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Proefcentrum fruitteelt vzwFruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden – 0032 (0)11 69 70 80 – [email protected]
Fighting new organisms: the new normal?
BE Scientific Plant Health Symposium15 October 2020
Dany Bylemans - Research Station for Fruit (pcfruit) npo& KULeuven (Dept. Biosystems)
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
2 cases from the fruit sector
• The spotted wing Drosophila - Drosophila suzukii
• The brown marmorated stink bug – Halyomorpha halys
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Case 1. The spotted wing Drosophila – Drosophila suzukii
Shane F. McEvey, Australian Museum -
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4644793.v1
https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em9262/html
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Egg deposition in ripening fruit
Martin Hauser, California Department of Food
and Agriculture.
Sean McCann, Simon Fraser Univ., USB
Biobest, Belgium
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Pcfruit record:
23 larvae in 1 strawberry
(naturalinfestation)
Sean McCann, Simon Fraser Univ., US@ pcfruit
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
IOQ22A: Plantenziekten en Plantenplagen. D. Bylemans
6
2008: first observations in California & South-Europa
2011: first observation in Belgium (November)
2012: 26 % of traps caught D. suzukii, no damage
2013: 70 % of traps caught D. suzukii, no damage
2014: 100 % of traps caught D. suzukii, massive damage in berries, cherries, raspberry,
blackberry, viticulture and strawberry (open field)
2015+: strongly depending on weather conditions, but every year damage
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Small insect, few notices ? (www.waarnemingen.be)
Pcfruit record observations:
Mark/recapture studies : 109 500 ind/haFruit infestation: > 8 mln ind/ha
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Vlaio-LA project: Optical Wing Beat Sensor (with. Prof. De Ketelaere, KULeuven)
licht
Fluctuating current: = signal→ ‘Biometric fingerprint’ depending on wing beat frequency, size and shape of the wings
Wing beat frequence typically100-1000/sec (Hz)
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Dead end trapping
IOQ20A D. Bylemans 9
@ pcfruit
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
@ pcfruit
Sean McCann, Simon Fraser Univ., USB
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Toolbox of partial solutions …(investigated in pcfruit)
Physical control:
- Exclusion netting
- Physcial deterrents
- Mass trapping
- Lure and kill
- Sterile Insect Technology
- Cold chain management
- Modified atmosphere
(post harvest)
- Visual distraction
Biological control:
- Predators
- Parasitoids
- Biological control agents
- Natural insecticides
- Pheromone disruption
- Push & pull
- Repellents
- Attractants
Chemical control:
- Selective compounds
- Broad spectrum compounds
Farm management:
- Hygiene measures
- Waste fruit management
- Shorter picking interval
- (Automatic) MonitoringBreeding:
- Resistant varieties @ Alamy
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
… but the winner is…
Mr. & Mrs. Drosophila suzukii
Sean McCann, Simon Fraser Univ., USB
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Case 2: The brown marmorated stinkbug,Halyomorpha halys
David R. Lance, USDAPcfruit
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Economic damage: “D. suzukii is a small problem…”
In the US, it took 14 years to become the most important pest in recent history, causing 37 million dollars in losses in
the fruit growing sector.
In Europe, Italy has been the first country invaded. In less than 10 years since its arrival, the insect is damaging apples, pears, kiwifruit, peaches, apricots, cherries, walnuts and even corn and soybeans, with losses reaching up to 100%. In 2019, the value of the damages has been estimated at 250 million Euro.
Since it is a foreign species, it has no dedicated natural enemies. Therefore, only phytosanitary treatments are effective.
Organophosphates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are the most effective substances.
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
15
Halyomorpha halys invasion
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
16
Halyomorpha halys spread in EU and situation in B
Observations in B (14/10/20)
www.waarnemingen.be
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Physical exclusion netting tested on (bio)farm
The Lombardy region (Italy) has invested over €10 millionin protective nets for orchards
in recent years. @ pcfruit
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Any natural ennemy around?
The Italian government has passed a law approving the use of the predatory samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus, to combat the bug
Recently also found in Europe !
Effective against H.halysbut not against endemic stink bugs…
Tim Haye, Agroscopen, CH
PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL
Global warming or globalised trade?
Or both?
Why do we get all these invasive species?
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Conclusions
• New pests and diseases invade our regionsat a never experienced frequency
• Some cause enormous economical damage, as no natural population control is existing
• Integration of various control methods:increase of costs but still damageexperienced
• 30 years back in terms of IPM status !
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Peer reviewed papers last 5Y
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Thank you !
Contact? [email protected]
Tim Beliën, Vincent Van Kerckvoorde, Rik Clymans,
Gertie Peusens, Eva Bangels et al.