FILI With Comparison to Rizal's NOLI

8/3/2019 FILI With Comparison to Rizal's NOLI

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A Revolution That Failed


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from Brussels Rizalleft for Ghent on July5, 1891


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GHENT

the famous university city of Belgium

Reasons for moving to Ghent:

cost of printing in Ghent is cheaper than in Brussels

to escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne

Filipinos in Ghent:

Jose Alejandrino (Pampanga)

Edilberto Evangelista (Manila)both studying engineering in the world-famed University of

Ghent


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Owing to his limited funds, Rizal lived in a cheap

boarding house, with Jose Alejandrino as room-mate. Theirs

was a very frugal life, subsisting of the barest necessities. To

economize further, they prepared their own daily breakfast in

their room.

Years later Alejandrino who became a general

during the Filipino-American War of 1899-1902 and an engineer

recounted in his memoirs their hard life in Ghent.


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Even before Lopez Jaena suggested thewriting of another novel, Rizal had already in mind to pena third novel.

September 22, 1891 four days after the Fili came off thepress, he wrote to Blumentritt:

I am thinking of writing a third novel, a novel in the modern

sense of the word, but this time politics will not find much space in it, butethics will play the principal role. I shall deal mainly with the habits andcustoms of Filipinos, and only two Spaniards, the friar curate and thelieutenant of the Guardia Civil will be there. I wish to be there. I wish to behumorous, satirical and witty, to weep and to laugh, to laugh amidst the tears,that is to cry bitterly.


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October 18, 1891 boarded the steamer Melbourne in

Marseilles bound for Hong Kong. During the voyage he

began writing the third novel in Tagalog which he

intended for Tagalog readers. In Hong Kong he continuedit, but for some reason or another he did not finish it.

Unfinished third novel no title

- consists of 44 pages in hishandwriting, still in manuscript form


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The story of the unfinished novel begins with the

solemn burial of Prince Tagulima, son of Sultan Zaide of Ternate, onMapalad-na-Bato, a big rock on the bank of Pasig river. Sultan Zaide,with his royal family and retainers, was taken prisoner by theSpaniards during the wars in the Moluccas and brought to Manila.The old sultan, his children, and followers were promised good

treatment, but the Spaniards forgot their promise and let them dieone by one in misery.The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a

descendant of Lakan-Dula, last king of Tondo. He plotted to regainthe lost freedom of his fathers. One day he saved his 2 beautiful

granddaughters, Maligaya and Sinagtala, from the lustful Spaniards the cura and the encomendero of Bay, Laguna.


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Unfinished Third Novel

It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to have

finished this novel because it would have causedgreater scandal and more Spanish vengeance on him

He was not afraid to show the evils that took part in

the Philippines


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Makamisa

Novel in Tagalog

Written in the light of sarcastic style and is incomplete for only 2chapters finished

Dapitan

Written in ironic Spanish

Wrote during his exile in Dapitan to depict the town life and

customs


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Untitled

Novel in Spanish

About the life in Pili, a town in Laguna

Untitled

About Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student who has returned

from Europe

Rizal based his novels in his own experiences and in

what he witnessed in the Philippines


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Rizal had to define the word filibustero to hisGerman friend Ferdinand Blumentritt Searched for printing house with lowest quotation

F. Meyer-Van Loo Press- *66 Viaanderen St. Installment basis Pawned jewels Expected funds from friends didnt arrived


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to do so. For the past three months I have not received asingle centavo, so I have pawned all that I have in order topublish this book. I will continue publishing it as long as Ican; and when there is nothing to pawn I will stop and

return to be at your side."

Jose Maria Basa in Hongkong"I am not sailing at once, because Iam now printing the second part ofthe Noli here, as you may see from

the enclosed pages. I prefer topublish it in some other way beforeleaving Europe, for it seemed to mea pity not


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Valentin Ventura Paris Publication is completed onSeptember 1891 *1 for Jose Basa and 1 for Sixto Lopez Shipped all Ghent edition copies toHongkong *Original copy Valentin Ventura Smuggled into Philippines

*El Nuevo Regimen serialized in itsissues


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The Reign of Greed Paghahari ng Kasakiman October, 1887 practicing medicine in Calamba London (1888)

- made some changes in the plot and correctedsome chapters already written

- told Mariano Ponce

- heard the news about his family being penalizedby the friars in the hacienda in Calamba

- Leonor Rivera married Henry Kipping


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He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid March 29, 1891

- finished the manuscript in Biarritz, France

Rodriguez Arias P200 bought Los Sucesos de las Islas

Filipinas(revised)


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Filipiana Division Bureau of Public Libraries, Mla. Bought from Valentin Ventura for P10000 Consists of 279 pages

FOREWORD and WARNING not put into printingto save printing cost


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Rizals historicalinaccuracies "To the memory of thepriests, Don MarianoGomez (85 years old),Don Jose Burgos (30years old), and DonJacinto Zamora (35 years

old). Executed in theBagumbayan Field on the28th of February, 1872."


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NOLI FILI


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NOLI FILI

Romantic Novel

Work of heartBook of feelingDedicated to motherland64 chaptersPeaceful reformsCrisostomo Ibarra

Political Novel

Work of headA book of thoughtDedicated in memory ofGOMBURZA38 chaptersRevolutionSimoun


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Noli and Fili

Awakening of Filipinos to the idea that they belong to onenation

To make them realize that they have a motherland to love

Welfare is their paramount concern

Seeking of reforms in society

Depicted the actual conditions of Philippines

Awakened Filipino nationalism


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SIMOUN - represents the portion of Filipino society which, tired of theoppressors rule wanted that rule to be overthrown at all cost, but had nosystematic plan for the new society, if the old is overthrown.

MARIA CLARA suffered untold physical and spiritual abuse for at least 13years, at last dies, can still be made to symbolize in the Fili, the friardominated culture, which is now ripe for revolution. That there is noeventual union between Simoun and Maria Clara, not even meetingbetween the two since they parted 13 years ago is significant. AlthoughSimoun wanted very much to see and possess her, he was not permitted

to do so. This is indicative, symbolically speaking, of Rizals refusal torecognize that the friar-dominated Filipino culture could still bereinvigorated through the infusion of new elements into its anemicbloodstream.


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SEOR PASTA the idealist turned mercenary, could be made torepresent that portion of the Filipino society who have abandoned theirnoble social ideals and have become thoroughly self-seeking opportunist,serving only the interest of those who have hired them.

ISAGANI a young student who is inspired by high ideals for his countrybut at critical moment apparently and unwittingly forgets those ideals forselfish reasons, could be made to symbolize the untested and unreliable

idealism of a segment of the educated Filipino youths of the time.

PAULITA GOMEZ the hapless object of Isaganis affection, a girl who ismore free from the fetters of convention than Maria Clara, can be madeto represent that portion of Filipino womanhood still half breed likeMaria Clara- which is relatively enlightened but which is itself almost

thoroughly bereft of love of our country and of a desire for the socialgood.


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BASILIO the medical student who, despite the extreme sufferings undergoneby his family as a result of clerical perfidy and cruelty, refuses to entertain anyrevolution though even in the face of rampant social injustices, could be madeto symbolize that segment of the educated Filipino society which has been sobrutalized that it has become insensible to the social welfare.

PLACIDO PENITENTE a young man who has been so disillusioned by the stateof affairs he finds himself in as a student, entertains the desire to go abroad.

When shown by Simoun some signs of a possible uprising, he becomes sofrightened that he could not make up his mind whether to join or not. Hepersuasively could be made to symbolize those elements of Philippine society,which had not yet been infused with a national sentiment or social conscience.

DON CUSTODIO a typical Spanish official in the country, who occupies several

positions despite the absence of qualification, believes that any idea that doesnot come from him deserves no consideration. Rizal portrayed in the novel assomeone who finds pleasure in developing a feeling of inferiority among thepeople.


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The pattern of suffering in the El filibusterismo is depicted in the story ofCabesang Tales, Juli, and the school master

CABESANG TALES a victim of land grabbing by the friars, becamedesperate and joined the outlaws for personal revenge. He died of feverand found no justice in the courts.

JULI innocent looking and unaffected daughter of Cabesang Tales and

sweetheart of BASILIO, took her own life because of her love for honor andchastity rather than surrender her womanhood to the mundane desire ofFr. Camorra.

THE SCHOOL MASTER rusticated as a rebel for having experimentedteaching the Spanish language to young children against the wishes of the

Spanish friars was pardoned due to the influence wielded by Simoun. Lateron, he became Simouns gunpowder expert.


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Rizals message in El Filibusterismo is very clear; that the presentsystem of government in the Philippines through corrupt officials, dominatedby the friars can lead to the downfall of Spain. This point was stressed bySimoun in the novel, when he said, what is a man to do when he is deniedjustice? Take the law into his own hands or wait for Spain to give himrights From the foregoing, Rizal was very certain that because of the

nature and operation of the government, those who are intelligent, generous,hard-working, courageous and loyal citizens were driven into opposition,crime and subversion.

The Spanish colonial government for Rizal was arbitrary, cruel,lacking in a sense of justice and responsibility, without interest in the peopleunder its tutelage. While Rizal described the government in a very negaticveway, his picture of the friars in the Fili was harsher. In this novel, Rizal paintedthem as abusing their power for the following reasons; to satisfy their evildesires; to preserve their control of education; to rob men of their land; andto seek their own interests.


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Rizal did not spare his fellow Filipinos from his criticism of the regime.He condemned them for their greed, corruption, hypocrisy and cowardice,which contributed so much to the abuses of the civil officials and friars

Another message communicated by Rizal was on the course of actionFilipinos should take if Spain would not listen to his warning. As Filipinos haddesired assimilation for a long time, Spain should grant it. Should Spain notaccede to the clamor for assimilation, the people may eventually prefer to dierather than endure the miseries any longer. Violent means to effect changewould thus become inevitable to achieve their goal.


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*El Filibusterismo is about a revolution that failed, whichwas orchestrated by Simoun. Rizal made the revolution ofSimoun fail at the very moment it was supposed to start. *Rizal, through Simoun, had come to realize thatindependence was the solution to the miseries of peopleunder Spanish rule. "Instead of aspiring to be a mere province, aspire to be anation, develop an independent, not colonial mentality.There are no tyrants where there are no slaves." *Simoun asked Fr. Florentino why God denied him Hishelp.


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"We must win our freedom by deserving it, byimproving the mind and enhancing the dignity of theindividual loving what is just, what is good, what isgreat to the point of dying for it. When a people reach

these heights, God provides the weapon... Ourmisfortunes are our own fault, let us blame nobody forthem With or without Spain, they would be the sameand perhaps worse. What is the use of independence if

the slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow?And no doubt, they will, because whoever submits totyranny loves it!"


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*Rizal was a reluctant revolutionary because whilehe was on the belief that assimilation is not possibleand that independence was the remedy to alleviate

the sufferings of the Filipinos under Spanish rule, Rizalheistates and backs down.


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After the publication of El Filibusterismo,Rizal gave up the idea of gradual and peacefulemancipation of the country which he clearlycommunicated to Blumentritt:

...peaceful struggle will just remain a dream,considering that Spain had not learned the lesson of herformer colonies in SouthAmerica

Rizal became a separatist (one whoadvocates political or religious separation). He was quiteunique considering that he left to God the attainment ofindependence.


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After the publication of the Fili, Rizal was

bitterly attacked and mocked by his fellow reformers inMadrid. This can be accounted for by the very radical and

subversive tone of the novel, which renounced the

propaganda campaign for peaceful reforms andassimilation. This made him decide to severe his

connection with the propagandists in Madrid to avert

possible split in their unity. Totally free and detached fromthe propagandists in Europe, Rizal opted to return to the

Philippines to share the misfortune of his family.

Documents

FILI With Comparison to Rizal's NOLI