Fig. 14-CO, p. 379

Fig. 14-1a, p. 382

Fig. 14-1b, p. 383

Fig. 14-2a, p. 383

Fig. 14-2a, p. 383

Bridles Net of nylon or Dacron mesh Net bucket

Clamp

CableNet ring

Weight

Plankton net fabric as seen under a microscope

Fig. 14-2b, p. 383

Fig. 14-3, p. 384

Fig. 14-4, p. 385

Fig. 14-4, p. 385

Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain

Fishes

Microciliates microflagellates

Zooplankton

Dec

om

po

siti

on

, w

aste

s

Copepod

Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria

Was

tes,

dec

om

po

siti

on

Diatom Dinoflagellate Prochlorococcus Synechococcus

Dissolved organic material; inorganic

nutrients

Fig. 14-4, p. 385

Fishes

Microciliates microflagellates

Dec

om

po

siti

on

, w

aste

s

Copepod

Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria

Was

tes,

dec

om

po

siti

on

Diatom Dinoflagellate Prochlorococcus Synechococcus

Dissolved organic material; inorganic

nutrients Stepped Art

Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain

Zooplankton

Fig. 14-5a, p. 386

Fig. 14-5b, p. 386

Fig. 14-5c, p. 386

Fig. 14-6a, p. 387

Fig. 14-6b, p. 387

Fig. 14-6b, p. 387

Inner valve

Outer valve

Diatom New valves forming

Cross section of diatoms

Auxospore formation

b

Fig. 14-7a, p. 387

Fig. 14-7b, p. 387

Fig. 14-8a, p. 388

Fig. 14-8b, p. 388

Fig. 14-8c, p. 388

Fig. 14-9, p. 389

Fig. 14-9, p. 389

Buoy

Clear bottle

Opaque bottle

Pair 1

Autotrophs in the transparent bottles produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis and consume carbohydrates by respiration.

Autotrophs in the opaque bottles cannot produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis.

Pair 3 Eu

ph

oti

c zo

ne

It's darker down here, and the amount of carbohydrates produced may equal the amount consumed.

Pair 4

It may be so dark here that little photosynthesis can occur; consumption of carbohydrates would exceed production.

Pair 5

Dis

ph

oti

c zo

ne

Weight

Box 14-1a/b, p. 390

Box 14-1c, p. 391

Fig. 14-10, p. 392

Fig. 14-11, p. 393

Fig. 14-11, p. 393

(ft)

(m)

Surface0 0

Photosynthesis rate

Photosynthesis inhibited here because of too much lightDepth of greatest productivity

100 Gross productivity

Lower light levels restrict photosynthesis down here

(Position of bottle pair 3 in Figure 14.9)50

200

Dep

th

Compensation depth (respiration equals photosynthesis) (Position of bottle pair 4 in Figure 14.9)

Bottom of euphotic zone300

100Respiration rate

Oxygen minimum zone

Net productivity

Fig. 14-12, p. 395

Fig. 14-13, p. 395

Fig. 14-13, p. 395

More More More

Less Less LessWinter Spring Fall

a Tropical ocean b North Pacific c Northern polarNutrients Phytoplankton Water temperature

Summer Winter Spring FallSummer Winter Spring FallSummer

Fig. 14-14, p. 396

Fig. 14-15, p. 396

Fig. 14-16a, p. 397

Fig. 14-16b, p. 397

Fig. 14-16c, p. 397

Fig. 14-17, p. 397

Fig. 14-18a, p. 399

Fig. 14-18a, p. 399

Stipe

Gas bladder

Blade

Holdfast

Fig. 14-18b, p. 399

Fig. 14-19, p. 400

Fig. 14-19, p. 400

KelpMangrove

Fig. 14-20, p. 401

Fig. 14-21, p. 401