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1) Tissue products in the USA and Canada are manufacturedusing few sources of fiber. Major fibers sources used for browntissue manufacturing are OCC and SOP. The majority of whitetissue is manufactured with SOP, eucalyptus and northernsoftwood.
2) Fiber price has increased above inflation during the last 5years.
3) In this context where 4 sources of fiber represents 65% of thetotal raw material used for tissue manufacturing, and where fiberprices are increasing during the last 5 years, there is enoughopportunity to do research with focus on fiber development,including new fiber alternatives or enhancement of existingfibers.
Fiber Development to Meet Market ChallengesTiago de Assis1
Ronalds Gonzalez1, Joel Pawlak1
1 Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, NC State University, Raleigh, NC
Objective
Introduction
Non-Wood Fibers
Effect of Refining on Water Absorption and Softness
Highlights
Market Pulps Strength - No Refining
Market Pulps Morphology
87% - OCC and SOP
64% - SOP, Eucalyptus, Northern Softwood
3% annual price increase above inflation
OCC and DLK6.5% annual price increase above inflation
1) Present a literature overview about fibers used in tissueproduction with focus on properties (softness, absorbency andstrength).
2) Indicate some possible research opportunities aboutdevelopment of fibers for tissue products.
Market Pulps Strength - Refining
1) The use of non-wood fibers in tissue products may havesome advantages:a)Reduce price volatility of market pulpsb)Develop local markets (ex: China and India)c)Reduce Impact of forest managementd)Easy to Pulpe)Wide range of fiber lengthf)Potential source for different properties (lack of data on tissue)
2) However, there are some challenges to be overcome:a)Bulky materialb)Stability during storagec)High content of fines and non-fibrous elementsd)Mineral Impurities (ex: silica)
1) Major sources of fibers used for tissue manufacturing in theUSA and Canada.SOPEucalyptusNorthern SoftwoodOCC
2) Fiber price has increased above inflation during last 5 years.SOP - 1.9%BEK + 2.5%NBSK + 3.4%OCC + 5.7%
3) There are few publications about the effect of fibers in tissueproperties and there is an opportunity for research with focus onfiber development.
5) Some research opportunitiesStandards for tissue making and testing in lab scale Impact of bulk on tissue propertiesUse of recycled fibers and non-wood fibersModification of pulping / bleaching processes
65% of Total Fiber Consumption
Fiber Development to Meet Market Challenges
Tiago De Assis1, Ronalds Gonzalez1, Joel Pawlak1
1 Department of Forest Biomaaterials, NC State University
1
Source - Fisher Solve
Raw Material ConsumptionBrown Tissue
2
87% - OCC and SOP
Source - Fisher Solve
Raw Material ConsumptionWhite Tissue
3
64% - SOP, Eucalyptus, Northern Softwood
Source - RISI
Raw Material PriceMarket Pulp
4
3% annual price increase above inflation
Source - RISI
Raw Material PriceRecycled Paper
5
OCC and DLK6.5% annual price increase above inflation
• Major sources of fibers – USA and Canada SOP Eucalyptus Northern Softwood OCC
• Average annual price increase above inflation (last 5 years) SOP - 1.9% BEK + 2.5% NBSK + 3.4% OCC + 5.7%
• There is an opportunity for research with focus on fiber development: Develop new fiber alternatives to:
a) Reduce the impact of price volatilityb) Potentially develop products with enhanced properties
Improve properties of existing fibers
• Objective: Literature review about fibers for tissue production with focus onproperties (softness, absorbency and strength).
Objectives6
65% of Total Raw Material
Source – Nanko et. Al (2005), The World of Market Pulp
TBHK = Tropical Bleached Hardwood Kraft (Acacia)SABRPK, SAURPK = South American Bleached and Unbleached Radiata Pine Kraft
Market Pulps Morphology7
Source – Nanko et. Al (2005), The World of Market Pulp
TBHK = Tropical Bleached Hardwood Kraft (Acacia)SABRPK, SAURPK = South American Bleached and Unbleached Radiata Pine Kraft
Market Pulps Properties8
No Refining
Softwood Pulps Properties9
Source - Nanko et. Al (2005), The World of Market Pulp
SABRPK, SAURPK = South American Bleached and Unbleached Radiata Pine Kraft
Source - Nanko et. Al (2005), The World of Market Pulp
TBHK = Tropical Bleached Hardwood Kraft (Acacia)
Hardwood Pulps Properties10
Top: Kullander et. Al (2012). Bottom: Gigac, Fišerová (2009)
Impact of Refining on Water Absorbency and Softness
11
• Non-wood Pulps(6.5% of world pulp)
• Non-wood PulpChallenges
Non-wood Fibers in Tissue Products
12
Reduce pulp price volatility
Develop local markets (China / India - 78% of market)
Reduce impacts of forest management
Easy to Pulp
Wide range of fiber length
Source of different properties (lack of public data on tissue)
Bulky raw material
Stability during storage
High content of fines / non-fibrous fibers
Mineral impurities (silica)
• Major Sources of Fibers and Annual Price Increase (last 5 years) - USA and Canada
Virgin
Recycled
• There is an opportunity for research with focus on fiber development Develop new fiber alternatives Improve properties of existing fibers
• Few publications about the impact of fibers in tissue properties
• Some Research Opportunities Standards for tissue making and testing in lab scale Impact of bulk on tissue properties Use of recycled fibers and non-wood fibers
HighlightsFibers in Tissue Products
13
Eucalyptus (softness) → BEK + 2.5%Northern Softwood (strength) → NBSK + 3.4%
SOP (white) - 1.9% OCC (brown) + 5.7%
Thank you!
14