Volcanism

Volcanism

3 types of Volcanos on Earth: Composite volcanos or Stratovolcanos

Mt. Fuji, Japan

Volcanism

3 types of Volcanos on Earth: Composite volcanos or Stratovolcanos

2008 eruption of the Chaiten volcano, Chile. Credit: ALVARO VIDAL/AFP/Getty Images

Volcanism

3 types of Volcanos on Earth: Shield Volcanos

Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Volcanism

3 types of Volcanos on Earth: Shield Volcanos

1994 eruption of Krafla volcano, Iceland. Credit: USGS

Volcanism

3 types of Volcanos on Earth: Cinder Cones

SP Cinder Cone, Arizona

Volcanism

3 types of Volcanos on Earth: Cinder Cones

Cerro Negro volcano, Nicaragua, November 1969. Credit: USGS

Volcanism

Different magma types can be classified by their silica content:

 SiO2 CONTENT  MAGMA TYPE  VOLCANIC ROCK

 ~50%  Mafic  Basalt

 ~60%  Intermediate  Andesite

 ~65%  Felsic (low Si)  Dacite

 ~70%  Felsic (high Si)  Rhyolite

Volcanism

Stratovolcanos Form at convergent plate boundaries

Volcanism

Stratovolcanos Form at convergent plate boundaries

Volcanism

Shield Volcanos Form at divergent plate boundaries (rift zones) and at hot spots

Volcanism

Shield Volcanos Form at divergent plate boundaries (rift zones) and at hot spots

Volcanism

Cinder Cones Form on the flanks of larger volcanos or on their own

Volcanism

What kind of volcano is Olympus Mons?

Volcanism

What kind of volcano is Olympus Mons?

Volcanism

Other Martian volcanos…

Uranius Tholus

Ceraunius Tholus

Volcanism

Other Martian volcanos…