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SDMS DocID 457816
EPA Contract No 68-W9-0036 EPA Work Assignment Nol0-1L19
EPA Project Officer Nancy Barmakian EPA Remedial Project Manager Christian Rascher
FINAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
FOR SUPPLEMENTAL REMEDIAL
INVESTIGATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
Pine Street Canal Site Burlington Vermont
September 1990
Prepared by METCALF amp EDDY INC
MampE Project Manager Martha LZirbel
Metcalf ampEddy
TABLE OF CONTENTS -
if
Subject Page
GENERAL INFORMATION 1
SITE HAZARD OVERVIEW 1
SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY 2
HAZARD EVALUATION 4
SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN 7
Personnel and Responsibilities 7 Medical Requirements 7 Training Requirements 8 General Safety Requirements 8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 9 PPE Upgrade Contingency 10 Air Monitoring Equipment 11 Air Monitoring Action Levels 12 Decontamination 13 Work Derived Waste 15 Work Zones 16 Fire Contingency 16 Hazardous Material Release Contingency 18 Onsite Injury Contingency 18
EMERGENCY INFORMATION 20
APPENDIX A - Material Safety Information
APPENDIX B - Site Contaminant Listing
APPENDIX C - MiE First Report of Injury
APPENDIX D - Cold Stress Procedure
APPENDIX E - Site Safety Signature Sheet
METCALF amp EDDY
HEALTH amp SAFETY PLAN
I GENERAL INFORMATI(raquoI
SITE Pine Street Canal
LOCATION Pine Street Burlington Vermont
PREPARED BY Dan Watton DATE 23 Jan 90
REVISED AND APPROVED BY Richard Renzi CIH DATE 10 Aug 90
OBJECTIVES Installation of groundwater wells and soil borings collection of groundwater soil and sediment samples overpacking of waste drums and erection of a security fence
PROPOSED DATE Late Fall 1989
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Complete X Preliminary Incomplete
PURPOSE This document describes measures to protect the health and safety of
Metcalf amp Eddy employees during their activities at the above site
The health and safety of the subcontractors employees is solely the
the responsibility of the subcontractor who shall evaluate the
hazards to his employees and adhere to a site specific health and
safety plan which will at a minimum conform to the requirements of
this document This Health and Safety Plan was prepared to meet the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910120 and the Metcalf amp Eddy Health and
Safety Manual Form Hazardous Waste Projects
II SITE HAZARD OVERVIEW
FACILITY TYPE Inactive Hazardous Waste Site APPARENT HAZARD Medium
WASTE TYPES Contaminated Soil Sediment Surface Water and Groundwater
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS Toxic and Volatile
HAZARD TYPEFORM Sediments Dust Liquid and Vapor
III SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY
The Pine Street Canal Hazardous Waste Site is located in a highly
industrialized area approximately one half mile south of the downtown area of
Burlington Vermont along the shore of Lake Champlain
The site includes the canal a turning basin and surrounding wetlands
including the Maltex Pond The site is believed to cover as much as 80 acres
and be bounded to the east by Pine Street to the west by Lake Champlain to
the south by Lakeside Avenue and to the north by the northern property line
of Ultramar Petroleum
The site has been an Industrial Area for well over a 100 years Past and
present uses of the site include the following
Coal Gasification
Municipal Landfill
Brush Fiber Manufacturing
Helicopter Manufacturing
Saw Mills
Soft Drink Bottling
Chocolate Manufacturing
Boat Manufacturing
Oil Storage
A sewage outfall
Disposal of Construction Debris
The following industrial processes have been documented to have released
andor disposed of waste in the site area
Goal Gasification
Electric Power
Electroplating
Metal Finishing
Asphalting
bull Cooling Towers
bull Fuel Storage
bull Heavy EquipmentTruck Maintenance
Magnesium Casting
The primary contaminants in ground and surface water canal and turning basin
sediments fill and soils have been found to be coal tar residues A coal
gasification plant in production from the turn of the century until 1966 is
believed to have been responsible for the bulk of the coal tar contaminants
discovered in onsite environmental media The coal gasification process was
used primarily to produce gas for heat light and energy
The byproducts of coal gasification include
Tar sludge
Ash and clinkers
Polymers and petroleum sludge
Emulsions and contaminated liquors
Lamp black
Coal fines
Coal gasification plant process wastes including coal tar were routinely
dispoosed of or leaked into low marshy areas around the plant and into the
canal itself Wood chips and iron filings used in scrubber operations were
also commonly disposed of on-site Much of the fill material on the site is
contaminated with coal tar Between 1966 and 1975 a number of oil spills were
detected in Lake Champlain emanating from the Pine Street Canal The oil
spills are believed to have occurred when water levels were higher than normal
and the lighter fractions of the tar residues were washed into the canal
Over 40 organic chemicals have been detected in ground and surface waters
canal and turning basin sediments fill and soils throughout the Pine Street
Canal Site Natural sediments and fill are generally contaminated from a few
inches below the surface to 20 feet throughout most of the site The
concentrations of coal tar associated contaminants the polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were found to be significantly greater than any of the other
detected contaminants
IV HAZARD EVALUATION
The overall hazard to personnel performing activities at the Pine Street Canal
Site is moderate The potential for personnel to be exposed to onsite
contaminants is possible however it is unlikely the Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) will be exceeded This is based
on the present condition of the site and on planned activities by the field
team Site activities covered by this safety plan under the present phase of
work include
Soil borings
Sediment sampling
Groundwater well installations
Groundwater sampling
Drum overpacking
Onsite fence installation
Indicator compounds selected from onsite environmental contamination consist
of
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Coal Tar
Naphthalene
Acetone
Cyanides
The above indicator compounds were selected based on their detected
concentrations onsite the hazard they present to onsite personnel and their
responsiveness to real time air monitoring equipment A hazard summary for
these compounds is provided in Table 1 and material safety information is
provided in Appendix A A list of all known site contaminants is provided in
Appendix B
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
TABLE OF CONTENTS -
if
Subject Page
GENERAL INFORMATION 1
SITE HAZARD OVERVIEW 1
SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY 2
HAZARD EVALUATION 4
SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN 7
Personnel and Responsibilities 7 Medical Requirements 7 Training Requirements 8 General Safety Requirements 8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 9 PPE Upgrade Contingency 10 Air Monitoring Equipment 11 Air Monitoring Action Levels 12 Decontamination 13 Work Derived Waste 15 Work Zones 16 Fire Contingency 16 Hazardous Material Release Contingency 18 Onsite Injury Contingency 18
EMERGENCY INFORMATION 20
APPENDIX A - Material Safety Information
APPENDIX B - Site Contaminant Listing
APPENDIX C - MiE First Report of Injury
APPENDIX D - Cold Stress Procedure
APPENDIX E - Site Safety Signature Sheet
METCALF amp EDDY
HEALTH amp SAFETY PLAN
I GENERAL INFORMATI(raquoI
SITE Pine Street Canal
LOCATION Pine Street Burlington Vermont
PREPARED BY Dan Watton DATE 23 Jan 90
REVISED AND APPROVED BY Richard Renzi CIH DATE 10 Aug 90
OBJECTIVES Installation of groundwater wells and soil borings collection of groundwater soil and sediment samples overpacking of waste drums and erection of a security fence
PROPOSED DATE Late Fall 1989
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Complete X Preliminary Incomplete
PURPOSE This document describes measures to protect the health and safety of
Metcalf amp Eddy employees during their activities at the above site
The health and safety of the subcontractors employees is solely the
the responsibility of the subcontractor who shall evaluate the
hazards to his employees and adhere to a site specific health and
safety plan which will at a minimum conform to the requirements of
this document This Health and Safety Plan was prepared to meet the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910120 and the Metcalf amp Eddy Health and
Safety Manual Form Hazardous Waste Projects
II SITE HAZARD OVERVIEW
FACILITY TYPE Inactive Hazardous Waste Site APPARENT HAZARD Medium
WASTE TYPES Contaminated Soil Sediment Surface Water and Groundwater
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS Toxic and Volatile
HAZARD TYPEFORM Sediments Dust Liquid and Vapor
III SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY
The Pine Street Canal Hazardous Waste Site is located in a highly
industrialized area approximately one half mile south of the downtown area of
Burlington Vermont along the shore of Lake Champlain
The site includes the canal a turning basin and surrounding wetlands
including the Maltex Pond The site is believed to cover as much as 80 acres
and be bounded to the east by Pine Street to the west by Lake Champlain to
the south by Lakeside Avenue and to the north by the northern property line
of Ultramar Petroleum
The site has been an Industrial Area for well over a 100 years Past and
present uses of the site include the following
Coal Gasification
Municipal Landfill
Brush Fiber Manufacturing
Helicopter Manufacturing
Saw Mills
Soft Drink Bottling
Chocolate Manufacturing
Boat Manufacturing
Oil Storage
A sewage outfall
Disposal of Construction Debris
The following industrial processes have been documented to have released
andor disposed of waste in the site area
Goal Gasification
Electric Power
Electroplating
Metal Finishing
Asphalting
bull Cooling Towers
bull Fuel Storage
bull Heavy EquipmentTruck Maintenance
Magnesium Casting
The primary contaminants in ground and surface water canal and turning basin
sediments fill and soils have been found to be coal tar residues A coal
gasification plant in production from the turn of the century until 1966 is
believed to have been responsible for the bulk of the coal tar contaminants
discovered in onsite environmental media The coal gasification process was
used primarily to produce gas for heat light and energy
The byproducts of coal gasification include
Tar sludge
Ash and clinkers
Polymers and petroleum sludge
Emulsions and contaminated liquors
Lamp black
Coal fines
Coal gasification plant process wastes including coal tar were routinely
dispoosed of or leaked into low marshy areas around the plant and into the
canal itself Wood chips and iron filings used in scrubber operations were
also commonly disposed of on-site Much of the fill material on the site is
contaminated with coal tar Between 1966 and 1975 a number of oil spills were
detected in Lake Champlain emanating from the Pine Street Canal The oil
spills are believed to have occurred when water levels were higher than normal
and the lighter fractions of the tar residues were washed into the canal
Over 40 organic chemicals have been detected in ground and surface waters
canal and turning basin sediments fill and soils throughout the Pine Street
Canal Site Natural sediments and fill are generally contaminated from a few
inches below the surface to 20 feet throughout most of the site The
concentrations of coal tar associated contaminants the polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were found to be significantly greater than any of the other
detected contaminants
IV HAZARD EVALUATION
The overall hazard to personnel performing activities at the Pine Street Canal
Site is moderate The potential for personnel to be exposed to onsite
contaminants is possible however it is unlikely the Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) will be exceeded This is based
on the present condition of the site and on planned activities by the field
team Site activities covered by this safety plan under the present phase of
work include
Soil borings
Sediment sampling
Groundwater well installations
Groundwater sampling
Drum overpacking
Onsite fence installation
Indicator compounds selected from onsite environmental contamination consist
of
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Coal Tar
Naphthalene
Acetone
Cyanides
The above indicator compounds were selected based on their detected
concentrations onsite the hazard they present to onsite personnel and their
responsiveness to real time air monitoring equipment A hazard summary for
these compounds is provided in Table 1 and material safety information is
provided in Appendix A A list of all known site contaminants is provided in
Appendix B
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
METCALF amp EDDY
HEALTH amp SAFETY PLAN
I GENERAL INFORMATI(raquoI
SITE Pine Street Canal
LOCATION Pine Street Burlington Vermont
PREPARED BY Dan Watton DATE 23 Jan 90
REVISED AND APPROVED BY Richard Renzi CIH DATE 10 Aug 90
OBJECTIVES Installation of groundwater wells and soil borings collection of groundwater soil and sediment samples overpacking of waste drums and erection of a security fence
PROPOSED DATE Late Fall 1989
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Complete X Preliminary Incomplete
PURPOSE This document describes measures to protect the health and safety of
Metcalf amp Eddy employees during their activities at the above site
The health and safety of the subcontractors employees is solely the
the responsibility of the subcontractor who shall evaluate the
hazards to his employees and adhere to a site specific health and
safety plan which will at a minimum conform to the requirements of
this document This Health and Safety Plan was prepared to meet the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910120 and the Metcalf amp Eddy Health and
Safety Manual Form Hazardous Waste Projects
II SITE HAZARD OVERVIEW
FACILITY TYPE Inactive Hazardous Waste Site APPARENT HAZARD Medium
WASTE TYPES Contaminated Soil Sediment Surface Water and Groundwater
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS Toxic and Volatile
HAZARD TYPEFORM Sediments Dust Liquid and Vapor
III SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY
The Pine Street Canal Hazardous Waste Site is located in a highly
industrialized area approximately one half mile south of the downtown area of
Burlington Vermont along the shore of Lake Champlain
The site includes the canal a turning basin and surrounding wetlands
including the Maltex Pond The site is believed to cover as much as 80 acres
and be bounded to the east by Pine Street to the west by Lake Champlain to
the south by Lakeside Avenue and to the north by the northern property line
of Ultramar Petroleum
The site has been an Industrial Area for well over a 100 years Past and
present uses of the site include the following
Coal Gasification
Municipal Landfill
Brush Fiber Manufacturing
Helicopter Manufacturing
Saw Mills
Soft Drink Bottling
Chocolate Manufacturing
Boat Manufacturing
Oil Storage
A sewage outfall
Disposal of Construction Debris
The following industrial processes have been documented to have released
andor disposed of waste in the site area
Goal Gasification
Electric Power
Electroplating
Metal Finishing
Asphalting
bull Cooling Towers
bull Fuel Storage
bull Heavy EquipmentTruck Maintenance
Magnesium Casting
The primary contaminants in ground and surface water canal and turning basin
sediments fill and soils have been found to be coal tar residues A coal
gasification plant in production from the turn of the century until 1966 is
believed to have been responsible for the bulk of the coal tar contaminants
discovered in onsite environmental media The coal gasification process was
used primarily to produce gas for heat light and energy
The byproducts of coal gasification include
Tar sludge
Ash and clinkers
Polymers and petroleum sludge
Emulsions and contaminated liquors
Lamp black
Coal fines
Coal gasification plant process wastes including coal tar were routinely
dispoosed of or leaked into low marshy areas around the plant and into the
canal itself Wood chips and iron filings used in scrubber operations were
also commonly disposed of on-site Much of the fill material on the site is
contaminated with coal tar Between 1966 and 1975 a number of oil spills were
detected in Lake Champlain emanating from the Pine Street Canal The oil
spills are believed to have occurred when water levels were higher than normal
and the lighter fractions of the tar residues were washed into the canal
Over 40 organic chemicals have been detected in ground and surface waters
canal and turning basin sediments fill and soils throughout the Pine Street
Canal Site Natural sediments and fill are generally contaminated from a few
inches below the surface to 20 feet throughout most of the site The
concentrations of coal tar associated contaminants the polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were found to be significantly greater than any of the other
detected contaminants
IV HAZARD EVALUATION
The overall hazard to personnel performing activities at the Pine Street Canal
Site is moderate The potential for personnel to be exposed to onsite
contaminants is possible however it is unlikely the Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) will be exceeded This is based
on the present condition of the site and on planned activities by the field
team Site activities covered by this safety plan under the present phase of
work include
Soil borings
Sediment sampling
Groundwater well installations
Groundwater sampling
Drum overpacking
Onsite fence installation
Indicator compounds selected from onsite environmental contamination consist
of
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Coal Tar
Naphthalene
Acetone
Cyanides
The above indicator compounds were selected based on their detected
concentrations onsite the hazard they present to onsite personnel and their
responsiveness to real time air monitoring equipment A hazard summary for
these compounds is provided in Table 1 and material safety information is
provided in Appendix A A list of all known site contaminants is provided in
Appendix B
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
III SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY
The Pine Street Canal Hazardous Waste Site is located in a highly
industrialized area approximately one half mile south of the downtown area of
Burlington Vermont along the shore of Lake Champlain
The site includes the canal a turning basin and surrounding wetlands
including the Maltex Pond The site is believed to cover as much as 80 acres
and be bounded to the east by Pine Street to the west by Lake Champlain to
the south by Lakeside Avenue and to the north by the northern property line
of Ultramar Petroleum
The site has been an Industrial Area for well over a 100 years Past and
present uses of the site include the following
Coal Gasification
Municipal Landfill
Brush Fiber Manufacturing
Helicopter Manufacturing
Saw Mills
Soft Drink Bottling
Chocolate Manufacturing
Boat Manufacturing
Oil Storage
A sewage outfall
Disposal of Construction Debris
The following industrial processes have been documented to have released
andor disposed of waste in the site area
Goal Gasification
Electric Power
Electroplating
Metal Finishing
Asphalting
bull Cooling Towers
bull Fuel Storage
bull Heavy EquipmentTruck Maintenance
Magnesium Casting
The primary contaminants in ground and surface water canal and turning basin
sediments fill and soils have been found to be coal tar residues A coal
gasification plant in production from the turn of the century until 1966 is
believed to have been responsible for the bulk of the coal tar contaminants
discovered in onsite environmental media The coal gasification process was
used primarily to produce gas for heat light and energy
The byproducts of coal gasification include
Tar sludge
Ash and clinkers
Polymers and petroleum sludge
Emulsions and contaminated liquors
Lamp black
Coal fines
Coal gasification plant process wastes including coal tar were routinely
dispoosed of or leaked into low marshy areas around the plant and into the
canal itself Wood chips and iron filings used in scrubber operations were
also commonly disposed of on-site Much of the fill material on the site is
contaminated with coal tar Between 1966 and 1975 a number of oil spills were
detected in Lake Champlain emanating from the Pine Street Canal The oil
spills are believed to have occurred when water levels were higher than normal
and the lighter fractions of the tar residues were washed into the canal
Over 40 organic chemicals have been detected in ground and surface waters
canal and turning basin sediments fill and soils throughout the Pine Street
Canal Site Natural sediments and fill are generally contaminated from a few
inches below the surface to 20 feet throughout most of the site The
concentrations of coal tar associated contaminants the polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were found to be significantly greater than any of the other
detected contaminants
IV HAZARD EVALUATION
The overall hazard to personnel performing activities at the Pine Street Canal
Site is moderate The potential for personnel to be exposed to onsite
contaminants is possible however it is unlikely the Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) will be exceeded This is based
on the present condition of the site and on planned activities by the field
team Site activities covered by this safety plan under the present phase of
work include
Soil borings
Sediment sampling
Groundwater well installations
Groundwater sampling
Drum overpacking
Onsite fence installation
Indicator compounds selected from onsite environmental contamination consist
of
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Coal Tar
Naphthalene
Acetone
Cyanides
The above indicator compounds were selected based on their detected
concentrations onsite the hazard they present to onsite personnel and their
responsiveness to real time air monitoring equipment A hazard summary for
these compounds is provided in Table 1 and material safety information is
provided in Appendix A A list of all known site contaminants is provided in
Appendix B
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
bull Cooling Towers
bull Fuel Storage
bull Heavy EquipmentTruck Maintenance
Magnesium Casting
The primary contaminants in ground and surface water canal and turning basin
sediments fill and soils have been found to be coal tar residues A coal
gasification plant in production from the turn of the century until 1966 is
believed to have been responsible for the bulk of the coal tar contaminants
discovered in onsite environmental media The coal gasification process was
used primarily to produce gas for heat light and energy
The byproducts of coal gasification include
Tar sludge
Ash and clinkers
Polymers and petroleum sludge
Emulsions and contaminated liquors
Lamp black
Coal fines
Coal gasification plant process wastes including coal tar were routinely
dispoosed of or leaked into low marshy areas around the plant and into the
canal itself Wood chips and iron filings used in scrubber operations were
also commonly disposed of on-site Much of the fill material on the site is
contaminated with coal tar Between 1966 and 1975 a number of oil spills were
detected in Lake Champlain emanating from the Pine Street Canal The oil
spills are believed to have occurred when water levels were higher than normal
and the lighter fractions of the tar residues were washed into the canal
Over 40 organic chemicals have been detected in ground and surface waters
canal and turning basin sediments fill and soils throughout the Pine Street
Canal Site Natural sediments and fill are generally contaminated from a few
inches below the surface to 20 feet throughout most of the site The
concentrations of coal tar associated contaminants the polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were found to be significantly greater than any of the other
detected contaminants
IV HAZARD EVALUATION
The overall hazard to personnel performing activities at the Pine Street Canal
Site is moderate The potential for personnel to be exposed to onsite
contaminants is possible however it is unlikely the Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) will be exceeded This is based
on the present condition of the site and on planned activities by the field
team Site activities covered by this safety plan under the present phase of
work include
Soil borings
Sediment sampling
Groundwater well installations
Groundwater sampling
Drum overpacking
Onsite fence installation
Indicator compounds selected from onsite environmental contamination consist
of
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Coal Tar
Naphthalene
Acetone
Cyanides
The above indicator compounds were selected based on their detected
concentrations onsite the hazard they present to onsite personnel and their
responsiveness to real time air monitoring equipment A hazard summary for
these compounds is provided in Table 1 and material safety information is
provided in Appendix A A list of all known site contaminants is provided in
Appendix B
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
IV HAZARD EVALUATION
The overall hazard to personnel performing activities at the Pine Street Canal
Site is moderate The potential for personnel to be exposed to onsite
contaminants is possible however it is unlikely the Permissible Exposure
Levels (PEL) or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) will be exceeded This is based
on the present condition of the site and on planned activities by the field
team Site activities covered by this safety plan under the present phase of
work include
Soil borings
Sediment sampling
Groundwater well installations
Groundwater sampling
Drum overpacking
Onsite fence installation
Indicator compounds selected from onsite environmental contamination consist
of
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Coal Tar
Naphthalene
Acetone
Cyanides
The above indicator compounds were selected based on their detected
concentrations onsite the hazard they present to onsite personnel and their
responsiveness to real time air monitoring equipment A hazard summary for
these compounds is provided in Table 1 and material safety information is
provided in Appendix A A list of all known site contaminants is provided in
Appendix B
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
TABLE 1 PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR C(MffOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Benzene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Ethylbenzene Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Toluene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Xylene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion m Contact
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause irritation to eyes nose and respirshyatory system headache nausea fatigue and abdominal pain resulting in damage to blood central nervous system skin bone marrow eyes and respiratory system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 1 ppm STEL = 5 ppm [OSHA regulated carcinogen] ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 10 PPM [ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation dermatitis headache narcosis and coma resulting in damage to eyes upper respiratory system skin and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 125 ppm
Can cause fatigue weakness confusion dizziness headache insomnia and dermatitis resulting in damage to the central nervous system liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 100 ppm STEL 150 ppm
Can cause dizziness drowsiness nausea vomiting dermatitis and irritation to eyes nose and throat resulting in damage to central nervous system eyes gastro-intestinal tract blood liver kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 100 ppm STEL = 150 ppm
m
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
TABLE 1 (Continued) PRIMARY CHEMICAL HAZARDS OF INDICATOR COMPOUNDS
Routes of Compound Exposure
Coal Tar Inhalation Contact
Naphthalene Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Contact
Acetone Inhalation Ingestion Contact
Cyanides
Symptoms amp Target Organs
Can cause dermatitis and bronchitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system bladder kidneys and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 02 mgm-ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 02 mgmshy[ACGIH confirmed human carcinogen]
Can cause eye irritation confusion excitement malaise nausea vomiting abdominal pain bladder irritation profuse sweating jaundice hematuria hemorrhage renal shutdown dermatitis resulting in damage to the eyes blood liver kidneys skin red blood cells and central nervous system OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA 10 ppm STEL = 15 ppm
Can cause eye nose and throat irritation headaches dizziness dermatitis resulting in damage to the respiratory system and skin OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 750 ppm STEL = 1000
Can cause asphyxia and death weakness headache confusion nausea vomiting incoordinated breathing slow gasping respiration and eye and skin irritation resulting in damage to the cardiovascular system central nervous system liver kidneys and skin tissue OSHA PEL 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3 ACGIH TLV 8 HR TWA = 5 mgm3
Additional hazards to personnel performing ecological quality studies on this
site include physical injury from site debris and possible cold stress during
the final stages of the operation
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
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4
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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
V SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN
51 PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Martha Zirbel Project Manager
Richard Renzi CIH Corporate Safety
Dan Watton NE Region Safety
Patrick Gwinn Site Safety Jack McKenna
m
52 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
Coordinate all aspects of the project to assure a safe and successful completion
Review field operations site specific hazards and approve the site safety plan for corporate and regulatory compliance
Review field operations site specific hazards and prepare the site safety plan in accordance with corporate and regulatory requirements
Perform duties as site safety officer for MampE field activities at the Pine Street Site and enforce the requirements of the safety plan
4 All M4E personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental
investigation activities on the Pine Street Canal site shall participate in a
medical occupational health monitoring program as required by 29 CFR
1910120(f) Specific medical requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE
Health amp Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition to medical
monitoring at least one member of the field team shall be Red Cross certified
in First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) The First AidCPR
qualified team member shall be present onsite during all field operations
m
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
53 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
All boring excavation heavy equipment operation and general construction
activities shall be performed while in compliance with 29 CFR 1926 All MampE
personnel and MampE subcontractors performing environmental investigation
activities on the Pine Street Canal Site shall have received health and safety
training as required by 29 CFR 1910120(e) prior to working onsite Specific
training requirements for MampE are outlined in the MampE Health amp Safety Manual
for Hazardous Waste Projects In addition field personnel shall participate
in a tail gate safety meeting prior to each days activities to discuss
upcoming operations and safety requirements
54 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All persons involved in this project shall read and sign this safety plan
prior to entering andor working on the Pine Street Canal site The master
copy (with signature sheet) of this safety plan will be held by the designated
onsite safety officer A signature sheet is provided in Appendix D of this
plan
No project personnel may be allowed on-site without the prior knowledge and
consent of the designated site safety officer and project manager
There will be no activities conducted on-site without sufficient backup
personnel At a minimum two persons must be present during on-site
investigation activities Visual voice or radio communication will be m
maintained at all times
bull There will be no eating drinking application of cosmetics or smoking on the
site except in designated clean areas
Project personnel shall bring to the attention of the designated site safety
^ officer any unsafe condition or practice associated with onsite project
related activities
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
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SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
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4
4
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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
All project personnel who are likely to wear air purifying or air supplied
respirators must first meet the training and medical requirements of
29 CFR 1910120 and 29 CFR 1910134
No contact lenses may be worn within the sites hot zones as described in
Section 511
Aerial obstructions such as power lines and tree branches will preclude
erection of drill rig masts A 20-foot horizontal clearance shall be
maintained
Verification of buried cables pipes and power line locations will proceed
drilling and test pit excavation
All accidents andor injuries shall be immediately reported to the site safety
officer If necessary a first report of injury (see Appendix C) will be
initiated by the site safety officer and provided to the NE Region Safety
Officer for processing
55 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
551 Level D PPE
Site visits site surveys and any other site activity which does not require
handling or contact with contaminated soil sediment or liquids and is not in
an area where field activities are being conducted shall be performed in
Level D PPE as follows
Hard hat
Safety glasses with side shields
Routine work clothing
Steel toesteel shank safety boots
Booties
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
552 Modified Level D PPE
Drilling activities on-site fence erection drum overpacking and any other
activities which require handling onsite environmental media or involved
potential contact with onsite contaminants shall be performed in Modified
Level D as follows
Hard hat
Safety goggles
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
553 Level C PPE
During any onsite operation in which any level of benzene or cyanogen chloride
is detected or gt 5 ppm of total organic vapor is detected or whenever dust
levels exceed 1 mgm- above normal breathing zone backgrounds personnel shall
upgrade to Level C PPE as follows
Hard hat
Disposable Tyvek coveralls over routine work clothes (taped at the extremities)
Nitrile gloves over disposable vinyl gloves
Neoprene steel toesteel shank safety boots
Full face air purifying respirator equipped with toxic particulate organic vapor filter cartridges
56 PPE UPGRADE CONTINGENCY
During all field work activities a contingency for upgrading to Level C will
be provided The action level for upgrading to Level C PPE will be based upon
10
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer
consistent detection gt_ 1 minute) of 2 5 PPM total organics 2 1 mgm^ total
dust or any detection of benzene or cyanogen chloride Work will cease
whenever total organic vapors meet or exceed 25 PPM the cyanogen chloride
concentration meets or exceeds 5 ppm lower explosive levels meet or exceed
101 total dust levels meet or exceed 10 mgm^ or whenever oxygen levels are
less than 195J or greater than 22S
57 AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
During all onsite activities the site safety officer shall monitor the
ambient air in the breathing zone at a minimum every fifteen (15) minutes for
total organic vapors and continuously for combustible gases and dust During
drilling activities in the area between the former coal gasification plant and
Pine Street Canal the site safety officer will also monitor the breathing
zone for cyanogen chloride Ambient air monitoring shall be performed with
the following real time monitoring equipment
PID A portable Photo-Ionization Device (PID) equipped with a 102 electron volt lamp used to detect organic vapors
bull CGI A portable combination Combustible GasOxygen Detector used to detect Lower Explosive Limits and Oxygen Levels
bull DRAEGERPUMP
A portable hand operated bellows type pump used to draw a specific volume of air through a colormetric reagent
tube Will have specific tubes to detect benzene and cyanogen chloride
DIGITALDUST
A portable dust indicator used to measure dust levels down to 1 vgm^
INDICATOR
Note All monitoringsurveillance equipment will be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual and the MampE QAPP Equipment shall be field calibrated at a minimum at the start and end of each day and whenever operation is in question
11
58 AIR MONITORING ACTION LEVELS
Minimum Monitoring MonitoringInstrument Frequency
PID 15 minutes
DP with 15 minutesCyanogen Chloride Draeger Tube
CGI Continuous
DDM Continuous
Detected Concentration
2 1 ppm 2 1 minute benzene Draeger tube upgrade to Level C
2 5 ppm 2 1 minute (No Benzene)
2 25 ppm
gt0 ppm
2 5 ppm
2 0 ^^^_lt 195^ or 2 22^ of O2
2 ^ mgm- 2 1 minute
2 10 mgm- 2 1 minute
Site Action
Monitor breathing zone with If any levels are detected
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
If any levels are detected upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Upgrade to Level C
Evacuate site Contact Regional Safety Coordinator to obtain further instructions
Note Monitoring for cyanogen chloride will occur at any boring taking place between the former coal gasification plant and the Pine Street Canal (BO-24 -25 -26 -27 and -28 as seen in the Final Field Sampling Plan)
12
59 DEC(XITAMINATION
It is not expected that personnel or equipment performing investigative
activities on this site will become contaminated to concentrations considered
hazardous
However to ensure that potential contaminants are not carried offsite the
following decontamination procedures shall be implemented
591 Personnel Decontamination
Personnel decontamination for modified Level D and Level C shall consist of
contamination prevention by using disposable PPE personal hygiene and
personal decontamination before exiting the site and before work rest
periods Personnel decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Boots will be scrubbed with a waterindustrial soap solution in a boot wash basin with a long handle brush followed by a potable water rinse
2 Remove outer gloves and place in plastic trash bag
3 Remove hard hat goggles and hearing protection Wash with clean soapy water and rinse
4 Disposable personnel protective clothing will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag
5 If respirators are used they should be wiped with a damp paper towel before removing from the face These respirators will be washed in MSA sanitizing solution rinsed with potable water and air dried daily
6 Remove inner gloves and place in plastic trash bag
7 Hands face and any other potentially contaminated area will be thoroughly washed with a watermild soap solution rinsed and dried with paper towels
8 Individuals shall shower soon after completing each days work
13
Personnel decontamination for Level D shall consist of removing booties
washing hands and face before leaving the site
The personnel decontamination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle stiff bristle scrubbrush 2 each 20 gallon galvanized boot wash basin 2 each Plastic sheeting (6x30 roll) 1 each Portable field table 1 each Plastic wash bowls 2 each Mild Soap (16 oz) 1 each Industrial soap powder (1 pound) 1 each Trash barrel (60 quart) 2 each Plastic trash bags (60 quart) 30 each Paper towels (100roll) 10 each Water supply 1 each First Aid Kit 1 each Portable eye wash 1 each Portable shower station or garden hose attached to potable water supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each Portable Air Horn 1 each
592 Equipment Decontamination
All equipment which comes into direct contact with potentially contaminated
soil surface water or groundwater shall be decontaminated before being taken
offsite Equipment decontamination procedures will consist of the following
1 Physically remove packed dirt grit mud and debris with a wire or stiff bristle long handle brush
2 Steam clean
3 Allow to drip and air dry onsite
4 Scan equipment with PID to assure absence of volatile vapors
5 Repeat steps 1 through 5 if organic vapors are detected
6 Tar waste resistant to the above procedure should be removed using hexane followed by methanol and dionized organic free water rinses
14
The equipment decontaimination station will at a minimum consist of the
following components
Steam cleaner 1 each Hand pressurized portable water sprayer 1 each Long handle wire or stiff bristle brush 2 each 5 gallon galvanized metal bucket 2 each Industrial soap powder (5 pound) 1 each Potable water supply 1 each Fixed or portable electrical supply 1 each Class ABC fire extinguisher (5 pound) 1 each
510 WORK DERIVED WASTE
Work derived waste will consist of general trash disposable PPE well
development and purge water decontamination rinse water and excess sample
media These wastes will be handled as described below
5101 Solid Waste
All solid waste such as general trash will be handled and disposed of as nonshy
hazardous municipal waste
5102 Liquid Waste
All liquid waste such as decontamination rinse water steam cleaning water
well development water and well sampling purge water will be containerized
for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
5103 Cuttings From Borings and Wells
Cuttings from boring and well installations shall be packed in DOT approved
drums for later testing and disposal by an EPA approved subcontractor
15
5103 Excess Sample Media
All excess sample media will be returned to the location from which it was
collected or disposed of by the analytical laboratory
5104 Disposable Personal Protective Equipment
Disposable coveralls gloves and similar materials shall be packed in trash
bags deposited in DOT approved drums for later disposal by an EPA approved
subcontractor
511 WORK ZONES
Site specific work zones shall be established as shown in Figure 51 prior to
initiating field operations These site specific zones shall consist of an
exclusion zone hot zone a contamination reduction zone decon zone and a
support zone clean zone The hot zone will be the area where
contamination is suspected and where investigation activities will be
performed The decon zone will be where personnel and equipment
decontamination activities are performed and the clean zone will be the
area to stage clean equipment take work breaks and provide administrative
support activities The decon zone and clean zone to be used by Metcalf amp
Eddy were previously established by a US EPA Contractor
512 FIRE CONTINGENCY
In the event of a fire attempt to extinguish it with a Class ABC fire
extinguisher if safe to do so If the fire appears to be growing out of
control perform the following steps
bull Pull site horn warning alarm
bull Egress field team to the site entrance
bull Verify all present
16
SOURCE PEER CONSULTANTS MAY 1990
nGURE 5-1 PINE STREET CANAL WORK ZONES
I E T C raquo L F n E O O Y 17
Notify the Burlington Fire Department
Remove vehicles if safely possible
Remove flammable field solvents if safely possible
Await fire fighting forces
Contact the Project Manager and the NE Safety Officer once the Fire Department is in control of the situation
513 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE C(raquoITINGENCY
In the event a hazardous material release occurs during site investigation
activities attempt to control divert absorb neutralize or secure the
source if direct contact or inhalation hazards are not present If direct
contact or inhalation hazards are present do not attempt any remedial
measures All hazardous material release incidents shall be reported to the
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) Hazardous material cleanup
requests shall be made to an EPA approved contractor The following
information would be helpful during a notification
Chemicaloil name or DOT ID number
Chemicaloil hazard class
Cause of release
Quantityconcentration of the release
Potential for fire
Potential for site releaseabutter evaluation
Injuries caused by release
Actions taken
514 ONSITE INJURY CONTINGENCY
In the event of an injury the victim should be stabilized and provided onsite
first aid in the clean zone If an injury involves a potential trauma to
the spinal cord the victim shall remain where injured if safely possible
and be moved by trained emergency medical technicians only Minor injuries
such as small lacerations cuts and strains shall be initially treated onsite
18
by the first aid qualified member of the field team Ambulance and hospital
support shall be provided for all major injuries such as head wounds broken
bones and deep lacerations Should an injury involve a contaminant exposure
and there is no potential spinal cord trauma perform the following
procedures
Escort victim to the decontamination station
Remove all contaminated clothing
Wash exposed body areas with a potable water flush (10 minutes)
Cover with blanket or (if injury is not serious) dress victim in clean clothing
Transport victim to hospital if necessary
19
V I EMERGENCY INFORMATION
Qnergency Resources
Telephone Numbers Resource
Burlington Police Department Burlington Fire Department Burlington Ambulance Medical Center Hospital Public Works Department Spill Notification Emergency Spill Cleanup (Zecco Inc) US Coast Guard
Project Contacts
Contact
Emergency
911 911 911 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-641-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Telephone
bull Mr R Renzi (MampE Corporate Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Mr D Watton (MampE NE Safety) (617)246-5200
bull Ms M Zirbel (MampE Project Manager) (617)246-5200
Hospital
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (See Figure 61) 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington Vermont 05401
Non Emergency
658-2700 864-4553 864-4551 864-0454 863-9094 (800)-64l-5005 (508)-393-2537 864-6791
Extension
4450
4043
4198
Emergency resources have been contacted and are capable in responding to site emergencies
20
Medical Center Hospital Of Vermont
Howard Street
Pine Street Canal SHe Entrance ^ mdash EB Whiting
Locust street
rNote Distance to Hospital from Site is Approximately (2) Miles
Lakeside Ave
FIGURE 6-1 ROUTE TO HOSPITAL
21
l E T C A L F a E D O Y
APPENDIX A
Material Safety information for
Site Indicator Compounds
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Benzene Ethyl Benzene Toluene Xylene (Mixed Isomers) Naphthalene Acetone
US EPA INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS)
Chlorine Cyanide
NIOSHOSHA OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDELINES
Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Cyanide
No 316 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection BENZENE
Genium Publishing Corporation (Revision D) 1145 Catalyn Street Issued November 1978 Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Revised April 1988 (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 25 Material Name BENZENE
Description (OriginUses) Used in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals dyes linoleum airplane dopes varnishes and lacquers and as a solvent for waxes resins and oils
HMIS Other Designations Benzol Phene PhenylhydrideCH NIOSH ^7poundC5 No CY 1400000 H 2 CAS No 0071^3-2 F 3 R 1
R 0 I 4Manufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers PPG S 2
bullSee sect 8 K 4
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS CalOO OSHA PEL
8-Hr TWA 1 ppm 15-Min Ceiling 5 ppm Action Level 05 ppm
Benzene CAS No 0071-43-2
ACGIH TLV 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 30 mgm
Toxicity Data Human Inhalation LC^ 2000 ppm5 Min
bullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic Human Oral TDL 130 mgkg
tumorigcnic and reproductive effects Human Inhalation TCj^ 210 ppm
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 176T(80C) Water Solubility () Slight
Melting Point 42T(55C) Volatile by Volume 100
Vapor Pressure 75 Torrs at 68T (20C) Molecular Weigiit 78 GramsMole Vapor Density (Air = 1) gt1 Specific Gravity (H^O = 1) 087865 at 68degF (20C)
Appearance and Odor A colorless liquid characteristic aromatic odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
1 2 T ( - l l r C ) C C 928F (498C) by Volume 3 71
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam or carbon dioxide to put out benzene fires Water may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent because it can scatter and spread the fire Use water to cool fire-exposed containers flush spills away from exposures disperse benzene vapor and protect personnel attempting to stop an unignited benzene leak Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Benzene vapor is heavier than air and can collect in low-lying areas such as sumps or wells Eliminate all sources of ignition there to prevent a dangerous flashback to the original liquid benzene Danger Explosive and flammable benzene vapor-air mixtures can easily form at room temperature always use this material in a way that minimizes dispersion of its vapor into general work areas Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Benzene is stable in closed containers during routine operations It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibili t ies Hazardous chemical reactions involving tgtenzene and the following materials are reported in Genium reference 84 bromine pentafluoride chlorine chlorine trifluoride chromic anhydride nitryl perchlorate oxygen ozone perchlorates perchloryl fluoride and aluminum chloride permanganates and sulfuric acid potassium peroxide silver perchlorate and sodium peroxide
Conditions to Avoid Avoid all exposure to sources of ignition and to incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) may be produced during benzene fires
Copyri(hl O 1988 Geniuni Publishing Coipcntioa Any commerciil use or reproduction without the publisher permission is prohibited
No 316 BENZENE 488
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Benzene is listed as a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH Summary of Risks Ftolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache weakness loss of appetite and lassitude Continued exposure can cause collapse bronchitis and pneumonia The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia) bone marrow effects and injuries to the blood-forming tissue firom chronic low-level exposure Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Ailments ofthe heart lungs liver kidneys blood and central nervous system (CNS) may be worsened by exposure Administer preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing these oigans functions and reassign workers who test positive Target Organs Blood CNS bone marrow eyes and upper respiratoiy tract (URT) Primary Entry Skin contact inhalation Acute Effects Dizziness mental dullness nausea headache fatigue and giddiness Chronic Effects Possible cancer (leukemia) FIRST AID Eyes Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes Skin Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove the exposed person to fresh air restore andor support his or her breathing as needed Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Do not induce vomiting because of the possibility of aspiration
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further t reatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all sources of ignition immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact with and inhalation of vapor (see sect 8) Contain large spills and collect waste or absorb it with an inert material such as sand earth or vermiculite Use nonsparking tools to place waste liquid or absorbent into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations for disposal Follow Federal state and local regulations OSHA Designations Air ConUminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U019 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 1000 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Where splashing is possible wear a full face shield Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines in 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Follow the respirator guidelines in 29 CFR 1910134 For emergency or nonroutine use (eg cleaning reactor vessels or storage tanks) wear an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc to prevent any possibility of skin contact with this suspected human carcinogen Ventilation Install and operate general and local ventilation systems powerful enough to maintain airborne levels of benzene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2
Safety Stations Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in use and handling areas Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove contaminated clothindeg and launder it before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipmenL Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using this material Keep it off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring it from your hands to your mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not eat drink or smoke in any work area Do not inhale benzene vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS StorageSegregation Store benzene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage Electrically ground and bond all metal containers used in shipping or transferring operations Follow all parts of 29 CFR 19101028 Engineering Controls All engineering systems (production transportation etc) must be of maximum explosion-proof design (nonshysparking electrically grounded and bonded etc) Comments If possible substitute less toxic solvents for benzene use this material with extreme caution and only if it is absolutely essential
Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Benzene DOT Label Flammable Liquid IMO Label Flammable Liquid DOT Class Flammable Liquid O O T I D No UN1114 IMO Class 32
References 12127384-94100103
Judgmenti as to Ute luilability of infomulion hereio for puichasert purposes are Prepared by PJ Igoe BS necessarily purchasers respoosibility Therefore although reasonable care has been takes in the preparation of such ioformatioo Genium Pubhshing Corp Industtrial Hygiene Review DJ Wilson CIH extends no wairanuei makes no representations and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such infortn^ioa for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use 17 Medical Review MJ Hardies MD
Copyri|bl C 1988 Gemom Publishing Corpontion Any commefcisl use or reproductioa without the publisherl pcnmissioo is probibited
385 No
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ETHYL BENZENE
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION 1145 CATALYN STREET
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP Date August 1978
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
MATERIAL NAME ETHYL BENZENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Phenylethane Ethylbenzol C2H5C5H5 CAS 000 100 414 MANUFACTURER Available from several suppliers ei
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Ethyl Benzene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm
Current OSHA pennissable exposure level A Standard Human inhalation was proposed by OSHA in October 1975 which includes TCLo 100 ppm for an action level of 50 ppm and detailed requirements 8 hr (irritation) of monitoring medical surveillance employee trainshy Rat Oral LD50 ing etc when exposure exceeds 50 ppm It has not 3500 mgkg yet issued as a legal requirement
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point at 1 atm deg C mdash 136 Specific gravity 204C 0867 Vapor pressure at 259 C nmi Hg - 10 Volatiles ca 100 Vapor density (Air=l) 366 Evaporation rate (BuAc=l) lt1 Water solubility at 20 C Wt - 0015 Melting point deg C -95
Molecular weight 10616
Appearance amp Odor Clear colorless liquid with an aromatic hydrocarbon odor
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method AutolgnltIon Temp Flaimnabilitv Limits In Air 59 F (15 C) (closed cup] 810 F (432 C) Volume 10 67 Extinguishing media Carbon dioxide dry chemical or alcohol foam A water spray may be ineffective to put out fire but may be used to cool fire-exposed container A stream of water can spread fire of burning liquid
This is a flammable liquid (OSHA Class IB) which can readily form explosive mixtures with air especially when heated Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to reach distant ignition sources and then flash back Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and eye protection to fight fires in enclosed places
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in storage in closed containers at room temperature It does not polymerize
This flammable material should be kept separated from oxidizing agents strong acids and bases and ammonia Thermal-oxidative degradation can produce toxic products including carbon monoxide
Copyright copy I9M Genliun PufclUUilaquo Corporation Any commercial use without publlsfacrs specific pcrviission is prohibited GENIUM PUBLISHING
385 No SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm
Excessive exposure to vapors will irritate the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract Sustained high levels can produce headache depression of the central nervous system narcosis and coma
Liquid contact is irritating to the eyes and irritation and defatting to the skin leading to dermatitis on prolonged or repeated exposures Ingestion may lead to aspiration of liquid into the lungs small amoimts of aspirated ethyl benzene cause extensive edema and hemorrhage of lung tissue FIRST AID
Eye contact Wash eyes well with plenty of running water Get medical help if
irritation persists
Skin contact Wash exposed areas of skin Promptly remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if necessary Get
medical help for serious exposure
Ingestion Get prompt medical help (The danger of aspirating ethyl benzene into
the limgs indicates medical direction before inducing vomiting)
SECTION VII SPILLgt LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Personnel involved in leak or spill control and clean-up must use protective equipshyment to avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with liquid Eliminate ignition sources Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation
Pick-up spilled material for recovery or disposal Absorb with sand etc for disshyposal in a sanitary landfill or with paper towels or cloths for burning Water can be used to flush liquid away from sensitive areas to special catch basins or ground but not to sewer or surface water
DISPOSAL Scrap material can be burned in approved incinerators in accordance with Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide expolosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requireshy
ments Approved respirators imast be available for non-routine or emergency use A full face respirator with organic vapor cartridge can be used up to 1000 ppm a gas mask with organic vapor canister can be used up to 5000 ppm- a self-contained respirator is needed for high and unknown concentrations of vapor
Use impervious gloves and clothing and a face shield to prevent repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid Where splashing is possible chemical goggles should be used Clothing contaminated with ethyl benzene should be promptly removed and not reused until free of the contaminant
Exposures above the action level liquid contact or working where fire and explosion hazards exist may require instituting employee training medical surveillance vapor concentration monitoring record keeping etc when the proposed standard issues
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Store this material in tightly closed containers in cool well-ventilated areas away from oxidizing agents heat and sources of Ignition Use non-sparking tools around this material Containers imist be electrically bonded and grounded for transfers of liquid Use safety cans for small amounts No Smoking I where this material is stored or used
Screen workers for history of kidney liver skin and lung problems which could give increased sensitivity and risk in ethyl benzene exposure
Avoid breathing of vapors and contact with liquid Do not ingest Chronic propershyties are not fully known use with care
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 2-9 11 12
Judgmanti M to tha sutabMy of rWormation hlaquorlaquon kv ^jrchaMr i ptxpoM t n necttsaarity puntWMrt fMponiAMy Ttlaquoritor MTough fMwnabI c v laquo ha| baan UMn n tha p rKwa ion ol kjch ntormtton Ganunri Pubfeahing Corporation axtanda no warranMa makai no fapraaaritaioT and bullaaumaa no raapormMty a to thraquo a i r m c y or tulaquoabriy d auch tntormaiion tor appltcabor^ to purshychaaari rtandad purpoaaa or tor conaaouancM o( M uaa
APPROVALS cRD ^ V - 4 Industrial Hygiene
and Safety A t ^ Corporate Med
Staff I f^WiiL^) GENIVM PUBUSHINO
NO 317
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA
(518)377-8855 GENIUM PUBUSHING CORP
TOLU
Date
Rev
ENE
isio C
August 1979
n
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION [MATERIAL NAME TOLUENE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Toluol Methylbenzene Phenylnethane CHiCltHc GE Material D5B11
ASTM D362 and D841 CAS ODD 108 883 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers Including Shell Chemical Co and
Sun Oil Co
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Toluene ca 100 8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skifi) or 375 mgm^
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm
ACGIH (1978) (skin) notation indicates a potential conshy (central nervous syst tribution to overall exposure via skin absorption OSHA NIOSH (1976) proposed an 8-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 15 Rat Inhalation
LCLo 4000 ppm4 hr minute celling of 200 ppm and an action level of 50 ppm Current OSHA TLV is 200 ppm
Rat oral LD5Q 5000 mgkg
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling point 1 atm deg F (C) 231 (1106) Specific gravity (Water-1) ~ 0866 Vapor pressure 25 C nm Hg 28 Volatiles Z 100 Vapor density (Alr-1) 32 Evaporation rate (BuAc-1) mdash 19 Solubility in water Z 005 Molecular weight 9215
Appearance amp Odor Water white liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor whose recognishytion threshold (unfatigued) Is 2-5 ppm (lOOZ of test panel) Odor detection is unshysatisfactory for safety because of fatigue
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
40 F (44 C) Closed cup (536 C) 997 F Z bY volume Jui Extinguishing Media Carbon dioxide dry chemical foam and water fog Water may be inshyeffective for putting out fire but use spray to cool tire-exposed containers
At room temperature toluene emits vapors that can form flanmable mixtures with air It Is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant Ignition sources then flash back
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and eye protection when fightshying toluene fires
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
Toluene is a stable material under normal storage and handling It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Since toluene is a flammable liquid avoid contact with heat sparks or open flames Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents Nitric acid and toluene especially In combination with sulfuric acid will produce nitrated compounds which are dangerously explosive
Oxidation in air can form oxides of carbon and nitrogen
Copyilihl copy 19M Coriom rablkU^ CarporaUoa Any connicrrinl use witboot putalWMri tptdfic pemlMloa li pnUMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 317
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm (skin) (See SectII) IVapor inhalation can produce headache and slight drowsiness at 100 ppm fatigue nausea and itching skin at 100-200 ppm anesthetic effects and respiratory tract and eye irshyritation above 200 ppm Absorption can occur through the skin and liquid contact will cause defatting of the skin with possible dermatitis from repeated or prolonget contact Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging (corneal bums) Ingestion irritates the digestive tract and results in systemic effects from absorption
FIRST AID Eye Coritact Immediately irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical help Skin Contact Wash area with soap amp water remove contaminated clothing promptly Get medical help If irritation persists or if large areas of skin were exposed
Inhalation Remove to fresh air restore breathing and give oxygen if needed Get medical help
Ingestion Get medical help as soon as possible When victim is conscious give TJSP mineraloil to drink (Aspiration is a potential hazard if vomiting occurs)
SECTION VII SPILL^ LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES Report large spills to safety personnel Remove ignition sources provide expiosionshy
proof ventilation Those Involved in clean-up must use protection again liquid conshytact and vapor inhalation Pick as liquid when feasible or absorb on vermiculite or sand and scoop up with nonsparking tools into a metal container with cover Liquli can be flushed with a water spray to an open holding area for handling Do not flush to sewer to a confined space or to a watercourse
DISPOSAL Consider reclaiming by distillation or disposal via a licensed waste disposa company Scrap may be incinerated under properly controlled conditions Follow Federal State and local regulations
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general and exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements Ventilation fans amp
other electrical service must be nonsparking and explosion proof Exhaust hoods should have gt100 Ifm face velocity and be designed to capture heavy vapors Exposure above the TLV for nonroutine and emergency situations requires use of an organic chemical cartridge respirator up to 200 ppm above 200 ppm a full face piece is reshyquired with an approved canister-type gas mask or self-contained breathing equipment
Safety goggles or glasses should be worn in areas of use Impermeable (neoprene has been recoimnended) gloves and apron face shield and other protective clothing may be needed to prevent skin contact during use especially where splashing may occur An eyewash station should be available if splashing is possible A safety shower and washing facilities should be available
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store In cool clean well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition and away from oxidizing agents Area must meet requirements of OSHA Class IB liquid No smoking in areas of storage or use Nonsparking tools should be used near toluene Use safety cans for handling small amounts Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent static sparks Protect containers from physical damage
Preplacement and periodic medical exams emphasizing the liver kidneys nervous system lungs heart and blood should be provided At least an annual exam Is recommended for workers exposed above the action level (50 ppm) Use of alcohol can aggravate the narcotic effect and blood effects of toluene
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-91220212426 APPROVALS I MIS ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ CRD
Juogmefiis as lo ihe soiiabitity ot infofmaion nerem tor ourcfiasers pufposlaquo are necessarily Industrial Hygiene y y ^ L ~ J - - ^ - mdash ^ pufchasef s responsibnify Tncfefce atlhougn reasonable care H3S been lawen in the preparaiion o and Safetv O^^^TjXrt^CAJi sixh mtormatnn GaoiuPi PuDiishififl ( ^po fa ion extends no warar- fnahes no feoesniaiions and assumas no responsible^ as to ine accuracy or suratxiity of such mlormaion tor appicaion lo pur- MEDICAL REVIEW 1279 chaset s HMlaquooalaquod putposes or ipr conwquer^cas ot ITS usa
GENIUM PUBLISHING
m
m
i
i
SECTION II INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS Xylene (o m p-lsomers) gt90 Other C7 to C9 Hydrocarbons lt10
Material may contain ethylbenzene (8-hr TWA 100 ppm) and traces of toluene and Cg aromatic and aliphatic hydro carbons Some commercial products may contain over idfi non-xylene hydrocarbons mostly ethylbenzene
Current OSHA standard and ACGIH (1980) TLV NIOSH has proposed a 10-hr TWA of 100 ppm with a 200 ppm ceiling level (10 min sample)
STATUS NCI bioassay for carcinogenesis study 978 TLV set to prevent irritant effects and CNS depression
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
No 318
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYLENE GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION (mixed isomers)
1145 CATALYN STREET SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA Revision C
(518) 377-8855 GfNIUM PUIUSHING CORP Date November 1980
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME XYLENE (mixed Isomers) OTHER DESIGNATIONS Xylol Dlmethylbenzene C6H4(CH3)2 ASTM D843 D845 and D846
GE Material D5B9 CAS 001 330 207 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including EXXON Company USA and
Shell Chemical Company
HAZARD DATA
8-hr TWA 100 ppm (skjn) or 435 mgm3 Xylene Typical
Human inhalation TCLo 200 ppm (Irritation Effects)
Rat oral LD50 43 gkg
Human oral LDLo 50 mgkg
Boiling range 1 atm deg C shyVapor pressure at 20 C tmn Hg
--mdash 135-145 ca 6
Specific gravity Volatiles Z mdash
(H20=l) mdashmdash 086-087 ca 100
Vapor density (Air=l) Solubility in water
---- 37 Negligible
Evaporation rate Molecular weight
(BuAc=l) -mdash 06 10618
Appearance amp Odor Light colored or colorless mobile liquid with an aromatic odor The recognition threshold (lOOZ of test panel) is about 03 ppm in air (unfatigued) for xylene
Wider and narrower boiling range materials v e commercially available
SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temp Flammability Limits In Air
gt77 F (TCC) 867 F Volume Z
Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical foam CO2 and water fog or steam to provide a smothering effect on fire A water stream can scatter flames A spray of water may be used to cool fire-exposed containers
This flammable liquid is a dangerous fire hazard and a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame Heavier-than-air vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back
Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA
This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature It does not polyshymerize
It is flammable (OSHA Class IC liquid) and can form explosive mixtures with air Keep away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Thermal-oxidative degradation in air can produce toxic vapors and gases including carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
Copyrigkl copy IM4 Aay i spedflc pc iaMoa b prahMted GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 318
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 100 ppm or 435 mgm^
Inhalation of xylene at the TLV may cause mild Irritation and dizziness in sensitive persons Concentrations from 100-200 ppm may cause nausea headache and depression Vapor levels gt200 ppm can have an anestheslc effect Skin contact may produce mild irritation and skin defatting Eye contact may cause burning and irritation Ingesshytion of xylene may cause poisoning One ounce or more may be fatal Aspiration can be a hazard if this material is swallowed
FIRST AID Eye Contact Irrigate with water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Skin Contact Wash with soap and water Remove contaminated clothing promptly Reshyplace lost skin oils with approved lotions or creams
Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air Restore breathing if required Get medical attention if symptoms persist or if nausea or collapse has occurred
Ingestion Get medical attention inmiedlately Give white mineral oil demulcent and saline cathartic but do not Induce vomiting unless directed by a physician
Maintain observation of patient for possible delayed onset of pulmonary edema
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Notify safety personnel Remove all ignition sources Provide adequate ventilation Use vermiculite or sand to absorb spill scrape up with nonsparking tools and place in a covered metal container The absorbed material may be burned in an open pit or placed in cardboard boxes and burned in an Incinerator Spilled liquid can be flushed away from sensitive locations with a water stream flush to open area not to sewer
DISPOSAL Scrap liquid may be atomized into an approved incinerator or it may be dlsshyposed of via a licensed solvent disposal company^ When large amounts are Involved reshyclaimation procedures may prove economical Folfow Federal State and Local regulashytions
Aquatic toxicity rating TLm 96 100-10 ppm
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Provide general ventilation and efficient exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof equipment
to meet TLV requirements and to control heavier-than-air vapors Use gt100 Ifm face velocity for exhaust hoods Use approved organic vapor canister respirators for short periods of nonroutine work or emergency situations at up to 1000-2000 ppm and approved self-contained respirators for higher and unknown vapor levels Full facepiece requirec
Buna-N rubber gloves and aprons should be worn to prevent contact of xylene with the ski Safety glasses or goggles should be used for eye protection and eyewash stations shoul be readily accessible to use areas
Comprehensive preplacement and biennial medical examinations to be directed toward but not limited to liver kidney gastrointestinal disorders skin irritatJon and the central nervous system
SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers in a clean cool well-ventilated area away from sources of heat sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents Protect containers from physical dacnage Bond and ground metal containers when transferring liquid Use meta safety cans for small amounts Use nonsparking tools for work in solvent areas No Smoking in areas of use or storage
Prevent skin contact and remove contaminated clothing promptly Avoid repeated or proshylonged breathing of vapor Do not ingest
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-1219-212326313437-3 ) MIS APPROVALS
CRD ^MgtVlaquo--^ Judgments as 10 the suitabltiilv ot mtormaton herem tor puctiasei s purposes are necessarily purchaser s responsioiity Therefore aitrxx^gn reasonacw care nas been taKen in tne preparation of Industrial Hygiene sucn inlormatwo Geniuoi Pubtishing Corporation exterxjs no warranties manes no representations arxj assunes no responsiDltiity as lo the accuracy or Suitaampnty oi such mtormation tor appication to pur- A4-rraquo and Safety cnaser s mterxled pufposas or tor consequences ol its use ^
MEDICAL REVIEW December 5 1980
GENIUM PUBLISHING
No 624 Material Safety Data Sheet From Geniums Reference Collection NAPHTHALENE Genium Publishing Corporation
1145 Catalyn Street Schenectady NY 12303-1836 USA Issued November 1987
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORP (518)377-8855
SECTION 1 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 Material Name NAPHTHALENE
Description (OriginUses) Used as a moth repellant and in many industrial processes
Other Designations Naphthalin Naphthene Tar Camplior 0^^ HMIS NIOSH RTECS No QJ0525000 CAS No 0091-20-3 H 2
F 2 RManufacturer Contact your supplier or distributor Consult the latest edition of the Chemicalweek Buyers Guide (Genium ref 73) for a list of suppliers R 0 I
PPG S bullSec sect 8 K
SECTION 2 INGREDIENTS AND HAZARDS EXPOSURE LIMITS Naphthalene CAS No 0091-20-3 calOO IDLH^ Level 500 ppm
ACGIH TLVs 1987-88 TLV-TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
OSHA PEL 8-Hr TWA 10 ppm 50 mgm
Toxicity Data Child Oral LD^ 100 mgkg Man Unknown LD 74 mgkg
bullImmediately dangerous to life and health Rat Oral LD- 1250 mgkg bullbullSee NIOSH RTECS for additional data with references to irritative mutagenic reproductive and tumorigenic effects
SECTION 3 PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point 424F(218C) Specific Gravity (H0 = 1) 1162 at68F (20degC) Vapor Density (Air = 1) 44 Melting Point 176degF(80degC) Vapor Pressure 0087 Ton- at 77F (25C) Molecular Weight 128 GramsMole Water Solubility Insoluble Volatile by Volume ca 100
Appearance and Odor White crystallineflakes strong coal tar odor
SECTION 4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA LOWER UPPER Flash Point and Method Autoignition Temperature Flammability Limits in Air
174F (79C) OC 190T (88C) CC 979F (526C) by Volume 09 59 Extinguishing Media Use water spray dry chemical or carbon dioxide to fight fires involving naphthalene Caution Foam or direct water spray applied to molten naphthalene may cause extensive foaming
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards Naphthalene is a volatile solid that gives offflammable vapor when heated (as in fire situations) This vapor is much denser than air and will collect in enclosed or low-lying areas like sumps In these areas an explosive air-vapor mixture may form and extra caution is required to prevent any ignition sourcesfrom starting an explosion or fire
Special Fire-fighting Procedures Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode
SECTION 5 REACTIVITY DATA Naphthalene is stable in closed containers at room temperature under normal storage and handling conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Chemical Incompatibilities Naphthalene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents chromic anhydride and mixtures of aluminum trichloride and benzoyl chloride
Conditions to Avoid Ignition sources like open flame unprotected heaters excessive heat lighted tobacco products and electric sparks must not occur in work areas where naphthalene vapor may become concentrated
Hazardous Products of Decomposition Toxic gases like carbon monoxide arc produced during fire conditions Irritating flammable vapor forms below the melting point because even solid naphthalene has a signiflcant vapor pressure
Copyriglil C 1997 Gemum PuMisliinK Corpontioa Any cocnmercial use or reproduction without the publishcrt pennissioo il prohibited
No 624 NAPHTHALENE 1187
SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Naphthalene is not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP lARC or OSHA Summary of Rislis Renal shutdown (kidney failure) hemolytic effects (breakdown of red blood cells) hematuria (blood in the urine) oliguria (low volume of urine) jaundice eye damage and depression of the central nervous system (CNS) are the primary health concems associated with exposure to naphthalene The ACGIH TLVs in section 2 are set to prevent eye damage These recommended exposiu^ limits may not be low enough to prevent blood changes in genetically hypersensitive individuals Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure Diseases of the blood liver and kidneys Administer medical exams emphasizing these organs Target Organs Eyes skin kidneys liver blood (red blood cell effects) and CNS Primary Entry Inhalation skin contact Acute Effects Inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes excitement confusion headache nausea and loss of appetite Chronic Effects Increased incidence of cataracts FIRST AID Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes including under the eyelids gently but thoroughly with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes to remove particles Skin Contact Immediately wash the affected area with soap and water Inhalation Remove victim to fresh air restore andor support his breathing as needed Ingestion Call a poison control center Never give anything by mouth to someone who is unconscious or convulsing Administer a gastric lavage followed by saline catharsis Monitor blood and electrolytic balance Other sources recommend giving the victim several glasses of water to drink
GET MEDICAL HELP (IN PLANT PARAMEDIC COMMUNITY) FOR ALL EXPOSURES Seek prompt medical assistance for further treatment observation and support after first aid
SECTION 7 SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES SpillLeak Notify safety personnel provide ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources immediately Cleanup personnel need protection against contact and inhalation of vapor (see secL 8) Contain large spills and collect waste Use nonsparking tools to place naphthalene into closable containers for disposal Keep waste out of sewers watersheds and waterways Waste Disposal Consider reclamation recycling or destruction rather than disposal in a landfill Contact your supplier or a licensed contractor for detailed recommendations Follow Federal state and local regulations
OSHA Designations Air Contaminant (29 CFR 19101000 Subpart Z) EPA Designations (40 CFR 3024) RCRA Hazardous Waste No U165 CERCLA Hazardous Substance Reportable Quantity 100 lbs (454 kg)
SECTION 8 SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Goggles Always wear protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles Follow the eye- and face-protection guidelines of 29 CFR 1910133 Respirator Use a NIOSH-approved respirator per the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Genium ref 88) for the maximum-use concentrations andor the exposure limits cited in section 2 Respirator usage must be in accordance with the OSHA regulations of 29 CFR 1910134 IDLH or unknown concentrations require an SCBA with a full facepiece operated in the pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode Warning Air-purifying respirators will not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres Other Equipment Wear impervious gloves boots aprons gauntlets etc as required by the specific woric environment to prevent skin contact Ventilation Install and operate general and local maximum explosion-proof ventilation systems of sufficient power to maintain airborne levels of naphthalene below the OSHA PEL standard cited in section 2 Safety Sta t ions Make eyewash stations washing facilities and safety showers available in areas of use and handling Contaminated Equipment Contact lenses pose a special hazard soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them Do not wear contact lenses in any work area Remove and launder contaminated clothing before wearing it again clean this material from shoes and equipment Comments Practice good personal hygiene always wash thoroughly after using Oiis material Keep this material off of your clothing and equipment Avoid transferring this material from hands to mouth while eating drinking or smoking Do not smoke eat or drink in any immediate work area Avoid inhalation of vapor
SECTION 9 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS Storage Segregation Store naphthalene in a cool dry well-ventilated area away from chemical incompatibles (see sect 5) Special HandlingStorage Protect containers from physical damage All bulk storage facilities must be built with an explosion-proof design All containers used in shippingtransferring operations must be electrically grounded to prevent static sparks Use monitoring equipment to measure the extent of vapor present in any storage facility containing naphthalene because of potential fire and explosion hazards Comments All operations with naphthalene must be done carefully to prevent accidental ignition of its flammableexplosive vapor If the weather is warm more naphthalene vapor forms and the potential for explosion increases Do not smoke in any use or storage area Transportation Data (49 CFR 172101-2) DOT Shipping Name Naphthalene DOT ID No UN1334 DOT Hazard Class ORM-A IMO Label Flammable Solid IMO Class 41 DOT Label None
References 1 2 12 73 84-94 103 PJI
Judgments as to Uie suitability of inrortnation herein for purchasers purposes aie Approvals ^ T gt ^ necessarily purchasers responsibility Therefore although reasonable care has been talcen in the preparation of such information Genium Publishing Corp Indust HygieneSafety extends no warranties malces no representations and assumes no responsibility
y r as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to purchasers intended purposes or for consequences of its use Medical Review MA
Copyncbi 01987 Oeniun Publishing Corporauoa Copyright copy November 1 1987 Any conoercul UM or reproducboo wtihouc the publishers permissiaD is prohibtted
4
4
m
4
4
4
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NO -100
GENIUM PUBLISHING CORPORATION ACETONE 1145 CATALYN STREET Revision C
SCHENECTADY NY 12303-1836 USA (518) 377-8855 GENIUM PUIUSHING CORP
DATE June 1984
SECTION I MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MATERIAL NAME ACETONE OTHER DESIGNATIONS Dimethyl Ketone 2-Propanone CH-COCH- GE Material D5B24 ASTM D329
CAS 000 067 6A1 MANUFACTURER Available from many suppliers including
The Dow Chemical Company Eastman Chemical Products Inc 2020 Dow Center Kingsport TN 37662 Midland MI 48640 Tel (615) 247-0411 Emergency telephone (517) 636-4400
SECTION II INGREDIENTS A N D HAZARDS HAZARD DATA
Acetone ca 100 8-hr TWA 750 npm or 1780 mgm-
Rat Oral ACGIH (1983) TLV STEL 1000 ppm Current OSHA PEL LD50 975 gkg is 1000 ppm NIOSH (1978) recommended a 10-hr TWA Rabbit Skin of 250 ppm or 590 mgm and defined the action level LD50 20 gkg at half this exposure Human Inhalat ion
TCLo 500 ppm Eye I r r i t a t i o n 61
Eye systemic effect
SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA Boiling point 1 atm deg C 56 Specific gravity (204 C) 079 Vapor pressure mm Hg at 20 C mdash 180 Volatiles ca 100
at 25 C mdash 226 Melting point deg C -95 Vapor density (Air=l) 20 Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=l) 77 Water solubility Miscible Molecular weight 5809
Appearance amp Odor A clear colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant sweetish odor Odor recognition threshold (100 of test panel) 100-150 ppm (also reported between 200 and 400 ppm) distinct odor at 680 ppm
SECTION IV FIRE A N D EXPLOSION DATA Lower Upper
F(olaquoK Point and Mthod Autoiqnit ion Temp Fla(Txnab(lity Limils in Aif 279 132 (at 77FI (at 75F -4 F (-20C) (TCC) gt538 C by volume
Extinguishing media CO alcohol foam dry chemical or water spray Water spray may not be effective in extinguishing Use water to cool fire-exposed containers and to dilute and reduce fire intensity Class B fires use a blanketing effect to smother flame
Dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus
10 solution of acetone in water is reported to have VSOF flash point Higher closed cup flash points lower LEL and lower UEL also are reported
SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA Acetone is stable in closed container under normal storage and use conditions It does not undergo hazardous polymerization
This OSHA Class IB flammable liquid reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and perchlorates or concentrated sulfuric acid Incompatible with nitric and sulfuric acid mixture (can be explosive) and with nitric and acetic acid mixture Ignition on reaction with potassium ^-butoxide
Thermal-oxidative degradation can include carbon monoxide
Copyright copy 19M Genium PubUiUi^ Corponlkia Any ctxnmcrcUl luc witbout pabUditr i ipcclflc ptrmbsioa b |gtrohibttcd GENIUM PUBLISHING
NO 100
SECTION VI HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION TLV 750 ppm (See Sect II)
Acetone is a low toxicity solvent Irritation of mucous membranes dryness of the mouth amp throat headache nausea dizziness and narcosis can result from excessive exposure to vapors Prolonged or repeated skin contact has a defatting effect causing drying irritation and mild dermatitis Absorption through intact skin is not expected to cause systemic Injury however possible skin absorption should be considered in meeting TLV requirements Eye contact is irritating and can be damaging Do not ingest
FIRST AID Eye Contact Flush promptly with plenty of running water for 15 minutes including under eyelids Contact a physician if irritation persists
Skin Contact Wash off with water Remove contaminated clothing Get medical assistance if irritation persists or if large body areas are contacted
Inhalation Remove to fresh air If effects are more severe than a headache contact a physician Restore andor support breathing if required Consider oxygen therapy
Ingestion Give wafer to drink to dilute If victim is alert and large amount ingested induce vomitirig Contact a physician
SECTION VII SPILL LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Report large spills to safety personnel Provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation and eliminate sources of ignition Clean-up personnel need protection against inhalation and liquid contact Flush with water spray to clear area of acetone (flush to open ground not to drains sewers or surface water courses) or dilute with gt200 parts of water and pick up with nonsparking tools for disposal
DISPOSAL Incineration is a recotnmended method to dispose of scrap acetone Reduce burning hazards by mixture with less flammable liquid for incineration Follow Federal State and Local regulations When amounts warrant it consider reclaiming
EPA (RCRA) HW No U002 (40 CRF 261)
SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORAAATION
rovide explosion-proof general and local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements For nonroutine or emergency exposure above the TLV use approved chemical cartridge or canister gas mask (up to 5000 ppm) or self-contained respirator with full facepiece (up to 20000 ppm)
Safety glasses and butyl rubber or polyvinyl acetate gloves are recommended to avoid conshytact with liquid acetone (Protective creams can also be used) Additional protective clothing may be required (boots apron etc) as work conditions indicate to prevent contact with liquid Remove contaminated clothing promptly (fire and health hazard) and clean and dry before reuse
Kn eyewash station and safety shower should be available near the workplace where splashing is possible
Sprinkler fire protection is desirable in areas of storage handling and use JJIOSH reconmiends preplacement and medical exams for those regularly exposed above action level SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS AND COMMENTS
Store in closed containers (carbon steel recommended) in a cool clean well-ventilated fire-resistant area away from oxidizing agents and sources of heat or ignition Bond and ground containers and equipment for transfers to avoid static sparks Use labeled safety cans for small amounts Protect containers from physical cfamage
Acetone must be stored and handled as an OSHA Class IB flammable liquid Electrical services must meet codes No smoking in storage or use areas
Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with liquid
DOT Classification FLAMMABLE LIQUID ID No UN1090 Label FLAMMABLE LIQUID
DATA SOURCE(S) CODE 1-12141619-2123-26 31 3847
Judgments M lo the luAabMy cpt mlormaiion hefsm tot pufchaser purpoGM arlaquo neclaquossai)Vy APPROVALS MISCRP ^ x ft[ j l j lt ^ ^ U gt gt r purcfiasrs fesponsMfy Tharlaquotora aKhouQh rsasonaUe car has bean taken in the preparation o( lucti nf^mabon Gsmun Pubtahno CorporaiKjn exteixft no warraniies makes no retxesentaions and INDUST HYGIENESAFETY ^ o 2 8-fy asmjmm no reaporabMy as to the accuracy or tuUbMy o such intormation lor apptcaton lo pmshychaaart mlanded purposes or for cornequencOT olt to iMS
MEDICAL REVIEW 15 June 1984
GENIUM PUBLISHING
mi - IRIS IRSN - 23 DATE - 900906
UjUPDT - Complete Update on 090690 52 fields addedediteddeleted STAT - Oral RfD Assessment (RDO) on-line 030188 STAT - Inhalation RfC Assessment (RDI) no data STAT - Carcinogenicity Assessment (CAR) no data
bullsTAT - Drinking Water Health Advisories (DWHA) no data STAT - US EPA Regulatory Actions (EXSR) on-line 090190 STAT - Supplementary Data no data
IRH - 033187 RDO Documentation corrected IRH - 090190 RCRA EPA contact changed IRH - 090190 REFS Bibliography on-line
^RLEN - 7508 NAME - Chlorine cyanide RN - 506-77-4 SY - CHLORCYAN
bullSY - Chlorine Cyanide SY - CHLOROCYAN SY - CHLOROCYANIDE
liSY - CHLOROCYANOGEN SY - CHLORURE DE CYANOGENE SY - Cyanogen chloride
^SY - RCRA WASTE NUMBER P033 bullsY - UN 1589
IRDO shyO ORAL RFD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses UF MF RfD
Rat Chronic Oral NOAEL 108 mgkgday 100 5 5E-2
Study cyanide converted to mgkgday 253 mgkgday of
Howard and Hanzal chlorine cyanide 1955
Weight loss thyroid LOAEL 3 0 mgkgday effects and myelin cyanide degeneration (70 mgkgday CICN)
Rat Subchronlc to Chronic Oral Bioassay
Philbrick et al 1979
bullConversion Factors molecular weight conversion factor = 6126 [MW CICN = bull 61 MW CN = 26]
m o ORAL RFD STUDIES
^Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats by food treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3 325-329
Since chloride is present in very high levels physiologically an RfD of bull35 mgday is recommended based on the maximum number of molar equivalents
(1) of cyanide (CN) released in aqueous solutions or dilute acids
gi In this 2-year dietary study rats (10sexgroup) were administered food fumigated with hydrogen cyanide The average daily concentrations were 73 and
^183 mg CNkg diet From the data reported on food consumption and body weight daily estimated doses were 43 mg and 108 mg CNkg bw The average food CN concentrations were estimated based on the authors data for concentration at the beginning and end of each food preparation period and by
bull assuming a first-order rate of loss for the intervening period There were no treatment-related effects on growth rate no gross signs of toxicity and no histopathological lesions
Ml Studies by Philbrick et al (1979) showed decreased weight gain and
thyroxin levels and myelin degeneration in rats at 30 mgkgday CN Other chronic studies either gave higher effect levels or used the subcutaneous
route (Crampton et al 1979 Lessell 1971 Herthing et al 1960) Human data do not provide adequate information from which to derive an RfD because effective dose levels of chronically ingested CN are not documented
bullTherefore the study of Howard and Hanzel (1955) provides the highest NOAEL 108 mgkgday for CN and is chosen for the derivation of an RfD for CN of 15 mgday or 002 mgkgday
bull Cyanide is metabolized extensively in the liver indicating that the only
relevant route of administration for quantitative risk assessment in the derivation of an oral RfD is the oral route of administration
o ORAL RFD UNCERTAINTY
m UF = 100 According to the US EPA (1985) an uncertainty factor of 100 is
gjused to derive the RfD (10 for species extrapolation 10 for sensitive population)
bullbullo ORAL RFD MODIFYING FACTOR
(BMF = 5 A modifying factor of 5 is used to account for the apparent tolerance
to cyanide when it is ingested with food rather than when it is administered
by gavage or by drinking water
o ORAL RFD COMMENTS
Decreased protein efficiency ratio was produced by dietary cyanide treatshyment of rats during gestation lactation and postweaning growth phase in the Tewe and Maner (1981a) experiment the dose level of cyanide (106 mgkg day) producing that effect is slightly lower than the currently accepted NOAEL of 108 mgkgday (US EPA 1985) Furthermore Tewe and Maner (1981b) tested sows Possible effects observed at about 945 mgkgday were proliferation of glomerular cells of the kidneys and reduced activity of the thyroid glands in the young sows However the number of animals in this experiment was very small A Japanese study (Amo 1973) indicated that 005 mgkgday of cyanide obtained from drinking water decreased the fertility rate
and survival rate in the Fl generation and produced 100 mortality in the F2 generation in mice However these data are not consistent with the body of available literature
o ORAL RFD CONFIDENCE
I Study Medium Data Base Medium RfD Medium
The confidence in the study is medium because adequate records of food consumption and body weight were maintained and animals of both sexes were (tested at two doses for 2 years The data base is rated medium because a small but sufficient number of studies support the chosen study Medium confidence in the RfD follows Additional chronicreproductive studies are needed to support a higher level of confidence in the RfD
o ORAL RFD SOURCE DOCUMENT I
The only US EPA documentation at present is on IRIS I
o REVIEW DATES 080585 o VERIFICATION DATE 080585 o EPA CONTACTS
bullChristopher T DeRosa ORD mdash (513)569-7534 FTS 684-7534
Michael L Dourson ORD ~ (513)569-7544 FTS 684-7544
aiCERC shy
^Value (status) mdash 10 pounds (Final 1985)
Considers technological or economic feasibility mdash NO
bullDiscussion mdash The final RQ was based on aquatic toxicity as established
under CWA Section 311(b)(4) Available data indicate that the aquatic 96-Hour
llMedian Threshold Limit for chlorine cyanide is between 01 and 1 ppm
Reference mdash 50 FR 13456 (040485) EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
IRCRA shy
Status mdash Listed (total free cyanide)
Reference mdash 52 FR 25942 (070987)
EPA Contact mdash RCRASuperfund Hotline (800)424-9346 (202)382-3000 FTS 382-3000
TSCA shy
No data available
OREF - Amo H 1973 Effects of oral administration of cyanide and heavy metals in long term on breeding and chromosome analyses of mice Nagoya
Ml shiritsu Diagaku Igakkai Zasshi 24(1) 48-66 OREF - Crampton RF IF Gaunt R Harris et al 1979 Effects of low
cobalamin diet and chronic cyanide toxicity in baboons Toxicology
12(3) 221-234 OREF - Hertting G O Kraupp E Schnetz and S Weeketich 1960
Untersuchungen uber die Folgen einer chronischen Verabreichung akut toxischer Dosen von Naturimcyanid an Hunden Octa Pharmacol Toxicol
I 17 27-43 OREF - Howard JW and RF Hanzal 1955 Chronic toxicity for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide Agric Food Chem 3(4) 325-329 OREF - Lessell S 1971 Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy Arch
Opthalmol 86(2) 194-204 OREF - Philbrick DJ JB Hopkins DC Hill JC Alexander and RG
Thomson 1979 Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats J Toxicol Environ Health 5 579-592 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981a Long-term and carry-over effect of
dietary inorganic cyanide (KNC) in the life cycle performance and I metabolism of rats Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58 1-7 OREF - Tewe 00 and JH Maner 1981b Performance and pathophysiological
changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide Res Veter Sci 30 147-151
IREF - In preparation Not available at this time None CREF - In preparation Not available at this time None HAREF- In preparation Not available at this time None
Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of infonnation for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent information and data in summary form
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Anthracene
bull Formula CuHio bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Pale green solid with a faint aromatic odor
Phenanthrene
bull Formula C14H10 bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Pyrene
bull Formula CMHIO bull Synonyms None bull Appearance Bright yellow solid
Carbazole
bull Formula CuHN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
Benzo(a)pyrene
bull Formula CaoHit bull Synonyms BaP 34-benzopyrene
bull Appearance and odor Colorless solid with a faint aromatic odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for coal tar pitch volatiles is 02 milligram of coal tar pitch volatiles per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommended that the permissible exposure limit for coal tar products be reduced to 01 mgm (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) averaged over a work shift of up to 10 hours per day 40 hours per week and that coal tar products be regtilated as occupashytional carcinogens The NIOSH Criteria Docimient for Coal Tar Products and NIOSH Criteria Document for Coke Oven Emissions should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposure Coal tar pitch volatiles can affect the body if they are inhaled or if they come in contact with the eyes or skin bull Effects of orerezposore Repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles has been associated with an increased risk of developing bronchishytis and cancer of the lungs skin bladder and kidneys Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposhysure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles Repeated exposure to these materials may also cause sunlight to have a more severe effect on a persons skin In addition this type of exposure may cause an allergic skin rash bull Reporting signs and symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Recommended medical surreillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles at potentially hazardous levels
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Slaquoptlaquomblaquor 1978
tm 1 Initial Medical Examination mdashA complete history and physical examination The
purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to
establish a baseline for future health monitoring Examishynation of the oral cavity respiratory tract bladder and kidneys should be stressed The skin should be examshy
bullI ined for evidence of chronic disorders for premalignant and malignant lesions and evidence of hyperpigmentashytion or photosensitivity
mdashUrinalysis Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer A urinalyshy
^ sis should be obtained to include at a minimum speciHc gravity albumin glucose and a microscopic on centrishy
bull fiiged sediment as well as a test for red blood cells mdashUrinary cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy
ciated with an excess of kidney and bladder cancer ^ Employees having 5 or more years of exposure or who
are 45 years of age or older should have a urinary cytology examination
mdashSputum cytology Coal tar pitch volatiles are assoshy ciated with an excess of lung cancer Employees having
10 or more years of exposure or who are 45 years of age or older should have a sputum cytology examination
na mdash14 x 17 chest roentgenogram Coal tar pitch volatiles are associated with an excess of lung cancer Surveillance ofthe lungs is indicated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Coal tar pitch volatiles are reported to cause an excess of bronchitis Periodic
surveillance is indicated mdashA complete blood count Due to the possibility of
M benzene exposure associated with coal tar pitch volashytiles a complete blood count is considered necessary to search for leukemia and aplastic anemia
mdashSkin disease Coal tar pitch volatiles are defatting agents and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of these agents
bull 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis and semi-annually for employees 45 years of age
m or older or with 10 or more years exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles bull Sonunary of toxicology Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are products of the
destructive distillation of bituminous coal and contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) These hydrocarbons sublime readily thereby increasing the
gi amounts of carcinogenic compounds in working areas Epidemiologic evidence suggests that workers intimateshyly exposed to the products of combustion or distillation
^ of bituminous coal are at increased risk of cancer at many sites These include cancer of the respiratory tract kidney bladder and skin In a study of coke oven workers the level of exposure to CTPV and the length
bull of time exposed were related to the development of cancer Coke oven workers with the highest risk of cancer were those employed exclusively at topside jobs
fm for 5 or more years for whom the increased risk of
dying from lung cancer was 10-fold all coke oven workers had a 7-Vi-fold increase in risk of dying from kidney cancer Although the causative agent or agents of the cancer in coke oven workers is unidentified it is suspected that several PNAs in the CTPV generated during the coking process are involved Certain indusshytrial populations exposed to coal tar products have a demonstrated risk of skin cancer Substances containing PNAs which may produce skin cancer also produce contact dermatitis examples are coal tar pitch and cutting oils Although allergic dermatitis is readily induced by PNAs in guinea pigs it is only lt-arely reported in humans from occupational contact with PNAs these have resulted largely from the therapeutic use of coal tar preparations Components of pitch and coal tar produce cutaneous photosensitization skin eruptions are usually limited to areas exposed to the sun or ultraviolet light Most of the phototoxic agents will induce hypermelanosis ofthe skin if chronic photodershymatitis is severe and prolonged leukoderma may occur Some oils containing PNAs have been associated with changes of follicular and sebaceous glands which comshymonly take the form of acne There is evidence that exposures to emissions at coke ovens and gas retorts may be associated with an increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis Coal tar pitch volatiles may be associated with benzene an agent suspected of causing leukemia and known to cause aplastic anemia
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashAnthracene 1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 124 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of anthrashy
cene) 615 5 Melting point 217 C (423 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than I mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPhenantlirene
1 Molecular weight 1782 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 340 C (644 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 118 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of phenshy
anthrene) 615 5 Melting point 1005 C (213 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashPyrene
1 Molecular weight 2023 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F)
2 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles SeptemtMt 1978
69
3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 128 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of pyrene)
5 Melting point 1504 C (303 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashCarbazole
1 Molecular weight 1672 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 355 C (671 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of carbashy
zole) 58 5 Melting point 246 C (475 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashBenzo(a)pyrene
1 Molecular weight 2523 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Greater than 360 C
(greater than 680 F) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) Greater than 1 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of
benzo(a)pyrene) 87 5 Melting point 179 C (354 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Less than 1 mm Hg 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
Insoluble 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None hazshyardous
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers may causefires and explosions
3 Hazardous decomposition products None 4 Special precautions None
bull Flammability 1 Flash point Anthracene 121 C (250 F) (closed
cup) Others Data not available 2 Autoignition temperature Anthracene 540 C
(1004 F) Others Data not available 3 Flammable limits in air by volume Anthrashy
cene Lower 06 Others Data not available 4 Extinguishant Foam dry chemical and carbon
dioxide bull Warning properties Grant states that coal tar and its various crude fracshytions appgtear principally to cause reddening and squashymous eczema of the lid margins with only small eroshysions of the corneal epithelium and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear in a month following exposure Chronic exposure of workmen to tar fumes and dust has been reported to cause conjunctivitis and discoloration of the cornea in the palpebral fissure
either near the limbus or in extreme cases across the whole cornea Occasionally epithelioma of the lid margin has been attributed to contact with coal tar
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull General Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employe) bull Method Coal tar products may be sampled by collection on a glass fiber filter with subsequent ultrasonic extraction and weighing An analytical method for coal tar pitch volatiles is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 1 1977 available from the Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00267-3)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry mto tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforteshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with condensed coal tar pitch volatiles where skin contact may occur bull If employees clothing may have become contaminatshyed with coal tar pitch volatiles employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing contaminated with coal tar pitch volatiles
Septmtbw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 3
should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of coal tar pitch volatiles from the clothing If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the coal tar pitch volatiles the person performshying the operation should be informed of coal tar pitch volatUess hazardous properties bull Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where condensed coal tar pitch volatiles may contact the eyes
SANITATION
bull Workers subject to skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles should vrash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the body which may have contacted coal tar pitch volatiles at the end of each work day bull Employees who handle coal tar pitch volatiles should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detershygent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities bull Areas in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur should be identified by signs or other appropriate means and access to these areas should be limited to authorized persons
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Liberation from Process enclosure extraction and local exhaust packaging from coal tar ventilation general frdbtion of coking dilution ventilation
personal protective equipment
Use as a binding agent Process enclosure In manufacture of coal local exhaust briquettes used for fuel ventilation general use as a dielectric in the dilution ventilation manufacture of battery personal protective electrodes electric-arc equipment furnace electrodes and electrodes for alumina reduction
Use in manufacture of Process enclosure roofing felts and papers local exhaust and roofing ventilation general
dilution ventilation personal protective equipment
Operation Controls
Use for protective Process enclosure coatings for pipes for local exhaust underground conduits ventilation general and drainage use as a dilution ventilation coating on concrete as personal protective waterproofing and equipment corrosion-resistant material use in road paving and sealing
Use in manufacture and Process enclosure repair of refractory local exhaust brick use in production ventilation general of foundry cores use in dilution ventilation manufacture of carbon personal protective ceramic items equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally If irritation is present after washing get medical attention Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these chemicals bull Skin Exposure If condensed coal tar pitch volatiles get on the skin wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detershygent and water Be sure to wash the hands before eating or smoking and to wash thoroughly at the close of work bull Breattdng If a person breathes in large amounts of coal tar pitch volatiles move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affected person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of releases until cleanup has been completed bull If coal tar pitch volatiles are released in hazardous concentrations the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill
4 Coal rar Pitch Volattlss SsptemtMT 1978
2 Collect released material m the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill bull Waste disposal method Coal tar pitch volatiles may be disposed of in sealed containers in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES
bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workshyroom Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull Bingham E Environmental Carcinogens Archives of Environmental Health 19779-85 DES 1969 bull Bingham E Thresholds in Cancer Inductions Archives of Environmental Health 22692-95 June 1971 bull Coke Oven Emissions Federal Register 4032268shy32282 July 311975 bull Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Polshylutants Division of Medical Sciences National Reshysearch Council Particulate Polycyclic Organic Matter National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 1972 bull Fannick N et al Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles at Coke Ovens American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 33461-4681972 bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hittle D C and Stukel J J Particle Size Distrishybution and Chemical Composition of Coal-Tar Fumes American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal 37199shy204 1976 bull Hygienic Information Guide No 89 - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Occupational Health 1972
bull International Labour Office Encyclopedia of Occupashytional Health and Safety McGraw-Hill New York 1971 bull Lloyd J W Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelshyworkers V Respiratory Cancer in Coke Plant WOTVshy
er^ Joumal of Occupational Medicine 1353-68 1971 bull Mazumdar S et al An Epidemiological Study of Exposure to Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles among Coke Oven Workers Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25382-389 1975 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 78-107 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1977 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Coke Oven Emissions HEW Publication No HSM 73-11016 GPO No 017-033shy00015 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1973 bull Redmond C K et al Long-Term Mortality Study of Steelworkers VI Mortality from Malignant Neoshyplasms Among Coke Oven Workers Journal of Occushypational Medicine 14621-629 1972 bull Scala R A Toxicology of PPOM Joumal of Occupational Medicine 17784-788 1975 bull Tye R and Stemmer K L Experimental Carshycinogenesis of the Lung II Influence of Phenols in the Production of Carcinoma Journal of the National Cancer Institute 39175-179 1967
Septambw 1978 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection
Particulate and Vapor Concentration
2 mgm or less
10 mgm or less
200 mgm or less
400 mgm or less
Greater than 400 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Required Above 02 mgm
A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter
A gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece helmet or hood
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
A Type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode
A powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter
A Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece helmet or hood operated in continuous-flow mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
Occupational Health Guideline for Cyanide
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for employees employers physicians industrial hygienists and other occupational health professionals who may have a need for such information It does not attempt to present all data rather it presents pertinent infonnation and data in summary form
APPLICABILITY
The general guidelines contained in this document apply to all cyanides Physical and chemical properties of two specific compounds are provided for illustrative purposes
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
Potassium cyanide
bull Formula KCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
Sodium cyanide
bull Formula NaCN bull Synonyms None bull Appearance and odor White solid with a faint almond odor
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for cyanide is 5 milligrams of cyanide per cubic meter of air (mgm) averaged over an eight-hour work shift NIOSH has recommendshyed that the permissible exposure limit be changed to a ceiling of 5 milligrams cyanide per cubic meter of air averaged over a 10-minute period The NIOSH Criteria Document for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts should be consulted for more detailed information
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
bull Routes of exposnre Cyanide can affect the txxly if it is inhaled if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin or if it is swallowed Sufficient cyanide may be algtsorlgted through the skin especially if there are cuts to cause fatal poisoning bull Effects of OTerexposore 1 Short-term Exposure Inhalation or ingestion of cyashynide salts may be rapidly fatal Larger doses by inhalashytion or swallowing may cause the person to rapidly lose consciousness stop breathing and die In some cases there are convulsions At lower levels of exposure the earlier symptoms include weakness headache confushysion nausea and vomiting These symptoms may be followed by unconsciousness and death Occasionally convulsions occur Milder forms of intoxication may result only in weakness dizziness headache and nausea The dust of cyanide salts is irritating to the eyes In the presence of tears it may cause the symptoms of poisoning described above The dust of cyanide salts may produce irritation of the nose and skin Strong solutions of cyanide salts are corrosive and may proshyduce ulcers 2 Long-term Exposure Effects from chronic exposure to cyanide are non-specific and rare 3 Reporting Signs and Symptoms A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to cyanide bull Recommended medkal suryeillance The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to cyanide at potentially hazardous levels Initial Medical Examination
mdashA complete history and physical examination The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring Pershysons with a history of fainting spells such as occur in various types of cardiovascular and nervous disorders
Ttiese recommendations reflect good industrial fiygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will assist in achieving an effective occupational health program However they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
September 1978
and those unusually susceptible to effects of anoxia or with anemia would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure Examination of the cardiovascular nershyvous and upper respiratory systems and thyroid should be stressed The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders
mdashSkin disease Cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent
mdash14 X 17 chest roentgenogram Cyanide causes human lung damage Surveillance of the lungs is indishycated
mdashFVC and FEV (1 sec) Cyanide is a respiratory irritant Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure Periodic surveilshylance is indicated 2 Periodic Medical Examination The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis 3 First Aid Kits First aid kits should be readily availashyble in workplaces where there is a potential for the release of cyanide These kits should contain a minimum of 48 ampules each of 03 ml amyl nitrate and complete instructions for use In addition 2 physicians kits should be immediately available to trained medical personnel These kits should contain the above quantity of amyl nitrate as well as sterile sodium nitrite solution (3) and sterile sodium thiosulfate solution (25) All of the above drugs should be replaced at least biannualshyly to ensure their potency bull Summary of toxicology The dust of cyanide salts a source of cyanide ion is an asphyxiant due to an inhibitory action on metabolic enzyme systems and can be rapidly fatal Cyanide exerts this effect because it inactivates certain enzymes by forming very stable complexes with the metal in them Cytochrome oxidase is probably the most important of these since it occupies a fundamental position in the respiratory process and is involved in the ultimate electron transfer to molecular oxygen Since cytochshyrome oxidase is present in practically all cells that function under aerobic conditions and since the cyashynide ion diffuses easily to all parts of the body it is capable of suddenly bringing to a halt practically all cellular respiration In the presence of even weak acids hydrocyanic acid (HCN) gas is liberated from cyanide salts r few inhalations of higher concentrations of HCN may be followed by almost instantaneous collapse and cessation of respiration 270 ppm HCN is immediately fatal to humans 181 ppm is fatal after 10 minutes 135 ppm after 30 minutes and 110 ppm may be fatal in 1 hour The ingestion by humans of 50 to 100 mg of sodium or potassium cyanide may also be fatal At lower levels of exposure to HCN the earliest symptoms of intoxication may include weakness headache confushysion and occasionally nausea and vomiting respiratory rate and depth is usually increased initially and at later stages becomes slow and gasping if cyanosis is present
it usually indicates that respiration has either ceased or has been very inadequate for a few minutes Humans tolerate 45 to 54 ppm for Va to 1 hour without immedishyate or delayed effects while 18 to 36 ppm may result in some symptoms after an exposure of several hours Sodium cyanide dust is irritating to the eyes in the presence of tears it may liberate HCN which can be absorbed and cause systemic intoxication Skin contact with dust may be irritating strong solutions on the skin produce ulcers which are slow in healing Cyanide is one of the few toxic materials for which an antidote exists it functions as follows First amyl nitrite (inhalashytion) and sodium nitrite (intravenously) are adminisshytered to form methemoglobin which binds firmly with free cyanide ions This traps any circulating cyanide ions The formation of 10 to 20 methemoglobin usually does not involve appreciable risk yet provides a large amount of cyanide-binding substance Second sodium thiosulfate is administered intravenously to inshycrease the rate of conversion of cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate Methylene blue should not be adminisshytered because it is a poor methemoglobin former and moreover promotes the conversion of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
bull Physical datamdashPotassium cyanide 1 Molecular weight 651 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) Data not available 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 155 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of potasshy
sium cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 635 C(l 175 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
716 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Physical datamdashSodium cyanide
1 Molecular weight 49 2 Boiling point (760 mm Hg) 1500 C (2732 F)
(extrapolated) 3 Specific gravity (water = 1) 16 4 Vapor density (air = 1 at boiling point of sodium
cyanide) Not applicable 5 Melting point 560 C (1040 F) 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F) Essentially zero 7 Solubility in water g100 g water at 20 C (68 F)
58 8 Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1) Not applicashy
ble bull Reactivity
1 Conditions contributing to instability None Hazshyardous if kept in closed containers It may form toxic concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas when in proshylonged contact with air in a closed area
2 Incompatibilities Contact with strong oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates may cause fires and
2 Cyanide September 1978
explosions Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
3 Hazardous decomposition products Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes
4 Special precautions Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas bull Flammability
1 Not combustible bull Warning properties
1 Odor Threshold No quantitative information is available concerning the odor threshold of sodium or potassium cyanide HCN however is evolved from these substances in the presence of moisture The Manushyfacturing Chemists Association states that although HCN has a characteristic odor its toxic action at hazardous concentrations is so rapid that it is of no value as a warning property
2 Eye Irritation Level Cyanide (as CN) is not known to be an eye irritant However according to Grant HCN can produce eye irritation after chronic exposures
3 Evaluation of Warning Properties Although cyashynide (as CN) has a negligible vapor pressure in the presence of moisture HCN can be given off HCN does not have adequate warning properties
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
bull Eight-Hour Exposure Eyaluation Measurements to determine employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 minutes) may also be used to determine the average exposure level Air samples should be taken in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) bull Ceiling Evaluation Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are tgtest taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of cyanide Each measurement should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the employees breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee) A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate ofthe employees exposure bull Method Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection of cyanide with a cellulose membrane filter and an impinger containing sodium hydroxide followed by analysis by direct potentiometry An analytical method for cyanide is in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 2nd Ed Vol 3 1977 available from the
Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 20402 (GPO No 017-033-00261-4)
RESPIRATORS
bull Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level Howshyever there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible when such controls are in the process of being installed or when they fail and need to be supplemented Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels and in emergency situations If the use of respirators is necessary the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforceshyment and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health bull In addition to respirator selection a complete respirashytory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training maintenance inspection cleaning and evaluation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
bull Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing gloves face shields (eight-inch minimum) and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with cyanide or liquids containing cyanide bull If employees clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises bull Clothing which has had any possibility of being contaminated with cyanide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of cyanide from the clothing If the clothing is to tgte laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanides hazardshyous properties bull Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employees body to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide facilities for quick drenching of the txxly should be provided within the immediate work area for emershygency use bull Non-impervious clothing which becomes contamishynated with cyanide should be removed immediately and not rewom until the cyanide is removed from the clothing bull Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of cyanide or liquids containing cyanide contacting the eyes
September 1978 Cyanide 3
bull Where there is any possibility that employees eyes may be exposed to cyanide or liquids containing cyashynide an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use
SANITATION
bull Skin that t)ecomes contaminated with cyanide should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any cyanide bull Workers subject to skin contact with cyanide should wash with soap or mild detergent and water any areas of the Ixxly which may have contacted cyanide at the end of each work day bull Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where cyanide or liquids containing cyanide are hanshydled processed or stored bull Employees who handle cyanide or liquids containing cyanide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating smoking or using toilet facilities
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to cyanide may occur and control methods which may be effective in each case
Operation Controls
Use as fumigants and Local exhaust pesticides in ventilatk^n general greenhouses ships dilution ventilatkin mills and warehouses personal protective use of cyanogen equipment chloride as a warning agent in fumigant gases
Use in metal treatment Process enclosure in nitriding tempering local exhaust and case hardening ventilatkgtn general steel coloring of metals dilution ventilation by chemical or personal protective electrolytic process equipment cleaning and coating metals welding and cutting of heat-resistant metals liberation during ore extraction and metal purification
Operation Controls
Use of calcium Process enclosure cyanamid in fertilizer on local exhaust soil during chemical ventilation general synthesis for dilution ventilation manufacture of personal protective intermediates in equipment pharmaceuticals dyes vitamins plastics and sequestering agents preparation of nitriles carbylamines cyano fatty acids and inorganic cyanides
Use in cellulose Process enclosure technology paper local exhaust manufacture in dyeing ventilation general as cement stabilizers dilution ventilation use in photography as personal protective fixatives and in equipment blueprinting and process engraving liberation in blast furance gases or in handling of illuminating gas
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency institute first aid proceshydures and send for first aid or medical assistance bull Eye Exposure If cyanide gets into the eyes wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally Get medical attention immediately Contact lenses should not be worn when working with cyanides bull Skin Exposure If cyanide gets on the skin immediately wash the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and water If cyanide penetrates through the clothing remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin using soap or mild detergent and water Get medical attention immediately bull Breathing If a person breathes in large amounts of cyanide move the exposed person to fresh air at once If breathing has stopped perform artificial respiration Keep the affectshyed person warm and at rest Get medical attention as soon as possible bull Swallowing When cyanide has been swallowed and the person is conscious give the person large quantities of water immediately After the water has been swallowed try to get the person to vomit by having him touch the back of his throat with his finger Do not make an unconshyscious person vomit Get medical attention immediateshyly
4 Cyanide September 1978
bull Rescue Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure If the exposed person has been overcome notify someshyone else and put into effect the established emergency rescue procedures Do not become a casualty Undershystand the facilitys emergency rescue procedures and know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises
SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
bull Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothshying should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed bull If cyanide is spilled the following steps should be taken 1 Ventilate area of spill 2 Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for treatment in a cyanide disposal system bull Waste dispgtosal method After treatment as in above cyanide may be disposed of in a secured sanitary landfill
REFERENCES bull American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Cyanide (as CN) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workrcnm Air (3rd ed 2nd printing) Cincinnati 1974 bull American Industrial Hygiene Association Hydroshygen Cyanide Hygienic Guide Series Detroit Michigan 1970 bull Baskin A D (ed) Handling Guide for Potentially Hazardous Commodities Railway Systems and Manageshyment Association Chicago 1972 bull Chen K K and Rose C L Nitrite and Thiosulshyfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning Joumal of the American Medical Association 149113-119 1952 bull Deichmann W B and Gerarde H W Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals Academic Press New York 1969 bull Gleason M N Gosselin R E Hodge H C and Smith R P Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products
(3rd ed) Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 1969
bull Grant W M Toxicology ofthe Eye (2nd ed) C C Thomas Springfield Illinois 1974 bull Hamilton A and Hardy H Industrial Toxicology (3rd ed) Publishing Sciences Group Acton Massashychusetts 1974
bull Hunter D Diseases of Occupations (4th ed) Little Brown Boston 1969
bull Kirk R and Othmer D Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1968 bull Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-30 Cyanide Washington D C 1967 bull National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Department of Health Education and Welfare Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyashynide Salts HEW Publication No (NIOSH) 77-108 GPO No 017-033-00163-4 US Govemment Printing Office Washington DC 1976 bull Patty F A (ed) Toxicology Vol II of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed rev) Interscience New York 1963 bull Sax N I Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (3rd ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold New York 1968 bull Stauden A (exec ed) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2nd ed) Interscience New York 1972 bull Stecher P G (ed) The Merck Index (8th ed) Merck Co Inc Rahway New Jersey 1968 bull Thienes C H and Haley T J Clinical Toxicology (5th ed) Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1972 bull von Oettingen W F Poisoning A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd ed) Saunders Philadelshyphia 1958 bull Wolfsie J H Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning in Industry AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 4417-425 1951
SeptemtMr 1978 Cyanide 5
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR CYANIDE
Condition Minimum Respiratory Protection Required Above 5 mgm
Particulate Concentration
50 mgm or less Any supplied-air respirator
Any self-contained breathing apparatus
Greater than 50 mgm or entry and escape from unknown concentrations
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continushyous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Fire Fighting Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
Escape Any gas mask providing protection against hydrogen cyanide and particulates
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus
Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used
APPENDIX B
Contaminants Known To Exist Onsite
TABLE 4-9
ORGANIC CHEMICALS ItETECTEO IN StMFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHQNT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA tJATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING OUALITT CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF WATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QtMHTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SANPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Volatiles Benzene S29 SU-017 5 MCL 066 Total Xylenes 429 SU-017 10000 PMCL Ethylbeniene 329 SU-001 700 PMCL 1400 Toluene 429 SU-017 2000 PNa 14300 Chlorofons 229 SU-018 100 NIPDUR 019
I
00
AcetoneChlorobenzeneChloroethaneCarbon Disulfide11-Dichloroethene11-Dichloroethane12-Dlchleroothene(total)
229 129 129
129 129 129 129
2 1 SU-017 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008
7 MCL L
033
12-Dlchtoroethane 129 SU-008 5 MCL 094 111-TrlchloroethBne 129 SU-008 20 0 M a 18400 Carbon TetrachlorideBroMdichloroMthaneCis-13-dichloropropeneTrichloroetheneDibroawchloroaMthane112-Trlchloroethanetrans-13-dlchloropropsfMBroaofonsStyrene2-Butanone
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
129 129
SU-006 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-008 SU-022
5 MCL 100 NIPDUR
100 LTHA 5 MCL
5 TMCL L
100 NIPDUR S100 PMCL
04
87 27
06 87
TABLE 4-9 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER ANO VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Seal-Volatiles 2-Hethylphenol 229 10 2-8 4 SU-017 Acenaphthylene 129 10 SU-OOI 00028 Phenol 129 10 145 $U-017 20000 LTHA 3500 4-Methylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bullbull 24-DiMethylphenol 129 10 SU-017 bull bull Benzoic ecid 129 50 SU-017 Naphthalene 129 10 SU-017 2000 LTHA 00028 Fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Pyrene 129 10 SU-017 00028 Chrysene 129 10 SU-017 02 MCL 00028 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028 Benzo(a)pyrene 129 10 SU-017 02 TMCL 00028
4 PesticidesPCBs Heptschlorepoxidc 129 OOS 50 SU-017 02 PMCL
to gaiins-BHC( lindane) 129 OOS 0009 8U-021 02 PMCL 006 VO
Probable or possible hunan carcinogen PAN
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hicrarchyi
MCL bull MaxinuM Contaminant Level PMCL Proposed Maxinus Contssilnant Level TMCL bull Tentative Maxiius ContsMlnant Level NIPDUR - National Interia Prinsry Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tens Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L bull Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Anbient Uater Quelity Criteria (AUOC) and State of Veraont Uater Quelity Standards State of Vensont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Envlronaental Conservstion Proposed Uster Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uster Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-10
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SURFACE UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC FEDERAL USEPA UATER CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING QUALITY CRITERIA
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF UATER AND VERMONT CHEMICAL DETECTIONSNO QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugD (ugL)
Inorganics Alminum 1329 200 348-59750 444 SU-017 L Antimony 129 60 177 SU-004 105 TMCL 146 Arsenic 1229 10 14-207 39 SU-019 50 NIPDUR 00022 Barium 2929 200 70-852 41 SU-019 5000 PMCL 1000 Cackaiun 129 5 53 SU-017 5 PMCL 10 Calclua 2929 5000 17800-343000 42969 SU-018 Chromium 729 10 41-1270 133 SU-017100 PMCL (total) 50 (hex) Cobalt 229 50 390-850 576 SU-017 Copper 729 25 52-826 290 SU-017 1300 PMCL Iron 2529 100 106-400000 1548 SU-017 Lead 729 5 136-548 659 SU-017 5 PMCL SO Magnesium 2929 5000 4260-76900 10870 SU-018
4^ I
Manganese Mercury
2629 229
15 02
50-30000 05-80
272 20
SU-018 SU-017
2 PMCL
0144
CJ Nickel 129 40 260 SU-017 100 TMCL 134 ro Potassium 2829 5000 1120-24900 3005 SU-019
Selenium 229 5 19-21 20 SU-001 50 PMCL 10 Silver 129 10 41 SU-018 50 NIPDUR 50 Sodiui 2829 5000 7300-267000 39234 SU-019 Thallium 129 10 8390 SU-024 21 TMCL 13 Vanadium 229 50 147-991 382 SU-017 L Zinc 1829 20 107-1500 496 SU-017 L Cyanide 729 10 162-9110 950 SU-017 200 TMCL 200
The Federal Drinking Uater Standards listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
MCL laquo MaxiHUB Contaminant Level PMCL bull Proposed MaximM Contaminant Level TMCL a Tentative Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA gt Longer-Tcrm Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L laquo Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drilling Uater Drinking Uater Reputations and Health Advisories April 1990
Source for US EPA Asbient Uater Quality Criteria (AUOC) and State of Vermont Uater Quelity Standards Stste of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environaentai Conservation Proposed Uater Quality Criteria for Promulgation as Uater Quality Standards 1990
TABLE 4-12
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
PesticidesPCBs
bull
1 UJ o Semi-Volet ilea
CHEMICAL
Acetone Total Xylenea Ethylbenzene Benzene Methylene Chloride Toluene Carbon disulfide Styrene 2-Butanone Chlorobenzene Tetrachloroethene
Dieldrin Endrin 44gt-D0T 44-DOD
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran 24-Dinitrotoluene Flourcne 4-Nitrophenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Bis(2-cthylhexyl) phthalate
Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fIuoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene lndeno(123-cd)pyrene Oibenz(ah)anthracene shyBenzo(ghi)perylene Dimethylphthalate
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION
1228 1028 1028 728 628 528 128 128 128 128 128
128 128 228 128
1128 1128 928 1128 1128 328 1128 128 1528 1528
1528 1528 1628 1628 1128
1328 1228 1528 1528 628 1428 128
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
160-240 160-240 160-240 160-240
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
11-30000 375-270000 305-210000 111-240000 208-24000 31-73500
3 1900
33 14000
780
62 66
1700-2100 1000
11000-27M 5200-20M
9000-230000 40000-930000 4400-160000 7100-19000
24000-630000 5200
1700-16H 220-510000
2500-430000 2800-650000 270-200000 330-160000 320-160000
1000-78000 660-97000 250-150000 490-58000 270-5300 260-64000
3100
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg))
372 12878 14815 10556
831 3311
1889
136774 115580 21502 108677 14069 10588 65705
74960 27293 39978 57587 14729 14516 3129
10890 11484 10855 7414 3935 7964
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF BACKGROUND
CONCEN (ugkg)
110 130 152
177 89 300 302 152 218
273 273 157 130
161
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SD-020 C B bull
SD-014 bull
SO-001 bull A
SD-014 SO-011
SD-009 SD-009 SO-014 SO-015
SD-014 SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-013 SO-014 $0-014 SO-014 SD-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014 SO-014
SO-014 SD-014 SO-014 SO-014 SD-01S SO-014
tnBLE 4-15
INQRGNIIC CHEMICALS DETEaBgt IN SEDIMENTS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF GEOMETRIC MEAN LOCATION REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF BACKGROUND OF
CHEMICAL FREQUENCY QUANTITATION CONCEM CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL OF DETECTION LIMIT (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) (mgkg) CONCEN
Inorganics Aluminum 2828 40 1150-19500 8780 6330 SO-017 Antimony 328 12 23-90 74 SO-006 Arsenic 2728 2 180-1510 680 85 SO-017 Bar i us 2828 40 73-1950 689 467 SO-015
Berylliua 628 1 011-100 022 046 SO-006
CadniuB 828 1 098-83 276 SO-014
Calciua 2828 1000 652-197000 8096 2997 SO-004
Chromiua 2828 2 51-1630 302 1536 SO-017
Cobalt 2728 10 20-217 102 64 SO-020
Copper Iron
2728 2828
5 20
55-275 6720-47800
410 25108
299 13417
SO-014 SO-014
Lead 2828 1 61-609 983 600 SD-014
Hagnesiua Manganese Mercury Nickel
2828 2828 1628 2828
1000 3
01 8
1530-11500 912-1030 020-23 53-560
5950 362 076 233
2326 300
137
SO-0160 SO-018 SO-017 SO-014
I Ul
Potassiua Selenius Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide
2828 1328 828 2028 2828 2828 1328
1000 1 2
1000 10 4 10
109-2590 028-99 170-964 102-1690 60-419
229-1030 20-737
1153 22 137 468 203 171 129
490 094
504 172 656
SO-017 SO-017 SO-014 SD-006 SO-014 SO-006 SO-015
TABLE 4-18
CHEMICALS DETECTED IH SURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
NUMBER CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES
volatiles Methylene Chloride 629 Acetone 629 Carbon Disulfide 529 2-Butanone 229 Trichloroethene 129 Chloroform
Semi-Volatiles Naphthalene 629 Acenaphthylene 929 Acenaphthene 229 Dibenzofuran 329 Fluorene 229 Phenanthrene 1929 Anthracene 1129 I
oraquo Fluoranthene 2329 00 Pyrene 2329
Benzo(a)anthracene 1929 Chrysene 2129 Benzo(b)fIuoranthene 2229 Benzo(k)fIuoranthene 1229 Benzo(a)pyrene 2329 Indenod 23-cd)pyrene 2029 Dibenz(ah)anthracene 629 Benzo(ghi)perylene 1729 Benzyl alcohol 129 Nitrobenzene 129
2-Methylnaphthalene 629 N-nitrosodiphenylamine 129 Di-n-butylphthalate 129 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1129 Benzoic acid 229 24-Dinitrotoluene 129 Butylbenzylphthalate
PesticidesPCBs 44-DDT 129 alpha-BHC 129 44-0DE
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugkg)
5 10 5 10 5
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
1600 330
160 80
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
1-13 2-53 1-5
7-10 3
79-6400 36-5200 110-220 140-560 120-220 51-6700 46-2800 61-13000 42-16000 48-6000 37-6800 37-13000 65-4400 42-6200 40-3400 62-1400 36-3500
730 730
37-3100 780 500
49-1100 35-130
39
53 320
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugkg)
4 7 2 8
571 310 156 237 162 414 251 618 536 408 391 594 556 402 286 238 327
386
67
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
BACKGROUND CONCEN (ugkg)
2
110 152
177 89 300 302 152 218 2Ti 273 157 130
161
130
169
66
243
429
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-005 SS-006 SS-026 SS-008 SS-011
SS-031 SS-031 SS-005 SS-018 SS-005 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-031 SS-018 SS-018 SS-031 SS-005 SS-031 SS-015 SS-015 SS-018 SS-020 SS-018 SS-022 SS-024 SS-033
SS-015 SS-030
Probable or possible human carcinogen PAH
mdash I-1 -1 - bull -1
CHEMICAL CLASS
Inorganics
I Ol 0
CHEMICAL
Aluminus Antimony Arsenic Bariua Berylliua CadRius Calciua Chromiua Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesius Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassiiai Selenius Silver Sodiua Thalliua Vanadiua Zinc Cyanide
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS NO OF SAMPLES
2929 1129 2629 2929 1529 1629 2929 2929 2029 2529 2929 2929 2929 2929 1029 2929 2929 629 229
2929 529
2929 2929 629
TABLE 4-18 (Continued)
CHEMICALS DETECTS IN SURFACE SOIL PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (mgkg))
6515 107 428 382 032 057 5058 1560 786 194
16621 338 3968 323 025 195 686 049 194 252 023 129 625 095
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (mgkg)
40 12 2 40 1 1
1000 2 10 5 20 1
1000 3
01 8
1000 1 2
1000 2 10 4 10
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (nskg)
3060-16900 56-385
120-1190 72-451
010-081 028-41
11290-254000 710-4300 45-189 72-632
8280-35600 35-873
974-14000 1740-7890
008-94 90-2361 190-1820 012-13 110-342
076-1060 008-77 56-313 90-722
071-186
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF
CONttN (mgkg)
6330
85 467 046
2997 1536 64 299
13417 600 2326 300
137 490 094
504 049 172 656
LOCATION OF
MAXIMUM CONCEN
SS-008 SS-005 SS-014 SS-018 SS-020 SS-022 SS-007 SS-011 SS-014 SS-018 SS-008 SS-018 SS-005 SS-OOA SS-032 SS-032 SS-008 SS-011 SS-032 SS-018 SS-032 SS-011 SS-020 SS-029
^ 1
TABLE 4-21
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN SUBSURFACE SOILS PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
GEOMETRIC CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF LOCATION
NUMBER REQUIRED DETECTED DETECTED OF CHEMICAL OF DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN CONCEN MAXIMUM CLASS CHEMICAL NO OF SAMPLES LIMIT i^5i (^fymdash^^^ CONCEN
Inorganics
Aluninua 11311 40 463-32200 8706 BO-01-5-10 Antimony 2311 12 29-273 65 80-16-13-15 Arsenic 10511 2 042-640 64 BO-13-14-16 Barium 11011 40 49-216 470 MU-02-12-13 Beryllium 5711 1 03-130 093 BO-22-19-20 Cadnlun 2711 1 10-157 162 HU-02-12-13 Calcium 11311 1000 15-49700 6198 MU-04-145-147
I vO
Chromiua Cobalt Copper
10711 9811 10311
2 10 5
11-1850 30-250 27-4210
225 108 278
MU-02-12-13 BO-05-18-20 MU-02-5-7
Iron 11311 20 2540-171000 19503 MU-04-4-6 Lead 11111 1 09-764 141 BO-17-0-5 Magnesius 11311 1000 419-14600 4657 MU-07-70-90 Manganese Mercury Nickel
11311 2411 10411
3 01 8
80-2040 01-18 28-644
320 034 280
HU-02-12-13 MU-01-5-7
HU-02-12-13 Potassiua 10111 1000 715-5430 1164 BO-14-25 Selenius 3611 1 06-89 176 BO-16-13-15 Silver 3411 2 07-756 168 BO-17-0-5 Sodi us 8911 1000 351-1370 256 BO-03-2-3 Thallium 2411 2 029-20 094 BO-23 (ALL) Vanadium 10811 10 10-2530 188 MU-11-10-12 Zinc 10911 4 33-3410 588 BO-128-7-8 Cyanide 2211 1 10-6660 554 MU-04-4-6
Probable or possible huaan carcinogen PAH
---
---
bull bull bull
1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUNOUATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
CONTRACT REQUIRED
QUANTITATION LIMIT (ugL)
5-625 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 5-625
10-1250 5-625 5-625
10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 10-1250 50-6250 10-1250 10-1250
RANGE OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
2-2500 1-1500 1-4000 2-2000 11-550 5-530 2-26 1-7
10-280 43-1100
9 190 1-25
40-440
4-73000 17-32000 1-11000 7-12000
3-920 7-15000
6-19 18-31000 4-7200 6-12000 9-15000 3-5300 11-6400 8-1700 11-4300 17-3300
6-920 15-1300
10 15-1000
1-3
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF OFF-SITE UELL HU-05
22 60 73 68 78 87 7 3 39 217
4 186
724 1686 219 401 74 382 9
821 356 357 425 124 233 122 222 214 95 94
83 2
GEOMETRIC MEAN OF DETECTED CONCEN (ugL)
200
7 14
6
LOCATION OF
HAXIMUM CONCEN
B-104A MU-llB HU-4A B-104A HU-4A HU-4A 8102B MU-5BshyMU-llC HU-2A HU-1A MU-1A B-102B MU-4A
B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-102B B-104B MU-IA B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B B-104B MU-3C B-104B B-101B B-104B MU-4A
CHEMICAL CLASS
Volatiles
Semi-Volatiles
raquo-bull
O bullCfc
CHEHICAL
Toluene Total Xylenes Benzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methylene Chloride Carbon Disulfide Chloroform 2-Hexanone Vinyl Chloride 12-Dichloroethene (total) 2-Butanone Trichloroethene Styrene
Naphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Dibenzofuran Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anth racene Chrysene Beruo( b) f I uoranthene Benzo( k) f I uoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenod 23-cd)pyrene Benzoic Acid Benzo(gh Dperylene Dibenz(ah)anthracene
NUMBER OF DETECTIONS laquo OF SAMPLES
2158 1858 1658 1858 558 358 258 558 358 258 158 158 458 458
1658 1258 1158 1258 758 1258 358 1258 1058 1158 1158 858 1058 958 558 858 458 558 158 458 258
FEDERAL DRINKING UATER
STANDARDS (ugD
2000 PMCL 10000 PMCL
5 MCL 700 PMCL
100 NIPDUR 2 MCL
5 HCL
5100 PMCL
2000 LTHA mdash
L
01 THCL 02 HCL 02 THCL 02 THCL 02 THCL
04 THCL
03 TMCL
VERMONT PRIMARY GROUNOUATER QUALITY STANDARDS (ugL)
24201210 400200 505
680340 525
2002 7035 505 505
mdash
H r ^ 1
GROUNOUATER TABLE 4-22 (Continued)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERHONT
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING GROUNOUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEHICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCEN UELL HU-05 CONCEN HAXIHUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL laquo OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
PesticidesPCBs Hethoxychlor 358 05-625 32-510 191 B-102B 400 PMCL 340170 Endosulfan I 258 005-625 28-38 10 B-104B Dieldrin 158 01-125 58 B-102B 2 LTHA 00020002 Endrin Ketone 158 01-125 35 B-102B alpha-BHC 158 005-625 66 B-104B Endrin 158 01-125 27 B-104B 2 THCL 44-DOT 158 01-125 14 B-104B 44 -ODD 158 01-125 18 HU-11B
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to the following hierarchy
HCL B Haxinun Contaminnnt Level PMCL E Proposed Maximum Contaminant Level
I THCL gt Tentative Maximum Contaminant Level O NIPDUR s National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation
LTHA E Longer-Term Health Advisory (70 kg adult) L B Listed for regulation
Source US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Groundwater Quality Standards (Enforcement StandardPreventive Action Limit) from State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resourclt^s Department of Environnental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
CROUNDUATER TABLE 4-ZS
INORGANIC CHEMICALS DETECTED IN GROUND UATER PINE STREET CANAL SITE BURLINGTON VERMONT
(SEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC FEDERAL VERMONT PRIMARY CONTRACT RANGE OF MEAN OF MEAN OF LOCATION DRINKING CROUNDUATER
NUMBER OF REQUIRED DETECTED OFF-SITE DETECTED OF UATER QUALITY CHEMICAL DETECTIONS QUANTITATION CONCENCEN UELLS MU-05 CONCEN MAXIMUM STANDARDS STANDARDS CLASS CHEMICAL i OF SAMPLES LIMIT (ugL) (ugL) (ugL) CONCEN (ugL) (ugL)
Inorganics AlumirwjB 5555 200 77-1100000 11451 50066 MU-2B Antimony 1755 60 139-400 36 302 MU-2B 105 TMCL Arsenic 5255 10 24-934 211 32 U-4 50 NIPDUR 5025 Barium 5555 200 321-2970 201 353 MU-2B 5000 PMCL 1000500 Berylliua 1155 5 15-248 36 39 HU-2B 1 TMCL Cadaiiua 255 5 139-410 239 HU-1A 5 P M a 5025 Calciua 5555 5000 9490-1400000 138534 131076 MU-8A mdash Chromium 4455 10 67-1900 537 87 MU-2B 100 P M a 502S Cobalt 4655 50 39-929 259 67 HU-2B Copper 4655 25 49-1940 500 105 MU-2B 1300 PMCL Iron 5555 100 116-2160000 55482 135950 MU-2B - Lead 5255 5 23-822 296 58 MU-2B 5 P M a 2010 Hagrtesiua 5555 5000 10700-666000 47491 66803 HU-2B Hanganese 5555 15 236-45400 2991 10702 HU-2B
I Hercury Nickel
2455 5055
02 40
020-97 71-2540
043 584
042 145
MU-IA MU-2B
2 PMCL 100 TMCL
2010 350175
Potassiua 5555 5000 2320-151000 11134 19208 MU-2B Silver 255 10 55-372 143 MU-IA 50 NIPDUR 5025 Sodium 5555 5000 17000-1380000 103381 280218 MU-5A Vanadiua 5255 50 26-1530 379 102 MU-2B L Zinc 5555 20 98-4710 131 372 MU-2B L Cyanide 1355 10 102-1260 588 MU-2B 200 TMCL 15477
Federal Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requircawnts (ARARs) listed were selected based on availability according to thlaquo folloMing hierarchy
M a gt MaximuB Contaminant Lewi PMCL bull Proposed Maximua Contaminant Level TMCL bull Tentativ Maximua Contaminant Level NIPDUR gt National Interim Primary Drinking Uater Regulation LTHA - Longer-Tena Health Advisory (70 kg adult) ltbull Listed for regulation
US EPA Office of Drinking Uater Drinking Uater Regulations and Health Advisories April 1990
Vermont Primary Crouidwater Quality Standards (Enforccawnt StandardPrevent iv Action Limit) from Stat of Verannt Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Chapter 12 Ground Uater Protection Rule and Strategy 1989
L
9 TABLE 4-3
AMBIENT AIR VOLATILE ANALYSES (ngSampIe Tube)
k ROUND ONE
bull Samole Tube Number Compound CRQL 001 002 003 003B 004
L Heptane 6U 7U 5U 18U 5U 1-heptene 5U 5U 5U 6J 5U
- Chloroform 4J 5U 4J 5J 4J
1 12dichloroethane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U
t 111-trichloroethane 14U 25U 15U lOU 26U Carbon tetrachloride 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U 12dichloropropane 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Trichloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Benzene IIU 12U lOU llOU 7U
l l f t
Tl
Bromoform 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Tetra chloroethene 5U 5U 5U 5U 5U Toluene 28U 21U 43U 810J 46U Chlorobenzene 5U 5U 5U lOU 5U Ethyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 270J 5U Xylene Total 30U 28U 26U 1300 J 15U 12dibromomethane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U Isopropyl benzene 5U 5U 5U 27U 5U
m Bromobenzene 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 13 dichloropropane 3U 3U 3U 3U 3U 3
t Dilution Factor 10 10 10 10 10
Date Sampled 724 724 724 724 724
bullc Date Analyzed 731 731 731 731 731
Sample Tubes 001002 003 were primary collection tubes 1 003B was a back-up tube ^ M
004 was a I blank 005MS matrix spike
1
005MS
8U 5U 6J
5U 15U 5U 5U
160 J 190J
5U 5U
380J 170 J
8J 16U 3U 7U 9J
3U
10
724
731
4-13
1
r TABLE 4-4
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
ROUND ONE
Samole Location
Compound AS-OOl AS-002 AS-003
T Naphthalene R 0230 0066 2-Methylnaphthalene 0080 0100 0032 Acenaphthene 0012 0015 0006 T Fluorene 0012 0013 0006 Phenanthrene 0021 0028 0009
t Anthracene R R 0095 Fluoranthene 0003 0006 R Pyrene 0002 0003 R
TOTALS 0130 0395 0214 Ti
ti R - Data rejected during validation process
monitoring Strong winds in a northsouth direction and very low temperatures contributed to low emissions and high dispersion
t
V 4-15
I
TABLE 4-5
AMBIENT AIR SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES (laquogm )
ROUND TWO
Sampl Location
Compound AS-005 AS-006 AS-007
Naphthalene 0260 0240 0220
J
T 2-Methylnaphthalene 0110 009 0087 Acenaphthene 0006 0003 0003 Fluorene 0006 0006 0006 Phenanthrene 0011 U 0009 Anthracene U U U Fluoranthene 0002 0002 U Pyrene 0003 0001 0001
J TOTALS 0398 0342 0326
J U - undetected
4-18
APPENDIX C
MampE First Report of
Injury
2It|e ^otnmonuiealtli of UKaBBactiuBettfi DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS - Department 101 600 Washington Street bull 7th Floor Boston Massachusetts 02111 DIA NO
EMPLOYERS FIRST REPORT OF INJURY FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Do Not File This Form Unless An Injury
Has Resulted in 5 Or More Lost Work Days
JCTIONS AND CODES ARE ON THE REVERSE SIDE PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
T 1 Employee Name (Last First Ml) 2 Home Telephone 1 Social Security Number
( bull ) shy
4 Home Addrsss (No amp Street City State Zip Cods) Sltantsl Status 8t1to o( Dependents
Osingle ^ U a f T i e d
7 Date of Hire (MMDDAY) 8 Date of BHIh (MMDDYY) 8 Sex 10 Hourly Wage
r E n D Female
11 Piece or Hourly Worker 12 Hours Worked Per Day 13 Days Worked Per Week 14 Avg 52-Week Wage $
L l Piece L J Hourly L J Estimated or D Actual
T IS Employer Name r u Federal Tax ID 16 Self-Insured D Yes D No
-17 Self-Insurer No
19 Emptoyer Address (No amp Street City State Zip Code) 20 Employer Telephone 21 Industry Code (See Back ot Form)
( )P
22 Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier Name and Address of Branch Rosponsit)le for This Case (Not Local Agent or Ac^usier)
R
T 23 Workers Compensation Policy Number 24 OSHA Case File Number
bullalaquoe of Injury (MMflJOYY) 26 Time of Injury 27 If Injured Has Died Enter Data d Death (MMDDYY)
T DAM DPM 28 Address Where Injury Occurred (It Different From 19 Above) 29 On Employers Premises 30 Employer Location Code
DYSS DNO
31 Did Employee Lose More Than 4 Hours of Work on Date of Injury T 32 Has Employee Lost 5 Days of Work [ J Yes L J No (If No DO NOT file this lorni) DYes D N O
33 Frst Lost Work Day (MMDDYY) 34 Fifth Lost Wortc Day (MMDCVYY)
35 Source of Injury or Illness (eg Machine Tool Substance etc) 36 Regular Occupatnn 37 Regular Occupation When Injured
Dves DNO 38 To Whom Was Injury or Illness Reported as Date Reported (MMDDYY)
40 Nature of Injury(ies) or Illness (Burn Fracture Cut etc)
i 41 Nature of Injury or Illness Code(s)
(See Back of Form)
42 Injured Body Pan(s) Description (Arm Leg Back etc) 43 Body Part Code(s)
(See Back of Forni)
44 Physician Name and Address 45 Hospital Name and Address
46 Desaibe How Injury or Illness Occurred (eg Struck by Fell from Exposed to )
T 47 If Employee Has Returned to Work 48 Returned to Regular Occupation
Dale of Return (MMA)0YY) DYBS D N O
reparers Name (Please Print Or Type) 50 Title
T SI Preparers Signature 52 Date Prepared (MMDDYY)
Disclosing Social Security Number Is voluntary It will be used to coordinate all filings with the Department of Industrial Accidents and to process your report
i
F I L I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S
T PURPOSE To report all al leged injuries result ing in 5 or more lost work days or death of Employee This form is nol an admission or denial by the Employer as to whether the
Employees al leged injury was compensable
W H E N TO FILE This form must be filed within 5 days (not including Sundays and holidays) of knowledge of any alleged injury from any source that results in 5 lost work days This
form should not be fi led until 5 days of work have been lost This form must be filed even though the Employer may believe that the Employee is not injured or that an injury is not raquobull
I related
WHERE TO FILE The original form should be mailed to the Department of Industrial Accidents at the address shown on the front of the form Copies must also be provide^ e
Employee and the Employers Workers Compensation Insurer
PENALTIES Each failure to file this form when required is punishable by a fine ol $10000
E M P L O Y E E S R I G H T S
IF YOU BELIEVE BENEFITS ARE DUE YOU UNDER THE WORKERS COMPENSATION LAW YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO FILE A CLWM WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C A U HSOO) 323-3249 9 AM to 5 PM M bull F
I N D U S T R Y C O D E S
T AgncuHure Forestry and Fishing 28 Chemicals and Allied Products Wholesale Trade 73 Business Services 01 Agncuturai Production-Crops 29 Petroleum and Coal Products 50 Wholesale Trade-Durable Goods 75 Auto Repair Senrtces and Parking 02 Agncultura Production-Livestock 30 Rubber and Misc Plastics Products 51 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable Goods 76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 07 Agnculturai Services 31 Leather and Leather Products 78 Motion Poures Retail Trade oe Forestry 32 Stone Clay and Glass Products 79 Amusement and Recreation Services 52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies
T 09 Fishing Hunting and Trapping 60 Health Sendees 33 Pnmary Metal Industries 53 General Merchandise Stores
81 Legal Services Mining 34 Fabncaied Metal Products 54 Food Stores 82 Educational Services 10 Metal Mining 35 Industnal Machinery and Eguipment 55 Automotive Dealers and Senke Stations S3 Social Services 12 Coal Mining 36 Electronic and Other Electric Eguipment 56 Apparel and Accessory Stores
13 Oil and Gas Extraction 84 Museums Botanical Zook)gkal Gardens
T 37 Transportation Eguipment 57 Furniture and Homefumishing Stores 66 Membership Organizations 14 Nonmetaliic Minerals Except Fuels 38 Instruments and Related Products 58 Eating and Drinking Places 87 Engineering and Management Services
Consiruciior 39 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 59 Miscellaneous Retail 88 Private Housenoids 15 General Building Contractors
Transportation and Pubiic Ulililies Finance Insurance and Real Estate 89 Services NEC I f Heavy Construction Ex Building
40 Railroad Transponation 60 Depository Institutions
T 17 Special Trade Contractors Public Administration
41 Local and InterurOan Passenger Transit 61 Nondepository Institutions 91 Executive Legislative and GeneralManulaclufing 62 Security and Commodity Brokers 42 Trucking and Warehousing 92 Justice Public Order and Safety 20 Food and Kindred Products 63 Insurance Carriers 43 U S Postal Sereice 93 Finance Taxation and Monetary Policy 21 Tobacco Products 64 Insurance Agents Brokers and Servk^ 22 Textile Mill Products 44 Water Transportation 94 Administration of Human Resources
T 65 Real Estate 45 Transportation by Air 95 Environmental Quality and Housing 23 Vpparel and Other Textile Products
46 Pipelines Except Natural Gas 67 Holding and Other Investment Offices 96 Administration of Economic Programs 24 Lumber and Wood Products 47 Transportation Services Senices 97 National Secunty and International Affairs 25 Furniture and Fixtures
26 Paper and Allied Products 48 Communications 70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places Nonclassifiable Establishments ^ 27 Printing and Publishing 49 Electric Gas and Sanitary Services 72 Personal Services 99 Nonclassifiable Establishments
N A T U R E OF I N J U R Y OR I L L N E S S C O D E S
100 Amputation or Enucleation 159 Other Infective Of Parasitic Disease 284 Byssinosis 510 Cerebrovascular ano other Conditions n o sphyxiB Sirangulaiion Etc Dermaiiiis 285 Siderosis
T of the Circulatory System
120 Burn (Heat) 180 Dermatitis UNS- 286 Silicosis 520 Complications Peculiar to Medical Care 130 Burn (Chemical) 183 Primary Infections cf the Skin 287 Other Pneumoconioses 140 Concussion 500 Efects 0Changes in 184 Other Sum Conditions 289 Pneumoconioses mith Tuoercukisis 160 ContusionCrushingBruise 185 Dermatitis Allergenic or Contact Nenwus Svsiem Conditions o Almosphenc Pressure 170 Cut Laceration Puncture
T 190 Dislocation
189 Skin ConditionNEC 560 Nervous System Conditions of UNS 240 Eflects of Environmental Heat Poisonmo Svslemic 200 Electric Shock Electrocution 561 Diseases of ihe Ceniral Nervous Sysiem 220 Effects of Exposure 10
270 Poisoning Sysiemic UNS 210 Fracture 562 Diseases of the Nerves and Low Temperatures 271 Due to TOXIC Materials 250 Henia Rupture Penpheral Ganglia 530 Eye other Diseases 0the Eye 272 Diseases o the Blood and Blood Fornimg Organs 300 Scratches Abrasions Neoplasm Tumor
310 Sprains Strains 273 Upper Respiratory Conditions 230 Heanng Loss or Impaimient
1 550 Neoplasm Tumor UNS 400 Uultpie Injuries 274 Influenza Pneumonia Etc 991 Heart Condition Includes Heal Attacn 531 Malignant 90C No Inju-y 276 Other Diseases o the Gasiro-lmestmal Tract
552 Benigr 320 Hemorrhoids 950 Damage to Prosthetic Devices 279 Other Toxic Elects o One System Only
Radiation Ejects 330 Hepatitis Serum and Infective 995 Othe- Iniuy NES Respiraiory Sysle-i Conditions pi 999 Non-eiassifiabie 290 Rafliaiion Efeas UNS 275 HepaiKis Toxic
1 570 Respiratory SysKT Conditions o UNS
lnfeve or Pa-asnic Disease 291 Non-loni2ing Radiation 571 Upper Respiratory 260 Inflammation oJoints Eic 150 Infective Of Parasitic Disease UNS 292 Microwave 572 Asthma Influenza Pneumonia 540 Mental Disofoers 151 Amebiasis
Pneumoconiosis 293 loncing RadiationmdashX-ray 152 Anthrax 900 No Illness
280 Pneumoconiosis 294 lorang Raaiaiion-lsolopes 153 Brucellosis
1 999 Nonciasshacie 261 Aluminosis 295 Welder 5 Flash 154 Can|uncvits and Ophthalmia
282 Anihracosis Other 990 Occupationai Disease NEC 156 Tetanus 17 T j ie j 3S5 283 Astwstosis 265 Carca Tunnel Svndrome 580 Symptoms anc lli-deine Conditions
B O D Y P A R T A F F E C T E D C O D E S
Head 160 Skull 340 Finger(S) 513 Kneeisl 100 Head UNS 198 Head Multiple 398 Upper Extremities Multiple 515 Lower Legisl 110 Bam 400 Trunk UNS 518 Legis) MuJtfpe 200 Neck amp Cervical Vertebrae
410 Abdomen Internal Organs 519 Legisi NEC I 120 Eans) UNS UPPER EXTREMITIES
1 520 AnkleisiInguinal Hernia 121 Eaisi External 300 Upper Extremities UNS 530 Foot or FeeNot Anide or Toes 420 Back 124 Ears| Interna 540 Toe(sl 310 Arm(S) UNS 430 ChestRibs Breastbone 130 Eveis 598 Lower Extrernines Multiple 311 Upper Arm(s) Internal Organs
140 Face UNS 700 MULTIPLE PARTS 313 Elbowisi 440 HipisiPelvis Organs and Buttocks
141 JaA Chin Appi-es wnen more than one major 450 Shouide-isl bodv part has been atlecied 144 Mouth amp Throat (vocal cords larynx) ^^^ Forearm(S) 498 TrunK Multiple sucn as an arm and a leg 318 Arm(s) Multiple 146 Nose LOWER EXTREMITIES NONCLASSIFIABLE
319 Armis) N E C M z FaceMultiple Paris 500 Lower Extremities UNS 999 Insutticien inlormaon to identity 149 Face NEC 320 Wrist(s) 510 Leglsi UNS par of body affected includes 150 Scaip 330 Handisi Not Wrist or Fingers 511 Thighisi damage o posiheic devices
bullUNS-UN= PpoundCIF IED N E C - N O T ELSEWHERE CUSSIF IEC
APPENDIX D
Cold Stress Procedure
COLD EXPOSURE
Exposure to temperatures at or below freezing can result in reduced mental alterness reduction in rational decision making loss of consciousness frostbite and trench foot
The following procedures are designed to prevent the deep body core temperature from falling below gS-S^F and to prevent cold injury to body extremities
Evaluation
A dry bulb thermometer and wind speed device shall be used to evaluate cold stress conditions
Monitoring shall be performed at a minimum prior to the start of work and midway through the operation
Monitoring results shall be used to generate the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) (see Table A)
Controls
When equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) fall below 20degF a ten minute warm-up break shall be provided after every 75 minutes of work
If work is performed continuously in equivalent chill temperatures (ECT) of lt_ 20degF then heated warming shelters shall be made available
Outdoor work activities shall be terminated whenever the equivalent chill temperature (ECT) is in the Increasing Danger or Great Danger regions
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hand Protection
If work is to be performed with bare hands for more than 20 minutes in an environment lt_ 60degF then warm air jets radiant heaters or contact warm plates shall be made available to keep workers hands warm
bull Gloves shall be worn when air temperatures fall below 60degF for ^ sedentary 40F for light and 20degF for moderate work
w bull Mittens shall be worn whenever air temperatures fall below OF
TOTAL BODY
bull Total body protection is required when work is to be performed in 1^ environments with temperatures pound 40degF
bull This body protection shall consist of clothing for the trunk and pp extremities and shall include an insulated head liner (providing
head ear and full face coverage) heavy socks insulated steel-toedsteel-shank boots insulated long underwear and insulated
body coveralls
ito I f the potential for clothing to become wet then the outer layer of
clothing shall be water repellent
Other Considerations
bull bull Shield the immediate work area with vehicles or tarps to reduce the
cooling effects of the wind ^ bull Individuals suffering from diseases or are taking medication which
interferes with normal body temperature regulation shall not be r allowed to work in temperatures lt 30degF
Protective clothing that becomes wet form either contact with water ^ or due to sweating greatly reduces insulating properties and
therefore shall be immediately replaced
B
TABLE A Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)
Actual Temperature Reading CF) Estimated Wind Speed 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 - ^ -50 -60
(in mph) Equivalent Chill Temperature (F) calm 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
5 48 37 27 16 6 -5 -15 -16 -36 -47 -57 -68 10 40 28 16 4 -9 -24 r -33 -A6 -58 -70 J -83 -95 15 36 22 9 -5 -18 ^ 5 -58 -72 r -85 -99 -112 20 32 18 4 -10 -25 -39 -53 -67 -82 -96 -110 -121 25 30 16 0 -15 -29 ^W -59 -74 -88 -104 -118 -133 30 28 13 -2 -18 -33 -48 -63 -79 -94 -109 -125 -140 35 27 11 -4 -20 -35 -51 -67 -82 -98 -113 -129 -145 40 26 10 -6 -21 -37 -53 -69 -85 -100 -116 -132 -148
LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER (Wind speeds greater In lt hr with dry skin Danger from freezing of Flesh may freeze within than 40 mph have little Maximum danger of exposed flesh within one 30 seconds addiiional effect) false sense of security minute
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at i iny point on this chart
Developed by US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA
APPENDIX E
Site Safety Signature Sheet
By my signature I certify that I have read understand and will abide by the Pine Street Canal Site Health amp Safety Plan
Printed Name Signature Representing Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Site Safety Officer