Abstract book

Final COST 634 International Conference

S'S I '" ,.~ . Jil: _, ~lJL 1_ Tl ..... § J I~

Es_ o/ll_JOJ@_r_~_r_ ~...rzr r1_l l JITl J.>m~· r~

..! '11D.<ar ~ J ~:LJU al El~ ( ~~l r Jll.~~

30th June - 4th July 2008

Aveiro, Portugal

... universidade I:.] d oveiro

~ ESAC CESAM

Es("ola Supl'riur .\~riria de Cmmbrn C• nho ror I l\lll l)Ofll('nlal and MiJnnc Studies

Ocost: ... universidade c::J de aveiro

Abstract book

~'inal COST 634 International Conference

"On- and Off-site Environmental

I m pacts of Runoff and Erosion"

Aveiro, Portugal, 30th June- 4th July 2008

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ORGANIZATION

• I •

Qr~anizing Committee Celeste Coelho, Jacob Keizer,

Ant6nio Ferreira, Anne-Karine Boulet, Dina Calado, Maruxa Malvar,

Sergio Prats, Sandra Valente.

Host Institution CESAM - Centre for Environmental

& Marine Studies University of Aveiro

Dt•pa rtment of Environment & Planning Campus Universitario de Santiago

:1H t0-19:i Aveiro, Portugal

....

Abstract Book of the

Final COST 634 International Conference

"On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion"

Aveiro, Pottugal, 30th June - 4th July 2008

Edited by

Celeste de Oliveira Alves Coelho

Printed and bound by

TeQ, Comercio Internacional, lda

4410·236 Canelas VNG

Portugal

- 2 -

"On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion" 30'11 June to 4'h July 2008, Aveiro, Portugal

Introduction

Objectives and Scope

~ e s n

Runoff and soil erosion are among the major environmental threats t•l'latcd to agricultural and forest land uses in Europe. The main t·onsrquences of erosion are not only on-site: soil degradation, declining .,oil fertility, limiting infiltration capacity and water storage. Off-site llltpa<·ts include eutrophication of watercourses and lakes, destruction of \\llcllift• habitats, siltation of dams, reservoirs, rivers, and property d.11nag<· by flooding (muddy floods). Runoff prevention and soil I''',,,.,., ion have beneficial effects in reducing flood risk, especially against ·' ltllt•lq•,round of climate change.

I ho• 11t:t11t aim of this final conference of the COST Action 634 (2004-,,,fq "' lo present the achievements of the action and to discuss the

" nit nl Hoil erosion research in the context of land management and I"'"'' lnttntllution that encourage soil protection and reduce the on-and

,11 1o Hnp.it 'h of runoff and erosion; identify and analyse the barriers for fit t lt \t ttil pmtt•ction at all levels (scientific, political, administrative

nul tllltt lt}',•' ttll'ttl) , develop tools and methods to support decision 111111"1 111 lltt• ~-t~tstainable management of erosion-sensitive areas at the I 11111 h \1 I dt•\l•lop an integrated understanding of on-and off-site

tlj tt t •1 llto 'o~tdutH'nl scale.

uuh 1 • '" 11 Fm·uN Topics

"'''·· I••Wflt d '4 Hoil t'OilS<'rvation practices

11 1 tltt tld1 ' '· ''''' ~kn it • Manag<•mcn l

l1!111 111 •,,11,, ,, . ,uu l Stllks

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lino I C 111 ",!," l111 lo •,:~•uu ululln•J•IIII II ufl(uuull 1111ol1• 1•11,'1ion"

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Wc.·dn(•sday, 2nd of.July .:.wuli

6h.30 - Field lrip lo Av(.!irQ n•gjon

20hoo - Dinner

Thursday, 3rd of July 2008

9h3o - WG3 Sediment Sources and Sinks (Part 1)

nhoo - Coffee Break

11h30 - WG3 Sediment Sources and Sinks (Part 2)

13hoo - Lunch

14h30 - Special Session Rub~off and erosion modelling, socio-economic & policy issues in areas su ~ect to forest fires (Part 1)

16hoo - Coffee Break

16h30 - Special Session Rub~off and erosion modelling, socio-economic & policy issues in areas su ~ect to forest fires (Part 2)

18hoo - Poster session fWG3 & Special Session)

1ghoo - Closure of the Conference

Friday, 4th of July 2008

ghoo - Cost Evaluation meeting

12hoo - Departure

-6-

"On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion" 30'h June to 4'h July 2008, Aveiro, Portugal

Content Organization ............................................................................... 1

Introduction ............................................................................... 3

Pt·ogramme ................................................................................ 5

WG 1 The challenge of implementing soil conservation • Sustainable Land Use, • Policy Issues, • /\lliludes towards soil conservation practices ....................... 15

fltctll'r·esentation ..................................................................... 15

'" lu o..-unnmic aspects of soil conservation: An overview of the results of the socio­' 11111111111t lu~k J,:nmp in COST634"

/, .. ,, · I ltll/1'<1111 , .1.• Germany ............... .. ................ .. .... .... ....... ................ ................. ..... 17

I h• I" uhlo·m uf ,.,u ct·osion and its perception by farmers and policy makers in 1111111!111 I ..

I .''""Y•II I' ............................... ................. ......................................................... 18

llttuull tm•l '"11 ,,, u~lcm in Uritain- Perception and Policy"

H •• ""' ol l t"fltl"'""""""""""""""""""""""""""'""' "'""'"""""'"'" ............. 19

• -n1111l '""' lh•· l'l~nllciiJ.:C of achieving sustainable land use" I .l lll lloollillflcllllll ,,..,., .............. .................................................................... 20

IIIM lit• 1u~t olln thl'lll''' uf l•ITurls stimulating the adoption of SWC practices: ......... lt lit I '""' ollllfwl•·~ luwnrds soil conservation in Belgium"

............................. ...................................... ............... 21

lluU "' I I , ···l,.. lt l(Pjlllhl1!' .............................................................. 22

Ill 11'""'' ' I '" h ttllnH'IIInl l'm~-:nunmcs" reduced crusiu11 in

""" ~ oof/,.mol, .1, • Norwuy .................. ...................... :.!;!

I 1/, '''''11 ,., '""''''' Ill' . /'I'll"""'· 1' .• /(, ,, , , .'i .................. .., .......... ............ !.!,1

"On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion" 30tlt June to 41/t July 2008, Aveiro, Porh1gal

14hoo - Special Session Runoff and erosion modelling, socio-economic & policy issues in areas subject to forest fires (Part 1)

Moderator: Antonio Ferreira C!l Portugal

Keynote speaker , "Post-wildfire soil erosion in pine and eucalyptus plantations of the Agueda Basin, north-ccntrall'ortugal: a twenty-year perspective" Sltakesl!!J, R.A. t!l United Kingdom

"Post-fire er osion measurement and modelling using repeat rainfall simulations in two eucalypt stands in J>ortugal" Prats, S.A ., Malvar, M.C., Ferreira , R.S.F., Nunes, J.P., Keize>·, J.J. Ill Portugal

"Soil erosion modcling with rainfall simu lati ons on burned areas" Mend, S., Keizer, .!., Malum·, M., Morelti, S. C!l Italy

" Field assessment of the impact of fire severity on soil" Fcrnanclez, C., Vega, .!.A., Perez-Gorostiaga, P., Fonturbe/, T., Jimenez, E. Ill Spain

"Contribution of rural abandonment to forest fires occurrence and its hydrological and erosiona l consequences. A study case in Centrall'ortugal" Nuncs, A ., Coelho, C.OA. 1!1 Portugal

15h45 - Coffee Break

16h15 - Special Session Runoff and erosion modelling, socio-economic & policy issues in areas subject to forest fires (Part 2)

Moderator: Rick Shakes by t!l United Kingdom

Keynote speaker "What Ca uses Runoff and Sediment Yields to Increase After Wildfires?" MacDonalcl, L.H., Larsen, l.J., Brown, E., Rough, D., Welsh, M .J., Pielraszek, J.H., Libolwva, Z., Scl>affratlt, K. Cll USA

"Wildfire effects on water repellency severity of pine forest soils in north-west Spain and their implications for post-fire soil erosion" Varela, M .E., Rodrfguez-Aileres, M., Benito, E., Keizer, J.J. !fJ Spain

"Mitigation techniques and strategies to reduce soil and water degradation immediately after forest fires" P,·ats, S.A., Amaml, L.P., Coe/ho, C.OA., Fen·eira , A.J.D, Pinheiro, A., BmTagan, F., Boulet, A.-K. Cll Portugal

-8-

"On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion" 30tlt June to 4Ift July 2008, Aueiro, Portugal

17h30 - Poster CWG3 & Special Session)

WG3 Moderator: Josef Krasa Cll Czech Republic

"Quantitative spatial distribution of gullies in Lebanon using GIS regression-tree models" Bou Kheir, R., Abdallah, C. 00 Lebanon

"How can wind-driven rains influence erosion?" de Lima, Jodo L. M. P. 1!1 P01tugal

"Soil erosion survey for Saxony using the EROS ION-3D simulation model" Schindewo/f. M. , Schmidt, J. 1!1 Germany

"Study of surface r unoff and water erosion characteristics using rainfall simulator" Jakubikova A., Schwarzova P., Dvomkova T., Dostal T., Klik A. ~ Czech Republic

"Comparative analysis of continuous turbidity measurem ents and discharge based auto sampling to calculate catchment sed iment load" Eder, A., Strauss, P. 00 Austria

" Erosio n processes in the mountainous drainage basin of the torrent Lagada Grias, Lell<ada island, Greece" Verikiou - Papaspiridakou, E. C!l Greece

"lnterrill erosion in shrub areas of Montcsinho Natur:t l l'arlc results of a rainfall simulation fie ld study" de Figueiredo, T., Fonseca , F., Bompasto1·, A. 1!1 Portugal

"Soil loss and runoff measurement und er rainfall simulation in the Matlaq catchment (Rabat region, Morocco)" Antari, M., Laouina, A. 00 Morocco

"Identifying areas prone to rill erosion in the watershed of Lake Balaton" Sisak, I. 00 Hungary

"Soil erosion and sed iment yields in some construction areas in Spain and its impact on rivers" Nauarro, J., Sanz, F.J., S6iz, A. t!l Spain

"Sediment Transport in the Czech Part of the El be Catchment" Becvar M., Dostal T., Krasa J. I!J Czech Republic

"Application of catchment scale erosion and sediment delivery model INCA-SED to four small study catchments in Finland" Rankinen, K., Tlwuvenot-Korppoo, M., Buttcrfielcl, D. 1!1 Finland

1'11u '""11111 !illt 1 11\ h """" ucullntt"" 111 "' "'""'11 uucl Ec·u .... ion" \0'

1' l1111• 111 1

111 IIIIY 'IKii!, \•I'" l',.oiiiCiil

W( ::1 Sc•clinwnl Soul'l'c·s unci Sink.<~ ............................. ............ . 57

()rttl PJ•(•senlolion .............. ................ ............... ................ ....... 57

l(l•ynotc spcakcc· "On· and Off-site Impacts of Erosion in the Mcditcrruncun b:1~in for the 21st century" /,o• /lissolllwis, Y. et J\1. Ill France .......................................................... ........... .................... 59

"A methodological framework for soil erosion assessment within process, model and t>olicy hierarchies" Wurbs, D., Volk, M., M oiler, M ., Schmidt, G. Ill Germany ............................ ...... ............ .. ......... 60

"Evaluation of land use management alternatives with model application -a case study ft·om a southern taiga catchment in Russia" 01/esc/r, G., Demidou, V., Volokitin, M., Meissner, R. lil Germany ........................ .............. ...... ... 61

"EUROSEM (2008) : a re-engineered and restructured software tool for soil erosion scenario analysis and Sediment connectivity assessment" Lorenzo Horselli, L., Scmchis, P.S. , Cassi, P., Yanez, M.S., Bartolini, D., Torri, D. lil Italy .. ............ 62

"Impact of the climate change-induced runoff formation in winter on the soil erosion and sediment yield from gully catchments" Soms, J. 11 Latvia .. .................... ............... .......... ...... ............................... ................. . ...... .. 63

"Controlling sediment in arable landscapes: experiences from the United Kingdom" Quintan, J, Deasy, C., Si/gram, M., Jackson, B., Alison Bailey, A . lil United Kingdo m ................... 64

"Sediment transport and land use development in the Czech Republic" Dos tal T., Krusa J. rtl Czech Republic .......................................................................... ... 6:,

"Connectivity and thresholds in water and sediment transport in burned areas, Portugal" Ferreira,A.J.D., Coelho, C.OA., Slrakesby, RA., Boulet, A.-K., Alegre, S.P., Stoof, C., Keizer, J.J. lil

Portugal ...................................................... ...... ...... ..................... .. ................. ... ........... ... hh

"Cross-site comparison of climate effects on the watershed transport of sediments and metals across Northeast and Southeast Asia" Park, J.H., Hoang, T.T. [i] Korea ........................................................................................ .. 11

Poster ............................................................ ............... ........... .

"Quantitative spatial distribution of gullies in Lebanon using GIS regression-tree models" Bou Khei1·, R. , Abdal/ah, C. Ill Lebanon ............................................................................. ..

"How can wind-driven rains influence erosion'? " de Lima, Joiio 1-. M. P. 11 Portugal ................................................................................. .. ,

-10-

"On- and Off-site Environmental Impacts of Runoff and Erosion" 30'h June to 4'h Jul y 2008, Aveiro, Portugal

" l'hc impact of climate change on soil hydrology and degradation: an assessment of 1 nlncrabilities on Irish Agriculture" '"""'"• S. Ill Ireland ............................................ . ............ · · ............ · · .. ........ · · · ..... · · .... · ... .. .. .. 73

'tull erosion survey for Saxony using the EROSION-3D simulation model" lwu/o•tflll/{. M., Schmidt, J. 1!1 Germany .......... . .................. .............. .... .. ........ .... ........... . ... . .. 74

'•huly nf surface runoff and water erosion characteristics using rainfall simulator" •. 11 11t11A,11,11 A., Sclrwarzoua P., Duoi'Qkoua T., Dostal 1'., KlikA. lil Czech Republic .. ................ ..... 75

1 '""l'mnllvt• analysis of continuous turbidity measurements and discharge based '"''" ., ,,., 1,un~ to calculate catchment sediment load" 1 I , 1 ''''"'"·''· lil Austria ........................................................................... ........ .......... 76

1 1 ,, '"" I"'" c•o,ws in the mountainous drainage basin of the torrent Lagada Grias,

I llot111h1 '''""''· (;n•cce" I.,,,,, ·l"'"'"kou, /i. lil Greece .............................................................. .. .. .............. 77

11 ill et"''"" In shc·nb areas of Montesinho Natural Park: results of a rainfall

""'' , """" ""'11\lll'l' lllCnt under rainfall simulation in the Matlaq catchment •lull l\lm '" • nl"

"1 I •M"'"'·o·u .. ............................................................................ .. ....... 79

1 1n I"""' In , lllt•rno,inn in the watershed of Lake Balaton" ............ ................................................... ........... ..... .. ... 80

'"" un ••nvlwnmcnt -case study: Crasna (Teleajen) catchment-" '"" I I I/ Hill I'. IHqlrl'l, A. lil Romania ........................................... 81

• , ......... ............... ........................................ ........... 82

.... ................. ..................................... 8:~

'"" ''"'1 o.nllnll'nt dl'li vcry model IN('A-SJ<:J) to fnur

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11

... universidade t::J de aveiro

WG3 Session- Sediment Sources and Sinks

Ioterrill orosion in sbrub areas of Montesinbo Natural Park' results of a

rainfall simulation field study

de Figueiredo, 'f .1, Fonseca, F.\ Bompastor, A.

1

' '"'""' '""''"' W'''" do Hrns"""· AP""""' 1112. 5301-855 Brns'""'' ~ Vog«"ioo co~mooiti<' kMW" ss shrubs "'"'. '"""d ooo <hi<d of <h< 150lan2 ol Abstract Moo<"ioho """"' '"' (PNM), lo""d \oNE Portug•l. Tho" oUm~ooiti<' '" grt>"~·•l ""'"'' o g <o lhO do m i oool '"'"" i o "<' '" • is" ( Ci.rt"' lo<Umif"'), "gi<' w is" ( Cyl i "" s "' o "" ), ,.d "o "'' s" ( £•"" ""'"'" "'"). In spi w of "" di ff ""'' ph yw-soci olog \1 "I si '-"""'o"' of "'h ooo of lhOM' groo ps, shrubs •re "'blo "'"'"" of PN M '"'d"'"' Do< <o ""'"go •re" ,.,,red "'d ''"'"' lhoi< ' '"''' disuibu\\00 wilhio PNM. shruhs pi·•• "' i mpo""'' rok i o hyd rolo ' '"I pro<'"" ,.d soil prol«oliOO \o so oh ' mM o"" ""'

R """h '"di o g <o lh is pres<oWli oo is p"" of ' proi«' d"i good ,.d ouriod ool ' " I• " tenitory. koow PNM shrub "oss io .,,ms of• (\) soil ,.osioo risk; (ii) C """"""\oo io ""' • ,,g<t"\00 """' (\\\) C dyo>mi<' \0 <h"< syswms. 'fh< pres<OM\00 OOdreSS<S I" <I" 110

objective mentioned. B-' oo lh< "'""\oo m" of PNM, '" ,porimonwl s\w w>S " '"''"' lO ""''"" 1 worl<, wh \oh ,oommod""' i o ' <holl ••" i•l '"go lho dos i go '"'"'re m eo'" si o' I• '"'I '

a range of slope gradients, the three main vegetation communities. Piold wo<k oomp<isol miob\1 <imol"ioo ruos wi<h • po"'blo sp,y-oooh "" b•""' fo< i ol<oSi<Y ,d rniod mp d ;,ui bolioo "'d ki o<li< "'"" of si m" I"'" ' ·""

E"h '"o ;ododOO• 30mio mio o•" • sqo"' ""'" p\ol "'""'"''"' "" commuoi<y; ,uooff ,d w.,hod '''""'"'' moaso"m"'" io \Omlo "''" "''""""" h '""" •""o"'" bolow "'d •"""' grouod •og'"'""" b\omOS'i m·''"'" "'' lh ic ko<AA; I""" I '•omgo <I op< W'dioo<; so \1 <>m ph o g do WO lO 30oiD del" h " • I coowo<s- C coowm wss "''"miood by \goi<\OO loAA io "''""'"o """I""""'

hori•oo ,.d soil'''"'· P<io< lO ruo< <Oil wss .,mplod fo< moi""" '""""' Roos. 36 io <oWl, wore c>niod ool ><<o<diog lo """"~'""'I '"'"''" commuoi<i« (""""'is", "gi"'"''", .. ..,,.,;s·~. 3 \opogmphi< ""'''''"" I ·'"'' S%; mod\om. 15%; high, 14%), 3 reph<""· A .-oo wh"' "'''""""' •"''' '" wore oo<i«IY .,mo•od wM • lw " "'"' ool oo '"" oo< of lli' "'''''"'""" lopogc>ph io pos I l \oO' This • llowOO "" '""''moo< of •"'"" i "I "' "" "'''' ' • ",.110 G\obol ruoOrf '"d soil Ios< "'"'" ,ok •<go"'' "" '"m'""'"'"'' '" '""'' "on•i<'' > "gios"'''" . Y ol, "g\osWi<" <howcd dood Y luw•·• • "'" ,\1 "'"" >I ""'" • ,; <" h•d dw< I y hi gh<l <oil loss l h'" lh< o>l.c•·. A w·' ">" """ •ll I "' i "'"'"" wi<h ,lop< "'""''· V ogol "'\oo '"' l opog '""" ;, · ,. ll ,. ' " "" "'"" \1 ool "" \" \<> \1 y , ; go if><'"'- Th< ''""'' P'" 1 "" I"' u '""" " I "'""I 1" •" n '" vegetation communities rank Ji\Tercntly in \nw s \npl· ("1111111~ soil loss, in medium and hig.h slope the rank • ~ till' \a\\1'1 onr 111 '"'"'

snil antl"urtais" less. Canopy ch:ll :• c ll'li~lir~ p:111\y ,·xp\ulil ll'~n\1' o\l\.11nnl lhilll' ly 1\1 kaVi"S l .lll'ii\ I Hl'HII~ :lhoi'lll\ll i\11111' IIII'X \'\11111 11·•,1111 •• ,111 \i (1

.. , ... t~•VIil' .. lllid .. h ii\ IIIWI'I Ill '' 111 1•'" •• lkl 11'11'1111}' 1\1111111 "'''" I I " "I """' ""' \1"1'1" ' m """"" ' "'"I h •W• 1 '" 'I''" ' "' , < ""' • "'" I

( \1 I~·"· I Ill , ..... I 11 ' 111111 ill 'Ill' I

H

"0 n- and Off-site E . ~····1

Soil loss and runoff L.bl.l~ catchment (R measurement u d . a bat region M n er rainfall sim I .

A

• • orocco). 0

al>on in th• M 1

nta" M '• L - at aq

3 1h nVJronmental 1 0 June to 41h Jul mpacts of Runoff y 2008, Aveiro, Pmtugal and E•·osion"

' ' . ' aouma, A.' Universit)• M 1 M owmmedVA orocco, antari.mosta{a@g,~,~~f.'c.:~;ulty of Human Sciences, UNESCO Abstnct -GNChoi•, BP./040 R

w -"'" =•'""'od '

1111\l semi-arid M runoff constitute a ma· ill land producti~~lte;ranean environmc~~; r;~tor of the land degradatio . •I""" ood lho poll y, ho "'""ioo of nood '" phooomo"' ooo b o m tl.o sob-h•mid I hl·sc processes .utwln of water. s, the destruction of ,·nf·e at the origin of the f·•ll

• . • " " "'" h . ""'"'"' ' > "''''"'"ioos "'d "' m l 'ml<n<lioo of m =· lh< <illiog of ·•il and to

0

getatwn cover ar · any parameters of · "llh ;.' co:Cegrrapfhy c~aracters are ~ucchvanable in time, and othewhllckh some, like n o takl . more st· bl rs, 1 e th

"' I " '"''"d Y "'' I "g """ 'Olho P'O'"'' ioo o; o. ore rel,.io g lo lh< lllllll.ill'd rain A and behaviours in th M the environment th .

•I• 1/I,>Sm') ·""J::~·~1' "'""" si mol"~' w~l•q oo.ohm<Ol (.;b,~ ;;';'" ' """" of lhis "" '""""'htaio<d .' loreOl ),od o= "'d" I osod " "ool fO< mio ~oo, Mo=•l ""'"

•I•• Mnllaq vis-a n thhe plot scale permittedonstant rain (55mm/h) lmulatwn a\ the plot

1

-vis t e r· · to 1dent'f · ' IJillllld~: lo dcvelo alll e~c·~t accord in to } y a large variabilit . . ,,. '" ""' "' <he fiol~ ''""'rl""l ''""- I! lh lh<" l"'d "''· lh<ln/ :1 sml boh••io"'

' "" '""I ooo •" s '" "\low "'' lho ' ' <cop I ,..d,, if '"ooff i:: '"' o" '""" "'d •I ''" lmhi lil y of tyh from 20 to 30 times bp tstures, the soil loss is . less Important in

I

e mate · 1 • • e ween c · · · • m contr ' " ""'"" oooffi . "'' m "'' cropl"'d rop "'' ''""'" Th' . uy, more

'" '" '''~"''' 11 ~o><ol< "" """" 5D' s ""d" "'' ,.; o ; mp,;l I " " d"' 'o lho 11 '' •l•k <hlfcrcn y me elements of whicl1 o m the abandoned fil eld. n term of runoff

I

ces of r ff nearly 25'1i s. The t ' '"I' """' do•ol o "oo '" d soil loss '" lh o '" 0'1!"';' = \do "osportod

'"' ""'"" b•l ;"'"'' 00 "'' lo•my ooils r' plol< = cmllrolkd ;

005

, "' "'""''"~'..' d= ool '"""" , oro/ lho cropl,..d, lh",;." '. I"'' "~"'-"" "''"'""" ,! d"~myod by lho ruHoff'"" boo'"re il ;, ool , IOldy, fmmod tit 1111&1111 In th st (absence of ti llag ) In the fallow and aba dyet suffic•ent.l y c plot wh e reduce h n oned la d .

"'"I'·'"""' wi<h lh '" rem•ios ' •<go~f ' l ' pmicl« d<l"h'h.;. s, lho • I ''" '"''""' . 0 b•re .ail "'"". '

00 reS>do<, mooff, . ' "Y hol

" , •11 '" mhl"":~~" which ;0, 01,. lh~' d~ho 1 ••g<lOl\oo '"".,.;:,~ ',~I lo~. '"

1 "'" "'' '"" "f 1 · · "ornl>UO "'' lho di< ' ' "'''"

"'' '" ',.,.,wdy showslh p<rnmoo>f "'' '"llf•,hn~:ss dccre·l. at the crusted surf·

,' ','," '""'''" ,..,.,,;::::::gly <ho ;,.filhu<ioo ~~·~;f•llow '"' b•re

1

, ,,.

11

.,,..,'.'.,"""1':· ""=" <ho <od: s<roog ooh«ioo of :;il";' "'d :"" '"""" ll > "" l''""ghod l"'ds ·

0:

0"

00 '"' coollibow, 'f''"'' ""'' "'""

,, •llow and hare arcas.prm \de catchment thus dcllo t e mobili1alion ol · ov1 e th · vcr mo

1. e great part of the r .. SI o the iln•· uno It volume .

Interrill erosion in shrub areas of Montesinho Natural Park: results of a rainfall

simulation field study Tomás de Figueiredo, Felícia Fonseca, Alice Bompastor

Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, tel. 273 303 245, fax 273 325

405, email tomasfig@ipb.pt

Vegetation communities known as shrubs cover around one third of the 750km2 of Montesinho Natural Park

(PNM), located in NE Portugal. Those communities are grouped according to the dominant species in:

“estevais” (Cistus ladanifer), “giestais” (Cytisus striatus), and “urzais” (Erica umbellata). In spite of the

different phyto-sociological significance of each one of these groups, shrubs are stable elements of PNM

landscape.

Due to the large areas covered and also to their spatial distribution within PNM, shrubs play an important

role in hydrological processes and soil protection in such a mountainous territory.

Research leading to this presentation is part of a project designed and carried out to better know PNM shrub

areas in terms of: (i) soil erosion risk; (ii) C sequestration in soil and vegetation strata; (iii) C dynamics in

these systems. The presentation addresses to the first objective mentioned.

Based on the vegetation map of PNM, an experimental site was selected to conduct field work, which

accommodated in a short spatial range the design requirements: single soil type, a range of slope gradients,

the three main vegetation communities.

Field work comprised rainfall simulation runs with a portable spray-nozzle simulator calibrated for intensity

and raindrop distribution and kinetic energy of simulated rain showers. Each run included: 30min rain over a

square meter plot representing the vegetation community; runoff and washed sediment measurements in

10min steps; vegetation height and cover percentage; below and above ground vegetation biomass; organic

soil horizon thickness; local average slope gradient; soil sampling down to 30cm depth; rock fragment

contents. C content was determined by ignition loss in vegetation components, organic horizon and soil

layers. Prior to runs soil was sampled for moisture content.

Runs, 36 in total, were carried out according to experimental design; 3 vegetation communities (“estevais”,

“giestais”, “urzais”), 3 topographic positions (slope gradient low, 5%; medium, 15%; high, 24%), 3

replicates. A run where vegetation and organic horizon were entirely removed was also carried out on each

one of the vegetation communities and topographic positions. This allowed the assessment of potential

erosional conditions.

Global runoff and soil loss results rank vegetation communities as follows: “estevais” > “urzais” > “giestais”.

Yet, “giestais” showed clearly lower runoff than the other, while “estevais” had clearly higher soil loss than

the other. Average runoff, but not soil loss, increased with slope gradient. Vegetation and topographic effects

on runoff and soil loss are not statistically significant. The general pattern for runoff is found in medium and

high slope; vegetation communities rank differently in low slope (“urzais” > “estevais” > “giestais”). For soil

loss, in medium and high slope the rank is the latter one; in low slope “estevais” lost more soil and “urzais”

less.

Canopy characteristics partly explain results obtained namely the size and distribution of leaves. Local

factors also contribute to explain results, such as: organic horizon (thicker in “estevais” and shallower in

“urzais”; decreasing thickness with slope increase), antecedent soil moisture (higher in “urzais” and lower in

“giestais”) and estimated surface roughness (higher in “giestais” and “urzais”).