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26 Jan 2017
Agrobiodiversity is a vital sub-set of biodiversity
Crop species / varieties
Wild harvested plants
Crops Wild Species (CWR)Landraces
Livestock and fish species
Biocontrol agents for crop/livestock pests
Soil organisms in cultivated areas
Pollinators
Agrobiodiversity
Crop Wild Relatives (CWR)
The Western Mediterranean Region is one
of the top biodiversity hotspots of Europe
barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)
olive (Olea europaea L.)
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)
almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.)
D.A. Webbsugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are those taxa
related to species (crops) with high socio-
economic importance
contain great genetic diversity than the crop species
have successfully colonized adverse habitats, and they are
repositories of beneficial traits lost by the crop species during
domestication and breeding
can contribute with useful genes:
(i) pest and disease resistance
(ii) abiotic tolerance (drought and salinity)
Crop Wild Relatives:
CWR are potential gene donors to a crop It is essential to understand the diversity and distribution of the CWR and how
closely a taxon is related to a crop for it to be considered a CWR
All are derived from the wild form
Study group: Sugarbeet speciesSUGARBEET
(Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris)
WILD FORM
(Beta vulgaris spp. maritima)
Sugarbeet is the primary crop in the genus Beta L.
Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris is divided into four
cultivar groups:leaf beet
garden beet
fodder beet
sugarbeet
Beta L. - Subfamily Betoidea
(Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily Betoideae:
Taxonomy and distribution
Beta-Patellifolia species from Portugal and Macaronesian
Islands. (A–B). Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (Portugal
mainland); (C–D). Patellifolia patellaris (Sagres, Portugal
Mainland); (E). P. procumbens (Cabo Verde); (F–G). B.
macrocarpa (Tavira, Portugal mainland).
How closely a taxon is related to a crop for be considered a CWR?
ROMEIRAS M.M., et al. 2016. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152456
“Em Portugal a informação encontra-se
dispersa (...) pelo que se justifica a atribuição de
um elevado grau de prioridade à realização do
inventário nacional”
Collaborative programme among most
European countries:
First step: getting data from National & European inventories
Getting data from biodiversity databases
� The centres of diversity are geographical areas where the genetic
diversity of the crop and wild species is still thought to be concentrated
� Discovering richest regions in terms of CWR, allow us to efficiently plan
conservation efforts to target them
� To gain insights into the effectiveness of ex-situ conservation efforts for
the priority CWR taxa, data are frequently extracted from GBIF
GBIF is one of the largest and most widely used
biodiversity databases, with the objective to
‘make the world’s primary data on biodiversity
freely and universally available via the Internet’
Getting data from biodiversity databases
Getting data from biodiversity databases
Getting data from biodiversity databases
Further informationother databases
Getting data from other databases
Patellifolia patellaris
Patellifolia webbiana
Patellifolia procumbens
Patellifolia:
Getting data from biodiversity databases
ROMEIRAS M.M., et al. 2016. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152456
Patellifolia can transmit traits providing resistance to serious diseases of sugarbeets:
sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)
leaf spot disease (Cercospora beticola Sacc.)
powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC.)
Getting data from biodiversity databases
CWR data extracted from GBIF: some examples
