Fields of Training

Manual

Contents

Introduction 1

Fields of Training; Structure 2

Fields of Training; the Classification 4

How to Use the Manual 7

Field Descriptions 9

Alphabetic Code List 27

Systematic Code List 37

Introduction

Background

At a time when particular importance is attributed to theadequate preparation of people for working life,comprehensive, detailed and comparable infor-mation onparticipation in vocational education and training is aprerequisite for policy makers in order to successfullydevelop, monitor and evaluate training policies. This istrue for the whole range of vocational education andtraining, from initial vocational training for young peopleto continuing vocational training for those in employment.

While various data collections have been in place toimprove this information base, one aspect of training hasbeen systematically ignored in the past: the information onthe subjects learnt. This neglect originated from a simple,but fundamental fact - the lack of an internationallycomparable classification on which to found any datacollection.

Aim of the Classification

Although the recently revised International StandardClassification of Education (ISCED) does include aclassification by field of education, those fields have beenconsidered as too broad for the purpose of collectingpolicy-relevant data on fields of vocational education andtraining.

Thus, a sub-classification to the ISCED classification byfield of education has been created with the doubleobjective of providing more detail and precision, whilesimultaneously maintaining the logic and structure ofISCED. The new classification concerns ‘fields ofvocational education and training’; for short, the term‘fields of training’ is used.

Aim of the manual

The availability of a common classification can only be afirst step towards the collection of comparable data. Thereis some evidence that, in the past, internationalclassifications of education have not been applied in thesame manner in all countries. This has not been caused bysome large faults in the classification systems themselves,but rather by the lack of clear guidelines on how to applythe classifications.

It is therefore a second and crucial step to ensure theconsistent application of the classification across countries.Thus, it is the aim of this manual to offer clear guidelineson how to apply the classification for fields of vocationaltraining. This is done by both specifying a number ofgeneral rules to be observed when classifying andproviding detailed lists of examples.

All training programmes − both initial and continuingvocational education and training − in all Member Statesshould in principle be possible to classify into one and onlyone field of training. When doing this, some decisions haveto be made. With the help of this manual, all MemberStates should be in a position to take similar decisions.

Acknowledgements

The work on this manual has been jointly initiated andsupervised by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of theEuropean Communities, and Cedefop, the European Centrefor the Development of Vocational Training. We wouldlike to thank Mr Ronnie Andersson and Ms Anna-KarinOlsson (Statistics Sweden), who have prepared themanuscript, and Mr Roger Fox (FAS, Ireland), MsChristiane Krüger-Hemmer (Statistisches Bundesamt,Germany), Ms Joanna Selden (Department for Educationand Employment, United Kingdom) and Mr Max vanHerpen (Central Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands)for their critical comments and contributions as membersof the steering group. In the absence of this co-operation,this work could not have been achieved.

Fields of Training; Structure

Fields of Education in ISCED

The International Standard Classification of Education(ISCED) is designed by UNESCO to serve ‘as aninstrument suitable for assembling, compiling, andpresenting statistics of education both within individualcountries and internationally’. The system has recentlybeen revised and updated, and the ‘new’ ISCED wasintroduced in 1997.

ISCED 97 uses a 2-digit code in a hierarchical systemfor classifying fields; one for ‘broad fields’ and one for‘narrow fields’. There are 9 ‘broad fields’ and 25‘narrow fields’. International education statistics arebased on ‘narrow fields’; ‘broad fields’ are mainly usedfor aggregation. The ‘narrow fields’ are called ‘fields ofeducation’ in this manual.

A third digit for vocational training

For classifying vocational training, a new ‘digit’ hasbeen created within the ISCED system for fields. Athird digit has been added which represents ‘fields oftraining’ as illustrated on the next page. Altogether,there are about 65 ‘fields of training’.

Each field of training consists of a number of trainingprogrammes. The field descriptions in this manual,together with the code lists, one systematic and onealphabetic, are meant to be used as guidelines whenclassifying each programme. The purpose of this is tostandardise the decisions that each country has to make,so that borderline cases are treated in the same way inall Member States.

Training programmes

The classification aims to classify training programmes.For the purpose of this classification the ILO definitionof a ‘training programme’ as a ”Group of trainingactivities for a particular occupation defined in terms ofsubject matter to be covered, objectives, targetpopulation, methodology, duration, content and results“has been used. Contrary to some other definitions of‘programme’ in use, this definition specifies subjectmatter and content.

As ‘Fields of training’ is a classification of trainingprogrammes, this means that the classification can beapplied to all kind of statistics involving training i.e.statistics on participation in vocational trainingprogrammes as well as statistics on diplomas anddegrees obtained from vocational training programmes.In extension, it can also be used for statistics oneducational attainment.

Fields of education in the ISCED 97

Broad fieldsFields of education

General ProgrammesBasic programmesLiteracy and numeracyPersonal development

EducationTeacher training and education science

Humanities and ArtsArtsHumanities

Social sciences, Business and LawSocial and behavioural scienceJournalism and informationBusiness and administrationLaw

ScienceLife sciencePhysical scienceMathematics and statisticsComputing

Engineering, Manufacturing and ConstructionEngineering and engineering tradesManufacturing and processingArchitecture and building

AgricultureAgriculture, forestry and fisheryVeterinaryHealth and WelfareHealthSocial servicesServicesPersonal servicesTransport servicesEnvironmental protectionSecurity servicesNot known or unspecified

Structure for fields of training

Broad fields Fields of education Fields of training Programmes/Subjects(ISCED) (ISCED)

X XX XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

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XX XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . ..

XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . ..

XX XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . ..

XX XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . ..

XXX . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . ..

Subject content approach

The rationale of the classification for fields of training isthe subject content approach1. The training programmes(programme groups) are put together by closeness insubject matter content. Then these programme groups areaggregated to detailed, narrow and broad fields, based on‘knowledge closeness’. It must be emphasised that it is themain content of the programme which decides into whichfield it should be classified.

Thus, the distinction between fields does not take intoaccount the personal purposes of the participation in theprogrammes (pleasure, leisure, to get a job etc), nor is theintended occupation explicitly taken into account.

1 When developing the classification system for fields ofvocational training, the rationale of the system was discussed alot. There seemed to be two main ways of classifying trainingprogrammes into fields, by intended occupation or by subjectcontent. Some Member States recommended a system based onintended occupation. Anyhow, most Member States wanted asystem linked to ISCED, and therefore the subject contentapproach was chosen. More information about the rationalebehind the classification and the relation to ISCO (InternationalStandard Classification of Occupations) may be found in thedocument ‘Fields of training, Proposal’ Development of aninternationally comparable classification for fields of vocationaleducation and training. Memo, Statistics Sweden, 31 May 1996.

Fields - independent of level

It is worth mentioning the fact that training fields are notdefined within levels, but are independent of levels. It isrecognised, however, that not all fields appear at alllevels.

Long vocational training programmes at uppersecondary level

In some Member States there are long (2-3 years)vocational training programmes, often at upper secondarylevel, which lead to a certain vocational qualification e.g.car mechanic. In these programmes, more time may bedevoted to other supporting subjects than the ‘intendedoccupation’ subject. Such programmes should all the samebe classified into the appropriate vocational field; e.g. forcar mechanics field 525 ‘Motor vehicles, ships andaircraft’.

The specific case of teacher training

Teacher training programmes consisting primarily of asubject-matter speciality could either be classified asteacher training or in terms of discipline taught. In thisclassification for fields of training, all teacher trainingprogrammes are classified as ‘Teaching and training’, evenif the main content is a subject-matter speciality.

Engineering programmes

Engineering programmes should normally be included insome of the fields under 52 (Engineering and engineeringtrades) or, if civil engineering / constructional engineering,under 58 (Architecture and building). This should be thecase even if they are oriented towards computing, mediatechniques, environmental protection, textiles, food etc ifthe emphasis is on designing and constructing machinery,engines, electrical devices, electronics, computers etc orbuildings, roads and bridges.

Fields of Training; the ClassificationThe hierarchical system of ISCED’s fields, including fields of training, can be seen in the overview below. There are 9 broadfields, 25 fields of education and about 65 fields of training in the system. It should be pointed out that the broad fields aremainly meant for aggregation and thus not an important part of the classification system.The field descriptions, given on page 9−26 describe more exactly how training programmes are allocated to the different fieldsof training.It should be noted that it is the main subject content of a training programme (or a group of training programmes) whichdecides into which field of training it should be classified.

Broad fields Fields of education Fields of training

0 General 01 Basic programmes 010 Basic programmesProgrammes2 08 Literacy and numeracy 080 Literacy and numeracy

09 Personal development 090 Personal development

1 Education 14 Teacher training and 141 Teaching and trainingeducation science 142 Education science

2 Humanities 21 Arts 211 Fine artsand Arts 212 Music and performing arts

213 Audio-visual techniques and media production214 Design215 Craft skills

22 Humanities 221 Religion and theology222 Foreign languages and cultures223 Mother tongue224 History, philosophy and related subjects

3 Social sciences, 31 Social and behavioural science 310 Social and behavioural scienceBusinessand Law 32 Journalism and information 321 Journalism and reporting

322 Library, information, archive

34 Business and administration 341 Wholesale and retail sales342 Marketing and advertising343 Finance, banking, insurance344 Accounting and taxation345 Management and administration346 Secretarial and office work347 Working life

38 Law 380 Law

2 ‘General’ in this context has nothing to do with ‘General’ as opposite to ‘Vocational’, but refers to basic skills and personal development.

Broad fields Fields of education Fields of training

4 Science 42 Life science 420 Life science

44 Physical science 440 Physical science

46 Mathematics and statistics 460 Mathematics and statistics

48 Computing 481 Computer science482 Computer use

5 Engineering, 52 Engineering and 521 Mechanics and metal workManufacturing and engineering trades 522 Electricity and energy

Construction 523 Electronics and automation524 Chemical and process525 Motor vehicles, ships and aircraft

54 Manufacturing and 541 Food processingprocessing 542 Textiles, clothes, footwear, leather

543 Materials (wood, paper, plastic, glass)544 Mining and extraction

58 Architecture and building 581 Architecture and town planning582 Building and civil engineering

6 Agriculture 62 Agriculture, forestry 621 Crop and livestock productionand fishery 622 Horticulture

623 Forestry624 Fisheries

64 Veterinary 640 Veterinary

7 Health and 72 Health 721 MedicineWelfare 722 Medical services

723 Nursing724 Dental studies

76 Social services 761 Child care and youth services762 Social work and counselling

8 Services 81 Personal services 811 Hotel, restaurant and catering812 Travel, tourism and leisure813 Sports814 Domestic services815 Hair and beauty services

84 Transport services 840 Transport services

85 Environmental protection 850 Environmental protection

86 Security services 861 Protection of property and persons862 Occupational health and safety863 Military

9 Not known/ 99 Not known or unspecified. 999 Not known or unspecifiedunspecified

When classifying broad programmes, the ‘0’ should be used in the third position. See next page.

Inter-disciplinary programs

‘Inter-disciplinary programs’ has here the meaning ofprogrammes combining particularly two vocational fields,often from different fields of education. For theseprograms, the ‘majority rule’ should be used.

In Example 1 subjects fall into two different fields ofeducation. Use the majority rule; you are more or lessobliged to do that.

Example 1:A programme that mainly includes subjects within the areaof computer science should be allocated to field 481(‘Computer science’) even if a certain amount of computerengineering (field 523 ‘Electronics and automation’) isincluded.

In Example 2 subjects fall into the same field of educationbut in two different fields of training. Even in this case, usethe majority rule. The programme is not broad enough tobe considered as a ‘broad programme’ according to thedefinition given below.

Example 2:A programme combining study of retail sales with study ofoffice work should be classified according to which of thefields dominates; 341 ‘Wholesale and retail sales’ or 346‘Secretarial and office work’.

Broad programmes

‘Broad programmes’ here means that a training programmecomprises parts from several fields of training, mainlywithin the same field of education, and none of the fieldsof training is clearly dominating. These broad programmesshould be classified by using ‘0’ as the third digit3 . Notethat the ‘0’ will be used for information about broadprogrammes, and should not be used as a rest code.

Examples 3:A programme in business and administration, consisting ofmanagement, financing, sales and marketing etc. shouldbe classified as 340 ‘Broad programmes in business’.

3 This is applicable only for the fields of education that aredivided into two or more fields of training, and is expected to beused especially under 34 ‘Business and administration’ and 52‘Engineering and engineering trades’

By way of exception, the ‘0’ can be used for broadprogrammes both as the second and third digit.

Example 4:A broad programme in health and welfare coveringseveral fields of training, could be classified as 700 ifemphasis is not given to either health or social welfare.

Programmes aiming at one specific vocational fieldconsisting also of supporting subjects from other fields arenot considered as broad programmes in this context.

Example 5:In a programme in electrical installation, more time maybe devoted to other supporting subjects (language,mathematics, natural science etc.) than the intendedvocation subject. However, this programme should beclassified as 522 ‘Electricity and energy’ and not as abroad programme.

Not specified or not able to classify

As a last resort the ‘9’ may be used in the third position if

− available information about a programmes is notenough, or if− a specific program is not capable of classificationinto any of the fields of training.

By way of exception, the ‘9’ can be used both in thesecond and the third position.

Example 6:A programme in health, where more information is notavailable, should be classified as 729.

The ‘9’ must also be used sometimes when classifyinggroups of programmes.

Examples 7:In a national classification system a code for ‘Engineeringn.e.c (not elsewhere classified)’ exists. 529 should be usedwhen classifying this programme group if it is not knownwhich field of training dominates.A code exists for ‘Industry programmes n.e.c.’ Here 599may be used, if it is not known which type of programmesdominate (field 52 or field 54

How to Use the Manual

Two ways of classifying

The aim of this manual is to assist the Member States toclassify their training programmes by field and do it in thesame or at least in a similar way. Comparability isimportant in international education statistics, and thismanual will hopefully help in obtaining bettercomparability between the Member States concerningfields of training.

There are at least two ways to classify national trainingprogrammes by the international classification on fields oftraining. First, if a national classification system forclassifying education and training programmes exists in thecountry, then a key or a cross-walk between the nationaland the international classification can be made. Second, ifthere is no national classification system or for somereason the national classification is not suitable, then eachvocational training programme in the country must beclassified by fields of training.

Note, before starting with the classification, irrespective ofmethod, it is important to know about and understand thestructure of the classification system for fields of training.

Key to the National Classification

Some Member States use a national classification systemfor classifying all or some of their education and trainingprogrammes. In that case a key between the national andthe international classification could be made.

The best approach is to classify all national codes byfields of training. For some countries, which have a verycomprehensive and detailed classification system, thismeans a lot of work. The work can, at least in thebeginning, be reduced by classifying only programmesincluded in data collections concerning vocationaleducation and training. It should be noted however, thatall existing educational programmes must be classified byfields of education in ISCED when reporting statistics tothe international organisations on other occasions.

How to make a key to a national classification:

❶ Each code in the national classification systemrepresents one or several programmes. When finding thecorresponding code for fields of training, look at theoverview of the classification on page 4-5. Start bydeciding which of the fields of education should bereferred to. Go on and look at the fields of training. Inmany cases, it is more or less obvious which code is, orat least seems to be, the corresponding one.

❷ When you have found an appropriate code, checkthe description given in the field descriptions on page 9-26 to confirm that it is the right code.

❸ If you need more help; look in the alphabetic codelist at the end of the manual. If you find a possible codethere, check the description given on page 9-26 to see ifit really is the right code before using it.

Classifying Vocational Training Programmes

When classifying vocational training programmes themethod is similar to the method given on the previouspage, except that the current national training programmesthemselves are classified by fields of training. This is a farmore easy method, and it is often easier to find theappropriate code. However, it does not give a key that canbe used more generally which is the case with the firstmethod.

Which method to use?

It is not possible to give a general recommendation onwhich of the methods to use; that depends to a great extenton how the national classification is constructed.

If the national classification is too aggregated, then itmay be necessary to classify the vocational trainingprograms directly, likewise if the national classificationsystem is structured completely differently from the fieldsof training classification.

How to classify training programmes directly

❶ When classifying a programme, look at theoverview of the classification on page 4−5. Start bydeciding which field of education it should be classifiedinto. Go on and look at fields of training. In many cases,it is more or less obvious which field the programmebelongs to.

❷ When you have found an appropriate code, checkthe description given in the field descriptions on page 9-26 to confirm that it is the right code.

❸ If it is not obvious into which field a programmeshould be classified, or if you need more help, look upthe name of the programme in the alphabetic code list onpage 27. Then, check the description given in the fielddescriptions on page 9-26 to see if it is the right code.

Field DescriptionsThis part of the manual describes each field of training with regard to the subject content of the field. When classifying trainingprogrammes, it is very important to look at these descriptions of the content and see which field that best corresponds to theprogramme or the programme group that is to be classified.If classifying only from the names of the training programmes, large mistakes may be made. Specially, this is the case withsome popular terms like ‘communication’, ‘management’ etc, which are used in many contexts. Also, one programme namemight have different meanings in different countries. So, be careful with the names of the programmes and, as far as possible,consider the main subject content of the programmes instead.Note that the lists of training programmes given under each field description below are not complete. On page 37 - 46 a morecomprehensive list of programmes/subjects is found

010 Basic programmesBasic programmes are programmes designed to give abasic education in reading, writing and arithmetic alongwith an elementary understanding of other subjects such ashistory, geography, natural science, social science, art andmusic, and in some cases religious instructions is featured.Basic programmes are normally given at primary and lowersecondary level. General programmes at upper secondarylevel with no special subject emphasis are also classifiedhere. Training programmes are classified here only by wayof exception.

080 Literacy and numeracy

Literacy and numeracy are programmes arranged mainlyfor illiterate adults, designed to teach basic reading, writingand sometimes arithmetic. The typical age range can beused to distinguish between field 010 ‘Basic programmes’and this field. Training programmes with the followingmain content are classified here:

Basic remedial programmes for adultsLiteracyNumeracy

090 Personal development

Personal development programmes can be defined byreference to the effects on the individual’s capacity(mental, social etc.). This field covers personaldevelopment programmes, not included in 010 ‘Basicprogrammes’ or 080 ‘Literacy and numeracy’, giving keycompetencies and transferable skills. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

Argumentation and presentationCommunication skillsCo-operationDevelopment of behavioural capacitiesDevelopment of mental skillsJob-seeking programmesPublic speakingSelf esteem skillsSocial competenceTime management

Inclusions:Training in leadership in the context of personaldevelopment is included in this field.

Training related to the working place or to theassignments is included in this field if it has more to dowith personal development than work development.

Exclusions:Study of leadership in the context of management isexcluded from this group and included in field 345‘Management and administration’.

141 Teaching and training

Teaching and training are programmes dealing with thetheory and practice of teaching, intended to preparepersons to undertake teaching, mostly at a certain level ofeducation in the school system. Programmes for vocationaltrainers are also included. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Early childhood teachingPrimary teachingSecondary teachingSpecial education teachingTeacher training in a specialised subjectTraining of driving instructorsTraining of instructors in companies etc.Training of trainers

Inclusions:Teacher training programmes consisting primarily of asubject-matter speciality are included in this field. Trainingprogrammes for teachers in theoretical subjects(mathematics, history, foreign languages etc) are included,as well as training programs for teachers inaesthetic/practical and vocational subjects.

Training of trainers for work is included in this field.Training of driving instructors is included in this field.

Exclusions:Training of sport trainers are excluded from this field andincluded in field 813 ‘Sports’.

142 Education science

Education science is the study of the learning process andthe theories, methods and techniques of impartingknowledge to others. Teacher training programmes are notincluded, but training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

DidacticsEducation scienceEducational assessment, testing and measurementEducational evaluation and researchPedagogical sciences

Exclusions:Teacher training programmes are excluded from this fieldand included in field 141 ‘Teaching and training’.

211 Fine arts

Fine arts is the study of visual forms of creativeexpressions, dealing with theory, history, techniques,performance and production in fine arts, especiallypainting and sculpture. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Art theoryEtchingFine art printmakingHistory of artPaintingPhilosophy of artSculpture

Exclusions:Training in ceramics, pottery etc is excluded from thisfield and included in field 215 ‘Craft skills’.

Study of architecture is excluded from this field andincluded in field 581 ‘Architecture and town planning’.

Teacher training in arts is excluded from this field andincluded in field 141 ‘Teaching and training’.

212 Music and performing arts

Music and performing arts is the study of the principlesand techniques associated with performance involvingmusic, speech, movement, mime, characterisation,improvisation and stage craft. Training programmes withthe following main content are classified here:

Acting and directingChoreographyCircusComposition (music)Conducting (music)Dance (art)DramaMusicTheatre

Inclusions:Study of music and performing arts history and theory isincluded in this field.

Exclusions:Teacher training in music and other performing arts isexcluded from this field and included in field 141‘Teaching and training’.

213 Audio-visual techniques and media production

Audio-visual techniques and media production is thestudy of techniques and skills to produce books,newspapers, radio/TV production, film/video production,recorded music production and graphic reproduction. Itincludes programmes in methods of colour reproduction,photography and computer graphics. Study of combiningpictures, words and decorations in the production of books,magazines, posters, adverts etc. is also included. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

BookbindingCamera operatingCompositing (printing)Computer type-settingFilm productionGraphic designGraphic reproductionIllustrationMedia techniquesPhotographyPrintingPublishing design, lay-outRadio and TV productionRecorded music productionSound techniqueType-setting

Inclusions:Training programmes in desktop publishing and lay-outare included in this field.

Exclusions:Separate training programmes in using specific softwareapplications for desktop publishing are excluded from thisfield and included in field 482 ‘Computer use’.

Study of journalism (wording and content of messages)is excluded from this field and included in field 321‘Journalism and reporting’.

214 Design

Design is the study of creatively combining line, form andfabric in designing and constructing e.g. fashion garments,industrial products and interiors. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

Costume designDesign of industrial productsFashion designInterior architectureInterior designStage designingWindow dressing

Exclusions:Building design is excluded from this field and included infield 581 ‘Architecture and town planning’. Industrialdesign is excluded from this field if emphasis is given totechnical subjects and not to artistic design, and includedin the appropriate field under 52 ‘Engineering andengineering trades’.

Publishing design and graphic design is excluded fromthis field and included in field 213 ‘Audio-visualtechniques and media production’.

215 Craft skills

Craft skills is the study of techniques and skills in a chosenaspect of handicraft, such as jewellery, pottery, weaving,woodcarving etc. Training programmes with the followingmain content are classified here:

CeramicsCrafts, folk arts and artisanryDecorative metal craftsEmbroideryFloristry (flower arranging)Glass arts and craftGoldsmithingHandicraftsJewelleryMaking of musical instruments (not industrial)Musical instruments (repairing and tuning)SilversmithingStone carving (craft)Weaving (art)Woodcarving

Exclusions:Study of industrial production of pottery, woven materials,embroidery etc. is excluded from this field and included insome of the detailed fields under broad field 5‘Engineering, manufacturing and construction’.

221 Religion and theology

Religion and theology is the study of religious beliefs,concepts, symbols, expressions, text and spirituality.Training programmes with the following main content isclassified here:

Bible studies

Missionary studiesReligious historyStudy of different religionsTheology

Inclusions:Included in this field are programmes for children andyoung people, usually given in religious schools orseminars, in monasteries etc, aiming to develop an interestin the tenets of their religion and sufficient familiarity withits philosophy to assist in the propagation of their faith.

Exclusions:Basic programmes given in religious schools, seminars etc.containing religious instruction but not emphasising it orleading to a religious vocation, are excluded from this fieldand included in 010 ‘Basic programmes’.

222 Foreign languages and cultures

Foreign languages and cultures is the study of thestructure and composition of foreign languages. It includesthe study of related cultures, literature and linguistics.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Foreign languagesInterpretation programmesLanguages, ‘dead’Second languagesTranslation programmes

Inclusions:Foreign languages is the study of a language being taughtas a foreign language or a second language. A secondlanguage means a national language taught to pupils whosemain language is another language.

Exclusions:Programmes teaching the mother tongue, even if thislanguage is not the national language (e.g programmes forimmigrants teaching their mother tongue) are excludedfrom this field and included in filed 223 ‘Mother tongue’.

Study of foreign cultures is excluded from this field ifnot related to the study of a foreign language, andincluded in field 310 ‘Social and behavioural science’.

223 Mother tongue

Mother tongue is the study of the native language,including the study of related literature and linguistics.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Creative writingHome languageLanguages, nativeMother tongue programmesProof-reading programmesSign language

Inclusions:Mother tongue is study of a language taught as the mothertongue, even if the language is not the national language ofthe country, e.g. programmes for immigrants in their homelanguage.

Exclusions:National language programmes are excluded from this fieldif the language is taught as a foreign or a secondlanguage, and are then included in 222 ‘Foreign languagesand cultures’.

224 History, philosophy and related subjects

History, philosophy and related subjects is the study ofhistory, archaeology, philosophy, logic, ethics and otherrelated subjects. This field consists to a large extent of non-vocational education. Programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

ArchaeologyEthicsHistoryHistory of literatureHistory of science and ideasLogicPhilosophy

Exclusions:If study of literature is combined with study of a speciallanguage it is excluded from this field and included in field222 ‘Foreign languages and cultures’ or 223 ‘Mothertongue’.

310 Social and behavioural science

Social and behavioural science is the study of thebehaviour of humans, their interaction and socialorganisation. It includes the study of politics andeconomics. The field consists to a large extent of non-vocational education. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Anthropology (except physical anthropology)CriminologyDemography/population studiesEconomic historyEconomicsEthnologyHuman rightsPeace and conflict studiesPolitical economyPolitical sciencePsychologySocial geographySociology

Exclusions:Social welfare programmes where emphasis is given topractical social work are excluded from this field andincluded in field 762 ‘Social work and counselling’.

Study of economics where emphasis is given tobusiness studies is excluded from this field and classifiedas 340 ‘Broad programmes in business and administration’.

321 Journalism and reporting

Journalism and reporting is the study of the theory andpractices of journalism/reporting as part of the field ofmass communication. Journalism and reporting is about thewording and content of messages. It comprises newsreporting, writing commentaries and feature stories ofpublic interest etc. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Broadcast journalismInformation (wording and content)JournalismMass communication (wording and content)News reporting

Exclusions:Study of techniques for mass communication (e.g. printingand radio/TV production) is excluded from this field andincluded in field 213 ‘Audio-visual techniques and mediaproduction’.

Study of lay-out and publishing design is excludedfrom this field and included in field 213 ‘Audio-visualtechniques and media production’.

Study of public relations is excluded from this fieldand included in field 342 ‘Marketing and advertising’.

322 Library, information, archive

Library, information, archive is the study of the methodsof selecting, acquiring, organising and storing collectionsof information, and facilitating the use of information.Library programmes are included in this field. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

Archival sciencesDocumentationInformation scienceLibrary programmesMuseum documentation

341 Wholesale and retail sales

Wholesale and retail sales is the study of buying andselling goods and services, including stock management,pricing practice, loss prevention, sale systems andprocedures. It includes the study of the workings andcurrent trends of the wholesale and retail industries. Sellingof buildings and properties is also included. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

AuctioneeringConsumer servicesDemonstration techniquesPurchasingReal-estate businessRetailing

Stock-keepingWare-housingWholesaling

Inclusions:Study of buying and selling buildings and properties isincluded in this field.

342 Marketing and advertising

Marketing and advertising is the study of exchangeprocesses of goods and services between organisationsand/or individuals, and the study of consumer behaviourand requirements. It includes the study of the role ofproduct development, pricing, distribution, promotion andsales in order to maximise business performance. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

AdvertisingMarket researchMarketingMerchandisingPublic relations

343 Finance, banking, insurance

Finance, banking, insurance is the study of planning,directing, organising and controlling financial activitiesand services. It includes the control and monitoring of thefinancial resources of organisations, institutions andindividuals, and the provision of financial services at thecorporate and individual level. Training programmes withthe following main content are classified here:

Bank teller programmesBanking and financeFinance theoryInsuranceInvestment analysisInvestments and securitiesPension insuranceSocial insuranceStock-broking

Exclusions:Study of actuarial science is excluded from this field andincluded in field 460 ‘Mathematics and statistics’.

344 Accounting and taxation

Accounting and taxation is the study of maintaining,auditing and recording financial transactions. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

AccountingAuditingBookkeepingTax accounting

345 Management and administration

Management and administration is the study of planning,directing and operating the functions and activities oforganisations and institutions. Programmes in managementalso including administration, economics, finance etc. areincluded in this field if emphasis is given to managementand administration. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

AdministrationEducational managementEmployment managementLogistic managementManagement scienceOffice managementOrganisational theory and behaviourPersonnel administrationPersonnel managementStart your own business-coursesTraining management

Inclusions:Study of leadership in the context of management isincluded in this field.

Exclusions:Study of administration in the meaning of office work isexcluded from this field and included in field 346‘Secretarial and office work’.

Training of leadership in the context of personaldevelopment is excluded from this field and included infield 090 ‘Personal development’.

346 Secretarial and office work

Secretarial and office work is the study of administrativeprocedures and practises, office technology and clerical,shorthand and keyboard skills. Specialised secretarialprogrammes (bilingual, medical, law, accounting etc) areincluded if the programme is aiming to secretarial work,rather than work as specialised assistants. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

Administrative and secretarial servicesClerical programmesData entryForeign language secretary programmesKeyboard skillsLegal secretary programmesMedical secretary programmesOperation of office machinesReceptionist trainingSecretarial programmesShorthandSwitchboard operatingTyping

Inclusions:Broad secretarial programmes comprising among otherthing computer courses are included in this field

Exclusions:Separate training programmes in using a specific

computer software are excluded from this field andincluded in 482 ‘Computer use’

Office management is excluded from this group andincluded in field 345 ‘Management and administration’.

Hotel receptionist training programmes are excludedfrom this field and included in field 811 ‘Hotel, restaurantand catering’.

347 Working life

Working life is the study of the structure and function ofworking life. It includes programmes, mainly given as stafftraining, related to the working place and to theassignments. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Company knowledgeIntroductory coursesMeeting clients’ needsOrganisationQuality assuranceTrade union courses (general)Work development

Inclusions:Staff training related to the working place or theassignments is included in this field if not possible toclassify into any other fields.

Exclusions:Training related to the working place or the assignments isexcluded from this field if it has more to do with personaldevelopment than work development and is included infield 090 ‘Personal development’.

Programmes that can be classified to any other field isexcluded from this field and included in the appropriatefield. E.g. quality courses should, if technical, be includedin some of the fields under 52 ‘Engineering andengineering trades’.

380 Law

Law is the study of the principles and procedures forformally maintaining social order, including training forlegal professions such as advocate or training for thejudical bench. Training programmes with the followingmain content are classified here:

Commercial lawCriminal justice studiesHistory of lawJurisprudenceLabour lawLegal practice

420 Life science

Life science is the study of the structure, function,reproduction, growth, evolution and behaviour of all livingorganisms. It comprises the study of biological and related

sciences. This field consists to a large extent of non-vocational education. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

BiochemistryBiologyBotanyGeneticsPharmacologyToxicologyZoology

Inclusions:Study of chemical processes in living organisms(biochemistry, toxicology, pharmacology etc.) is includedin this field.

Exclusions:Study of environmental science and ecology, which isstudy of the relation between living organisms and theenvironment, is excluded from this field and included infield 850 ‘Environmental protection’.

440 Physical science

Physical science is the study of matter and energy and thetransformation patterns linking them. It comprises thestudy of physics, chemistry and earth science. The fieldconsists to a large extent of non-vocational education.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

AstronomyChemistryEarth scienceGeography (nature)GeologyMeteorologyOpticsPhysicsSeismologySpace science

Inclusions:Chemistry is included in this field.

Exclusions:Biochemistry is excluded from this field and included infield 420 ‘Life science’.

Social/human geography is excluded from this fieldand included in field 310 ‘Social and behavioural science’.

460 Mathematics and statistics

Mathematics is study of abstract deductive systems,numerical facts, data and their applications. It includesalgebra, arithmetic, geometry, real and complex analysisand applied mathematics. Statistics is the study ofcollecting, describing, arranging and analysing numericaldata Training programmes with the following main contentare classified here:

Actuarial scienceGeometryMathematical statisticsMathematicsNumerical analysisProbability theoryStatistics

481 Computer science

Computer science is the study of the design anddevelopment of computer systems and computingenvironments. It includes the study of the design,maintenance and integration of software applications.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Computer scienceComputer programmingComputer system analysisComputer system designElectronic data processingNetwork administrationOperating systemsProgramming languages (Visual Basic, C++ etc.)

Exclusions:Computer engineering (hardware) is excluded from thisfield and included in field 523 ‘Electronics andautomation’.

Training programmes in using computer applicationsare excluded from this field and included in field 482‘Computer use’.

482 Computer use

Computer use is the study of using computers andcomputer software and applications for different purposes.These programmes are generally of short duration.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Computer useSoftware for calculating (spreadsheets)Software for data processingSoftware for desk top publishingSoftware for word processingUse of Internet

521 Mechanics and metal work

Mechanics and metal work (Engineering and engineeringtrades) is the study of planning, designing, developing,producing, maintaining and monitoring machines,mechanical plants and systems and metal products. Itincludes designing and maintaining machines whichproduce goods and services. The focus of programmes inthis field is machines, mechanical systems and metalproducts. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

GunsmithHydraulicsLocksmith and safe repairerMechanical engineeringMechanical trades programmesMetal casting and patternmakingMetal fitting, turning and machiningMetallurgical engineeringPrecision mechanicsSheetmetal workingSteel productionTool and die makingWelding

Exclusions:Study of motor vehicle mechanics and engineering isexcluded from this field and included in field 525 ‘Motorvehicles, ships and aircraft’.

522 Electricity and energy

Electricity (Engineering and engineering trades) is thestudy of installing, maintaining, repairing and diagnosingfaults in electrical wiring and related equipment indomestic, commercial and industrial establishments.Installation and maintenance of overhead and undergroundelectrical power distribution networks is included. Energyis the study of energy generation. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

Air-conditioning trades programmesClimate engineeringElectrical appliances repairingElectrical engineeringElectrical fittingElectrical power generationElectrical trades programmesEnergy programmesGas distributionHeating trades programmesNuclear, hydraulic and thermal energyPower productionPowerline installation and maintenanceRefrigeration

Inclusions:The study of installing, diagnosing faults in and repairingheating, air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment isincluded in this field.

Exclusions:Study of vehicle electricity is excluded from this field andincluded in field 525 ‘Motor vehicles’.

523 Electronics and automation

Electronics and automation (Engineering and engineeringtrades) is the study of planning, designing, developingmaintaining and monitoring electronic equipment,machinery and systems. It includes designing computersand equipment for communication. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

Broadcasting electronicsCommunication systemsCommunications equipment installationCommunications equipment maintenanceComputer engineeringComputer repairingControl engineeringData processing technologyDigital technologyElectronic engineeringElectronic equipment servicingNetwork technologyRoboticsTelecommunication technologyTelevision and radio repairing

Exclusions:Computer science (design of computer systems andsoftware applications) is excluded from this group andincluded in 481 ‘Computer science’.

524 Chemical and process

Chemical and process (Engineering and engineeringtrades) is the study of planning, designing, and developingproducts and processes where chemical and physicalchanges occur. It includes designing chemical plants andcontrol systems. Training programmes with the followingmain content are classified here:

Biochemical technologiesBiotechnology engineeringChemical engineeringChemical process engineeringLaboratory technologyOil/gas/petrochemicals processingPlant and machine operation (processing)Process technology

Inclusions:Programmes in laboratory technology are included in thisfield if emphasis is not given to a specific application.

Exclusions:Laboratory technology programmes are excluded from thisfield if emphasis is given to a specific application(biological, physical, medical, dental etc.) and are includedunder appropriate field (420, 440, 722, 724 etc)

525 Motor vehicles, ships and aircraft

Motor vehicles, ships and aircraft (Engineering andengineering trades) is the study of designing, developing,producing, maintaining, diagnosing faults in, repairing andservicing motor vehicles, including earth movingequipment and agriculture machines. Typical is thecombining of studies in both metal structures and motors.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Air craft engineeringAir craft maintenanceAutomotive electricsAutomotive engineeringCoachworkMotorcycle engineeringPanel beatingShipbuildingVarnishers/sprayersVehicle building and repairing

Inclusions:Study of vehicle electricity is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study of producing and repairing non-motor vehicles isexcluded from this field and included in 521 ‘Mechanicsand metal work’ (e.g. bicycles) or 543 ‘Materials; wood,paper, plastic, glass’ (e.g. boats, non-motor).

541 Food processing

Food processing (Manufacturing and processing) is thestudy of processing and packaging of food and beverages,and the equipment and procedures used in the productionand distribution of foods. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

BakingBeer brewingButcheringConfectionaryDairy foodsFood and drink processingFood preservationFood science and technologyMeat processingPastry cookingTobacco processingWine production

Inclusions:Study of food handling and food hygiene is included in thisfield.

Exclusions:Restaurant and catering programmes are excluded fromthis group and included in field 811 ‘Hotel, restaurant andcatering’.

Nutritional science is excluded from this field andincluded in field 722 ‘Medical services’.

542 Textiles, clothes, footwear, leather

Textiles, clothes, footwear, leather (Manufacturing andprocessing) is the study of the manufacture of textiles,textile and leather products, clothing and related items,shoes and other forms of footwear. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

Clothing trades programmesDressmakingFootwear makingFur makingGarment productionLeather processingSaddleryShoemakingSkins and leather productionSpinningTailoringTextile trades programmesUpholsteryWeaving (industrial)Wool science

Exclusions:Handicraft programmes (weaving, embroidery etc.) areexcluded from this field and included in field 215 ‘Craftskills’.

543 Materials (wood, paper, plastic, glass)

Materials (Manufacturing and processing) is the study ofthe manufacturing of products in wood, paper, plastic,glass or other materials like stone, clay, artificial materialsetc. Training programmes with the following main contentare classified here:

Boat building (non-motor)Cabinet makingCarpentry (not building)Ceramics (industrial)Furniture makingGlass working (industrial)Industrial diamond productionPaper manufacturing and processingPlastic manufacturingRubber manufacturingTimber technologyWood machining and turningWoodwork trades programmes

Exclusions:Handicraft programmes (glass arts and crafts, woodcarvingetc) are excluded from this field and included in field 215‘Craft skills’.

Study of building carpentry and joinery is excludedfrom this field and included in field 582 ‘Building and civilengineering’.

Study of chemical processing is excluded from thisfield and included infield 524 ‘Chemical and process’.

Study of printing and bookbinding is excluded fromthis field and included in field 213 ‘Audio-visualtechniques and media production’.

544 Mining and extraction

Mining and extraction (Manufacturing and processing) isthe study of planning, developing, assessing and directingthe extraction of minerals, oil and gas from the earth.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Coal miningMineral technologyMining engineering and technologyOil and gas extractionRaw material extraction

Inclusions:Study of mining engineering is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study of metallurgical engineering is excluded from thisfield and included in 521 ‘Mechanics and metal work’

Study of geology is excluded from this field andincluded in field 440 ‘Physical science’.

581 Architecture and town planning

Architecture is the study of the art, science and techniquesof building design. It encompasses both utilitarian ends −such as the soundness of the structure and the functionaland economic efficiency of the building − and aestheticconsiderations. Town planning is the study of theregulated growth and improvement of towns in bothfunctional and aesthetical points of view. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

Architectural urban design and planningArchitectureBuilding designCartography/Land surveyingCity planningCommunity developmentCommunity planningLandscape architectureStructural architectureSurveyingTown and country planningUrban planning

Inclusions:Study of cartography and surveying is included in thisfield

Exclusions:Study of interior design is excluded from this field andincluded in field 214 ‘Design’.

582 Building and civil engineering

Building is the study of the science, technology andtechniques of assembling, erecting and maintaining public,commercial, industrial and residential structures and theirfittings. Civil engineering is the study of planning,designing, testing and directing the construction of largescale buildings and structures, including systems fortransport, water supply, sewage etc. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

BricklayingBridge constructionBuilding constructionBuilding engineeringBuilding technologyCarpentry and joinery (building)Civil engineeringConstructional metalwork (building)Dock and harbour engineeringFloor and wall tilingFloor coveringMason and tile settingMasonryPainting and wall coveringPlasteringPlumbing and pipefittingRoad buildingWater engineering and technologyWater supply and sewerage engineeringVentilation

Exclusions:Installation of electricity is excluded from this field andincluded in field 522 ‘Electricity and energy’. Similarly,installing and repairing of heating, air-conditioning andrefrigeration equipment is excluded from this field andincluded in field 522 ‘Electricity and energy’.

621 Crop and livestock production

Crop and livestock production (agriculture) is the study ofgrowing, maintaining and harvesting crops and pastures,and grazing and managing animals. It includes the study ofmanaging and maintaining farms and producingunprocessed plant and animal products. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

Agricultural economicsAgricultural sciencesAgronomy and crop scienceAnimal husbandryCrop husbandryDog breedingFarm and ranch managementFarmingFruit growingGrain growingHorse breedingPig farmingPoultry husbandryRye and wheat growingSheep farming

Soil scienceVegetable plantationWine growing

Inclusions:Study of soil science, soil fertility and irrigationtechniques is included in this field.

Study of growing intensively managed crops such asfruit and vegetables is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study of wine production is excluded from this field and isincluded in field 541 ‘Food processing’.

Study of gardening is excluded from this field andincluded in field 622 ‘Horticulture’.

Study of fisheries is excluded from this group andincluded in field 624 ‘Fisheries’.

622 Horticulture

Horticulture (gardening) is the study of horticulturaltechnology and management, floriculture, greenhousemethods, nursery management, landscape gardening etc.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

FloricultureGardeningGreenkeepingHorticultural techniquesLandscape gardeningNursery managementTurf cultivation

Inclusions:The laying out and construction of urban and domesticparks and gardens is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study of growing crops (plants such as wheat, rice, fruit,vegetables etc, grown in order to be eaten) is excludedfrom this field and included in field 621 ‘Crop andlivestock production’.

Study of soil science, soil fertility and irrigationtechniques is excluded from this field and included in field621 ‘Crop and livestock production’.

National park management is excluded from this fieldand included in field 850 ‘Environmental protection’.

623 Forestry

Forestry is the study of establishing, cultivating, harvestingand managing forests. It includes study of hunting andtrapping. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Forest keepingForest product techniquesForestryHunting and trapping

Exclusions:National park management is excluded from this field andincluded in field 850 ‘Environmental protection’.

Timber technology (sawmill production etc) isexcluded from this field and included in field 543‘Materials (wood, paper, plastic, glass)’.

624 Fisheries

Fisheries is the study of breeding, rearing and harvestingfish and other seafood. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Fish breedingFish farmsFisheryFishery science and technologyShellfish breeding

Inclusions:Training programmes for operating fishing boats areincluded in this field.

Exclusions:Study of industrial processing of fish is excluded from thisgroup and included in field 541 ‘Food processing’.

640 Veterinary

Veterinary is the study of preventing, diagnosing andtreating diseases and injuries in animals, and their generalcare. The study of caring for sick, injured and infirmanimals undergoing treatment in veterinary clinics isincluded. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Animal health careAnimal reproduction (science)Veterinary assistingVeterinary medicineVeterinary science

Inclusions:The science of animal reproduction is included in thisfield.

Exclusions:Study of animal breeding is excluded from this field andincluded infield 621 ‘ Crop and livestock production’.

721 Medicine

Medicine is the study of the principles and procedures usedin preventing, diagnosing, caring for and treating illness,disease and injury in humans and the maintenance ofgeneral health. Principally, this field consists of training ofphysicians/doctors. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Medical scienceMedical training

MedicineTraining of physicians/doctors

722 Medical services

Medical services is the study of physical disorders, treatingdiseases and maintaining the physical well-being ofhumans, using non-surgical procedures. It comprises awide range of services such as pharmacy, physiotherapy,occupational therapy, chiropractic, radiography,optometry, auditory, speech pathology, nutrition andambulance service. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Ambulance serviceHearing aid technologyHypnotherapyMassage (medical)Medical laboratory technologyMedical x-ray techniquesNutrition and dieteticsOccupational therapyOptical lens makingOrthopaedic prostheticsPara-medical programmesPharmacyPhysiotherapyRadiotherapySpeech pathology and therapyVocational rehabilitation

Inclusions:Study of vocational rehabilitation and occupationaltherapy is included in this field.

Medical laboratory technology is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study of laboratory technology is excluded from this fieldif emphasis is not given to medical laboratory technology.General laboratory technology is included in field 524‘Chemical and process’. Laboratory technology whereemphasis is given to other specific applications (biological,physical, dental etc) is included in appropriate field (420,440, 724 etc).

723 Nursing

Nursing is the study of providing health care for the sick,disabled or infirm and assisting physicians and othermedical and health professionals diagnose and treatpatients. The focus of qualifications in nursing ismaintaining and caring for the health during illness andrehabilitation. It includes care of old people and care of thedisabled. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Assistant nursingBasic nursingCare of old peopleCare of the disabledHealth care programmesInfant hygiene (nursing)

MidwiferyNursing aide/OrderlyPsychiatric nursing

Exclusions:Veterinary nursing is excluded from this field and isincluded in field 640 ‘Veterinary’.

Care of children (if not health care) is excluded fromthis field and included in field 761 ‘Child care and youthservices’.

724 Dental studies

Dental studies is the study of diagnosing, treating andpreventing diseases and abnormalities of the teeth andgums. It includes the study of designing, making andrepairing dental prostheses and orthodontic appliances. Italso includes the study of providing assistance to dentists.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Dental assistingDental hygieneDental laboratory technologyDental nursingDental scienceDental surgeryOdontologyOrthodontics

Inclusions:Study of dental hygiene and public dental health isincluded in this field.

761 Child care and youth services

Child care and youth services is the study of thedevelopment and care of children and youths. It includesstudy of recreation and leisure activities as a social servicefor school children. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Child careChildren recreation programmesYouth servicesYouth worker programs

Exclusions:Study of early childhood education is excluded from thisfield and included in field 141 ‘Teaching and training’.

Study of health care of children is excluded from thisfield and included in field 723 ‘Nursing’.

762 Social work and counselling

Social work and counselling is the study of the welfareneeds of communities, specific groups and individuals andthe appropriate ways of meeting these needs. The focus ison social welfare with emphasis on social policy andpractice. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Alcohol and drug abuse counsellingAlcohol, tobacco, drugsCrisis supportFamily and marriage counsellingMobbing and maltreatmentSocial policySocial practiceSocial theory (applied)Social work (welfare)Vocational counsellingVocational guidance

Inclusions:Study of vocational guidance is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study of sociology and social science is excluded from thisfield and included in field 310 ‘Social and behaviouralscience’.

811 Hotel, restaurant and catering

Hotel, restaurant and catering is the study of providingfood, beverages, accommodation and related services athotels, restaurants etc. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Cabin crew trainingCateringCooking (restaurant and hotel-type)Food servingHospitality servicesHotel- and restaurant programmesHotel receptionist trainingHotel servicesWaiting and bar service

Exclusions:Study of food processing (industrial) is excluded from thisfield and included in field 541 ‘Food processing’.

Receptionist training (general) is excluded from thisfield and included in field 346 ‘Secretarial and officework’.

812 Travel, tourism and leisure

Travel and tourism is the study of marketing andadvertising tourist destinations and events. It includes thestudy of ticketing and reservation practices. Leisure is thestudy of recreational and leisure activities for individualsand groups. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Ground crew training (airport)Guiding, tour leadingRecreation and leisureTourist trades programmesTravel agency servicesTravel and tourismTravel services

Exclusions:Study of recreation and leisure activities for schoolchildren is excluded from this field and included in field761 ‘Child care and youth services’.

813 Sports

Sports is the study of techniques and skills in a chosensport. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Diving (sport)Football playingGymnasticsSport trainer programmesUmpires and other sports officials

Exclusions:Training of school teachers in physical education (sportsteachers) is excluded from this field and included in field141 ‘Teaching and training’.

814 Domestic services,

Domestic services is the study of various domesticservices, such as housekeeping, cleaning, laundering,sewing etc. Training programmes with the following maincontent are classified here:

Caretaking, housekeeping and homeservice workersChimney sweepingCleaningCooking (home)Domestic scienceDry-cleaningFuneral services and mortuary scienceHome economicsLaundryNeedlework (home)Sewing (home)

Inclusions:Cleaning programmes are included in this field even ifdirected towards cleaning schools, hospitals, factories etc.

Exclusions:Study of building maintenance is excluded from this fieldand included in field 582 ‘Building and civil engineering’.

815 Hair and beauty services

Hair and beauty services is the study of caring for the hairand the body for beautification etc. Training programmeswith the following main content are classified here:

BarberingBeauty therapyCosmetology (make up)HairdressingFitness and weight control

840 Transport services

Transport services is the study of operating, navigatingand directing ships, aircraft and other forms oftransportation. Training programmes with the followingmain content are classified here:

Air traffic controlAircraft operationCommunication (air, railway, road etc.) programmesCrane and truck drivingDriving programmesFlying and navigationNavigation technologiesPostal serviceRailway operationsRoad motor vehicle operationsShip operationTransport programmes

Exclusions:Cabin crew training is excluded from this field andincluded in field 811 ‘Hotel, restaurant and catering’.

Programmes in telephone network services is excludedfrom this field and included in field 523 ‘Electronics andautomation’.

850 Environmental protection

Environmental protection is the study of the relationshipsbetween living organisms and the environment in order toprotect a wide range of natural resources, from air anddrinking water to wildlife. It includes study of establishingand maintaining national parks in order to preserve theiroriginal natural state. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Air pollution controlEcologyEnvironmental conservationEnvironmental controlEnvironmental protectionEnvironmental scienceGarbage disposalNational parks and wildlife managementNatural resources conservationNatural resource use programmesNoise pollution controlRecyclingSoil and water conservationWater pollution controlWildlife management

Inclusions:Programmes in services to the community dealing withitems that affect public health, such as hygiene standards infood and water supply, disposal of garbage, street cleaningetc. is included in this field.

Exclusions:Study in forestry and horticulture is excluded from thisfield and included in fields under 62 ‘Agriculture, forestryand fishery’.

861 Protection of property and persons

Protection of property and persons is the study of servicesto the community concerning protection of property andpersons. It comprises training in police work, publicsecurity, fire protection and fire fighting. Trainingprogrammes with the following main content are classifiedhere:

Civil securityCustoms programmesFire technologyFire-protection (fire fighting)Life guardingPolice workPolicing studiesPrison workPublic securitySecurity and loss prevention services

Exclusions:Study of law is excluded from this field and included infield 380 ‘Law’.

Study of criminology is excluded from this field andincluded in field 310 ‘Social and behavioural science’.

862 Occupational health and safety

Occupational health and safety is study of recognising,evaluating and controlling environmental factors associatedwith the workplace. Training programmes with thefollowing main content are classified here:

Ergonomics (occupational health and safety)Health and safety in the workplaceIndustrial welfareLabour protectionLabour securityLabour welfare (safety)Occupational health and industrial hygieneOccupational safetyStress

Exclusions:Study of vocational rehabilitation and occupationaltherapy is excluded from this field and included in field722 ‘Medical services’.

Study of labour law is excluded from this field andincluded in 380 ‘Law’.

Study of ergonomics is excluded from this field ifemphasis is given to technical aspects and is included inthe appropriate field under 52 ‘Engineering andengineering trades’.

863 Military

Military is the study of services to the communityconnected with war and defence, designed to providetraining in the principles and practice of military science.Training programmes with the following main content areclassified here:

Army trainingDefence studiesMilitary science

Exclusions:Military personnel participating in non-militaryprogrammes should be classified according to the subjectcontent of the training program.

When writing the field descriptions in this manual,the ‘Australian Bureau of Statistics Classification ofQualifications’ (ABSCQ)has been helpful. Thank you, Australia, for letting ususe some of your wordings.

Alphabetic Code ListThis part of the manual, the alphabetic code list, is meant to be used as a tool when classifying training programmes or groupsof training programmes into fields of training. It should be used as a guidance − if a possible code for a field is found, it mustbe verified by looking at the field description given on page 9-26 if it really is the appropriate code before using it.

A

344 Accounting440 Acoustics212 Acting and directing460 Actuarial science345 Administration346 Administrative and secretarial services342 Advertising525 Aeronautical engineering525 Aerospace engineering211 Aesthetics621 Agricultural business/agribusiness operations621 Agricultural economics621 Agricultural sciences621 Agriculture525 Agriculture machinery mechanics621 Agronomy and crop science840 Air crew programmes (flying and navigation)850 Air pollution control840 Air traffic control522 Air-conditioning programmes525 Air-craft engineering525 Air-craft maintenance840 Aircraft operation762 Alcohol and drug abuse counselling762 Alcohol, tobacco, drugs460 Algebra722 Ambulance service721 Anaesthesiology440 Analytical chemistry721 Anatomy222 Ancient Greek621 Animal breeding640 Animal health care621 Animal husbandry640 Animal reproduction (science)621 Animal training213 Animation310 Anthropology (except physical anthropology)460 Applied mathematics224 Archaeology581 Architectural urban design and planning581 Architecture322 Archival sciences090 Argumentation technique863 Army training211 Art history211 Art studies211 Art theory210 Arts and crafts (broad programmes)

210 Arts (broad programmes)090 Assertiveness723 Assistant nursing440 Astronomy440 Astrophysics440 Atmospheric sciences341 Auctioneering721 Audiology/hearing sciences344 Auditing722 Auditory prosthetics523 Automation525 Automotive electricity525 Automotive electrics525 Automotive engineering840 Aviation

B

721 Bacteriology541 Baking343 Bank teller programmes343 Banking and finance811 Bar service815 Barbering811 Bartender/mixologist723 Basic nursing010 Basic programmes080 Basic remedial programmes for adults621 Basic skills in agriculture815 Beauty therapy541 Beer brewing310 Behavioural sciences221 Bible studies521 Bicycle production521 Bicycle repair213 Binding and finishing (printing)524 Biochemical technologies420 Biochemistry420 Biology420 Biometrics420 Biophysics524 Biotechnology engineering543 Boat building (non-motor)521 Boilermaking and welding213 Bookbinding344 Bookkeeping813 Bookmaking (horses etc)420 Botany541 Brewing582 Bricklaying582 Brickwork and masonry

582 Bridge construction321 Broadcast journalism523 Broadcasting electronics582 Building construction581 Building design582 Building engineering582 Building maintenance582 Building renovation582 Building technology840 Bus and coach driving345 Business administration346 Business correspondence343 Business finance340 Business programmes, broad541 Butchering341 Buying and selling

C

811 Cabin crew training543 Cabinet making211 Calligraphy213 Camera operating543 Cane willow and bamboo work721 Cardiology723 Care of old people723 Care of the disabled814 Caretaking, housekeeping, homeservice543 Carpentry (not building)582 Carpentry and joinery (building)581 Cartography/Land surveying811 Catering582 Cement working215 Ceramics (craft)543 Ceramics (industrial)541 Cheese production524 Chemical engineering524 Chemical process engineering440 Chemistry761 Child care761 Children recreation programmes814 Chimney sweeping722 Chiropractic212 Choreography213 Cinematography212 Circus (art)581 City planning582 Civil engineering861 Civil security814 Cleaning346 Clerical programmes347 Clients’ needs522 Climate engineering724 Clinical dentistry542 Clothing industry542 Clothing trades programmes542 Clothing, apparel and textile working525 Coachwork

544 Coal mining344 Commercial assistants dataprocessing/accounting380 Commercial law840 Communication (air, railway, road etc.)090 Communication skills523 Communication systems321 Communication, mass- (wording and content)523 Communications equipment installation523 Communications equipment maintenance581 Community development723 Community nursing581 Community planning347 Company knowledge224 Comparative literature213 Compositing (printing)212 Composition (music)213 Composition equipment operating523 Computer repairing523 Computer engineering213 Computer graphics481 Computer programming481 Computer science482 Computer software use481 Computer system analysis481 Computer system design213 Computer type-setting482 Computer use212 Conducting (music)541 Confectionary850 Conservation and land management215 Conservation of cultural material582 Constructing plant operation582 Construction technology582 Constructional engineering582 Constructional metalwork (building)814 Consumer economics341 Consumer services523 Control engineering814 Cooking (home)811 Cooking (restaurant and hotel-type)090 Co-operation815 Cosmetic services815 Cosmetology214 Costume design762 Counselling346 Court reporting215 Craft programmes215 Crafts, folk arts and artisanry840 Crane driving223 Creative writing380 Criminal justice studies310 Criminology762 Crisis support621 Crop husbandry811 Culinary arts224 Cultural history142 Curriculum development (theory)

814 Custodian/caretaker542 Custom tailoring861 Customs programmes542 Cutting and tailoring721 Cytology

D

541 Dairy foods (industrial)341 Dairy retailing541 Dairy science212 Dance (art)460 Data analysis (mathematics/statistics)346 Data entry523 Data processing technology215 Decorative metal crafts624 Deep sea fishing863 Defence studies310 Demography/population studies582 Demolition341 Demonstration techniques724 Dental assisting724 Dental hygiene724 Dental laboratory technology724 Dental nursing724 Dental science724 Dental surgery724 Dental technology724 Dentistry721 Dermatology214 Design214 Design of industrial products (art)213 Desktop publishing310 Development and child psychology090 Development of behavioural capacities090 Development of mental skills090 Development of personal organisational capacities142 Didactics722 Dietician programmes523 Digital technology212 Directing (theatre)213 Discjockey training142 Distance education methodology541 Distilling861 Diving (professional)813 Diving (sport)582 Dock and harbour engineering322 Documentation621 Dog breeding814 Domestic science212 Drama211 Drawing (art)520 Drawing, technical (broad programmes)542 Dressmaking141 Driver and safety teacher education141 Driving instructor training840 Driving programmes814 Dry-cleaning

E

141 Early childhood teaching440 Earth science850 Ecology310 Econometrics310 Economic history310 Economics340 Economics, business142 Education science142 Education technology142 Educational assessment, testing and measurement142 Educational evaluation and research345 Educational management522 Electrical appliances repairing522 Electrical engineering522 Electrical fitting522 Electrical power generation522 Electrical trades programmes481 Electronic data processing523 Electronic engineering523 Electronic equipment servicing141 Elementary teacher education215 Embroidery (craft)542 Embroidery and needlework (industrial)722 Emergency para-medical technologies345 Employment management522 Energy programmes522 Energy studies520 Engineering (broad programmes)090 Enhancing personal skills345 Enterprise training420 Entomology850 Environmental conservation850 Environmental control850 Environmental protection850 Environmental science850 Environmental studies850 Environmental toxicology721 Epidemiology862 Ergonomics (occupational health and safety)211 Etching (art)224 Ethics310 Ethnic and cultural studies310 Ethnology582 Excavation engineering

F

762 Family and marriage counselling090 Family life development training621 Farm and ranch management621 Farm maintenance621 Farming214 Fashion design212 Fashion modelling215 Fibre, textile and weaving arts213 Film production343 Finance theory

343 Finance, banking, insurance343 Financial management211 Fine art printmaking861 Fire technology861 Fire-protection (fire fighting)624 Fish breeding624 Fish farms624 Fish husbandry624 Fishery624 Fishery science and technology815 Fitness and weight controll815 Fitness services141 Flight instructor training582 Floor and wall tiling582 Floor covering622 Floriculture215 Floristry (flower arranging)840 Flying and navigation541 Food and drink processing811 Food and hospitality services541 Food techniques541 Food handling/hygiene541 Food preparation541 Food preservation541 Food processing industry541 Food programmes541 Food science541 Food science and technology811 Food serving813 Football playing542 Footwear making346 Foreign language secretary programmes222 Foreign languages721 Forensic medicine722 Forensic medicine technology623 Forest keeping623 Forest product techniques623 Forest ranging623 Forestry840 Fork-lift driving621 Fruit growing621 Fruit production080 Functional literacy814 Funeral services and mortuary science542 Fur making543 Furniture crafts543 Furniture making542 Furrier310 Futurology

G

850 Garbage disposal622 Gardening542 Garment production522 Gas distribution440 Gemmology721 General medicine

420 Genetics440 Geodesy310 Geography (cultural)440 Geography (nature)440 Geography (physical)440 Geology460 Geometry440 Geophysics440 Geoscience723 Gerontological services721 Gerontology215 Glass arts and craft543 Glass production543 Glass working (industrial)582 Glazing440 Global change science215 Goldsmithing621 Goose keeping621 Grain growing213 Graphic design213 Graphic reproduction622 Greenhouse operations622 Greenkeeping812 Ground crew training (airport)812 Guiding, tour leading521 Gunsmith813 Gymnastics721 Gynaecology

H

721 Haematology815 Hairdressing215 Handicrafts862 Health and safety in the work place723 Health care programmes722 Hearing aid technology522 Heating trades programmes525 Helicopter construction721 Histology224 History224 History and philosophy of science and technology211 History of art380 History of law224 History of science and ideas814 Home economics223 Home language721 Homeopathic medicine621 Horse breeding621 Horse husbandry622 Horticultural techniques622 Horticulture811 Hospitality services811 Hotel receptionist training811 Hotel services811 Hotel- and restaurant programmes811 Hotel/motel and restaurant services345 Human resources management

310 Human rights623 Hunting and trapping521 Hydraulics440 Hydrogeology440 Hydrology850 Hygiene, community723 Hygiene, medical722 Hypnotherapy

I

213 Illustration721 Immunology541 Industrial bakery/flour production214 Industrial design (artistic)543 Industrial diamond production347 Industrial relations862 Industrial welfare723 Infant hygiene (nursing)481 Informatics (computer science)321 Information (wording and content)346 Information processing/data entry322 Information science322 Information searching582 Insulation343 Insurance214 Interior architecture214 Interior decorating214 Interior design721 Internal medicine310 International cultures310 International economics310 International relations482 Internet use programmes222 Interpretation programmes347 Introductory courses at work343 Investment analysis343 Investments and securities582 Irrigation and drainage (construction)621 Irrigation techniques

J

215 Jewellery design215 Jewellery making (craft)862 Job safety090 Job-seeking programmes813 Jockeying582 Joining and carpentry321 Journalism380 Jurisprudence

K

346 Keyboard skills542 Knitting (industrial)

L

524 Laboratory assistant programmes

524 Laboratory technician programmes524 Laboratory technology380 Labour law862 Labour protection862 Labour security862 Labour welfare (safety)581 Landscape architecture622 Landscape gardening223 Language maintenance222 Languages, ’dead’222 Languages, foreign223 Languages, native215 Lapidary and jewellery222 Latin814 Laundry380 Law861 Law enforcement213 Lay-out542 Leather goods maker542 Leather goods production542 Leather processing542 Leather trades programmes380 Legal practice346 Legal secretary programmes380 Legal studies812 Leisure and tourism322 Librarianship training322 Library programmes861 Life guarding090 Life orientation programmes420 Life sciences420 Limnology222 Linguistics, foreign languages223 Linguistics, native language080 Literacy224 Literature history211 Lithography345 Local public administration521 Locksmith and safe repairer224 Logic345 Logistic management

M

840 Mail operations622 Maintaining sports turf520 Maintenance engineering (broad programmes)815 Make-up215 Making of musical instruments (not industrial)762 Maltreatment345 Management of education345 Management science345 Management skills346 Management support services815 Manicure624 Mariculture525 Marine construction440 Marine science

525 Maritime engineering342 Market research342 Marketing582 Mason and tile setting582 Masonry321 Mass communication (wording and content)815 Massage (beauty)722 Massage (medical)460 Mathematical statistics460 Mathematics541 Meat processing521 Mechanical engineering521 Mechanical trades programmes213 Media techniques722 Medical laboratory technology721 Medical science346 Medical secretary programmes722 Medical technology721 Medical training722 Medical x-ray techniques721 Medicine224 Medieval and renaissance studies722 Mental health services342 Merchandising521 Metal casting and patternmaking521 Metal fitting, turning and machining521 Metal trades programmes521 Metallurgical engineering521 Metallurgical technology440 Meteorology420 Microbiology521 Micromechanics723 Midwifery863 Military science544 Mineral technology440 Mineralogy544 Mining engineering544 Mining technology221 Missionary studies and missiology762 Mobbing420 Molecular biology223 Mother tongue programmes723 Mothercraft nursing525 Motorbike mechanics525 Motorcycle engineering310 Multicultural studies224 Museology322 Museum documentation212 Music212 Music and the stage215 Musical instruments (repairing and tuning)

N

310 National accounts850 National parks and wildlife management850 Natural resource use programmes850 Natural resources conservation

721 Naturopathic medicine840 Nautical science525 Naval engineering840 Navigation technologies215 Needle craft814 Needlework (home)481 Network administration523 Network technology721 Neurology321 News reporting850 Noise pollution control722 Nuclear medicine technologies440 Nuclear physics522 Nuclear, hydraulic and thermal energy080 Numeracy460 Numerical analysis622 Nursery management (horticulture)723 Nursing723 Nursing aide/Orderly141 Nursing education (teacher training)722 Nutrition722 Nutrition and dietetics

O

721 Obstetrics and gynaecology862 Occupational health and industrial hygiene862 Occupational health and safety722 Occupational therapy440 Ocean life sciences440 Oceanography724 Odontology346 Office automation345 Office management544 Oil and gas extraction524 Oil refining524 Oil/gas/petrochemicals processing621 Olive growing721 Oncology481 Operating systems346 Operation of office machines460 Operations research721 Ophthalmics721 Opthalmology722 Optical lens making722 Optical prosthetics/lenses440 Optics722 Optometry621 Orchards construction440 Organic chemistry347 Organisation at work345 Organisational theory and behaviour420 Ornithology724 Orthodontics722 Orthopaedic prosthetics722 Osteopathy

P

341 Packing721 Paediatrics211 Painting (art)582 Painting and wall covering440 Palaeontology525 Panel beating543 Paper manufacturing and processing380 Para-legal studies722 Para-medical programmes420 Parasitology541 Pastry cooking721 Pathology310 Peace and conflict studies142 Pedagogical sciences (education)815 Pedicure542 Pelt worker343 Pension insurance345 Performance appraisal212 Performing arts090 Personal career planning090 Personal development345 Personnel administration345 Personnel management440 Petrology420 Pharmacology722 Pharmacy223 Philology (native language)224 Philosophy211 Philosophy of art213 Photo developing213 Photography141 Physical education teacher training813 Physical training (sports)440 Physics721 Physiology722 Physiotherapy215 Picture framing621 Pig farming582 Pipe fitting440 Planetary sciences524 Plant and machine operation (processing)582 Plastering (building)543 Plastic manufacturing721 Plastic surgery582 Plumbing861 Police work861 Policing studies310 Political economy310 Political science310 Politics440 Polymer chemistry090 Positive thinking141 Post-school teacher training840 Postal service621 Poultry husbandry522 Power production

522 Powerline installation and maintenance141 Pre-primary teacher training521 Precision mechanics090 Presentation technique721 Preventive and social medicine141 Primary teaching213 Printing213 Printing machining861 Prison work460 Probability theory524 Process technology622 Production of ornamental plants481 Programming (computer)481 Programming languages (Visual Basic, C++ etc.)223 Proof-reading programmes341 Property sales723 Psychiatric nursing721 Psychiatry310 Psychoanalysis310 Psychology345 Public administration345 Public and institution management720 Public health programmes342 Public relations861 Public security090 Public speaking321 Publishing (dissemination of messages)213 Publishing design341 Purchasing341 Purchasing, procurement and contracts

Q

347 Quality assurance520 Quality control (technical)345 Quality management582 Quantity surveying544 Quarry supervision

R

621 Race horse care213 Radio and TV production722 Radiography722 Radiotherapy840 Railway operations544 Raw material extraction341 Real-estate business346 Receptionist training213 Recorded music production812 Recreation and leisure812 Recreation management345 Recruitment850 Recycling722 Reflexology522 Refrigeration programmes850 Refuse collection722 Rehabilitation221 Religion

221 Religious history221 Religious studies341 Retailing582 Road building840 Road motor vehicle operations523 Robotics582 Roof fixing543 Rubber manufacturing581 Rural development621 Rye and wheat growing

S

542 Saddlery342 Sales and marketing341 Sales representatives815 Salon services (beauty therapy)582 Sanitation (building)850 Sanitation, community222 Sanskrit582 Scaffolding work213 Screen printing211 Sculpture840 Seamanship840 Seamen’s programmes222 Second languages141 Secondary teaching346 Secretarial programmes861 Security and loss prevention services861 Security guarding440 Seismology090 Self esteem skills090 Self-confidence222 Semantics, foreign languages223 Semantics, native language814 Sewing (home)542 Sewing (industrial)621 Sheep farming521 Sheetmetal working624 Shellfish breeding840 Ship operation525 Shipbuilding542 Shoe production542 Shoe, boot and leather repairing542 Shoemaking346 Shorthand223 Sign language213 Silk screen printing215 Silversmithing080 Simple literacy542 Skins and leather production090 Social competence310 Social conflict theory310 Social geography343 Social insurance762 Social policy762 Social practice310 Social sciences

762 Social theory (applied)762 Social work (welfare)310 Social/human geography310 Sociology542 Soft furnishings482 Software for calculating (spreadsheets)482 Software for data processing482 Software for desktop publishing482 Software for word processing481 Software localisation481 Software testing850 Soil and water conservation621 Soil and water technician programmes621 Soil fertility621 Soil science522 Solar energy213 Sound and vision213 Sound technique440 Space science141 Special education teaching223 Speech and rhetorical studies (native language)722 Speech pathology and therapy542 Spinning813 Sport leadership813 Sport trainer training813 Sports813 Sports coaching622 Sports grounds maintenance813 Sports instructor training214 Stage designing345 Start your own business-courses460 Statistics521 Steel production346 Stenography811 Stewardess/steward training343 Stock-broking341 Stock-keeping721 Stomatology215 Stone carving (craft)543 Stone cutting582 Stonemasonry850 Street cleaning862 Stress at work581 Structural architecture582 Structural engineering310 Studies of regional cultures221 Study of different religions721 Surgery581 Surveying346 Switchboard operating543 Synthetic fibre manufacturingT

542 Tailoring344 Tax accounting141 Teacher education141 Teacher training141 Teacher training in a practical subject

141 Teacher training in a theoretical subject141 Teacher training in a vocational subject141 Teacher training in an aesthetic subject090 Teamwork520 Technical drawing (broad programmes)141 Technical teaching523 Telecommunication technology341 Telephone selling523 Television and radio repairing542 Textile techniques542 Textile trades programmes542 Textiles, clothing and footwear212 Theatre221 Theology214 Three dimensional design543 Timber technology090 Time management541 Tobacco processing521 Tool and die making581 Topography812 Tourism812 Tourist trades programmes581 Town and country planning581 Town and regional planning581 Town planning420 Toxicology347 Trade union courses (general)345 Training management721 Training of doctors141 Training of instructors in companies etc.721 Training of physicians141 Training of trainers222 Translation programmes840 Transport programmes812 Travel agency services812 Travel and tourism812 Travel services840 Truck driving622 Turf cultivation622 Turf management213 Type-setting346 Typing

U

813 Umpires and other sports officials542 Upholstery581 Urban planning581 Urban studies

V

525 Varnishers/sprayers621 Vegetable plantation525 Vehicle and motor engineering525 Vehicle building525 Vehicle diagnostics525 Vehicle electricity525 Vehicle mechanics

525 Vehicle painting525 Vehicle repairing525 Vehicle trimming582 Ventilation (building)640 Veterinary assisting640 Veterinary medicine640 Veterinary science621 Vineyard construction420 Virology621 Viticulture762 Vocational counselling762 Vocational guidance722 Vocational rehabilitation440 Vulcanology

W

811 Waiting and bar service341 Ware-housing521 Watchmaking850 Water pollution control850 Water supply (service)582 Water supply and sewerage engineering582 Water technology and engineering215 Weaving (craft)542 Weaving (industrial)521 Welding341 Wholesaling815 Wig making850 Wildlife management850 Wildlife ranger studies214 Window dressing621 Wine growing541 Wine production541 Wine science541 Wine storing/maturing310 Women’s studies543 Wood machining and turning543 Wood technology215 Woodcarving543 Woodwork trades programmes543 Woodworking and carpentry542 Wool science347 Work development347 Working life

Y

761 Youth recreation programmes761 Youth services761 Youth worker programmes

Z

420 Zoology

Systematic Code ListThis part of the manual, the systematic code list, is meant to be used as a tool when classifying training programmes or groupsof training programmes into fields of training. It should be used as a guidance − if a possible code for a field is found, it mustbe verified by looking at the field description given on page 9-26 if it really is the appropriate code before using it.

010 Basic programmes

Basic programmes

080 Literacy and numeracy

Basic remedial programmes for adultsFunctional literacyLiteracyNumeracySimple literacy

090 Personal development

Argumentation techniqueAssertivenessCommunication skillsCo-operationDevelopment of behavioural capacitiesDevelopment of mental skillsDevelopment of personal organisational capacitiesEnhancing personal skillsFamily life development trainingJob-seeking programmesLife orientation programmesPersonal career planningPersonal developmentPositive thinkingPresentation techniquePublic speakingSelf esteem skillsSelf-confidenceSocial competenceTeamworkTime management

141 Teaching and training

Driver and safety teacher educationDriving instructor trainingEarly childhood teachingElementary teacher educationFlight instructor trainingNursing education (teacher training)Physical education teacher trainingPost-school teacher trainingPre-primary teacher trainingPrimary teachingSecondary teachingSpecial education teachingTeacher educationTeacher training

Teacher training in a practical subjectTeacher training in a theoretical subjectTeacher training in a vocational subjectTeacher training in an aesthetic subjectTechnical teachingTraining of instructors in companies etc.Training of trainers

142 Education science

Curriculum development (theory)DidacticsDistance education methodologyEducation scienceEducation technologyEducational assessment, testing and measurementEducational evaluation and researchPedagogical sciences (education)

211 Fine arts

AestheticsArt historyArt studiesArt theoryCalligraphyDrawing (art)Etching (art)Fine art printmakingHistory of artLithographyPainting (art)Philosophy of artSculpture

212 Music and performing arts

Acting and directingChoreographyCircus (art)Composition (music)Conducting (music)Dance (art)Directing (theatre)DramaFashion modellingMusicMusic and the stagePerforming artsTheatre

213 Audio-visual techniques and media production

AnimationBinding and finishing (printing)BookbindingCamera operatingCinematographyCompositing (printing)Composition equipment operatingComputer graphicsComputer type-settingDesktop publishingDiscjockey trainingFilm productionGraphic designGraphic reproductionIllustrationLay-outMedia techniquesPhoto developingPhotographyPrintingPrinting machiningPublishing designRadio and TV productionRecorded music productionScreen printingSilk screen printingSound and visionSound techniqueType-setting

214 Design

Costume designDesignDesign of industrial products (art)Fashion designIndustrial design (artistic)Interior architectureInterior decoratingInterior designStage designingThree dimensional designWindow dressing

215 Craft skills

Ceramics (craft)Conservation of cultural materialCraft programmesCrafts, folk arts and artisanryDecorative metal craftsEmbroidery (craft)Fibre, textile and weaving artsFloristry (flower arranging)Glass arts and craftGoldsmithingHandicraftsJewellery designJewellery making (craft)Lapidary and jewellery

Making of musical instruments (not industrial)Musical instruments (repairing and tuning)Needle craftPicture framingSilversmithingStone carving (craft)Weaving (craft)Woodcarving

221 Religion and theology

Bible studiesMissionary studies and missiologyReligionReligious historyReligious studiesStudy of different religionsTheology

222 Foreign languages and cultures

Ancient GreekForeign languagesInterpretation programmesLanguages, ’dead’Languages, foreignLatinLinguistics, foreign languagesSanskritSecond languagesSemantics, foreign languagesTranslation programmes

223 Mother tongue

Creative writingHome languageLanguage maintenanceLanguages, nativeLinguistics, native languageMother tongue programmesPhilology (native language)Proof-reading programmesSemantics, native languageSign languageSpeech and rhetorical studies (native language)

224 History, philosophy and related subjects

ArchaeologyComparative literatureCultural historyEthicsHistoryHistory and philosophy of science and technologyHistory of science and ideasLiterature historyLogicMedieval and renaissance studiesMuseologyPhilosophy

310 Social and behavioural science

Anthropology (except physical anthropology)Behavioural sciencesCriminologyDemography/population studiesDevelopment and child psychologyEconometricsEconomic historyEconomicsEthnic and cultural studiesEthnologyFuturologyGeography (cultural)Human rightsInternational culturesInternational economicsInternational relationsMulticultural studiesNational accountsPeace and conflict studiesPolitical economyPolitical sciencePoliticsPsychoanalysisPsychologySocial conflict theorySocial geographySocial sciencesSocial/human geographySociologyStudies of regional culturesWomen’s studies

321 Journalism and reporting

Broadcast journalismCommunication, mass- (wording and content)Information (wording and content)JournalismMass communication (wording and content)News reportingPublishing (dissemination of messages)

322 Library, information, archive

Archival sciencesDocumentationInformation scienceLibrarianship trainingLibrary programmesMuseum documentation

341 Wholesale and retail sales

AuctioneeringBuying and sellingConsumer servicesDairy retailingDemonstration techniquesPackingProperty salesPurchasing

Purchasing, procurement and contractsReal-estate businessRetailingSales representativesStock-keepingTelephone sellingWare-housingWholesaling

342 Marketing and advertising

AdvertisingMarket researchMarketingMerchandisingPublic relationsSales and marketing

343 Finance, banking, insurance

Bank teller programmesBanking and financeBusiness financeFinance theoryFinance, banking, insuranceFinancial managementInsuranceInvestment analysisInvestments and securitiesPension insuranceSocial insuranceStock-broking

344 Accounting and taxation

AccountingAuditingBookkeepingCommercial assistants dataprocessing/accountingTax accounting

345 Management and administration

AdministrationBusiness administrationEducational managementEmployment managementEnterprise trainingHuman resources managementLocal public administrationLogistic managementManagement of educationManagement scienceManagement skillsOffice managementOrganisational theory and behaviourPerformance appraisalPersonnel administrationPersonnel managementPublic administrationPublic and institution managementQuality managementRecruitment

Start your own business-coursesTraining management

346 Secretarial and office work

Administrative and secretarial servicesBusiness correspondenceClerical programmesCourt reportingData entryForeign language secretary programmesInformation processing/data entryKeyboard skillsLegal secretary programmesManagement support servicesMedical secretary programmesOffice automationOperation of office machinesReceptionist trainingSecretarial programmesShorthandStenographySwitchboard operatingTyping

347 Working life

Clients’ needsCompany knowledgeIndustrial relationsIntroductory courses at workOrganisation at workQuality assuranceTrade union courses (general)Work development

380 Law

Commercial lawCriminal justice studiesHistory of lawJurisprudenceLabour lawLawLegal practiceLegal studiesPara-legal studies

420 Life science

BiochemistryBiologyBiometricsBiophysicsBotanyEntomologyGeneticsLife sciencesLimnologyMicrobiologyMolecular biologyOrnithologyParasitology

PharmacologyToxicologyVirologyZoology

440 Physical science

AcousticsAnalytical chemistryAstronomyAstrophysicsAtmospheric sciencesChemistryEarth scienceGemmologyGeodesyGeography (nature)Geography (physical)GeologyGeophysicsGeoscienceGlobal change scienceHydrogeologyHydrologyMarine scienceMeteorologyMineralogyNuclear physicsOcean life sciencesOceanographyOpticsOrganic chemistryPalaeontologyPetrologyPhysicsPlanetary sciencesPolymer chemistrySeismologySpace scienceVulcanology

460 Mathematics and statistics

Actuarial scienceAlgebraApplied mathematicsData analysis (mathematics/statistics)GeometryMathematical statisticsMathematicsNumerical analysisOperations researchProbability theoryStatistics

481 Computer science

Computer programmingComputer scienceComputer system analysisComputer system designElectronic data processingInformatics (computer science)

Network administrationOperating systemsProgramming (computer)Programming languages (Visual Basic, C++ etc.)Software localisationSoftware testing

482 Computer use

Computer software useComputer useInternet use programmesSoftware for calculating (spreadsheets)Software for data processingSoftware for desktop publishingSoftware for word processing

521 Mechanics and metal work

Bicycle productionBicycle repairBoilermaking and weldingGunsmithHydraulicsLocksmith and safe repairerMechanical engineeringMechanical trades programmesMetal casting and patternmakingMetal fitting, turning and machiningMetal trades programmesMetallurgical engineeringMetallurgical technologyMicromechanicsPrecision mechanicsSheetmetal workingSteel productionTool and die makingWatchmakingWelding

522 Electricity and energy

Air-conditioning programmesClimate engineeringElectrical appliances repairingElectrical engineeringElectrical fittingElectrical power generationElectrical trades programmesEnergy programmesEnergy studiesGas distributionHeating trades programmesNuclear, hydraulic and thermal energyPower productionPowerline installation and maintenanceRefrigeration programmesSolar energy

523 Electronics and automation

AutomationBroadcasting electronics

Communication systemsCommunications equipment installationCommunications equipment maintenanceComputer repairingComputer engineeringControl engineeringData processing technologyDigital technologyElectronic engineeringElectronic equipment servicingNetwork technologyRoboticsTelecommunication technologyTelevision and radio repairing

524 Chemical and process

Biochemical technologiesBiotechnology engineeringChemical engineeringChemical process engineeringLaboratory assistant programmesLaboratory technician programmesLaboratory technologyOil refiningOil/gas/petrochemicals processingPlant and machine operation (processing)Process technology

525 Motor vehicles, ships and aircraft

Aeronautical engineeringAerospace engineeringAgriculture machinery mechanicsAir-craft engineeringAir-craft maintenanceAutomotive electricityAutomotive electricsAutomotive engineeringCoachworkHelicopter constructionMarine constructionMaritime engineeringMotorcycle engineeringMotorbike mechanicsNaval engineeringPanel beatingShipbuildingVarnishers/sprayersVehicle and motor engineeringVehicle buildingVehicle diagnosticsVehicle electricityVehicle mechanicsVehicle paintingVehicle repairingVehicle trimming

541 Food processing

BakingBeer brewingBrewing

ButcheringCheese productionConfectionaryDairy foods (industrial)Dairy scienceDistillingFood and drink processingFood handling/hygieneFood techniquesFood preparationFood preservationFood processing industryFood programmesFood scienceFood science and technologyIndustrial bakery/flour productionMeat processingPastry cookingTobacco processingWine productionWine scienceWine storing/maturing

542 Textiles, clothes, footwear, leather

Clothing industryClothing trades programmesClothing, apparel and textile workingCustom tailoringCutting and tailoringDressmakingEmbroidery and needlework (industrial)Footwear makingFur makingFurrierGarment productionKnitting (industrial)Leather goods makerLeather goods productionLeather processingLeather trades programmesPelt workerSaddlerySewing (industrial)Shoe productionShoe, boot and leather repairingShoemakingSkins and leather productionSoft furnishingsSpinningTailoringTextile techniquesTextile trades programmesTextiles, clothing and footwearUpholsteryWeaving (industrial)Wool science

543 Materials (wood, paper, plastic, glass)

Boat building (non-motor)Cabinet makingCane willow and bamboo work

Carpentry (not building)Ceramics (industrial)Furniture craftsFurniture makingGlass productionGlass working (industrial)Industrial diamond productionPaper manufacturing and processingPlastic manufacturingRubber processingStone cuttingSynthetic fibre manufacturingTimber technologyWood machining and turningWood technologyWoodwork trades programmesWoodworking and carpentry

544 Mining and extraction

Coal miningMineral technologyMining engineeringMining technologyOil and gas extractionQuarry supervisionRaw material extraction

581 Architecture and town planning

Architectural urban design and planningArchitectureBuilding designCartography/Land surveyingCity planningCommunity developmentCommunity planningLandscape architectureRural developmentStructural architectureSurveyingTopographyTown and country planningTown and regional planningTown planningUrban planningUrban studies

582 Building and civil engineering

BricklayingBrickwork and masonryBridge constructionBuilding constructionBuilding engineeringBuilding maintenanceBuilding renovationBuilding technologyCarpentry and joinery (building)Cement workingCivil engineeringConstructing plant operationConstruction technolgyConstructional engineering

Constructional metalwork (building)DemolitionDock and harbour engineeringExcavation engineeringFloor and wall tilingFloor coveringGlazingInsulationIrrigation and drainage (construction)Joining and carpentryMason and tile settingMasonryPainting and wall coveringPipe fittingPlastering (building)PlumbingQuantity surveyingRoad buildingRoof fixingSanitation (building)Scaffolding workStonemasonryStructural engineeringWater supply and sewerage engineeringWater technology and engineeringVentilation (building)

621 Crop and livestock production

Agricultural business/agribusiness operationsAgricultural economicsAgricultural sciencesAgricultureAgronomy and crop scienceAnimal breedingAnimal husbandryAnimal trainingBasic skills in agricultureCrop husbandryDog breedingFarm and ranch managementFarm maintenanceFarmingFruit growingFruit productionGoose keepingGrain growingHorse breedingHorse husbandryIrrigation techniquesOlive growingOrchards constructionPig farmingPoultry husbandryRace horse careRye and wheat growingSheep farmingSoil and water technician programmesSoil fertilitySoil scienceVegetable plantationWine growingVineyard construction

Viticulture

622 Horticulture

FloricultureGardeningGreenhouse operationsGreenkeepingHorticultural techniquesHorticultureLandscape gardeningMaintaining sports turfNursery management (horticulture)Production of ornamental plantsSports grounds maintenanceTurf cultivationTurf management

623 Forestry

Forest keepingForest product techniquesForest rangingForestryHunting and trapping

624 Fisheries

Deep sea fishingFish breedingFish farmsFish husbandryFisheryFishery science and technologyMaricultureShellfish breeding

640 Veterinary

Animal health careAnimal reproduction (science)Veterinary assistingVeterinary medicineVeterinary science

721 Medicine

AnaesthesiologyAnatomyAudiology/hearing sciencesBacteriologyCardiologyCytologyDermatologyEpidemiologyForensic medicineGeneral medicineGerontologyGynaecologyHaematologyHistologyHomeopathic medicineImmunology

Internal medicineMedical scienceMedical trainingMedicineNaturopathic medicineNeurologyObstetrics and gynaecologyOncologyOphthalmicsOpthalmologyPaediatricsPathologyPhysiologyPlastic surgeryPreventive and social medicinePsychiatryStomatologySurgeryTraining of doctorsTraining of physicians

722 Medical services

Ambulance serviceAuditory prostheticsChiropracticDietician programmesEmergency para-medical technologiesForensic medicine technologyHearing aid technologyHypnotherapyMassage (medical)Medical laboratory technologyMedical technologyMedical x-ray techniquesMental health servicesNuclear medicine technologiesNutritionNutrition and dieteticsOccupational therapyOptical lens makingOptical prosthetics/lensesOptometryOrthopaedic prostheticsOsteopathyPara-medical programmesPharmacyPhysiotherapyRadiographyRadiotherapyReflexologyRehabilitationSpeech pathology and therapyVocational rehabilitation

723 Nursing

Assistant nursingBasic nursingCare of old peopleCare of the disabledCommunity nursingGerontological services

Health care programmesHygiene, medicalInfant hygiene (nursing)MidwiferyMothercraft nursingNursingNursing aide/OrderlyPsychiatric nursing

724 Dental studies

Clinical dentistryDental assistingDental hygieneDental laboratory technologyDental nursingDental scienceDental surgeryDental technologyDentistryOdontologyOrthodontics

761 Child care and youth services

Child careChildren recreation programmesYouth recreation programmesYouth servicesYouth worker programmes

762 Social work and counselling

Alcohol and drug abuse counsellingAlcohol, tobacco, drugsCounsellingCrisis supportFamily and marriage counsellingMaltreatmentMobbingSocial policySocial practiceSocial theory (applied)Social work (welfare)Vocational counsellingVocational guidance

811 Hotel, restaurant and catering

Bar serviceBartender/mixologistCabin crew trainingCateringCooking (restaurant and hotel-type)Culinary artsFood and hospitality servicesFood servingHospitality servicesHotel receptionist trainingHotel servicesHotel- and restaurant programmesHotel/motel and restaurant servicesStewardess/steward training

Waiting and bar service

812 Travel, tourism and leisure

Ground crew training (airport)Guiding, tour leadingLeisure and tourismRecreation and leisureRecreation managementTourismTourist trades programmesTravel agency servicesTravel and tourismTravel services

813 Sports

Bookmaking (horses etc)Diving (sport)Football playingGymnasticsJockeyingPhysical training (sports)Sport leadershipSport trainer trainingSportsSports coachingSports instructor trainingUmpires and other sports officials

814 Domestic services

Caretaking, housekeeping, homeserviceChimney sweepingCleaningConsumer economicsCooking (home)Custodian/caretakerDomestic scienceDry-cleaningFuneral services and mortuary scienceHome economicsLaundryNeedlework (home)Sewing (home)

815 Hair and beauty services

BarberingBeauty therapyCosmetic servicesCosmetologyFitness and weight controlFitness servicesHairdressingMake-upManicureMassage (beauty)PedicureSalon services (beauty therapy)Wig making

840 Transport services

Air crew programmes (flying and navigation)Air traffic controlAircraft operationAviationBus and coach drivingCommunication (air, railway, road etc.)Crane drivingDriving programmesFlying and navigationFork-lift drivingMail operationsNautical scienceNavigation technologiesPostal serviceRailway operationsRoad motor vehicle operationsSeamanshipSeamen’s programmesShip operationTransport programmesTruck driving

850 Environmental protection

Air pollution controlConservation and land managementEcologyEnvironmental conservationEnvironmental controlEnvironmental protectionEnvironmental scienceEnvironmental studiesEnvironmental toxicologyGarbage disposalHygiene, communityNational parks and wildlife managementNatural resource use programmesNatural resources conservationNoise pollution controlRecyclingRefuse collectionSanitation, communitySoil and water conservationStreet cleaningWater pollution controlWater supply (service)Wildlife managementWildlife ranger studies

861 Protection of property and persons

Civil securityCustoms programmesDiving (professional)Fire technologyFire-protection (fire fighting)Law enforcementLife guardingPolice workPolicing studiesPrison work

Public securitySecurity and loss prevention servicesSecurity guarding

862 Occupational health and safetyErgonomics (occupational health and safety)Health and safety in the work placeIndustrial welfareJob safetyLabour protectionLabour securityLabour welfare (safety)Occupational health and industrial hygieneOccupational health and safetyStress at work

863 MilitaryArmy trainingDefence studiesMilitary science