients Bho Bere dia(nosed Bhile bein( asymtomatic Lby neBbornscreenin(- hi(h$ris, family screenin(- renatal testin( or symtomatic atients Bithincomlete clinical data LO)DY #0Z N/DY '# Bere e?cluded from this analysis)bbre

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    atients- the mode of dia(nosis Bas not reorted ) detailed e

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    iseasegroup

    iseasename

    Patients

    ,n-

    S$mptomatic,n-

    As$mptomatic

    ,n-All E/

    0/

    0/

    12oA3

    D

    )S3$D ## '2 1& 5 % 12

    )@.1$D 10 # 1 ' 0

    syndr % ! 2 ' 2 2

    :otalLN/D '#'

    2#2 %1

    110

    #1 101

    O)D N/D :otal !%5

    5#&

    220

    2#'

    &5 2#!

    )bbre

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    disease L)S3 de[ciency- renal disease L)SS de[ciency and O)D renal disease L.)1-sychiatric disease LI)- re$eclamsia L>)- I)- eclamsia L.)1- and eilesy L>)/ardiac roblems Bere not reortede?t- Be studied Bhether there is eostnatal roblems Bere common in O)D Ln ] 111 and N/D Ln ] !2atients- Bith feedin( roblems LO)DY 20 ^- N/DY 1# ^ and hyerbilirubinemia LO)DY% ^- N/DY ! ^ bein( most freKuently reorted Some of these roblems Le( feedin(roblems most li,ely re`ect the be(innin( of a neonatal metabolic crisis- Bhereasothers Le( hyerbilirubinemia are found in the same ran(e as in the (eneraloulation )nthroometrical arameters Bere mostly in the normal ran(e- hoBe

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    is

    easename

    Patientsperdis

    ease

    4estational age

    5od$1eight

    Supinelength

    6eadcircumference

    n n

    7eeks,8edian-

    n

    SS,8edian-

    n

    SS,8edian-

    n

    SS,8edian-

    />S1$D 1&

    1' #0

    1#

    010

    1' 0

    1'

    0'!

    O:/$DLf

    11#

    !1 #0

    !0

    02%

    55 0

    #' 0

    O:/$DLm &2

    ' '%

    5

    0'

    5

    0''

    #% 0

    )SS$D 1

    52 #0

    51

    02#

    ##

    01'

    #2

    0##

    )S3$D ##

    '& '%

    '

    0#!

    '1

    0#'

    2% 0

    )@.1$D 10 &

    '%5 &

    0'

    0!%

    011

    syndr % ! #0

    01& 5

    0#' #

    0!5

    6or descriti

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    Acute metabolic crisis ) clinical presentation and metabolicderangement

    ) metabolic crisis is an acute life$threatenin( e

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    Patientsperons

    ett$pe

    ur

    es

    6$per&e?c

    itabilit$

    /dour

    /ther

    s

    n n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    a O)D atients

    M

    E 5 ' ' 2 ' 2 # 1 ' ! 2 # 2 # ' '

    3 # 2 2 ' 2 2 1 1 1 % 1 1 2 2

    >

    E 5 ' ! 2 1 ' ! 1 # ! 1 2 2 2 1 ' #

    3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 ' 2 ! 1 0 n 0 n 1 1

    I

    E 1 % ! # 5 1 ! ' 2 1 # 1 # 1 5

    3 1 ' & % 5 # ' 2 1 0 n 0 n 2 1 5 '

    b N/D atients

    E 2 1 1 1 2 0 n 0 n 0 n 0 n 1 2

    3 1 1 ' 0 n 0 n 1 ' 0 n 0 n 0 n 0 n

    /

    E 1 ! ' ' 2 ' # ' 2 # # 2 0 n & '

    3 ' ' 1 1 1 1 & 1 0 n 1 1 1 0 n

    O

    E # ' # 2 1 ' ' # 0 n 0 n 0 n 2 '

    3 # ' ! 2 1 5 2 1 & 1 ' 1 0 n 2

    O

    E 1 1 ' ! & ' 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 n & '

    3 ' ' ! 2 5 1 ' 2 2 % ' ! & 1 2 1 '

    )

    E ' 2 ' ! 2 2 ' 1 ' 1 ' # # 0 n 1 '

    3 & ' 5 # 2 1 0 n 0 n 1 # 0 n 2 5

    )

    E 1 1 ' # 5 5 ' # ' % ' ' 2 0 n % 2

    3 5 # ! ' ! ' 1 1 ! 2 2 0 n 0 n 2 2

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    Patientsperons

    ett$pe

    ur

    es

    6$per&e?c

    itabilit$

    /dour

    /ther

    s

    n n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    n,

    )

    E 1 1 0 0 n 0 n 0 n 0 n 0 n 0 n 0 n

    3 ' 1 2 1 ' 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 0 n 1 2

    E 2 2 # 0 n 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 n 1 3 ' 2 5 2 5 1 1 0 n 0 n 1 # 0 n 2 '

    >atients Bith .)1 are e?cluded from this table- since they resent Bith anencehaloathic crisis but not Bith a classic metabolic crisis 6or descriti) atients shoBed astron(er decrease in standard bicarbonate and j less ronounced j in /O 2and L>) only than those Bith early$onset of symtoms L:able 5Z Sul :able 5 In the N/D(rou- early$onset male O:/ atients had a si(ni[cantly hi(her concentration ofammonia- (lutamine- ornithine- orotic acid and lactate- and a loBer concentration of

    standard bicarbonate and citrulline than late$onset atients Similarly- symtomaticfemale O:/ carriers Bho had a neonatal metabolic crisis had a hi(her ammonia andtendency toBards hi(her lactate and loBer than those Bith late onset of symtoms)lthou(h early$onset atients Bith />S1- )SS and )S3 de[ciency also seemed to ha

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    isease

    nam

    e

    Patientsper

    p6p3/

    !

    Standard

    0actate,p-

    4lucose,s-

    Ammonia

    ,p-

    4lutamine

    ,p-

    ons

    ett$pe

    bica

    rbonate

    n

    /nset

    n

    -

    -

    -

    n

    kPa

    n

    mmol20

    n

    mmol20

    n

    mmol20

    n

    @mol20

    n

    @mol20

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    8edian

    MM)

    5

    EO

    #0

    !2!

    '!

    2!

    !L

    k

    2&

    1

    '#k

    ''

    2

    2!

    52

    #2

    '

    2'kk

    1%

    #0!k

    #

    3O

    '0

    !1&

    2' 2

    21

    &2

    1 '

    22

    #5

    2#

    11! !

    !05

    >) 5' EO '# !'1k

    2! '''L

    k

    2 1!#L

    k

    25 25

    2' 5 #' ###k

    1! #

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    isease

    nam

    e

    Patientsper

    p6p3/

    !

    Standard

    0actate,p-

    4lucose,s-

    Ammonia

    ,p-

    4lutamine

    ,p-

    ons

    ett$pe

    bica

    rbonate

    n

    /nset

    n

    -

    -

    -

    n

    kPa

    n

    mmol20

    n

    mmol20

    n

    mmol20

    n

    @mol20

    n

    @mol20

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    ,8edian-

    8edian

    2

    !

    3

    O

    1

    %

    !

    2

    1

    1

    2#

    !

    1

    #

    %

    2

    1

    #

    2

    1

    1

    '

    '

    5

    2

    1

    1#

    2 &

    #2

    5

    I)

    1!

    EO

    12

    !#L

    k

    11

    '51

    10

    20

    10

    1 &

    52

    1'

    2'% 5

    '!1L

    k

    12

    3O 5

    !

    '2 #

    '

    55 '

    1 1

    0! 5

    5

    22

    !0 2

    5&&

    6or descriti

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    arameters ha

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    In late$onset O)D atients- mo

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    Patients(

    n

    )

    Feed

    ingproblems,

    n-

    6epa

    ticmanifestation,

    n-

    Epileps$,n

    -

    8ovem

    entdisorders

    ,n-

    8ent

    alretardation,

    n-

    Ps$ch

    iatricdisorder

    ,n

    -

    Ren

    almanifestation,n

    -

    Ab

    normal753,n

    -

    3ardi

    acmanifestation,

    n-

    /thers,n

    -

    I)

    )/

    12 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5

    B"o 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

    .)1

    )/ #& % 0 ! 1! 0 1 0 0 1&

    B"o

    2 2 0 5

    12 # 0 0 0 0

    15

    ).S$

    D

    )/ 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

    B"

    o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

    />S1$

    )/ ' ' 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 '

    B"o

    2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2

    http://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevancehttp://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevancehttp://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevancehttp://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevancehttp://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevancehttp://link.springer.com.sci-hub.org/search?dc.title=NAGS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevance
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    Patients(

    n

    )

    Feed

    ingproblems,

    n-

    6epa

    ticmanifestation,

    n-

    Epileps$,n

    -

    8ovem

    entdisorders

    ,n-

    8ent

    alretardation,

    n-

    Ps$ch

    iatricdisorder

    ,n

    -

    Ren

    almanifestation,n

    -

    Ab

    normal753,n

    -

    3ardi

    acmanifestation,

    n-

    /thers,n

    -

    O:/$D

    Lm

    )/

    '& % 2 ' # 2 2 0 0 0 %

    B"o # # 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

    O:/$D

    Lf

    )/

    #% %

    12 ' 2 1 # 1 0 0

    1!

    B"o

    1! & 5 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 !

    )SS$

    )/ & ' ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

    B ! # 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 2

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    Patients(

    n

    )

    Feed

    ingproblems,

    n-

    6epa

    ticmanifestation,

    n-

    Epileps$,n

    -

    8ovem

    entdisorders

    ,n-

    8ent

    alretardation,

    n-

    Ps$ch

    iatricdisorder

    ,n

    -

    Ren

    almanifestation,n

    -

    Ab

    normal753,n

    -

    3ardi

    acmanifestation,

    n-

    /thers,n

    -

    "o

    )S3

    $D

    )/ 5 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 '

    B

    "o % 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

    )@.1$D

    )/ ' 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

    B"o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

    syndr

    )/ ' 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

    B"o

    2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

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    Patients(

    n

    )

    Feed

    ingproblems,

    n-

    6epa

    ticmanifestation,

    n-

    Epileps$,n

    -

    8ovem

    entdisorders

    ,n-

    8ent

    alretardation,

    n-

    Ps$ch

    iatricdisorder

    ,n

    -

    Ren

    almanifestation,n

    -

    Ab

    normal753,n

    -

    3ardi

    acmanifestation,

    n-

    /thers,n

    -

    )bbre

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    +hen does the disease start,

    )ccumulation of to?ic metabolites in fetuses Bith O)D and N/D is usually thou(ht to bematernally re

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    Since N/D atients resentin( Bith a neonatal metabolic crisis ha

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    countries are increasin(ly included in neBborn screenin( ro(rammes in Euroe- andsome countries also screen for MM) Lisolated forms- n ] 1Z combined forms- n ] !- >)Ln ] !- )S3 Ln ] and )SS de[ciency Ln ] 5 L4ur(ard et al 2012Z 3oeber et al 2012eBborn screenin( for some N/D L).Sand />S1 de[ciency is technicallychallen(in(- and screenin( of female O:/ carriers results in a dia(nostic and ethicaldilemma E?cet for sin(le diseases such as .)1- there is still uncertainty Bhetheratients Bith O)D and N/D Bill bene[t from neBborn screenin( L*+l,er et al 2007Zerin(er et al 2010 :herefore- more Bor, is reKuired to understand Bhether neBbornscreenin( for MM)- >) and N/D imro

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    anni(an L/3IM4- /hildren 3i

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    Members of the Nrea /ycle Disorders /onsortium- 4atshaB M3- :uchman M- Summar M-

    Seminara J L201# ) lon(itudinal study of urea cycle disorders Mol .enet Metab

    11'Y12!1'0/ross@ef

    4aum(artner M@- +rster 6- Dionisi$ici / et al L201# >roosed (uidelines for the

    dia(nosis and mana(ement of methylmalonic and roionic acidemia Orhanet J @are

    Dis %Y1'0/ross@ef>ubMed/entral>ubMed

    4oy - ae(e .- erin(er J et al L201' 3oB lysine diet in (lutaric aciduria tye I j

    eect on anthroometrical and biochemical folloB$u arameters J Inherit Metab Dis

    'Y5255''/ross@ef>ubMed

    4ur(ard >- @u *- 3indner M et al L2012 eBborn screenin( ro(rammes in EuroeZ

    ar(uments and eorts re(ardin( harmoniation >art 2 6rom screenin( laboratory

    results to treatment- folloB$u and Kuality assurance J Inherit Metab Dis '5Y1'

    25/ross@ef>ubMed

    /handler @J- ;erfas >M- Shans,e S- Sloan J- omann - DiMauro S- enditti /> L200%

    Mitochondrial dysfunction in mut methylmalonic acidemia 6)SE4 J 2'Y1252

    121/ross@ef>ubMed/entral >ubMed

    /haman *)- .roman )- Mac3eod E et al L2012 )cute mana(ement of roionic

    acidemia Mol .enet Metab 105Y125/ross@ef>ubMed/entral>ubMed

    /ole :J L1%%0 :he 3MS method for constructin( normalied (roBth standards Eur J /lin

    utr ##Y#50>ubMed

    /ole :J- 6reeman J- >reece M) L1%%& 4ritish 1%%0 (roBth reference centiles for

    Bei(ht- hei(ht- body mass inde? and head circumference [tted by ma?imum enalied

    li,elihood Stat Med 1!Y#0!#2%/ross@ef>ubMed

    /ole :J- 7illiams )6- 7ri(ht /M L2011 @eubMed

    de *eyer p- alayannooulos - 4enoist J6 et al L200% Multile O>OS de[ciency in

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    atients Bere identi[ed neonatally due to neBborn screenin( LtotalY 1& atients- O)DY1'! atients- N/DY '1 atients or metabolic cascade testin( in hi(h$ris, families Bith are

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    iseasegroup

    iseasename

    Patients

    ,n-

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    As$mptomatic

    ,n-All E/

    0/

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    diabetes in O)D re(nancies L55 and that of arterial hyertension in N/Dre(nancies L' ^ Bas similar to that found in re(nancies in (eneral- ie 2$10 ^ for(estational diabetes L.abbe et al 2012 and #! ^ for arterial hyertension L3iu etal 2014 Other medical roblems Bere only reorted in sin(le cases for N/D heaticdisease L)S3 de[ciency- renal disease L)SS de[ciency and O)D renal disease L.)1-sychiatric disease LI)- re$eclamsia L>)- I)- eclamsia L.)1- and eilesy L>)/ardiac roblems Bere not reortede?t- Be studied Bhether there is eostnatal roblems Bere common in O)D Ln ] 111 and N/D Ln ] !2atients- Bith feedin( roblems LO)DY 20 ^- N/DY 1# ^ and hyerbilirubinemia LO)DY% ^- N/DY ! ^ bein( most freKuently reorted Some of these roblems Le( feedin(roblems most li,ely re`ect the be(innin( of a neonatal metabolic crisis- Bhereasothers Le( hyerbilirubinemia are found in the same ran(e as in the (eneraloulation )nthroometrical arameters Bere mostly in the normal ran(e- hoBe

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    is

    easename

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    ease

    4estational age

    5od$1eight

    Supinelength

    6eadcircumference

    n n

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    n

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    4old tyes indicate statistically si(ni[cant anthroometric arameters- ie loB birthBei(ht in MM) atients and increased head circumference in .)1 atients

    Acute metabolic crisis ) clinical presentation and metabolicderangement

    ) metabolic crisis is an acute life$threatenin( e

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    Patientsperons

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    E 2 2 # 0 n 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 n 1 3 ' 2 5 2 5 1 1 0 n 0 n 1 # 0 n 2 '

    >atients Bith .)1 are e?cluded from this table- since they resent Bith anencehaloathic crisis but not Bith a classic metabolic crisis 6or descriti) atients shoBed astron(er decrease in standard bicarbonate and j less ronounced j in /O 2and L>) only than those Bith early$onset of symtoms L:able 5Z Sul :able 5 In the N/D(rou- early$onset male O:/ atients had a si(ni[cantly hi(her concentration ofammonia- (lutamine- ornithine- orotic acid and lactate- and a loBer concentration of

    standard bicarbonate and citrulline than late$onset atients Similarly- symtomaticfemale O:/ carriers Bho had a neonatal metabolic crisis had a hi(her ammonia andtendency toBards hi(her lactate and loBer than those Bith late onset of symtoms)lthou(h early$onset atients Bith />S1- )SS and )S3 de[ciency also seemed to ha

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    isease

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    mmol20

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    mmol20

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    @mol20

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    ,8edian-

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    isease

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    n

    mmol20

    n

    mmol20

    n

    mmol20

    n

    @mol20

    n

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    ,8edian-

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    arameters ha

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    Patients(

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    Patients(

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    Patients(

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    +hen does the disease start,

    )ccumulation of to?ic metabolites in fetuses Bith O)D and N/D is usually thou(ht to bematernally re

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    Since N/D atients resentin( Bith a neonatal metabolic crisis ha

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    countries are increasin(ly included in neBborn screenin( ro(rammes in Euroe- andsome countries also screen for MM) Lisolated forms- n ] 1Z combined forms- n ] !- >)Ln ] !- )S3 Ln ] and )SS de[ciency Ln ] 5 L4ur(ard et al 2012Z 3oeber et al 2012eBborn screenin( for some N/D L).Sand />S1 de[ciency is technicallychallen(in(- and screenin( of female O:/ carriers results in a dia(nostic and ethicaldilemma E?cet for sin(le diseases such as .)1- there is still uncertainty Bhetheratients Bith O)D and N/D Bill bene[t from neBborn screenin( L*+l,er et al 2007Zerin(er et al 2010 :herefore- more Bor, is reKuired to understand Bhether neBbornscreenin( for MM)- >) and N/D imro

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    anni(an L/3IM4- /hildren 3i

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    Members of the Nrea /ycle Disorders /onsortium- 4atshaB M3- :uchman M- Summar M-

    Seminara J L201# ) lon(itudinal study of urea cycle disorders Mol .enet Metab

    11'Y12!1'0/ross@ef

    4aum(artner M@- +rster 6- Dionisi$ici / et al L201# >roosed (uidelines for the

    dia(nosis and mana(ement of methylmalonic and roionic acidemia Orhanet J @are

    Dis %Y1'0/ross@ef>ubMed/entral>ubMed

    4oy - ae(e .- erin(er J et al L201' 3oB lysine diet in (lutaric aciduria tye I j

    eect on anthroometrical and biochemical folloB$u arameters J Inherit Metab Dis

    'Y5255''/ross@ef>ubMed

    4ur(ard >- @u *- 3indner M et al L2012 eBborn screenin( ro(rammes in EuroeZ

    ar(uments and eorts re(ardin( harmoniation >art 2 6rom screenin( laboratory

    results to treatment- folloB$u and Kuality assurance J Inherit Metab Dis '5Y1'

    25/ross@ef>ubMed

    /handler @J- ;erfas >M- Shans,e S- Sloan J- omann - DiMauro S- enditti /> L200%

    Mitochondrial dysfunction in mut methylmalonic acidemia 6)SE4 J 2'Y1252

    121/ross@ef>ubMed/entral >ubMed

    /haman *)- .roman )- Mac3eod E et al L2012 )cute mana(ement of roionic

    acidemia Mol .enet Metab 105Y125/ross@ef>ubMed/entral>ubMed

    /ole :J L1%%0 :he 3MS method for constructin( normalied (roBth standards Eur J /lin

    utr ##Y#50>ubMed

    /ole :J- 6reeman J- >reece M) L1%%& 4ritish 1%%0 (roBth reference centiles for

    Bei(ht- hei(ht- body mass inde? and head circumference [tted by ma?imum enalied

    li,elihood Stat Med 1!Y#0!#2%/ross@ef>ubMed

    /ole :J- 7illiams )6- 7ri(ht /M L2011 @eubMed

    de *eyer p- alayannooulos - 4enoist J6 et al L200% Multile O>OS de[ciency in

    the liediatr @es Y%1%5/ross@ef>ubMed

    http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.001http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1186/s13023-014-0130-8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC4180313http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC4180313http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25205257http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1007/s10545-012-9517-7http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22971958http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1007/s10545-012-9484-zhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22544437http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1096/fj.08-121848http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC2660647http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC2660647http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19088183http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.026http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC4133996http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC4133996http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22000903http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2354692http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980228)17%3A4%3C407%3A%3AAID-SIM742%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Lhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9496720http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.3109/03014460.2011.544139http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21175302http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.001http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23021068http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a7c270http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19342984http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.001http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1186/s13023-014-0130-8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC4180313http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25205257http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1007/s10545-012-9517-7http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22971958http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1007/s10545-012-9484-zhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22544437http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1096/fj.08-121848http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC2660647http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19088183http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.026http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/pmc/articles/PMC4133996http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22000903http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2354692http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980228)17%3A4%3C407%3A%3AAID-SIM742%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Lhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9496720http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.3109/03014460.2011.544139http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21175302http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.001http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23021068http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a7c270http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.sci-hub.org/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19342984
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    Dionisi$ici /- Deodato 6- @+schin(er 7- @head 7- 7ilc,en 4 L200 /lassical or(anic

    acidurias- roionic aciduria- methylmalonic aciduria and isoubMed/entral>ubMed

    Enns .M- 4erry S)- 4erry 4:- @head 7J- 4rusiloB S7- amosh ) L200! Surroionic acidemiaY clinical course and

    outcome in 55 ediatric and adolescent atients Orhanet J @are Dis

    &Y/ross@ef>ubMed/entral>ubMed

    .utiFrre JunKuera /- 4almaseda E et al L200% )cute liubMed

    berle J- 4urlina )- /ha,raani ) et al L2012 Su((ested (uidelines for the dia(nosis

    and mana(ement of urea cycle disorders Orhanet J @are Dis

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    artin( I- eumaier$>robst E- Seit ) et al L200% Dynamic chan(es of striatal and

    e?trastriatal abnormalities in (lutaric aciduria tye I 4rain 1'2Y1!#

    1!&2/ross@ef>ubMed

    erin(er J- 4oy S>- Ensenauer @ et al L2010 Nse of (uidelines imro

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    omann .6- )thanassooulos S- 4urlina )4 et al L1%% /linical course- early

    dia(nosis- treatment- and reubMed

    *ido J- a,amura *- Mitsubuchi et al L2012 3on($term outcome and interediatr @es 52Y1%%20/ross@ef>ubMed

    *+l,er S- .arbade S6- .reenber( /@ et al L200 atural history- outcome- and

    theraeutic ecacy in children and adults Bith (lutaryl$/o) dehydro(enase de[ciency

    >ediatr @es 5%Y!/ross@ef>ubMed

    *+l,er S- .arbade S6- 4oy et al L200! Decline of acute encehaloathic crises in

    children Bith (lutaryl$/o) dehydro(enase de[ciency identi[ed by neBborn screenin( in

    .ermany >ediatr @es 2Y'5!'2/ross@ef>ubMed

    *+l,er S- /hristensen E- 3eonard J et al L2011 Dia(nosis and mana(ement of (lutaric

    aciduria tye I j reubMed

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    3eonard J- i8ayara(ha

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    3iu J- .alla(her )E- /arta /M- :orres ME- Moran @- 7ilco? S L201# @acial dierences in

    (estational Bei(ht (ain and re(nancy$related hyertension )nn Eidemiol 2#Y##1

    ##!/ross@ef>ubMed

    3oeber J.- 4ur(ard >- /ornel M/ et al L2012 eBborn screenin( ro(rammes in

    EuroeZ ar(uments and eorts re(ardin( harmoniation >art 1 6rom blood sot to

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