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Volcanos andEarthquakes

And how they work

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Lets look at our map What do you notice about the

locations of the majority of thevolcanoes??

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Are there anyvolcanoes in

Saskatchewan?

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No

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Sooooooo..

How are

volcanoes formed???

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How are volcanosformed???

http://uk.danfossuniverse.com/page212

http://uk.danfossuniverse.com/page2120.aspxhttp://uk.danfossuniverse.com/page2120.aspx

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Volcano Diagram

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Volcanoes may have one oftwo types of lava. The typeof lava it is helps determinethe shape of the volcano.

Free and easy flowing lava ->long sloped sides

Thick(like melted peanut butter) lava ->

steep sides

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3 Types of Volcanoes:

Cinder Cone: the smallestand most common type of

volcano. Bits of lava, cindersand ash that are hurled out ofthe volcano build up around thecrater. It then shapes a bumpycone-shaped volcano.

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Shield Cone: the largestvolcanoes in the world!! These

have long sloping sides madefrom the free flowing lava. TheHawaiian Islands are made out of

just the tops of the shieldcones!!

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Composite Cone: are someof the most famous and violent

types of volcano. Are made fromalternating layers of cinder rockand hardened lava.

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Mt. Masaya-Nicaragua

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Lets look at our mapagain.what do we

notice about wherethe majority of

earthquakes are??

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Are there any

earthquakes in

Saskatchewan???

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YES!!!!Actually, small earthquakes may occur

off of plate edges. These may occurbecause of smaller faults where salt

formerly filled the ground, and whenan outside force such as miningcauses the ground to move, anearthquake may be triggered.

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Ok, sooo..How does

an earthquake occur?

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Earthquakes occur along fault

lines, and when two sections ofthe earths crust shift positionsand rub against each other.

Most earthquakes occur on the

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Scientists gather information aboutthe earth by measuring vibrations

from earthquakes.To measure these vibrations you usea Seismograph.

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The focus of the earthquake is thepoint in the earth where energy is

first released, and seismic wavesare the vibrations sent out from thatenergy.

The recording of the vibrations that

look like zig-zag lines are calledseismograms.

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Types of Seismic waves:

P waves: fast moving compressionwaves, (move in a pattern much like acatterpillar) are the first ones to reachthe surface of the earth.S waves: shear waves are slowermoving, (and vibrate side to side) and

can not move through water.L waves: surface waves are theslowest types of waves, and travelalong the surface of the earth.

=

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Epicentre: this is the point on landdirectly above where the earthquakes

focus is.

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Earthquakes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcn1I6HrGVg

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What are some effects thatEarthquakes have??

To the environment? To the land?

To the people?