MICROSCOPYPORTFOLIO

By:Natalie Sanchez & Elisa Hyder

Red Stream

ABSTRACTEvery cell has its own structure, shape and form.

Because of this, cells react to chemicals in different ways since their individual structure and make-up

determine whether each cell is permeable or selectively permeable. In this slideshow, you will see the different cells that we observed, how they look in different magnifications, and how their structures affect different chemical reactions. We hope you will

get a better understanding of cells and how they work after going through this presentation.

RED ONION CELL:40x & 100x

Fig. 1A - 40x Fig. 1B - 100x

nuclei

RED ONION CELL:400x

The two substances inside of the onion cell that gives it its shape are the vacuole and the chloroplast. The

vacuole is also responsible for containing and storing water for the cell. The chloroplast is the home of the chlorophyll - the part that gives the plant its pigment & absorbs light

energy. Fig. 1C - 400x

Nucleus

Nucleus

CHEEK CELL:40x & 100x

Fig. 2A - 40x Fig. 2B - 100x

CHEEK CELL:400x

Fig. 2C - 400x

One of the reasons that the cheek cells differ from onion cells is that the cheek cells are a type of animal

cells. Unlike plant cells, the vacuole of a cheek cell serves a different

purpose - storing waste - and it is also a different figure. Also, cheek

cells do not have chloroplast. Remember, a plant cell has a cell wall and a cell membrane and animal cells have only a cell membrane, which is usually more permeable than the cell

wall is.

mm GRID:40x, 100x, 400x

mm grid 40x mm grid 100x mm grid 400x

To calculate how many micrometers (µm) are in one millimeter (mm). The answer to that is 1000. When going from a larger unit to a small one (mm to µm), multiply the first unit by the difference between the two. So, to estimate amount of millimeters that is in

one piece of the grid and multiply it by 1000.

about 4,000 µm about 250 µm about 100 µm

SIZE COMPARISON

Fig. 1A - 40xRed Onion Cell

Fig. 2A - 40xCheek Cell

From our calculations, we have concluded that the Red Union

Cell at 40x is approximately 750 µm, and the Cheek Cell at 40x is

approximately 200 µm.

SIZE COMPARISON

While zooming in, because the field of view was getting closer and more focused on one area, we measured less µm because we only saw a small section of the original

images caught at 40x. We measured more µm in the image of the onion cells taken at 40x because we were looking at the entire cell from a more distant view. That

is why as we measured the cells at a stronger magnitude, we measured less µm. To actually find the

amount of µm in the images we had to take the estimated number of mm in the images and multiply it

by 1,000 since there are 1,000 µm in one mm.

RED ONION CELL:100XBefore & After NaCl

Fig. 1B - 100x Fig. 3A - 100x NaCl

cell wall nucleus

cell wallnucleus

Nucleus Cell Wall

RED ONION CELL:400XBefore & After NaCl

Fig 1C - 400x Fig 3B - 400x NaCl

Nucleus Cell Wall Cell Wall

NaClEXPLANATION

The substances in a plant cell have a type of equilibrium to them. When a new substance is introduced, the cell balances it out. Plant cells also undergo a process called osmosis. During this process, water diffuses across a selectively permeable cell.

So, when the new substance was added under the cover slip, the amount of water inside the cell and the amount outside of the

cell became unbalanced. So, the cell underwent osmosis in order to allow water to pass through it. Because of the salt inside the water, salt also passed and spread throughout the membrane. We have concluded that the salt continued to absorb water already inside the cell, causing it to shrivel. That’s why the cell

membrane is pushing in, to protect the water.

MARINE CILIATES

QUESTION:

What are the smaller figures/substances we are able to see inside of the

marine ciliate?

Marine ciliates 400x

Example of figures in question

MARINE CILIATES

We both thought differently when it came to assuming what the tiny

organisms are. One of us thought that the little organisms were the ciliates that

made up a whole bunch of ciliates because we found out, from further

research that marine ciliates actually live in colonies. The other thought that the

little organisms were actually the ciliate’s cells, which is possible because ciliates

are single celled organisms.

Answer:

DIPLOCOCCUSPNEUMONIAE

QUESTION:

What harm can this bacterium do?

Diplococcus pneumoniae 400x

DIPLOCOCCUSPNEUMONIAE

Answer:

• Diplococcus pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that causes pneumonia in mice and humans. Diplococcus pneumoniae is also connected and may make humans

more susceptible to pneumonia, meningitis, and other bacteria-caused

diseases.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

•Elisa Hyder

•Natalie Sanchez

•Gamal Sherif

•Kenny Rochester

•Newon Dennis