Feris haccp

8/13/2019 Feris haccp

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LAPORAN HACCP

ROLADE TAHU ISI DAGING

Disusun Oleh:

Feriskayani Huahaean !"##!#!"$%#

Ilha& Hi'aya !"##!#!"$%#

Nur(aii !"##!#!"$%#

Sinha De)i Purna&a Sari !"##!#!"$%#

Tri Ra*'a)ai !"##!#!"$%#

+ahyu Ek* Ar'yan* !"##!#!"$%#

,URUSAN GI-I

POLTE..ES .E/EN.ES PONTIANA.

!"#$


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ii

LE/0AR PERSETU,UAN

LAPORAN HACCP PADA ROLADE TAHU ISI DAGING DI

INSTALASI GIZI RSUD Dr. SYAIFUL ANWAR MALANG

Telah Disetuui Pa!a Ta"##al $% Fe&ruari $%'(

Clini1al Insru1ur

Ina +ahyurenanin2ias

N0I : #34!"%!5 !""%#! !""%


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iii

DAFTAR ISI

LEM)AR PERSETU*UAN.....................................................................................i+ATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................ii

DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR TA)EL...................................................................................................i,

DAFTAR GAM)AR...............................................................................................,

)A) I PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................'

A. Latar )ela-a"#.............................................................................................'

). Ruusa" Masalah...................................................................................(

C. Tuua"............................................................................................... .........(

D. Ma"/aat...............................................................................................0

)A) II TIN*AUAN PUSTA+A......................................................... ..........1

A. Ha2ar! A"a3sis Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6HACCP7 ...............................1

). De/i"isi Pr5!u- ............................................................................'(

C. )aha" 8 )aha" Pe&uata" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: ................................'0

)A) III METODE PENGAMATAN............................................................((

A. Te;at Da" Wa-tu....................................................................................((

). *e"is Data...................................................................................................((

C. Cara Pe"#u;ula" Data.............................................................................(0

)A) I< HASILDAN PEM)AHASAN..............................................................(1

A. A"alisa Masalah.........................................................................................(1

). Pe"era;a" HACCP ;a!a 9Pe"#5laha" R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: : ..............(1

C. Pe&ahasa" ................................................................................................11

)A) I< +ESIMPULAN DAN SARAN............................................................... ='

A. +esi;ula"................................................................................................='

). Sara"...........................................................................................................=$

DAFTAR PUSTA+A


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DAFTAR TA)EL

Hal

Ta&el '. .arakerisikRisi-5 )aha3a................................................................. >

Ta&el $. +ate#5ri Risi-5.............................6666666666.............................................. >

Ta&el (. Risi-5 !a" Ti"!a-a" +5re-si?Per&ai-a"..............................................'%

Ta&el 0. A"alisis !es-ri;si ;r5!u-................................................................. (1

Ta&el 1. I!e"ti/i-asi )aha3a !a" Cara Pe"4e#aha""3a Pa!a )aha" Ma-a"a".....(=

Ta&el @. I!e"ti/i-asi )aha3a !a" Cara Pe"4e#aha""3a Pa!a Li"#-u"#a"............0$

Ta&el =. A"alisis Risi-5 )aha3a..................................................................... 0$

Ta&el >. Pe"eta;a" &atas -ritis !a" t5lera"si ;a!a setia; titi- -ritis...................0


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DAFTAR GA/0AR

Hal

Ga&ar '.Pe"era;a" Taha; HACCP.................................................................'(

Ga&ar $. )a#a" Alir Pr5ses................................................................................(=


6/76

0A0 I PENDAHULUAN

A6 Laar 0elakan2

Ruah sa-it eru;a-a" salah satu sara"a -esehata" 3a"# ee#a"#

;era"a" ;e"ti"# u"tu- e"i"#-at-a" !eraat -esehata" as3ara-at. Fu"#si !ari

ruah sa-it e&eri-a" ;ela3a"a" 3a"# se;ur"aB &ai- ;e"4e#aha" au;u"

;e"#5&ata" ;e"3a-it 6SalaatiB $%%@7. Pela3a"a" #i2i !i ruah sa-it eru;a-a"

/a-t5r ;e"u"a"# !ala ra"#-a e"i"#-at-a" status #i2i ;asie" 6De;-esB '%7.

Pe"3ele"##araa" a-a"a" eru;a-a" salah satu -e#iata" ;5-5-

;ela3a"a" #i2i !i ruah sa-it. Me"urut PGRS 6$%%@7 ;e"3ele"##araa" a-a"a"

ruah sa-it a!alah suatu ra"#-aia" -e#iata" ;ere"4a"aa" e"u sa;ai ;a!a saat

;e"!istri&usia" a-a"a" -e;a!a ;asie" !ala ra"#-a ;e"4a;aia" status -esehata"

3a"# 5;tial elalui ;e&eria" !iet 3a"# te;atB sehi"##a !i;erlu-a" ;r5#ra

;e"#aasa" ;a"#a" 3a"# -husus !ira"4a"# u"tu- e"ai" -eaa"a" a-a"a"

3a"# !i;r5!u-.

Ma-a"a" 3a"# !ii"#i"-a" &ai- ;a!a taha; ;e&uata" !a" la3a- u"tu-

!ia-a" harus &e&as !ari ;e"4eara" &e"!a&e"!a hi!u; 3a"# sa"#at -e4il 3a"#

!a;at e"i&ul-a" ;e"3a-it atau &e"!a&e"!a ati 3a"# e"#5t5ri ;a!a setia;

taha; ;e&uata""3aB selai" itu u#a &e&as !ari u"sur -iia 3a"# erusa- atau

e"#a-i&at-a" ;eru&aha" 3a"# !ihasil-a" 5leh -e#iata" e"2i !a" -erusa-a"

3a"# !ise&a&-a" 5leh te-a"a"B ;e&e-ua"B ;ea"asa"B serta ;e"#eri"#a"

6htt;??;utra;ra&u.5r!;ress.45?$%%>?'$?$=?hi#ie"e!a"sa"itasi a-a"a"?7
http://putraprabu.wordpress.com/2008/12/27/higiene-dan-sanitasi%20makanan/http://putraprabu.wordpress.com/2008/12/27/higiene-dan-sanitasi%20makanan/


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Sa"itasi a-a"a" eru;a-a" salah satu u;a3a ;e"4e#aha" 3a"# e"iti-

&erat-a" ;a!a -e#iata" !a" ti"!a-a" 3a"# ;erlu u"tu- e&e&as-a" a-a"a"

!a" i"ua" !ari se#ala &aha3a 3a"# !a;at e"##a"##u atau erusa- -esehata"

ulai !ari se&elu a-a"a" !i;r5!u-siB selaa ;r5ses ;e"#5laha"B ;e"3ia;a"B

;e"#a"#-uta"B ;e"3aia" sa;ai ;a!a saat !ia"a a-a"a" !a" i"ua" sia;

u"tu- !i-5"susi -5"sue" 6PGRSB $%%@7.

Mutu ;a"#a" !i"ilai atas !asar -riteria -eaa"a" ;a"#a"B -a"!u"#a" #i2i

!a" sta"!ar ;er!a#a"#a" terha!a; &aha" a-a"a" !a" i"ua". Ma-a"a" 3a"#

&er-ualitas &ai-B selai" ;e"a;ila" 3a"# e"ari-B &er"ilai #i2i ti"##iB u#a harus

&ersihB aa" serta ti!a- e"i&l-a" &aha3a &a#i -esehata". +e&ersiha" !a"

;e"3ehata" eru;a-a" sta"!art utaa 3a"# harus !ila-sa"-a" !ala ;e"3e!iaa"

a-a"a" &erutu !a" aa" &a#i as3ara-at.

U"tu- e;er5leh a-a"a" 3a"# &erutu a-a harus !itera;-a" la"#-ah

;e"#e"!alia" utu se4ara a"!iri. Pela-sa"aa" ;e"#e"!alia" utu salah satu"3a

3aitu !e"#a" e"era;-a" A"alisis )aha3a Titi- +e"!ali +ritisB atau Ha2art

A"al3sis Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6HACCP7. HACCP a!alah suatu ;e"!e-ata" u"tu-

e"#e"al !a" e"#u-ur ti"#-at &aha3aB e"!u#a ;er-iraa" risi-5 !a"

e"eta;-a" u-ura" 3a"# te;at !ala ;e"#aasa"B !e"#a" e"iti- &erat-a" ;a!a

;e"4e#aha" !a" ;e"#e"!alia" ;r5ses ;e"#5laha" a-a"a". 6De;-es RIB $%%'7.

+5"se; HACCP !a;at !a" harus !itera;-a" ;a!a seluruh ata ra"tai

;r5!u-si a-a"a"B salah satu"3a a!alah ;a!a e"u a-a"a" lu"a- 9R5la!e tahu

isi !a#i"#: 3a"# terasu- salah satu e"u 3a"# eerlu-a" ti"!a-a"

;e"#aasa" atau HACCPB -are"a elihat &aha" &a-u &eru;a telur 3a"# re"ta"

terha!a; &aha3a.


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Selai" &erasal !ari &aha" &a-uB &aha3a u#a !a;at ti&ul ;a!a saat

;e"eriaa"B ;e"3i;a"a"B ;e"!istri&usia" !a" ;e"3aia". )aha3a !a;at ti&ul

&ila -ualitas telur ti!a- sesuai s;esi/i-asiB a!a"3a -5"tai"asi !e"#a" &aha" lai"

saat ;e"#a"#-uta" !a" -e&ersiha" &ai- alat au;u" te;at ;e"eriaa".

U"tu- e"#etahui &aha3a 3a"# u"#-i" !a;at tera!i !ari e"u a-a"a"

lu"a- 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: 3a"# !isai-a"B a-a ;e"ulis e"45&a ela-u-a"

;e"#aata" ;a!a hi!a"#a" terse&ut se&a#ai ;e"era;a" HACCP !i I"stalasi #i2i

RSU Persaha&ata".

06 Ru&usan /asalah

A;a-ah !ala ;r5!u-si 5laha" telur &eru;a 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: !i

I"stalasi Gi2i RSU Persaha&ata" su!ah e"era;-a" ;e"#aasa" utu ;a"#a"

C6 Tu7uan

#6 Tu7uan U&u&

Pe"#aasa" utu ;a"#a" ;r5!u- lau- hea"i 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:

sta"!ar e"u a-a"a" lu"a- !i I"stalasi #i2i RSU Persaha&ata".

!6 Tu7uan .husus

Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;r5!u- lau- hea"i 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:

a. Me"!es-ri;si-a" i!e"ti/i-asi &aha3a !a" 4ara ;e"a"##ula"#a""3a.

&. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;e"era;a" CCP

4. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;e"eta;a" &atas -ritis

!. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;ea"taua" CCP

e. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ti"!a-a" -5re-si terha!a; ;e"3i;a"#a" CCP.

D6 /an8aa Peneliian

'. Da;at !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai ai"a" ;r5!u- a-a"a" &a#i ;asie" raat i"a; !i

RSU Persaha&ata".


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$. Da;at e;er&ai-i 4ara ;e"#5laha" a-a"a" !e"#a" ;erhatia" -husus ;a!a

;r5ses 3a"# !ia"##a; -ritis.

(. Me"a&ah ;e"#etahua" ahasisa !ala ;e"era;a" HACCP.


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0A0 II TIN,AUAN PUSTA.A

i6 Ha9ar' Anaysis Crii1al C*nr*l P*in HACCP;

#6 Pen2erian HACCP

Ha2ar! A"al3sis a"! Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6HACCP7 atau A"alisis

)aha3a !a" Pe"#e"!alia" Titi- +ritis a!alah suatu a"alisis 3a"# !ila-u-a"

terha!a; &aha"B ;r5!u-B atau ;r5ses u"tu- e"e"tu-a" -5;5"e"B -5"!isi atau

taha; ;r5ses 3a"# harus e"!a;at-a" ;e"#aasa" 3a"# -etat !e"#a" tuua"

u"tu- e"ai" &aha ;r5!u- 3a"# !ihasil-a" aa" !a" ee"uhi ;ers3arata"

3a"# !iteta;-a". HACCP eru;a-a" suatu siste ;e"#aasa" 3a"# &ersi/at

e"4e#ah 6;re,e"ti/7 terha!a; -eu"#-i"a" tera!i"3a -era4u"a" atau ;e"3a-it

elalui a-a"a". Siste HACCP e;u"3ai ti#a ;e"!e-ata" ;e"ti"# !ala

;e"#aasa" !a" ;e"#e"!alia" utu ;r5!u- ;a"#a"B 3aitu 6'7 -eaa"a" ;a"#a"

6/55! sa/et37B 3aitu as;e-as;e- !ala ;r5ses ;r5!u-si 3a"# !a;at e"3e&a&-a"

ti&ul"3a ;e"3a-it 6$7 -esehata" !a" -e&ersiha" ;a"#a" 6h5les5e"ess7B

eru;a-a" -ara-teristi- ;r5!u- atau ;r5ses !ala -aita""3a !e"#a" -5"tai"asi

;r5!u- atau /asilitas sa"itasi !a" hi#ie"e 6(7 -e4ura"#a" e-5"5i 6e45"5i4

/rau!7B 3aitu ti"!a-a" ile#al atau ;e"3elee"#a" 3a"# !a;at eru#i-a"

-5"sue". Ti"!a-a" i"i a"tara lai" eli;uti ;ealsua" &aha" &a-uB ;e"##u"aa"

&aha" ta&aha" 3a"# &erle&iha"B &erat 3a"# ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" la&elB

95,er#la2i"#: !a" ulah 3a"# -ura"# !ala -easa"

+5"se; HACCP !a;at !a" harus !itera;-a" ;a!a seluruh ata ra"tai

;r5!u-si a-a"a"B salah satu"3a a!alah !ala i"!ustri ;a"#a". Hu&eis 6'=7

&er;e"!a;at &aha ;e"era;a" GMP !a" HACCP eru;a-a" i;lee"tasi !ari


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ai"a" utu ;a"#a" sehi"##a !a;at !ihasil-a" ;r5!u-si 3a"# ti"##i !a" &erutu

5leh ;r5!use" 3a"# ;a!a a-hir"3a a-a" e"4i;ta-a" -e;uasa" &a#i -5"sue".

!6 Prinsi< HACCP

Tuuh Pri"si; HACCP 3aitu

A"alisis &aha3a e"#i!e"ti/i-asi ;5te"si &aha3a 3a"# &erhu&u"#a"

!e"#a" ;r5!u-si ;a"#a" ;a!a seua taha;a"B ulai !ari usaha ta"iB ;e"a"#a"a"B

;e"#5laha" !i ;a&ri- !a" !istri&usiB sa;ai -e;a!a titi- ;r5!u- ;a"#a"

!i-5"susi. Pe"ilaia" -eu"#-i"a" tera!i"3a &aha3a !a" e"e"tu-a" ti"!a-a"

;e"4e#aha" u"tu- ;e"#e"!alia""3a.

'. Me"#i!e"ti/i-asi Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6CCP7. Me"e"tu-a" titi- atau taha;

;r5se!ur 5;erasi5"al 3a"# !a;at !i-e"!ali-a" u"tu- e"#hila"#-a" &aha3a

atau e"#ura"#i -eu"#-i"a" tera!i"3a &aha3a terse&ut. CCP &erarti

setia; taha;a" !i!ala ;r5!u-si ;a"#a" !a"?atau ;a&ri- 3a"# eli;uti

sea- &aha" &a-u 3a"# !iteriaB !a"?atau !i;r5!u-siB ;a"e"B !ia"#-utB

/5rulasiB !i5lahB !isi;a" !a" lai" se&a#ai"3a.

$. Me"eta;-a" &atas -ritis setia; CCP. Me"eta;-a" &atas -ritis 3a"# harus

!i4a;ai u"tu- e"ai" &aha CCP &era!a !ala -e"!ali.

(. Me"eta;-a" siste 5"it5ri"# setia; CCP. Me"eta;-a" siste ;ea"taua"

;e"#e"!alia" 65"it5ri"#7 !ari CCP !e"#a" 4ara ;e"#uia" atau

;e"#aata".

0. Me"eta;-a" ti"!a-a" -5re-si u"tu- ;e"3i;a"#a" 3a"# tera!i.

e"eta;-a" ti"!a-a" ;er&ai-a" 3a"# !ila-sa"a-a" i-a hasil ;ea"taua"

e"u"u-a" &aha CCP terte"tu ti!a- ter-e"!ali.


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1. Me"eta;-a" ;r5se!ur ,eri/i-asi 3a"# e"4a-u; !ari ;e"#uia" ta&aha"

!a" ;r5se!ur ;e"3esuaia" 3a"# e"3ata-a" &aha siste HACCP &erala"

e/e-ti/.

@. Me"eta;-a" ;e"3i;a"a" 4atata" !a" !5-ue"tasiB e"#e&a"#-a"

!5-ue"tasi e"#e"ai seua ;r5se!ur !a" ;e"4atata" 3a"# te;at u"tu-

;ri"si;;ri"si; i"i !a" ;e"era;a""3a

%6 0ahaya Pa'a 0ahan Pan2an

)aha3a !ala ;a"#a"B 3a"# !a;at !i-el5;5--a" -e !alala ti#a e"isB

3aitu &aha3a &i5l5#isB &aha3a -iia !a" &aha3a /isi-. )aha3a &i5l5#is a!alah

&aha3a &eru;a 4eara" i-r5&a ;e"3e&a& ;e"3a-it 6;at5#e"7B ,irusB !a" ;arasit

3a"# !a;at e"3e&a&-a" -era4u"a" atau ;e"3a-it i-a tera-a" 5leh a"usia.

Ceara" i-r5&a i"i !a;at &erasal !ari u!araB ta"ahB air !a" te;atte;at

lai""3a 3a"# -5t5r. Dei-aia" u#a ,irus he;atitis A !a" ;arasit isal"3a 4a4i"#

!a;at &erasal !ari li"#-u"#a" 3a"# -5t5r. Uu"3a 4eara" i-r5&a !i&aa

5leh haa 3aitu sera"##a se;erti lalatB -e45a !a" &i"ata"# ;e"#erat se;erti ti-usB

!a" &i"ata"# ;e&aa ;e"3a-it lai""3a.

)aha3a +iia a!alah &aha3a &eru;a 4eara" &aha"&aha" -iia &era4u"

3a"# !a;at e"3e&a&-a" -era4u"a" atau ;e"3a-it i-a tera-a" 5leh a"usiaB

se;erti resi!u ;estisi!aB l5#a &er&aha3aB ra4u" 3a"# se4ara alai ter!a;at !ala

&aha" ;a"#a"B !a" 4eara" &aha" -iia lai""3a.

)aha3a /isi- a!alah &aha3a -are"a a!a"3a 4eara"4eara" /isi- se;erti

&e"!a&e"!a asi"# 3a"# !a;at e&aha3a-a" a"usia i-a tera-a"B se;erti

;e4aha" #elasB ;e4aha" la;uB ;e4aha" l5#aB ;a-uB ;5t5"#a" -aatB -eri-ilB

sta;ler !a" &e"!a asi"# lai""3a.


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$6 0ahan Pan2an 'an Risik* 0ahaya

Risi-5 &aha3a !ari &aha" ;a"#a" atau a-a"a" sa"#at &era#a ter#a"tu"#

a"tara lai" ;a!a e"is !a" te;at !i;er5leh"3aB !a" ;a!a ;e-a ti!a-"3a &aha"

;a"#a" atau a-a"a" itu terha!a; -erusa-a"B -husus"3a -erusa-a" -are"a

i-r5&a.Uu"3a &aha" ;a"#a" 3a"# u!ah rusa- &erisi-5 e"#a"!u"#

&aha3a &i5l5#is -are"a ter4ear i-r5&a. )aha" ;a"#a" 3a"# &ersi/at u!ah

rusa- uu"3a e"#a"!u"# air !ala -a!ar 3a"# ti"##i sehi"##a u!ah

!itu&uhi &a-teri. De"#a" !ei-ia"B &aha" ;a"#a" atau a-a" !i &aah i"i

&erisi-5 e"#a"!u"# &aha3a &i5l5#is

Ta&el#6 .arakerisikRisik* 0ahaya

.eeran2an 0ahaya .arakerisik

)aha3a A +el. +husus !ari ;r5!u- ti!a- steril u"tu- -5"sue"

&erisi-5 ti"##i 6 &a3iB 5ra"# tuaB atau 5ra"# sa-it 7

)aha3a ) Pr5!u- 3a"# e"#a"!u"# i"#ri!ie"t 3a"# se"siti/

terha!a; &aha3a i-r5&i5l5#isB -iiaB /isi-

)aha3a C Di !ala ;r5ses ti!a- ter!a;at taha; 3a"# !a;at

e&u"uh MO &er&aha3aB eus"ah-a"B

e"4e#ahB e"#hila"#-a" &aha3a -iia

)aha3a D Pr5!u- 3a"# -eu"#-i"a" e"#alai ;e"4eara"

-e&ali setelah ;e"#5laha" se&elu ;e"#easa"

)aha3a E +eu"#-i"a" tera!i -5"tai"asi ula"# selaa

!istri&usi

)aha3a F Ti!a- a!a 4ara e"4e#ah? e"#hila"#-a" &aha3a

5leh -5"sue"

Ta(el !6 .ae2*ri Risik*

.arakerisik 0ahaya .ae2*ri Risik* .eeran2an

% % Ti!a- e"#a"!u"# &aha3a A

s?! F


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I Satu &aha3a ) s?! F

II Dua &aha3a ) s?! F

III Ti#a )aha3a ) s?! F

I< E;at )aha3a ) s?! F

< Lia &aha3a ) s?! FA 6-ate#5ri -husus7

Ta";a atau !e"#a" ) s?!

F

6 /enea


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Pea"taua" eru;a-a" ;e"#u-ura" atau ;e"#aata" tera!al !ari T++

3a"# !i&a"!i"#-a" terha!a; &atas -ritis"3a.Pr5se!ur ;ea"taua" harus !a;at

e"eu-a" -ehila"#a" -e"!ali ;a!a T++. Sela"ut"3a ;ea"taua" se35#ia"3a

se4ara i!eal e&eri i"/5rasi 3a"# te;at a-tu u"tu- e"#a!a-" ;e"3esuaia"

u"tu- easti-a" ;e"#e"!alia" ;r5ses u"tu- e"4e#ah ;ela"##ara" !ari &atas

-ritis. Dia"a u"#-i"B ;e"3esuaia" ;r5ses harus !ila-sa"a-a" ;a!a saat hasil

;ea"taua" e"u"u--a" -e4e"!eru"#a" -earah -ehila"#a" -e"!ali ;a!a suatu

T++. Pe"3esuaia" se&ai-"3a !ila-sa"a-a" se&elu tera!i ;e"3i;a"#a".Data

3a"# !i;er5leh !ari ;ea"taua" harus !i"ilai 5leh 5ra"# 3a"# !i&eri tu#asB

&er;e"#etahua" !a" &eree"a"# u"tu- ela-sa"a-a" ti"!a-a" ;er&ai-a" 3a"#

!i;erlu-a".a;a&ila ;ea"taua" ti!a- &er-esi"a&u"#a"B a-a ulah atau

/re-ue"si ;ea"taua" harus 4u-u; u"tu- e"ai" a#ar T++ ter-e"!ali.

46 /enea


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11

*i-a -eaa"a" ;r5!u- ti!a- ee"uhi s3aratB

;erlu !ila-u-a" ti"!a-a" -5re-si 3a"# te;at.

Pr5!u- &erisi-5 se!a"# Pr5!u- !a;at !i;r5sesB teta;i ;e"3i;a"#a" teta;

!i-5re-si !ala a-tu si"#-at 6!ala &e&era;a

hari?i"##u7.

Pea"taua" -husus !i;erlu-a" sa;ai seua

;e"3i;a"#a" !i-5re-si.

Pr5!u- &erisi-5 re"!ah Pr5!u- !a;at !i;r5ses.

Pe"3i;a"#a" harus!i-5re-si?!i;er&ai-i i-a

a-tu eu"#-i"-a".

Pe"#aasa" ruti" harus !ila-u-a" u"tu- e"ai"

status risi-5 &eru&ah e"a!i risi-5 se!a"# atau

ti"##i.

36 /enea


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12

Pe"4atata" !a" ;e&u-ua" 3a"# e/isie" serta a-urat a!alah ;e"ti"# !ala

;e"era;a" siste HACCP. Pr5se!ur harus !i!5-ue"tasi-a". D5-ue"tasi !a"

;e"4atata" harus 4u-u; ea!ai sesuai si/at !a" &esar"3a 5;erasi.

Tuua" ;e"era;a" s3ste !5-ue"tasi !a" ;e"4atata" a!alah

a. )u-ti -eaa"a" ;r5!u- &er-aita" !e"#a" ;r5se!ur !a" ;r5ses

3a"# a!a

&. *ai"a" ;ee"uha" ;eratura"

4. +eu!aha" ;ela4a-a" !a" ;e"i"aua" 4atata"

!. D5-ue"tasi !ata ;e"#u-ura" e"uu 4atata" ;era"e"t

e"#e"ai -eaa"a" ;r5!u-

e. Meru;a-a" su&er ti"aua" !ata 3a"# !i;erlu-a" a;a&ila a!a

au!it HACCP

/. Catata" HACCP eusat-a" ;a!a isu -eaa"a" ;a"#a" u"tu-

!a;at 4e;at e"#i!e"ti/i-asi asalah

#. Me&a"tu e"#i!e"ti/i-asi l5t i"#re!ie"tB &aha" ;e"#eas

!a" ;r5!u- a-hir a;a&ila asalah -eaa"a" 3a"# ti&ul eerlu-a"

;e"ari-a" !ari ;asar.

)e&era;a -etera"#a" 3a"# harus !i4atat !ala ;e"!5-ue"tasia" a"tara

lai"

'. *u!ul !a" ta"##al ;e"4atata"

$. +etera"#a" ;r5!u-

(. )aha" !a" alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a"

0. Pr5ses 3a"# !ila-u-a"

1. T++

@. )atas -ritis 3a"# !iteta;-a"

=. Pe"3i;a"#a" !a" &atas -ritis


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>. Ti"!a-a" -5re-si terha!a; ;e"3i;a"#a" T++

. I!e"ti/i-asi 5;erat5r

Ga&(ar #6Penera.Pe"e"tua" &atas -ritis setia;

T++

.Pea"taua" &atas -ritis

setia; T++

'%.Pe"eta;a"

ti"!a-a"

-5re-si

'$.D5-ue"tasi !a"

Pe"4atata"

+5"!isi

ter-5"tr5l


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14

iii6 0ahan 0 ahan Pe&(uaan R*la'e ahu isi 'a2in2

a. Tahu ;utih

Tahu a!alah a-a"a" 3a"# !i&uat !ari e"!a;a"

;erasa"&ii-e!elai3a"# !i/ere"tasi. Tahu &erasal !ari Ci"aB se;erti

hal"3a-e4a;Btau45B&a-;au !a"&a-s5. Naa tahu eru;a-a" sera;a"

!ari&ahasa H5--ia"6tauhu7B 3a"# se4ara har/iah &erarti -e!elai ter/ere"tasi.

Tahu telah !i-e"al !i Ti5"#-5-sea- 2aa"!i"asti Ha"se-itar $$%% tahu" lalu.

Pe"eu"3a a!alah Liu A" 3a"# eru;a-a" se5ra"# &a"#saa"B 4u4u !ari

+aisar Ha" Ga52uB Liu )a"#3a"# e"!iri-a" !i"asti Ha".

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Tahu7

Tahu a!alah suatu ;r5!u- a-a"a" &eru;a ;a!ata" lu"a- 3a"# !i&uat

elalui ;r5ses ;e"#5laha" -e!elai 6Gl34"e s;e4ies7 !e"#a" ;ri"si; ;e"#e"!a;a"

;r5tei"B !e"#a" atau ti!a- !ita&ah &aha" lai" 3a"# !ii2i"-a" 6SNI '>7.

Se!a"#-a" e"urut Shurtle// !a" A53a#i 6$%%'7B tahu a!alah #u;ala" ;r5tei"

!ari susu -e!elai 3a"# telah !i;isah-a" !ari &a#ia" 3a"# ti!a- e"##u;al

6he37 !e"#a" 4ara ;e"#e;resa".

Tahu ter!iri !ari &er&a#ai e"isB 3aitu tahu ;utihB tahu -u"i"#B tahu sutraB

tahu 4i"aB tahu -erasB !a" tahu -5ri 6Sar5"5 !a" Sara#ih $%%(7. Per&e!aa" !ari

&er&a#ai e"is tahu terse&ut ialah ;a!a ;r5ses ;e"#5laha""3a !a" e"is

;e"##u;al 3a"# !i#u"a-a".

+5;5sisi 2at #i2i !ala tahu 4u-u; &ai-. Tahu e;u"3ai -a!ar ;r5tei"

se&esar >'$JB se!a"#-a" utu ;r5tei""3a 3a"# !i"3ata-a" se&a#ai NPU se&esar

@1J 6Shurtle// !a" A53a#i $%%'7. Tahu u#a e;u"3ai !a3a 4er"a 3a"# sa"#at

ti"##i -are"a serat !a" -ar&5hi!rat 3a"# &ersi/at larut !ala air se&a#ia" &esar

ter&ua"# ;a!a ;r5ses ;e&uata""3a. De"#a" !a3a 4er"a se-itar 1JB tahu !a;at

!i-5"susi !e"#a" aa" 5leh seua #5l5"#a" uur !ari &a3i hi"##a 5ra"#

!easaB terasu- 5ra"# 3a"# e"#alai #a"##ua" ;e"4er"aa" 6Shurtle// !a"

A53a#i $%%'7

6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?1''@@?F''a/rK)A

)J$%IIJ$%Ti"aua"J$%Pusta-a.;!/seue"4e@ 7
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelaihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecaphttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taucohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakpauhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baksohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hokkianhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkokhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Hanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liu_An&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Han_Gaozu&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Banghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahuhttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/51166/F11afr_BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=6http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/51166/F11afr_BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=6http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelaihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecaphttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taucohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakpauhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baksohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hokkianhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkokhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Hanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liu_An&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Han_Gaozu&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Banghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahuhttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/51166/F11afr_BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=6http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/51166/F11afr_BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=6


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&. Da#i"# sa;i

Da#i"# sa;i 6)ahasa I"##ris beef7 a!alah!a#i"# 3a"# !i;er5leh

!ari sa;i3a"# &iasa !a" uu !i#u"a-a" u"tu- -e;erlua" -5"susi a-a"a". Di

setia; !aerahB ;e"##u"aa" !a#i"#i"i &er&e!a&e!a ter#a"tu"# !ari 4ara

;e"#5laha""3a.

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Da#i"#Ksa;i 7

Da#i"# !i!e/i"isi-a" se&a#ai seua ari"#a" hea" !a" seua ;r5!u-

hasil ;e"#5laha" ari"#a"ari"#a" 3a"# sesuai u"tu- !ia-a" serta ti!a-

e"i&ul-a" '> #a"##ua" -esehata" &a#i 3a"# ea-a""3a 6S5e;ar"5B $%%17.

Larie 6$%%(7 e"!e/i"isi-a" !a#i"# se&a#ai ari"#a" hea" 3a"# !a;at

!i#u"a-a" se&a#ai a-a"a"B seri"# ;ula !i;erluas !e"#a" easu--a" 5r#a"

5r#a" se;erti hati !a" #i"alB 5t5t !a" ari"#a" lai" 3a"# !a;at !ia-a" !isa;i"#

urat !a#i"#.

+ara-teristi- /isi- !a#i"# se#ar sa"#at &er;e"#aruh terha!a; !a3a tari-

-5"sue" u"tu- e&eli !a#i"# 6A&erle et al.B $%%'7. Pe"#uia" -ualitas /isi-

!a#i"# se4ara 5&e-ti/ !a;at !ila-u-a" !e"#a" 4ara e"#etahui !a3a ;utus

Wart"er )ratl2er 6W)7B -e-uata" tari- !ari -5;ersiB -ehila"#a" &erat selaa

;easa-a" 6susut asa-7B ;HB !a3a i-at airB !a" -ee;u-a" -5;5"e" -ualitas

!a#i"# 3a"# !iui 6S5e;ar"5B $%%17.

6htt;??!5se"."ar5taa.a4.i!?;45"te"t?u;l5a!s?$%'$?%(?-ara-teristi-

/isi-!a#i"#sa;i!ara&raha"4r5ss!e"#a" ;e&eria"e"is-5"se"trat3a"#

&er&e!a.;!/7

Da#i"# eru;a-a" su&er utaa u"tu- e"!a;at-a" asa ai"5

ese"sial. Asa ai"5 ese"sial ter;e"ti"# !i !ala 5t5t se#ar a!alah ala"i"B #lisi"B

asa #lutaatB !a" histi!i". Da#i"# sa;i e"#a"!u"# asa ai"5leusi"B lisi"B

!a" ,ali" 3a"# le&ih ti"##i !ari;a!a !a#i"# &a&i atau !5&a. Pea"asa" !a;at

e;e"#aruhi -a"!u"#a" ;r5tei" !a#i"#. Da#i"# sa;i 3a"# !i;a"as-a" ;a!a

suhu =%%C a-a" e"#alai ;e"#ura"#a" ulah lisi" e"a!i %JB se!a"#-a"

;ea"asa" ;a!a suhu '@%%C a-a" e"uru"-a" ulah lisi" hi"##a 1%JB

;e"#asa;a" !a" ;e"##araa" se!i-it e"#ura"#i -a!ar asa ai"5 6Larie

$%%(7.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggrishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daginghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daginghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daging_sapihttp://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/KARAKTERISTIK-FISIK-DAGING-SAPI-DARA-BRAHMAN-CROSS-DENGAN%20PEMBERIAN-JENIS-KONSENTRAT-YANG-BERBEDA.pdfhttp://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/KARAKTERISTIK-FISIK-DAGING-SAPI-DARA-BRAHMAN-CROSS-DENGAN%20PEMBERIAN-JENIS-KONSENTRAT-YANG-BERBEDA.pdfhttp://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/KARAKTERISTIK-FISIK-DAGING-SAPI-DARA-BRAHMAN-CROSS-DENGAN%20PEMBERIAN-JENIS-KONSENTRAT-YANG-BERBEDA.pdfhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggrishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daginghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daginghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daging_sapihttp://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/KARAKTERISTIK-FISIK-DAGING-SAPI-DARA-BRAHMAN-CROSS-DENGAN%20PEMBERIAN-JENIS-KONSENTRAT-YANG-BERBEDA.pdfhttp://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/KARAKTERISTIK-FISIK-DAGING-SAPI-DARA-BRAHMAN-CROSS-DENGAN%20PEMBERIAN-JENIS-KONSENTRAT-YANG-BERBEDA.pdfhttp://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/KARAKTERISTIK-FISIK-DAGING-SAPI-DARA-BRAHMAN-CROSS-DENGAN%20PEMBERIAN-JENIS-KONSENTRAT-YANG-BERBEDA.pdf


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Pe"3i;a"a" !a#i"# ;a!a te;eratur !i"#i" !i;erlu-a" u"tu- e"#rua"#i

-5"tai"asi atau e"#e"!ali-a" -erusa-a" !a" ;er-e&a"#a" 5r#a"ise.

+erus-a" !a#i"# !a;at !i;er-e4il !e"#a" 4ara ;e"3i;a"a" !ala &e"tu- &elu

!i;5t5"#;5t5"#. Me"urut S5e;ar"5 6'=7 ;e&e-ua" ti!a- e;u"3ai

;e"#aruh 3a"# &erarti terha!a; si/at -ualitati/ au;u" 5r#a"5le;ti- terasu-

ar"aB /la,5r !a" -a!ar us !a#i"# setelah ;easa-a". Pe"3i;a"a" &e-u ;a!a

te;eratur !i &aah '%%C a-a" sa"#at e"uru"-a" atau e"#ha&at

;ertu&uha" i-r55r#a"ise ;utre/a-ti/ !a" ;e&usu- 6F5rrest et al. '=1 !a"

)rat2ler et al. '== !ala S5e;ar"5 $%%17. +eu"tu"#a" !ari te;eratur !i &aah

titi- &e-u !ala e;er;a"a"# a-tu si;a" !ari !a#i"# 4e"!eru"# !ii&a"#i

!e"#a" e-su!asi 4aira" 6!ri;7 ;a!a ;r5ses ;eleleha" 6thai"#7. Pr5tei"B ;e;ti!aB

asa ai"5B asa la-tat ;uri"B ,itai" ) -5;le-s !a" &er&a#ai #ara a!alah

!ia"tara 2at2at 3a"# e"3usu" 4aira" leleha" 6!ri; /lui!7 6Larie $%%(7.

+ehila"#a" "utrie" !a#i"# &e-u tera!i selaa ;e"3e#ara" -e&aliB 3aitu a!a"3a

"utrie" 3a"# larut !ala air !a" hila"# &ersaa 4aira" !a#i"# 3a"# -euar

6e-su!asi 4aira"7 3a"# la2i !ise&ut !ri;6S5e;ar"5 '=7. Pe"3e#ara" -e&ali

!a#i"# &e-u !a;at !ila-u-a" !e"#a" 4ara atau ;era"taraa" u!ara !i"#i"B air

ha"#atB air ;a!a te;eratur -aarB ;ea"asa"? ;easa-a" la"#su"# ta";a

;e"3e#ara" !a" u!ara ter&u-a. Da#i"# &e-u 3a"# su!ah se#ar -e&ali !a;at

!i&e-u-a" -e&aliB teta;i harus e;erhati-a" te;eratur !a#i"# !a" laa"3a

!a#i"# &e-u ;a!a -5"!isi se#ar.

6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?11=1?&a&J$%ii.

J$%ti"aua"J$%;usta-a.;!/seue"4e( 7

4. Telur

Telur a!alah salah satu &aha" a-a"a" hea"i 3a"# !i-5"susi selai"

!a#i"#B i-a" !a" susu. Uu"3a telur 3a"# !i-5"susi &erasal !ari e"ise"is

&uru"#B se;erti a3aB&e&e-B

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?TelurKJ$>a-a"a"J$ 7

Telur eru;a-a" ;r5!u- ;eter"a-a" 3a"# e&eri-a" su&a"#a" &esar

&a#i ter4a;ai"3a -e4u-u;a" #i2i as3ara-at. Se&utir telur e"#a"!u"# 2at #i2i

3a"# le"#-a; !a" u!ah !i4er"a. Telur eru;a-a" &aha" ;a"#a" 3a"# sa"#at
http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55759/BAB%20II.%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=3http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55759/BAB%20II.%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=3http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makanan_hewani&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daginghttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikan_(makanan)&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burunghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayamhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebekhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telur_(makanan)http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55759/BAB%20II.%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=3http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55759/BAB%20II.%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=3http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makanan_hewani&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daginghttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikan_(makanan)&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burunghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayamhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebekhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telur_(makanan)


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&ai- u"tu- a"a- a"a- 3a"# se!a"# tu&uh !a" eerlu-a" ;r5tei" !ala

ulah 4u-u; &a"3a-. Telur u#a sa"#at &ai- !i-5"susi 5leh i&u 3a"# se!a"#

hailB i&u 3a"# e"3usui !a" 5ra"# 3a"# se!a"# sa-it. Se&utir telur ter!iri !ari

''J -ulit telurB 1>J ;utih telur !a" ('J -u"i"# telur. Se&utir telur e "#a"!u"#

@ = #ra ;r5tei"B %B@ #ra -ar&5hi!ratB 1 #ra lea-B ,itai" !a" i"eral.

Pr5tei" telur eru;a-a" ;r5tei" 3a"# &erutu ti"##i !a" u!ah !i4er"a. Dala

telur ;r5tei" le&ih &a"3a- ter!a;at ;a!a -u"i"# telurB 3aitu se&a"3a- '@B1J

se!a"#-a" ;a!a ;utih telur se&a"3a- '%BJ. +a"!u"#a" lea- ;a!a telur se-itar

1 #ra. Ha;ir seua lea- !i !ala telur ter!a;at ;a!a -u"i"# telurB 3aitu

e"4a;ai ($JB se!a"#-a" ;a!a ;utih telur ter!a;at lea- !ala ulah se!i-it.

Lea- ;a!a telur ter!iri !ari tri#liseri!a 6lea- "etral7B /5s/5li;i!a 6uu"3a

&eru;a lesiti"7 !a" -5lester5l. *ulah asa lea- ti!a- e"uh le&ih ti"##i

!i&a"!i"#-a" !e"#a" 3a"# ter!a;at ;a!a ;r5!u- hea" . Fu"#si tri#liseri!a !a"

/5s/5li;i!a uu"3a e"3e!ia-a" e"er#i 3a"# !i;erlu-a" u"tu- a-ti,itas sehari

hari.

Telur e"#a"!u"# ha;ir seua ,itai" -e4uali ,itai" C. %J

6htt;??e;ri"ts.u"!i;.a4.i!?'@'(? 7.

Salah satu 4ara u"tu- e"4e#ah ;e"ulara" sal5"ella a!alah ti!a-

e"#-5"susi telur sete"#ah ata"# atau e"tah -are"a ;r5ses ;easa-a" &isa

e&u"uh &a-teri. Suhu ;easa-a" telur i"ial =' C.
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/16139/http://eprints.undip.ac.id/16139/


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18

6htt;??.i-ata"a;5te-eri"!5"esia."et?;hara43"es?(0

;hara43"es?'(>( as;a!ai-5"tai"asi&a-teri;a!atelur.htl7.

!. W5rtel

W5rtel atau Carr5t 6Dau4us 4ar5ta L.7 &u-a" ta"aa" asli

I"!5"esiaBelai"-a" &erasal !ari luar "e#eri 3a"# &eri-li se!a"# 6su& tr5;is7.

Me"urut searah"3aB ta"aa" 5rtel &erasal !ari Tiur De-at !a" Asia Te"#ah.

Ta"aa" i"i !iteu-a" tu&uh liar se-itar @.1%% tahu" 3a"# lalu

6Ru-a"a.'17B

Ta"aa" 5rtel &eru;a ru;ut 3a"# e"3i;a" 4a!a"#a" a-a"a"

!ala &e"tu- u&i !i !ala ta"ah. )ata"#"3a ;e"!e- !a" &era-ar tu"##a"# 3a"#

/u"#si"3a &eru&ah e"a!i u&i &ulat !a" ea"a"#. )a#ia" u&i 3a"#

ea"a"# &erar"a -eeraha"eraha" i"ilah 3a"# !i-5"susi

6Setiaa"B'17.

Rasa"3a re"3ahB a#a- a"is !a" e"a- !ia-a" la"#su"# e"tahe"tah.

War"a u&i"3a 3a"# -u"i"# -eeraheraha" itu e;u"3ai -a!ar Car5te"e A

6;r5,itai" A7 3a"# sa"#at ti"##i selai" su&er ,itai" AB u&i 5rtel u#a

e"#a"!u"# ,itai" )B ,itai" CB Mi"eral 6S5eit5B ''7.

Di I"!5"esia 5rtel uu"3a !ita"a !i !atara" ti"##i ;a!a -eti"##ia"

a"tara '%%%'$%% eter !i atas ;eru-aa" laut 6!;l7. Mes-i;u" !ei-ia"

5rtel !a;at ;ula !ita"a !i !atara" e!iu 3a"# -eti"##ia""3a le&ih !ari 1%%

!;lB "au" ;r5!u-si !a" -ualitas"3a -ura"# euas-a". Ta"aa" 5rtel

e&utuh-a" li"#-u"#a" tu&uh 3a"# suhu u!ara"3a !i"#i" !a" le&a&. Di

"e#ara"e#ara 3a"# &eri-li se!a"# 6su& tr5;is7 ;er-e4a&aha" &e"ih 5rtel

e&utuh-a" suhu i"iu C !a" a-siu $%C. Nau" u"tu-

;ertu&uha" !a" ;r5!u-si u&i 3a"# 5;tial e&utuh-a" suhu u!ara a"tara

'1B@ $'B'C. Suhu u!ara 3a"# terlalu ti"##i 6;a"as7 seri"#-ali e"3e&a&-a"

u&i"3a -e4il-e4il 6a&"5ral7 !a" ar"a"3a ;u4at atau -usa. Se&ali-"3a &ila

suhu terlalu re"!ah 6sa"#at !i"#i"7B a-a u&i 3a"# ter&e"tu- e"a!i ;a"a"#

!a" -e4il 6Setiaa"B '17.

6htt;??re;5sit5r3.usu.a4.i!?&itstrea?'$(01@=>?$1(1%?0?Cha;ter

J$%II.;!/7
http://www.ikatanapotekerindonesia.net/pharmacy-news/34-pharmacynews/1383http://www.ikatanapotekerindonesia.net/pharmacy-news/34-pharmacynews/1383http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25350/4/Chapter%20II.pdfhttp://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25350/4/Chapter%20II.pdfhttp://www.ikatanapotekerindonesia.net/pharmacy-news/34-pharmacynews/1383http://www.ikatanapotekerindonesia.net/pharmacy-news/34-pharmacynews/1383http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25350/4/Chapter%20II.pdfhttp://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25350/4/Chapter%20II.pdf


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W5rtel seri"# !ia"/aat-a" se&a#ai &aha" ;a"#a" sa3urB ;ear"a

a-a"a" !a" i"ua"B serta &aha" raua" 5&at tra!isi5"al. U&i 5rtel

e"#a"!u"# ti#a elee" ;e"ti"#B 3aitu &eta-ar5te"B ,itai" AB !a"

/it5-ei-alia. )eta-ar5te" !a;at !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai ;ear"a a-a"a"B selai" itu

!a;at e"#ura"#i -erusa-a" -ulit a-i&at si"ar atahari. +a"!u"#a" ,itai" A

selai" &er#u"a u"tu- -esehata" ata u#a !a;at e;er-uat e&ra" sel sehi"#a

le&ih -uat elaa" ;e"3a-it 3a"# !ia-i&at-a" i-r55r#a"ise. Se!a"#-a"

/it5-ei-alia !a;at e"#ura"#i resi-5 str5-eB e"#hi"!ari ;r5ses ;e"uaa" !i"iB

e"a#a -esei&a"#a" eta&5lise h5r5"alB !a" &er;era" se&a#ai a"ti ,irus

serta a"ti &a-teri 6Pit55 $%%@7. W5rtel u#a e"#a"!u"# i"eral CaB PB +B !a"

serat 3a"# &ai- &a#i tu&uh 6N5,ar3 '=7.

6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?11@'$?&a&J$%ii

J$%ti"aua"J$%;usta-a.;!/seue"4e0 7

e. Dau" &aa"#

Dau" &aa"# eru;a-a" e"is sa3ura" !ari -el5;5- &aa"# 3a"#

&a"3a- !i#u"a-a" !ala asa-a". Dala se"i asa- I"!5"esiaB !au" &aa"#

&isa !iteu-a" isal"3a !ala arta&a- telurB se&a#ai &a#ia" !ari s5;B atau

se&a#ai &u&u ta&ur se;erti ;a!a s5t5.

Dau" &aa"# se&e"ar"3a istilah uu 3a"# !a;at ter!iri !ari s;esies

3a"# &er&e!a. *e"is 3a"# ;ali"# uu !iu;ai a!alah&aa"# !au"6Allium

fistulosum7. *e"is lai""3a a!alahA. ascalonicumB 3a"# asih see"is

!e"#a"&aa"# erah. +a!a"#-a!a"#&aa"# ;rei u#a !ise&ut se&a#ai !au"

&aa"#.

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Dau"K&aa"# 7

/. )aa"#

)aa"# eru;a-a" istilah uu &a#i se-el5;5- tu&uha" ;e"ti"#

&a#i a"usia 3a"# terasu- !ala #e"usAllium. U&iB !au"B atau&u"#a&aa"#

!ia"/aat-a" se&a#ai sa3ura"atau se&a#ai re;ahre;ahB ter#a"tu"#

&a#aia"a -ita ea"!a"#"3a.
http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55612/BAB%20II%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=4http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55612/BAB%20II%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=4http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telur_(makanan)http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telur_(makanan)http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotohttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bawang_daun&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawang_merahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bawang_prei&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun_bawanghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rempah-rempahhttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55612/BAB%20II%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=4http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55612/BAB%20II%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf?sequence=4http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telur_(makanan)http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotohttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bawang_daun&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawang_merahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bawang_prei&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun_bawanghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rempah-rempah


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)aa"# ;utih a!alah "aata"aa"!ari #e"usAlliuse-ali#us "aa

!ari u&i 3a"# !ihasil-a". U&i !ari ta"aa" &aa"# ;utih eru;a-a" &aha"

utaa u"tu- &u&u !asar asa-a" I"!5"esia. )aa"# e"tah ;e"uh !e"#a"

se"3aase"3aa sul/urB terasu- 2at -iia 3a"# !ise&ut allii"3a"# e&uat

&aa"# ;utih e"tah terasa #etir atau a"#ur. )aa"# ;utih !i#u"a-a"

se&a#ai&u&u3a"# !i#u"a-a" ha;ir !i setia; a-a"a" !a" asa-a" I"!5"esia.

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?)aa"#K;utih 7

)aa"# erah6Allium cepaL. +el5;5- A##re#atu7 a!alah see"ista"aa" 3a"# e"a!i &u&u &er&a#ai asa-a" Asia Te"##ara !a" !u"ia.

Ora"#*aae"#e"al"3a se&a#aibrambang. )a#ia" 3a"# ;ali"# &a"3a-!ia"/aat-a" a!alahu&iB es-i;u" &e&era;a tra!isi -uli"er u#a e"##u"a-a"!au" serta ta"#-ai &u"#a"3a se&a#ai &u&u ;e"3e!a; asa-a". Ta"aa" i"i

!i!u#a &erasal !ari !aerah Asia Te"#ah !a" Asia Te"##ara.

)aa"# #5re"# a!alah &aa"# erah 3a"# !iiris ti;is !a" !i#5re"#

!e"#a" i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# &a"3a-. Pa!a uu"3aB asa-a" I"!5"esia

&eru;as5t5!a"su;e"##u"a-a" &aa"# #5re"# se&a#ai ;e"3e!a; sea-tu!ihi!a"#-a".

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?)aa"#Kerah7

#. Gara

Gara a!alah se"3aa atau i5" ;5siti/ &asa !e"#a" i5" "e#ati,e asaB

isal"3a "atriu -l5ri!a 6NaCl7B a5"iu -l5ri!aB !a" "atriu asetat. Gara

!i&uat !e"#a" 4ara4ara &eri-ut Pe"etrala" laruta" asa 5leh laruta" &asaB

!isusul !e"#a" ;e"#ua;a" !a" ;e"#-ristala". Dua laruta" #araB -are"a

;e"#e"!a;a" salah satu ;r5!u- 6"atriu -l5ri!a ;era- "itratB ;era- -l5ri!a

;ra-tis seua"3a e"#e"!a;7. Peleleha" 5-si!a &asa atau se"3aa !ari 5-si!a

asa atau se"3aa"3a. Pa!a ;r5ses i"i -ar&5" !i5-si!aB a5"ia-B !a" air a-a"

terusir se&a#ai #as. Rea-si a"tara l5#a !a" u"sur &u-a" l5#a 6!e"#a"

;ea"asa" isal"3a &esi !a" &elera"#7.

Gara 3a"# !i;a-ai 3aitu #ara &er35!iu. Gara &er35!iu a!alah

#ara 3a"# telah !i;er-a3a !e"#a" 35!iu 3a"# !i&utuh-a" tu&uh u"tu-

;ertu&uha" !a" -e4er!asa". Gara &er35!iu 3a"# !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai #ara
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanamanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allium&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliinhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbu_dapurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawang_putihhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Jawahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suphttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawang_merahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanamanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allium&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliinhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbu_dapurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawang_putihhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Jawahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suphttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawang_merah


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-5"susi harus ee"uhi sta"!ar "asi5"al i"!5"esia 6SNI7 a"tara lai"

e"#a"!u"# 35!iu se&esar (% 8 >% ;; 6De;-es RIB $%%%7.

Sta"!ar utu 3a"# harus !i;e"uhi 5leh ;r5!use" #ara a!alah -a"!u"#a"

NaCl u"tu- #ara -5"susi a"usia ti!a- &5leh le&ih re"!ah !ari = J u"tu-

#ara -elas satuB !a" ti!a- -ura"# !ari 0 J u"tu- #ara -elas !ua. Ti"#-at

-ele&a&a" !is3arat-a" &er-isar %B1J !a" se"3aa SO0 ti!a- ele&ihi &atas

$B%J. +a!ar i5!iu &er-isar (% >% ;;. 6 SNI %'(11@' 6Gara !a;ur7 7.

6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?GaraK6-iia7

Gara !a;ur a!alah see"is i"eral 3a"# la2i !ia-a" a"usia.

)e"tu-"3a -ristal ;utihB seri"#-ali !ihasil-a" !ariair laut. )iasa"3a #ara !a;ur

3a"# terse!ia se4ara uu a!alah Natriu -l5ri!a 6NaCl7. Gara sa"#at

!i;erlu-a" tu&uhB "au" &ila !i-5"susi se4ara &erle&iha" !a;at e"3e&a&-a"

&er&a#ai ;e"3a-itB terasu- te-a"a" !arah ti"##i 6hi;erte"si7. Selai" itu #ara

u#a !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"#aet-a" a-a"a" !a" se&a#ai &u&u. U"tu-

e"4e#ah ;e"3a-it#5"!5-B #ara !a;ur u#a seri"# !ita&ahi 35!iu. Dala

#ara !a;ur ter-a"!u"# u"sur s5!iu !a" 4hl5r 6NaCl7. U"sur s5!iu i"i

;e"ti"# u"tu- e"#atur -esei&a"#a" 4aira" !i !ala tu&uhB selai" &ertu#as

!ala tra"sisi sara/ !a" -era 5t5t. +ita &5leh ti!a- a-a" #araB asal a!a

s5!iu !ala e"u haria". )a"3a- e"u haria" 3a"# e"3i;a" s5!iu !a" itu

su!ah &isa e"4u-u;i -e&utuha" tu&uh.

Nau"B 5leh -are"a s5!iu 3a"# se4ara alai ter-a"!u"# !ala &aha"

a-a"a" ti!a- &eri-ata" !e"#a" 4hl5rB ta- e&eri 4ita rasa asi" ;a!a li!ah -ita.

Itu &erartiB -e"!ati e"u 3a"# -ita -5"susi ta";a #ara atau ta- &er4ita rasa

asi"B ti!a- &era-"a tu&uh ta- e;er5leh -e4u-u;a" s5!iu. Gara !a;at

!i-ata-a" &ai- i-a ee"uhi s;esi/i-asi a"tara lai"B ar"a ;utih &ersihB

e"#a"!u"# -a!ar i5!iu (%;; 8 >% ;;B -eri"#.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_(kimia)http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_lauthttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_kloridahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekanan_darah_tinggihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondokhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_(kimia)http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_lauthttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_kloridahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekanan_darah_tinggihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondok


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Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" #ara &er35!iu 3a"# &e"ar a!alah !ala a!ah

-eri"# !a" tertutu; ra;at serta terhi"!ar !ari si"ar atahari la"#su"# au;u"

;a"as a;i. Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" !a;at e;e"#aruhi -a!ar 35!at !ala #ara

&er35!iu. Te;at 3a"# ;ali"# sta&il 3aitu t5;les ;lasti4 tertutu;B -eu!ia""

t5;les ;lasti4 ter&u-a !ala -ul-asB !i i-uti -easa" ;lasti4 ter&u-a !ala

-ul-asB t5;les ;lasti4 ter&u-aB !a" -easa" ;lasti4 ter&u-a.

Dala ;r5ses ;e"#5laha" a-a"a" ;e"##u"aa" #ara se&ai-"3a

!iasu--a" setelah asa-a" ata"# !a" !ia"#-at !ari su&er ;a"as. Hal i"i

!ia-su!-a" a#ar -a"!u"#a" 35!iu !ala #ara ti!a- hila"#.

+5"se"trasi #ara '%'$J a-a" !a;at e"#ha&at i-r55r#a"ise

;at5#e"B terasu- Clostridium botulinum !e"#a" ;e"#e4ualia" Streptococcus

aureus. Walau;u" !ei-ia" &e&era;a i-r55r#a"ise 6Leuconostoc !a"

Lactobasilus7 !a;at tu&uh 4e;at !e"#a" a!a"3a #ara !a" ter&e"tu-"3a asa

u"tu- e"#ha&at i-r55r#a"ise 3a"# ti!a- !i-ehe"!a-i. Gara 3a"#

e;e"#aruhi a-ti/itas air 6A7 !a;at e"#e"!ali-a" ;ertu&uha"

i-r55r#a"ise 6Wi-i;e!iaB $%%=7.

h. Gula

Gula a!alah satu istilah &a#i se-elas -ristal-ar&5hi!rat 3a"# &5leh

!ia-a"B terutaa su-r5saB la-t5saB !a" /ru-t5sa!i4iri-a" 5leh suatu rasaa"is.

Di !ala a-a"a"B #ula -e&a"3a-a" !iruu- ha;irha;ir e-slusi/ eruu-

-e;a!a su-r5saB 3a"# utaa"3a !ata"# !ari Gula te&u!a"#ula &it. Gula lai"

!i#u"a-a" !i !ala i"!ustri ;e"3e!iaa" a-a"a"B teta;i ia &iasa"3a !i-etahui

5leh "aa"aa 3a"# le&ih s;esi/i- "aa"aa #lu-5saB/ru-t5sa atau #ula

&uahB air #ula a#u"# /ru-t5sa ti"##iB !ll.

6htt;??s.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Gula7

Gula eru;a-a" salah satu su&er e"er#i 3a"# !i&utuh-a" a"usia !ala

-ehi!u;a" seharihariB !a" i";ut ;e"ti"# !ala i"!ustri a-a"a" !a" i"ua"
http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalhttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrathttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukrosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manis&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makananhttp://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gula_tebu&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gula_bit&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_gula_jagung_fruktosa_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalhttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrathttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukrosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manis&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makananhttp://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gula_tebu&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gula_bit&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruktosahttp://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_gula_jagung_fruktosa_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula


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3a"# &er;era" se&a#ai &aha" ;ea"is au;u" &aha" ;e"#aet u"tu- se&a#ia"

;a"#a" 5laha".

Se4ara /isi- ter!a;at ti#a e"is #ula 3aitu '7 #ula -ristalB $7 #ula &u-a"

-ristalB !a" (7 #ula 4air. Me"urut S+ N5. 1$=?MPP?+e;??$%%0 te"ta"# Tata

Nia#a I;5r Gula a"tara lai" e"#-ate#5ri-a" #ula -ristal se&a#ai #ula -ristal

e"tah?#ula -asar 6ra su#ar7B #ula -ristal ra/i"asi 6re/i"e! su#ar7B !a" #ula

-ristal ;utih 6;la"tati5" hite su#ar7.

Gula 3a"# !i-e"al !ala as3ara-at luas a!alah sa-ar5sa atau su-r5sa

3a"# eru;a-a" !isa-ari!a 3a"# ;a!a hi!r5lisa e"#hasil-a" #lu-5sa !a"

/ru-t5sa.

Gula -ristal ter!iri !ari #ula ;asir 3a"# !ihasil-a" !ari te&u !a"

#ula 3a"#

!ihasil-a" !ari &it. Nau"B e"urut Priha"!a"a 6$%%17 &ia3a ;r5!u-si #ula

&er&aha" &a-u te&u le&ih urah =%J !i&a"!i"#-a" !e"#a" &ia3a ;r5!u-si #ula

&er&aha" &a-u &it. Oleh -are"a ituB &aha" &a-u i"!ustri #ula 3a"# &a"3a-

!i#u"a-a" a!alah te&u 6Sa44haru 5//i4i"aru7 3a"# eru;a-a" ta"aa"

;er-e&u"a". Di !ala &ata"# te&u ter-a"!u"# $%J 4aira" #ula. E//e"!i 6$%%7

e"3e&ut-a" &aha 4aira" !ala te&u ter!iri !ari ti#a a4a 3aitu '7 Nira

Te&uB $7 Air ta"ah atau air te&u &e&as &riB !a" (7 Pr5t5;lasa. Nira te&u

tersi;a" !ala selsel ;are"4hi. Air te&u &e&as &ri eru;a-a" air 3a"# se4ara

4heis &ersatu !e"#a" serat !a" ti!a- !a;at !i;isah-a" se4ara e-a"is.

Pr5t5;lasa &er&e"tu- sei 4aira" teta;i ti!a- e"#a"!u"# #ula.

6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?11$>0?)A)J$%II

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i. Meri4a

La!a atau eri4a 6Piper nigrumL.7 a!alah re;ahre;ah&eruu!

&iia" 3a"# !ihasil-a" 5leh tu&uha" !e"#a" "aa saa. La!a sa"#at ;e"ti"#

!ala -5;5"e" asa-a" !u"ia !a" !i-e"al luas se&a#ai -55!iti ;er!a#a"#a"

;e"ti"# !iDu"ia Laa. Pa!a asa la;au har#a"3a sa"#at ti"##i sehi"##a

e"a!i salah satu ;ei4u ;e"elaaha" 5ra"# Er5;a -e Asia Tiur u"tu-
http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55284/BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=4http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55284/BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=4http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rempah-rempahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia_Lamahttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55284/BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=4http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/55284/BAB%20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf?sequence=4http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rempah-rempahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia_Lama


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e"#uasai ;er!a#a"#a""3a !a"B !e"#a" !ei-ia"B e"#aali

searah-5l5"isasiA/ri-aBAsiaB !a" Aeri-a.

DiI"!5"esiaB la!a terutaa !ihasil-a" !i Pulau )a"#-a. La!a

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)elitu"#B Mela3u Sa&asB !a" lai"lai".

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La!a eru;a-a" ta"aa" re;ah 3a"# e"a!i -55!itas ;e"ti"# !ari

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6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?0@>%1?A''-riK)A

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;e"##5re"#a" !ila-u-a"B i-ata" ra"#-a;3a"# ter!a;at ;a!a asa lea- ta- e"uh

a-a" ;utus e&e"tu- asa lea- e"uh.. Mi"3a- 3a"# &ai- a!alah i"3a-

3a"# e"#a"!u"# asa lea- ta- e"uh 3a"# le&ih &a"3a- !i&a"!i"#-a" !e"#a"

-a"!u"#a" asa lea- e"uh"3a.

Setelah ;e"##5re"#a" &er-ali-aliB asa lea- 3a"# ter-a"!u"# !ala

i"3a- a-a" sea-i" e"uh. De"#a" !ei-ia" i"3a- terse&ut !a;at !i-ata-a"

telah rusa- atau !a;at !ise&ut i"3a- ela"tah. Pe"##u"aa" i"3a- &er-ali-ali

a-a" e&uat i-ata" ra"#-a; i"3a- ter5-si!asi e&e"tu- #u#us ;er5-si!a

!a" 5"5ersi-li-B i"3a- 3a"# se;erti i"i !i-ata-a" telah rusa- !a" &er&aha3a

&a#i -esehata". Suhu 3a"# sea-i" ti"##i !a" sea-i" laa ;ea"asa"B -a!ar

asa lea- e"uh a-a" sea-i" "ai-. Mi"3a- "a&ati!e"#a" -a!ar asa lea-

e"uh 3a"# ti"##i a-a" e"#a-i&at-a" a-a"a" 3a"# !i#5re"# e"a!i

&er&aha3a &a#i -esehata".

Selai" -are"a ;e"##5re"#a" &er-ali-aliB i"3a- !a;at e"a!i rusa-

-are"a ;e"3i;a"a" 3a"# salah !ala a"#-a a-tu terte"tu sehi"##a i-ata"
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tri#liseri!a;e4ah e"a!i #liser5l!a" asa lea- &e&as. )e&era;a /a-t5r 3a"#

!a;at ee"#aruhi -erusa-a" i"3a- a!alah

O-si#e" !a" i-ata" ra"#-a;Sea-i" &a"3a- i-ata" ra"#-a; !a" 5-si#e"

3a"# ter-a"!u"# a-a i"3a- a-a" sea-i" 4e;at ter5-si!asi.

Suhu Suhu 3a"# sea-i" ti"##i u#a a-a" e;er4e;at ;r5ses 5-si!asi.

Caha3a !a" i5" l5#a &er;era" se&a#ai -atalis 3a"# e;er4e;at

;r5ses 5-si!asi.

A"ti5-si!a" e&uat i"3a- le&ih taha" terha!a; 5-si!asi.

Mi"3a- #5re"# uu"3a &erasal !ari i"3a- -ela;a sait. Mi"3a-

-ela;a !a;at !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"##5re"# -are"a stru-tur i"3a-"3a 3a"#

eili-i i-ata" ra"#-a; sehi"##a i"3a-"3a terasu- lea- ta- e"uh 3a"#

si/at"3a sta&il. Selai" itu ;a!a i"3a- -ela;a ter!a;at asa lea-ese"sial 3a"#

ti!a- !a;at !isi"tesis 5leh tu&uh. Asa lea- terse&ut a!alah asa ;alitatB

stearatB 5leatB !a" li"5leat.

)e&era;a i"3a- 3a"# !i;a-ai u"tu- e"##5re"# selai" i"3a- -ela;a

sait a!alah i"3a-;al -er"elB;al 5lei"B;al steari"B !a" Tall5. Selai" itu

ter!a;at u#a i"3a- lai" se;erti i"3a- &ii a"##urB&u"#a atahariB -e!elaiB !a"

2aitu". Mi"3a-i"3a- i"i -ura"# 4545- a;a&ila !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"##5re"#

"au" i"3a-i"3a- i"i eili-i -a"!u"#a" asa lea-3a"# ti"##i !a" &iasa

!i#u"a-a" se&a#ai &aha" ta&aha" ;a!a sala!!a" a-a"a" lai""3a.

6 htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Mi"3a-K#5re"# 7

Cara ;e"#u"aa" !a" ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# &ai- !a" &e"ar

'. Se&ai-"3a i"3a- #5re"# !isi;a" !ala -easa" &erar"a #ela;. Hal i"i

!ia-su!-a" u"tu- e"#hi"!ari -ete"#i-a"B -are"a 5-si!asi a-i&at -5"ta-

!e"#a" u!ara a"# !i;i4u 5leh si"ar atahari.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigliseridahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliserolhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigenhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahayahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioksidanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioksidanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minyak_kelapa_sawit&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikatan_rangkap&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_kernel&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_olein&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_stearin&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga_mataharihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelaihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaitunhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_gorenghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigliseridahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliserolhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigenhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahayahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioksidanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minyak_kelapa_sawit&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikatan_rangkap&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_kernel&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_olein&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_stearin&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga_mataharihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedelaihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaitunhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_goreng


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$. Me"3i;a" i"3a- #5re"# se&ai-"3a !ia!ah 3a"# tertutu; !a" auh !ari

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i"3a- #5re"# !i !e-at su&er ;a"as terse&ut a-a" e"3e&a&-a" ,it.A 3a"#

!i/5rti/i-asi a-a" &er-ura"# alau;u" !ala ulah 3a"# se!i-it.

Cara ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- !i atas u#a &isa !i&erla-u-a" u"tu- i"3a- ie"B

&u"#a atahariB !a" i"3a- 3a"# eili-i stru-tur se;erti i"3a- #5re"#

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isi ula"# !a" !ala -ea!aa" 3a"# &ai-B er"ih !a" ti!a- ter!a;at -5t5ra".

-. Air

Air a!alah u"sur 3a"# ti!a- !a;at !i;isah-a" !ari -ehi!u;a" a"usia.

)ah-a" !a;at !i;asti-a" ta";a ;e"#e&a"#a" su&er!a3a air se4ara -5"siste"

;era!a&a" a"usia ti!a- a-a" e"4a;ai ti"#-at 3a"# !i"i-ati sa;ai saat i"i.

Oleh -are"a itu ;e"#e&a"#a" !a" ;e"#5laha" su&er !a3a air eru;a-a" !asar

;era!a&a" a"usia 6Su"ar35B !--B $%%17. Air eru;a-a" su&sta"si -iia !e"#a"

ruus -iia h$5 satu 5le-ul air tersusu" atas !ua at5 hi!r5#e" 3a"# teri-at

!e"#a" -5,ale" ;a!a satu at5 5-si#e". Air &er&e"tu- ti!a- &erar"aB ti!a-

&erasa serta ti!a- &er&au ;a!a -ea!aa" sta"!arB 3a-"i ;a!a te-a"a" '%% -;a 6 '

&ar 7 a"! te;eratur $=(B '1 - 6 % 4 7. Zat -iia i"i a!alah satu ;elarut 3a"#

utla-B 3a"# e;u"3ai -e-uata" u"tu- elarut-a" &a"3a- 2at -iia 3a"# lai"B

la3a-"3a #ara#araB #ulaB asaB le&ih !ari satu t3;e #as serta &a"3a- e"is

5le-ul 5r#a"i-.

+5"!isi air 3a"# &eru;a 4air a!alah satu -5"!isi 3a"# ti!a- uu !i!ala

-ea!aa" "5ralB !ita&ah la#i e;erhati-a" ali"a" ;a!a hi!ri!ahi!ri!a lai"

3a"# seru;a !i!ala -5l5 5-si#e" ;a!a ta&el ;eri5!i-B 3a"# e"#is3arat-a"

&aha air seesti"3a &eru;a #asB se&a#aia"a hi!r5#e" sul/i!a.


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Me;erhati-a" ta&el ;eri5!i-B ta;a- &aha u"suru"sur 3a"#

eli"#-ari 5-si#e" eru;a-a" "itr5#e"B /l5rB serta /5s/5rB sul/ur serta -l5r.

Seluruh elee"elee" i"i i-a &eri-ata" !e"#a" hi!r5#e" !a;at e&uah-a"

#as ;a!a te;eratur serta te-a"a" "5ral. Alasa" e"#a;a hi!r5#e" &eri-ata"

!e"#a" 5-si#e" e&e"tu- /ase &er-ea!aa" 4airB eru;a-a" !i-are"a-a" 5-si#e"

le&ih &er&e"tu- ele-tr5"e#ati/ !ari;a!a elee"elee" lai" terse&ut 6-e4uali /l5r7.

Tari-a" at5 5-si#e" ;a!a ele-tr5"ele-tr5" i-ata" ta&ah le&ih -uat

!ari;a!a 3a"# !i-era-a" 5leh at5 hi!r5#e"B e"i"##al-a" ulah uata"

;5siti/ ;a!a -e$ at5 hi!r5#e"B serta ulah uata" "e#ati/ ;a!a at5 5-si#e".

A!a"3a uata" ;a!a asi"#asi"# at5 terse&ut &i-i" 5le-ul air

e;u"3ai se&a"3a- 5e" !i;5l. St3le tari-e"ari- listri- a"tar 5le-ul

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e&uat"3a su-ar u"tu- !i;isah-a" serta 3a"# sela"ut"3a e"ai--a" titi- !i!ih

air. St3le tari-e"ari- i"i !ia-su! u"tu- a!i-a" i-ata" hi!r5#e".

Air -era; !ia-su! u"tu- a!i-a" ;elarut u"i,ersal !i-are"a-a" air

elarut-a" &a"3a- 2at -iia. Air a!a !i!ala -eseti&a"#a" !i"ais ;a!a /ase

4air serta ;a!at !i&aah te-a"a" serta te;eratur sta"!ar. Di!ala uu! i5"B air

&isa !i#a&ar-a" u"tu- a!i-a" sesuatu i5" hi!r5#e" 6 h 7 3a"# &eras5siasi

6 &eri-ata" 7 !e"#a" sesuatu i5" hi!r5-si!a 65h7.

6htt;??.;52t5.45?$%''?%@?;e"#ertia"!e/i"isiair.htl 7

Air a!alah su&er -ehi!u;a" &a#i seua a-hlu- hi!u;. Ciri4iri air 3a"#

&ai- a!alah air 3a"# &ersihB er"ihB ti!a- &er&auB ti!a- &erasaB ti!a- &erar"a !a"

ti!a- e"#a"!u"# i-r55r#a"ise.

S3arats3arat air &ersih a!alah a7 S3arat i-r5&i5l5#i ti!a- e"#a"!u"# &a-teriE. Coli

&7 S3arat /isi- ti!a- &erar"aB ti!a- &erasa !a"

ti!a- &er&au

47 S3arat -iia ti!a- e"#a"!u"# l5#a &erat se;erti

ti&alB Z"B !ll 6Wi-i;e!iaB $%%7.
http://www.poztmo.com/2011/06/pengertian-definisi-air.htmlhttp://www.poztmo.com/2011/06/pengertian-definisi-air.html


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D6 Pr*ses Penyelen22araan /akanan

'. Pe"eriaa"

Pe"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah -e#iata" aal u"tu- eeri-saB

e"i&a"# !a" e"4atat e"#e"ai ulah !a" a4a &aha" a-a"a" 3a"#

!iteria sesuai !e"#a" ;esa"a" ;e&elia" atau sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha"

a-a"a". )aha" utaa 3a"# !i#u"a-a" !ala asa-a" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:

a!alah telur a3a. Telur 3a"# !i#u"a-a" !iteria !ari re-a"a" '$ hari se&elu

!ila-u-a" ;e"#5laha" le&ih la"ut. Telur a3a 3a"# !i;esa" harus sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi"3a 3aitu a"tara lai" &aruB -ulit ulusB ti!a- a!a -5t5ra"B &ersihB '@

&utir !ala ' -il5#ra serta !i-eas !ala tra3 telur. Selai" itu &aha" a-a"a"

3a"# !iteria selai" &aha" &a-u 3aitu &u&uB !ia"a &u&u ter!iri !ari &aa"#

erahB &aa"# ;utihB l5&5- erahB -eiriB -u"3itB aheB !au" salaB seraiB

-ela;a tua ;arut !a" i"3a- #5re"#. Dia"a asi"#asi"# &u&u u#a

!iteria i-a telah ee"uhi s;esi/i-asi 3a"# a!a. *i-a &aha" a-a"a" !a"

&u&u terse&ut ti!a- sesuai a-a &a#ia" ;e"eriaa" &erha- u"tu- ei"ta

&aha" terse&ut !i#a"ti atau !a;at !i-e&ali-a". Alat 3a"# !i;erlu-a" !i area

;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah ti&a"#a" &aha" a-a"a"B !a" ea -era

u"tu- ;e"eriaa".

Di&a#ia" ;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" 3a"# su!ah !iteria sesuai

s;esi/i-asi sehi"##a ti&ul"3a &aha3a /isi-B -iia !a" &i5l5#i !a;at

!ia"ialisir !ala ;r5ses sela"ut"3a.

$. Pe"3i;a"a"

U"tu- telur setelah !iteria sesuai s;esi/i-asi sela"ut"3a !isi;a" !i

#u!a"# ;e"3alur 6 #u!a"# -eri"# 7. Pe"3i;a"a" telur se&elu !i#u"a-a"

&er-isar a"tara '$ hari se&elu !i#u"a-a" u"tu- ;e"#5laha".


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(. Persia;a"

Persia;a" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah suatu ;r5ses -e#iata" 3a"# s;esi/i-

!ala ra"#-a e"3ia;-a" &aha" a-a"a" !a" &u&u 8 &u&u se&elu

!ila-u-a" ;easa-a".

+e#iata""3a eli;uti seua ;erla-ua" ;a!a saat &aha" a-a"a" !iteriaB

!ia&il atau !i-eluar-a" !ari ;e"3i;a"a" u"tu- !i&ersih-a" &a#ia" 8 &a#ia"

3a"# ti!a- !ia-a"B !i4u4iB !i;5t5"#B !ire"!a &ila ;erluB !iiris ti;isB !i#ili"#B

!iear-a"B !ia!u-B !isari"# sa;ai saat &aha" a-a"a" sia; u"tu- !iasa-.

Pa!a saat ;r5ses terse&ut se&ai-"3a !i;erti&a"#-a" /a-t5r 8 /a-t5r li"#-u"#a"

3a"# !a;at e"#u&ahB erusa- atau e;e"#aruhi -ualitas &aha" a-a"a" 3a"#

&ersa"#-uta".

Persia;a" &aha" a-a"a" &ertuua" u"tu-

'. Terse!ia"3a ra4i-a" 3a"# te;at !ari &er&a#ai a4a &aha" a-a"a" u"tu-

&er&a#ai asa-a" !ala ulah 3a"# sesuai !e"#a" sta"!ar ;5rsiB e"u 3a"#

&erla-u !a" ulah -lie".

$. Terse!ia"3a &er&a#ai a"ura" &u&u asa-a" sesuai rese;B e"is asa-a"B

e"u !a" ulah -lie".

Dala hal i"iB ;r5ses ;ersia;a" u"tu- ;e&uata" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:

a!alah ;e&ersiha"B ;ere&usa" telurB ;e&ersiha" !ari 4a"#-a"# telur. )aha3a

3a"# u"#-i" tera!i a!alah a!a"3aE coliB -5t5ra" !a" !e&u ;a!a saat ;e"4u4ia"

!a" ;e&ersiha" 4a"#-a"# telur. Hal i"i !a;at !i4e#ah !e"#a" e;erhati-a"

-e&ali h3#ie"itas !a" sa"itasi 3a"# &ai- !ala ;r5ses ;ersia;a".

Selai" ituB &u&u u#a !i;ersia;-a"B u"tu- &aa"# erahB&aa"# ;utihB

-eiriB aheB -u"3itB l5&5- erah !ihalus-a" e"##u"a-a" &le"!er. Se!a"#-a"

&u&u lai""3a se;erti seraiB !a" le"#-uas !i ear-a".


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0. Pe"#5laha" atau ;easa-a"

Peasa-a" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah ;r5ses -e#iata" terha!a; &aha"

a-a"a" 3a"# telah !i;ersia;-a" e"urut ;r5se!ur 3a"# !ite"tu-a"B !e"#a"

e"a&ah-a" &u&u sta"!ar e"urut rese;B ulah -lie"B serta ;erla-ua" s;esial

3aitu ;easa-a" !e"#a" airB lea-B ;ea"asa" !ala ra"#-a euu!-a"

asa-a" !e"#a" 4ita rasa 3a"# ti"##i.

Tuua" !ari ;easa-a" a!alah se&a#ai &eri-ut

a. Me;ertaha"-a" "ilai #i2i &aha" a-a"a".

)ila &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- eerlu-a" ;r5ses ;e"4u4ia"B ;e5t5"#a" !a"

;easa-a"B a-a" le&ih &a"3a- 2at #i2i 3a"# !a;at !i;erlu-a" !ala a-a"a".

Teta;i -are"a se&a#ia" &esar &aha" &aha" a-a"a" eerlu-a" se&elu

!ia-a"B sehi"##a &e&era;a ;eru&aha" terutaa ,itai" !a" i"eral &ai- rusa-

atau;u" &ah-a" hila"# selaa ;e"a"#a"a". +are"a itu ;erlu !i;erhati-a" 4ara

;easa-a" 3a"# la3a- !a" e/isie" sehi"##a !a;at e"aha" -ehila"#a" 2at #i2i

se!i-it u"#-i".

&. Me"i"#-at-a" "ilai 4er"a &aha" a-a"a".

De"#a" ;easa-a"B i-ata" 8 i-ata" -iia !ari &aha" a-a"a" a-a"

teruraiB sehi"##a a-a"a" e"a!i lu"a-.

4. Me;ertaha"-a" !a" e"a&ah rasaB ru;a !ari &aha" a-a"a".

De"#a" ;easa-a"B &au 3a"# -ura"# e"3e"a"#-a" a-a" hila"# atau

&er-ura"#. RasaB ru;a !a" &aha" a-a"a" &eru&ah. +ere"3aha" !a;at !iatur

sesuai !e"#a" -ese"a"#a"B !e"#a" 4ara e;erhati-a" a-tu !a" 4ara

;easa-a".

!. Me"i&ul-a" rasa aa" &a#i a"usia.

De"#a" ;easa-a"B &e&era;a e"is -ua" a-a" ati. De"#a" ;easa-a"

&erarti -eu"#-i"a" -ua" 3a"# &er&aha3a !a;at !iati-a" ;er-e&a"#a""3aB


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&aha3a -era4u"a" !a;at !iatasi !a" u#a u"tu- e"4e#ah 4e;at"3a ;r5ses

;e&usu-a".

1. Pe5rsia"

Pe5rsia" a!alah -e#iata" e"3ai-a" a-a"a" sesuai !e"#a" &esar ;5rsi

3a"# telah !ite"tu-a". *ulah ;5rsi 3a"# terse!ia ;a!a saat !istri&usiB harus saa

!e"#a" ulah ;5rsi 3a"# !ire"4a"a-a" ;a!a saat ;e"#a!aa" &aha" a-a"a". *i-a

!iasusi-a" -ua"titas su!ah !i-5"tr5l !i seua titi- ;e"ti"#B a-a ;e"#5"tr5la"

3a"# tera-hir a!alah ;a!a ;e&a#ia" a-a"a". Seua ;e#aai 3a"# &erta"##u"#

aa& terutaa !ala ;e&a#ia" a-a"a" harus !ilatih !ala ;e"#e"!alia"

;5rsi.

P5rsi 3a"# sta"!ar harus !ite"tu-a" u"tu- seua e"is a-a"a".

Pe"##u"aa" ;eralata" se;erti se"!5- sa3urB 4e"t5"#B se"!5- ;e&a#i !ll u"tu-

e&a#i harus !i sta"!arisasi u"tu- e"#u-ur ;5rsi sta"!ar.

@. Pe"!istri&usia"

Pe"!istri&usia" a-a"a" a!alah sera"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"3alura" a-a"a"

sesuai !e"#a" ulah ;5rsi !a" e"is a-a"a" -5"sue" 3a"# !ila3a"i.

Diu;a3a-a" a-a"a" !a;at !isai-a" te;at ;a!a saat a a-a" ;asie" !a"

a-a"a" asih !ala -5"!isi ha"#at serta ;erlu ;e"#ha"#at a-a"a" sehi"##a

ti!a- e"#u&ah rasa !ari a-a"a" !a" e"a#a a#ar suhu a-a"a" ti!a- &era!a

;a!a suhu 3a"# terasu- !a"#er 25"e 6 '% 8 @%O C 7. U"tu- e"a#a a-a"a"

teta; h3#ie"is a-a a!ah a-a"a"B alat ;e"3aia" !a" !istri&usi a-a"a" harus

tertutu;.

=. Peralata"

Peralata" 3a"# !i#u"a-a" !ala ;e"#5laha" a-a"a" !a;at &erti"!a-

se&a#ai su&er -5"tai"asiB i-a ti!a- !i&ersih-a" !a" !i!esi"/e-si !e"#a"


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&e"ar. Pe"4u4ia" eili-i !ua tuua"B 3aitu e&ua"# sisa a-a"a" !ari

;eralata" 3a"# !a;at e"i&ul-a" ;ertu&uha" 5r#a"ise !a" ele;as-a"

i-r55r#a"iseB !a" ele;as-a" i-r55r#a"ise 3a"# hi!u;. )iasa"3a !ua

tuua" terse&ut !a;at !i4a;ai elalui ;e"4u4ia" !e"#a" air 3a"# sa"#at ;a"as

6 Se-itar >%OC 7 atau ;e"4u4ia" !e"#a" air atau !eter#e" !ii-uti !e"#a" air !a"

sa"iti2er se;erti se"3aa hi;er-l5ritB iodophorusB atau quaternar ammonium

u"tu- eus"ah-a" i-r55r#a"ise 3a"# ele-at.

>. Pe"aah a-a"a"

Pe"a"#a"a" a-a"a" !a;at easu-a" !a" e"3e&ar-a"

i-r55r#a"ise ;at5#e". Pe"aah a-a"a" !a;at e&aa ;at5#e" ta";a

e"#alai e/e- sa-it 3a"# serius ;a!a !iri ere-a. Staphlococcus sp. uu"3a

&erhu&u"#a" !e"#a" -ulitB hi!u"#B te"##5r5-a" !a" lesi -ulit 3a"# teri"/e-si.

Cara ;e"4e#aha" !a;at !ila-u-a" !e"#a" e"##u"a-a" hand glo!eatau saru"#

ta"#a" ;lasti- u"tu- e"#hi"!ari -5"tai"asi !ari &a-teri.

E6 Pen2e&(an2an Rese%C

a#ar ti!a-

ha"#us?#5s5"# 6a;i

se!a"#7

Pe"#5laha"

6;e"#u-usa"7

)B FB + ) te"a#a

;e"aah

F -5t5ra"

+ ;eru&aha"ar"aB ar5a

!a" rasaB alat

&er-arat

Te"a#a ;e"aah

harus e"##u"a-a"

APD a#ar ti!a-

ter-5"tai"asi!e"#a" a-a"a"B

;eralata" 3a"#

!i#u"a-a" harus

&ersih !a" ti!a-

&er-arat

=6 Distri&usi

!i!a;ur 6alat7

)B FB + ) sera"##a

F -5t5r

+ ;eralata"

-5t5r

Peralata" harus

&ersih !a" ti!a-

&er-aratB i-a

&er-arat alat ti!a-

!i#u"a-a"

Distri&usi

!i!a;ur 6te"a#a

;e"aah7

)B F ) te"a#a

;e"aah

F -5t5r

Te"a#a ;e"aah

harus ea-ai

APD a#ar ti!a-

ter-5"tai"asi

!e"#a" a-a"a"

Distri&usi

!irua"#a"

6alat?-ereta

!5r5"#7

)B FB + ) sera"##a

F -5t5r

+ alat?-ereta

!5r5"# &er-arat

Peralata" harus

&ersih !a" ti!a-

&er-aratB i-a

&er-arat alat ti!a-

!i#u"a-a"?!i#a"ti

Distri&usi!irua"#a"

6te"a#a

;e"3alur7

)B F ) te"a#a;e"3alur

F -5t5r

Te"a#a ;e"3alura-a"a" harus

e"##u"a-a"

saru"# ta"#a" a#ar

ti!a-

ter-5"tai"asi

!e"#a" a-a"a"


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&. I!e"ti/i-asi &aha3a !a" 4ara ;e"4e#aha""3a ;a!a li"#-u"#a"

Ta(el 46 I'eni8ikasi 0ahaya 'an Cara Pen1e2ahannya Pa'a

Lin2kun2an

N*

Lin2kun2an 0ahaya

0/;? .?

F;

,enis (ahaya Cara


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A. Pr5!u- u"tu- -5"sue" &erisi-5 ti"##i.

). Me"#a"!u"# &aha" 3a"# se"siti,e terha!a; &aha3a

&i5l5#is?-iia?/isi-.

C. Ti!a- a!a taha; u"tu- e"4e#ah atau e"#hila"#-a" &aha3a.

D. +eu"#-i"a" e"#alai -5"tai"asi -e&ali setelah ;r5ses

;e"#5laha".

E. +eu"#-i"a" ;e"a"#a"a" 3a"# salah selaa ;e"3aia" B!istri&usiB

;e"uala" !a" -5"susi.

F. Ti!a- a!a 4ara e"4e#ah?e"#hila"#-a" &aha3a 5leh -5"sue"

% Ti!a- e"#a"!u"# &aha3a A sa;ai F

I Me"#a"!u"# satu &aha3a A sa;ai F

II Me"#a"!u"# !ua &aha3a A sa;ai F

III Me"#a"!u"# ti#a &aha3a A sa;ai F

I< Me"#a"!u"# e;at &aha3a A sa;ai F

< Me"#a"!u"# lia &aha3a A sa;ai F


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0ahan&enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah


51/76


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0ahan

&enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah


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0ahan



54/76

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0ahan



55/76

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Ta(el #"6 Penea


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N

*

CCP 0ahan &enah?

in2re'ien?(ahan

a&(ahan

Para&eer

.riis

0aas .riis Pe&anauan Tin'akan

k*reksi

#6 Pe"eriaa"

6&aha" &a-u7

Tahu ;utih A!a"3a le"!irB

ha"4urB -5t5ra"

Ti!a- a!a"3a

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ti!a- ha"4ur !a"

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Sesuai !e"#a"

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&aha" a-a"a"

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#a"ti

Da#i"# sa;i A!a"3a 4a4i"#B

&usu-B &erle"!ir

Ti!a- a!a"3a Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

;a!a saat;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

#a"ti

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telur &usu-B reta-

Ti!a- a!a"3a

-5t5ra"B ;ilih

3a"# ti!a- &usu-

!a" ti!a- reta-

Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

;a!a saat

;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

#a"ti

W5rtel A!a"3a sera"##aB

-a;a"#B ulatB

-5t5ra"B &usu-

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Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

;a!a saat;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

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!6 Pe"eriaa"

6&u&u7

)aa"# ;utih !a"

&aa"# erah

A!a"3a sera"##aB

-a;a"#B ulatB

-5t5ra"B &usu-B

le&e-

Ti!a- -5t5rB

-eri"#B ;a!atB tua

erataB &esar

erataB ti!a-

&usu- !a" su!ah

!i-u;as.

Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

;a!a saat

;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

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Dau" &aa"# A!a"3a sera"##aB

ulatB -5t5ra"Bla3uB ti!a-

&erar"a -u"i"#

Ti!a- -5t5rB ti!a-

la3u !a" ti!a-&erar"a -u"i"#

Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi;a!a saat

;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"s;esi/i-asi

&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

#a"ti

Gara A!a"3a sera"##aB

&a-teri hal5/ili-

&e"!a asi"#B

le&a& !a"

&erair

War"a ;utih

&ersihB

e"#a"!u"#

-a!ar i5!iu

(%;; 8 >% ;;B

-eri"#

Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

;a!a saat

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*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

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&e"!a asi"#Ble&a& !a"

&erair

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&ersih !a" -eri"#

Sesuai !e"#a"


;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

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Meri4a A!a"3a hea"

;e"#eratB -5t5rB

-eri;utB &usu-

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-eri;utB ti!a-

&usu-

Sesuai !e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

;a!a saat

;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"

s;esi/i-asi

&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

#a"ti

Mi"3a- G5re"# A!a"3a sera"##aB

i"3a- hitaBa!a"3a &e"!a

asi"#B serta

te"#i-

Dala -easa"

isi ula"# !a"!ala -ea!aa"

3a"# &ai-B er"ih

!a" ti!a- ter!a;at

-5t5ra"

Sesuai !e"#a"


;e"eriaa"

*i-a ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a"s;esi/i-asi

&aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a"?!i

#a"ti

!6 Pe"3i;a"a"

6&aha" &a-u7

Tahu ;utih A!a"3a le"!irB

&er&auB suhu

;e"3i;a"a"

Si;a" !i!ala

leari ;e"!i"#i"

Pe"3i;a"a"

telur ;a!a

leari

Site FIFO

!a" Site

FEFO


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$. Pe"eta;a" ,eri/i-asi

+e#iata" ;a!a taha; ,eri/i-asi a!alah

a. Pe"eta;a" a!al ,eri/i-asi 3a"# te;at

&. Peeri-saa" -e&ali re"4a"a HACCP

4. Peeri-saa" ? ;e"3esuaia" 4atata" HACCP

!. Peeri-saa" ;e"3i;a"#a" terha!a; CCP !a" ;r5se!ur -5re-si

e. Pe"#aata" ,isual selaa ;r5!u-si u"tu- e"#e"!ali-a" CCP

/. Pe"#a&ila" 45"t5h !a" a"alisis se4ara ra"!5

#. Catata" tertulis e"#e"ai -esesuaia" !e"#a" re"4a"a HACCP

(. Pe"eta;a" s3ste !5-ue"tasi

D5-ue"tasi s3ste HACCP

a. Naa ;r5!u- Pe"#5laha" 5laha" telur 9R5la!e tahu isi!a#i"#:

&. Ta"##al ;e"4atata" > Maret $%'$

4. )aha" 3a"# !i#u"a-a" telurB #araB &aa"# ;utihB &aa"# erahB

le"#-uasB !au" salaB sa"ta"B i"3a- #5re"#B -u"3itB

seraiB aheB -eiri !a" 4a&e erah.

!. Alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" Waa"B &as-5 stai"lessB ;isauB &aha" &a-arB

&le"!erB tale"a"B -5;5r

e. Pr5ses 3a"# !ila-u-a" Pe"35rtira" &aha" a-a"a"B ;e"4u4ia" &aha"B

;easa-a"B ;e"3aia"


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C6 Pe&(ahasan

'. Pe"era;a" HACCP Pa!a Taha; Pe"eriaa"

Pe"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah suatu -e#iata" 3a"# eli;uti

;eeri-saa"B ;e"elitia"B ;e"4atata"B ;e"#a&ila" -e;utusa" !a" ;ela;5ra"

s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" &er!asar-a" ;e&elia" &ertuua" a#ar ;esa"a" 3a"#

!iteria sesuai !e"#a" -ese;a-ata".

Ra"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"eriaa" &ara"# !i RSU Persaha&ata" !ila-u-a"

5leh ;e"a"##u"# aa& &a#ia" ;e"eriaa". Alur ra"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"eriaa"

&ara"# 3a-"i &aha" 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" !iteria 5leh &a#ia" ;e"eriaa"

&aha" !isesuai-a" !e"#a" &5" !a" ;eesa"a" !ari re-a"a"B ulah &erat &aha"

3a"# !iteria !a" !ilihat s;esi/i-asi &aha" sesuai 3a"# !iteta;-a" 5leh ;iha-

ruah sa-it !i4atat -e!ala &u-u ;e"eriaa" &ara"# u"tu- "aa re-a"a"B ulah

3a"# !i;esa" !a" ulah 3a"# !iteria. )ara"# 3a"# ti!a- sesuai ;esa"a" a-a"

!i-e&ali-a" -e;a!a re-a"a".

Alat 3a"# !i;erlu-a" !i taha; ;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah tr5lle3

&ara"#B ti&a"#a" (%% -il5#raB ea -era !a" te;at u"tu- e"4u4i &aha"

a-a"a".

a. )aha" )a-u


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Tahu

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" tahu !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i

sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a tahu 3a"#

!ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a".

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" tahu !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a"

;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu tahu 3a"# !iteria !ari re-a"a" se&elu !ila-u-a"

;e"#5laha" le&ih la"ut su!ah sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu asih se#arB ar"a

;uth &ersihB &erat @% #r? &utirB ti!a- &erle"!irB ar5a ti!a- e"3e"#at. *i-a &aha"

a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a" !a"

!i#a"ti.

&. )u&u

)aa"# Merah !a" )aa"# Putih

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih !i-ate#5ri-a"

CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a"

;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih 3a"# !ata"# !ari

re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a"

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih !i I"stalasi Gi2i

RSSA su!ah e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua &aa"# erah !a" &aa"#

;utih 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu -eri"#B &ersihB ;a!atB tuaB

&esar erataB ti!a- &usu- !a" su!ah !i-u;as. *i-a &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai

!e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti..

Gara

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" serai !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i

sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a #ara 3a"#



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Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" #ara !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a"

;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua #ara 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu

ar"a ;utih &ersihB e"#a"!u"# -a!ar i5!iu (%;; 8 >% ;;B -eri"#. *i-a

&aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti.

Meri4a

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" eri4a !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i

sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a eri4a 3a"#


Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" eri4a !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a"

;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua eri4a 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu

!ala &e"tu- ser&u- 6su!ah !ihalus-a"7B ti!a- le&a&B !a" &ear"a -ea&ua&ua".

*i-a &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a"

!i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti.

Mi"3a- #5re"#

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" i"3a- #5re"# !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a

taha;a" i"i sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a

i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"#

telah !ite"tu-a".

Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" i"3a- #5re"# !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah

e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# !iteria sesuai

!e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu !ala -easa" isi ula"# !a" !ala -ea!aa" 3a"# &ai-B


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Pe"3i;a"a" &aa"# !a" -eiri ;a!a suhu i"i &ertuua" a#ar terhi"!ar !ari

ti&ul"3a &aha3a -iia 3aitu &usu- -are"a !ala &e"tu- halusa" !a" le&a&.

Taha; ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# !a" -eiri i"i !a;at ter#5l5"# CCP i-a &aa"#

!ala &e"tu- halusa" !isi;a" ;a!a suhu rua"# -are"a a-a" tera!i ;eru&aha"

stru-tur -iia !ari &aa"# !a" -eiri sehi"##a !a;at 4e;at &usu-B -e4uali

&aa"# !a" -eiri !isi;a" !ala &e"tu- utuh !a" -ulit"3a 6u"tu- &aa"#7.

Pa!a taha; ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# erahB &aa"# ;utih !a" -eiri !i

I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB &aa"# !a" -eiri !ala &e"tu- halusa" su!ah sesuai

!isi;a" e"##u"a-a" a!ah ;lasti- tertutu; ra;at. Alat ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"#

i"i !a;at ter#5l5"# CCP i-a a!ah ;lasti- 3a"# !i#u"a-a" ti!a- tertutu; ra;at

atau ter&u-a -are"a !a;at tera!i &aha3a /isi- 3aitu ;eru&aha" ar5a !ia"a

-5"tai"asi ar5a &u&u satu !e"#a" &u&u lai""3a !ala re/ri#erat5r tera!i

sehi"##a ar5a &aa"# e"a!i ti!a- -has la#i.

$7 Gara

Te;at ;e"3i;a"a"

Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" #ara &er35!iu 3a"# &e"ar a!alah !ala a!ah

-eri"# !a" tertutu; ra;at serta terhi"!ar !ari si"ar atahari la"#su"# au;u"

;a"as a;i. Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" !a;at e;e"#aruhi -a!ar 35!at !ala #ara

&er35!iu. Te;at 3a"# ;ali"# sta&il 3aitu t5;les ;lasti4 tertutu;B -eu!ia""

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