Final Report on the Regional Meeting to evaluate the ... · Trade Bank of Venezuela (BANCOEX), the ... against poverty and ... peoples of both regions could be seriously hampered

Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe Latin American and Caribbean Economic System Sistema Econômico Latino-Americano e do Caribe Système Economique Latinoaméricain et Caribéen

Regional Meeting to evaluate the results of the V LAC-EU Summit Caracas, Venezuela 26 February 2009 SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/IF-09

Final Report on the Regional Meeting to evaluate the results of the V LAC-EU Summit

Copyright © SELA, February 2009. All rights reserved. Printed in the Permanent Secretariat of SELA, Caracas, Venezuela. The Press and Publications Department of the Permanent Secretariat of SELA must authorize reproduction of this document, whether totally or partially, through [email protected]. The Member States and their government institutions may reproduce this document without prior authorization, provided that the source is mentioned and the Secretariat is aware of said reproduction.


SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/IF-09

C O N T E N T S I. RAPPORTEUR’S REPORT 1 A. ORGANIZATION OF WORK 1 B. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12 Conclusions 12 Recommendations 13 ANEXOS: I. AGENDA 15 II. SPEECH BY HIS EXCELLENCY GERÓNIMO CARDOZO,

AMBASSADOR OF THE EASTERN REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY AND CHAIRMAN OF THE LATIN AMERICAN COUNCIL 19

III. SPEECH BY EYILDE MARGARITA GRACIA,

CHAIRWOMAN OF THE FOREIGN TRADE BANK (BANCOEX) OF THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA 25

IV. SPEECH BY AMBASSADOR JOSÉ RIVERA BANUET, PERMANENT SECRETARY OF THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM (SELA) 29 V. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 35 VI. LIST OF DOCUMENTS 45


1SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/IF-09

RAPPORTEUR’S REPORT

1. The Regional Meeting to evaluate the results of the V Summit between Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and the European Union (EU) took place in the headquarters of the Permanent Secretariat of SELA on 26 February 2009. 2. Delegations of the following Member States participated in the meeting: Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Participants also included representatives of the following regional organizations: Andean Community (CAN), Caribbean Community (CARICOM), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Andean Development Corporation (CAF), Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), Secretariat for Central American Integration (SIECA), and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR); representatives of the following international organizations accredited to Caracas: International Rural Housing Association (IRHA), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Organization for Migration (IOM), Organization of American States (OAS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the European Commission; officials of the Foreign Trade Bank of Venezuela (BANCOEX), the Central Bank of Venezuela (BCV); the ALBA Bank, and the Bank for Economic and Social Development of Venezuela (BANDES); international consultants Carlos Quenan, specialist of the Institute for Higher Studies on Latin America of the Sorbonne University (IHEAL), and Christian Ghymers, expert of the Centre of Studies for the Relations between the European Union and Latin America (CERCAL); the Permanent Secretary of SELA, Ambassador José Rivera Banuet, as well as officials of the Permanent Secretariat. The List of Participants is included in Annex V. 3. During the opening ceremony, speeches were delivered by His Excellency Gerónimo Cardozo, Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council; Ms. Eyilde Margarita Gracia, chairwoman of the Foreign Trade Bank of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; and Ambassador José Rivera Banuet, Permanent Secretary of SELA. Their speeches are included in Annexes II, III, and IV, respectively. The Chairman presented the draft agenda for the meeting, which was adopted without changes. The agenda, the base document for the meeting and the presentations are available on SELA’s Web page: www.sela.org. A. DEVELOPMENT OF WORK 4. In the First Session, “Evaluation of the results of the V Bi-regional Summit of Lima and prospects for the economic relations between the EU and LAC”, the Moderator was His Excellency Gerónimo Cardozo, Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council. The session started with the presentation of the document “Evaluation of the results of the V Latin America and the Caribbean-European Union Bi-regional Summit: Prospects and opportunities within the context of the international crisis” by the consultants, Carlos Quenan, specialist of the Institute for Higher Studies on Latin America of the Sorbonne University (IHEAL), and Christian Ghymers, expert of the Centre of Studies for the Relations between the European Union and Latin America (CERCAL).

Permanent Secretariat

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In their speeches, they underscored that the study starts by analyzing the current context of the economic relations between Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and the European Union, in order to make contributions towards the adoption of common positions by the region so that it can stand as an organized interlocutor vis-à-vis the EU. First, they made an evaluation of the results of the V LAC-EU Summit, held in Lima in May 2008, concluding that it had a net positive result in view of the added value of the fact that the region acted in a joint manner in the midst of the negotiations conducted at the summit. In this regard, they said that the summit was highly positive for the countries of the region to face, under better conditions, the drastic changes resulting from the world crisis as well as the demands in foreign competition and the challenges derived from the flaws in the international economic system. Among the positive results, consultants underscored the following: First, a very large number of Heads of State and Government participated in the summit (only the British Prime Minister failed to attend), which reveals that this event complies with its objective to provide a space to evaluate the status of biregional relations and to set major guidelines for their future management. Second, the meeting concluded with a better structured and more coherent common declaration than the previous one, which shows the existence of a constructive dialogue and a consensus as regards fundamental aspects. The event successfully reached a sound and specific agreement among 60 sovereign States with a high degree of heterogeneity, with a 17-page text that deals with such sensitive problems as the partnership agreements with the EU, and other two issues included in the agenda: fight against poverty and sustainable development. Third, for the first time ever, this summit included two explicit agendas aimed at taking action as regards the two central topics of the summit. The agenda on fight against poverty also included the possibility to open up new forms of biregional cooperation in the area of social policies, and to outline concrete additional goals for the Latin American and Caribbean countries. Fourth, another positive aspect is the approach on a coordinated biregional work based on the existing sectoral dialogues and, in case it is necessary, the possibility to open up new sectoral dialogues in order to comply with the agendas. Fifth, participants managed to build a consensus of shared responsibility in spite of the differences and asymmetries existing between Latin America and the Caribbean and the EU. Significantly, this principle has gained ground in all fields, but it is formally explicit in two sensitive areas in terms of sovereignty: migrations and fight against drugs. Sixth, also noteworthy is the concept of flexibility introduced with respect to the pending negotiations to conclude the partnership agreements, particularly in the case of the Andean Community of Nations (CAN). On the one hand, flexibility is required by relatively less developed countries as regards the possibility of introducing in the corresponding agreement multiple speed criteria and mechanisms that take due account of the existing asymmetries in their relations with the EU countries. But on the other hand, flexibility is also required as regards the possibility to make progress with agreements between the EU and those countries that are in conditions and willing to do so.



Seventh, another positive aspect is the project of the Euro-Latin American foundation as a tool for diagnosis and follow-up of biregional relations and the agendas agreed upon. And eighth, mention must also be made of the EUrocLIMA programme, which will help to share knowledge, foster a well-structured dialogue and ensure synergies as regards environmental issues. Referring to the negative aspects or shortcomings of the Summit, participants underscored that the first negative aspect would be the exaggeratedly declarative and abstract nature of the final Declaration and the evident lack of action plans that can be understood and followed by the citizens with respect to the agreements entered into. Thus, reducing the accumulated democratic deficit at the Summits represents a greater challenge for the future of biregional relations and to successfully build a strategic alliance between LAC and the EU. Therefore, participants said that it is imperative to expand citizens’ participation through the appropriate channels, to make the results of Summits and their agenda more visible and tangible, and to improve mutual knowledge; that is, to ensure a rapprochement of the peoples of both regions. Another important flaw highlighted by consultants is the regional institutional asymmetry between LAC and the EU, which reinforces the asymmetry in terms of cooperation experiences among countries in one same region. They said that even though it is a deep structural difference, it is clear that the LAC region must conceive a strategy to be able to overcome the lack of coordination that prevents it from taking full advantage of the biregional negotiations. Finally, they said that the Lima Summit should have placed more emphasis on the follow-up mechanisms. The document analyzes the status of the trade negotiations between the two regions, its results and prospects and, particularly, the tendencies of economic relations between the two regions, both at the level of trade exchanges and European investments flows towards the region, as well as the situation of the partnership agreements that have already been signed, or are being negotiated, among countries or groups of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean with the EU. Finally, consultants presented some lines of action which SELA could encourage in order to strengthen biregional relations within the context of the current international crisis, including the following: (i) To open up a sectoral macro-financial dialogue. This instrument would play a very beneficial two-fold role for the region: to foster coordination and search for agreed upon positions among LAC countries and, by capitalizing on the relation with the EU, to give LAC countries a higher profile in the reform of a system that makes them victim of the crisis. (ii) To develop a true common strategy of “cooperation for competitiveness” both to reach balanced partnership agreements with the EU, and to ensure the social progress of LAC peoples. In this connection, a reorientation of the cooperation component with the EU towards the design of a plan on LAC competitive integration is imperative in order to prevent nationalist dispersion of the opportunities offered by the largest contributor in the world of aid for development.


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(iii) To promote rapprochement among peoples and improve mutual understanding through a historic sectoral dialogue concerning common values and identity. The fact that the upcoming Summit in Spain coincides with the celebration of various independence bicentenaries in Latin America offers a great opportunity to hold events with a high degree of visibility and citizens’ participation. (iv) To seriously deal with the problem of migrations. Precisely, the rapprochement of the peoples of both regions could be seriously hampered by some after-effects of the international economic crisis; i.e., the worsening of existing tensions between the two regions on the issue of migration. Therefore, this issue should be urgently and properly addressed. Finally, they made an analytically description of some proposals for strategies in ALC to boost its preparation and interaction with its European counterparts, ahead of the Madrid Summit in 2010. In view of the institutional and organizational asymmetry between the two partners – a well-structured EU versus a heterogeneous group of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean – the countries of the region should urgently take initiatives to get truly organized ahead of the next LAC-EU Summit. This means that LAC ought to work on the diplomacy of Summits with the EU by means of specific mechanisms of preparation and follow-up, not only in LAC, but also at the biregional level. In this connection, they said it is urgent to devise and implement formulas aimed at organizing and preparing for the next Summit and following up the Lima agenda. 5. The Chairman thanked consultants for the presentation of the base document for the meeting and invited the delegations of the Member States to express their views in this regard. 6. The Delegation of Nicaragua said that agricultural and food issues should play a fundamental role in the dialogue on the crisis. It went on to provide figures that revealed the dramatic situation of the food sector at the global and regional levels. For instance, the delegation pointed out that the countries that account for two-thirds of the agricultural and food production of the world are suffering serious droughts, which have led to hunger and extreme poverty in our nations, including Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Chile, which are being hardly hit. The delegation reiterated that this must be a central topic in the bilateral LAC-EU relations, emphasizing that SELA must work to prepare the region for the VI LAC-EU Summit and to follow up the implementation of the results of the Lima Summit. To this end, the delegation recommended the Permanent Secretariat of SELA to contact the EU authorities in charge of foreign relations with LAC and to hold a consultation and coordination meeting with the countries of the region, ahead of the VI LAC-EU Summit. 7. The Delegation of Mexico congratulated SELA and said the Permanent Secretariat should continue to work on the analysis of LAC-EU relations and the preparation for the VI biregional Summit to be held in Madrid in 2010. Referring to this Summit, the delegation said its central topic has apparently already been defined: “Technology and productive development”, and if that was the case, most of the issues dealt with in this meeting would be left out of the Madrid Summit. In this connection, the delegation said it was important to submit the ideas being discussed in this event to the preparatory meeting with high-level officials or national coordinators, to be held in mid-March in Buenos Aires. It also said it is fundamental to determine which subjects we can discuss in Madrid, and which subjects we should push to include in the debates of the VI Summit or in the permanent dialogue between LAC and the EU. Finally, the delegation ratified its conviction that SELA is a suitable institutional channel with a regional scope to support the



preparation of Latin America and the Caribbean ahead of the VI Summit, underscoring the importance of relations with the Rio Group, which has been strengthened with the recent inclusion of Cuba, and could easily improve its relations with the Permanent Secretariat ahead of the VI biregional Summit. 8. The Delegation of Guyana praised SELA’s role in coordinating and harmonizing the our region’s positions, underscoring that, in view of its Latin American and Caribbean scope, the organization can make valuable contributions in this regard, particularly at a time in which it has been acknowledged that coordination among the various regional groups has not been very effective. It also noted that it is necessary to take advantage of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs), such as videoconferences, which could help the Generals Secretariats of the various regional groups to interact on a regular basis. With respect to “lobbying” by the representatives of the region in Brussels, the delegation regretted the fact that it has not been very effective, underscoring the need for specialization among the representatives, as is the case in CARICOM, where each Head of State or Government is specialized in a thematic area, citing the example of the President of Guyana, who takes care of the area of agriculture. Next, the delegation referred to the problems of Haiti, saying they continue to be severe problems and that a large part of the aid offered by the international community to alleviate them has not been effectively delivered. Finally, the delegation considered it was important for the meeting to make a statement on the need for the European Union to comply with its assistance commitments to Haiti. 9. The Delegation of Brazil congratulated SELA on the organization of the event as well as the consultants for their excellent work. The Brazilian delegation endorsed Mexico’s view, saying that if a central topic for the next LAC-EU Summit in Madrid has already been defined, it would be necessary to rethink the region’s strategy as regards the issues to be discussed in this meeting and to present to the Summit. Referring to the forums that follow up the biregional summits, the delegation suggested to include in the document the meeting of high-level officials held in November 2008 to evaluate the V Summit that took place in Lima. The delegation considered that the section of the document drafted by the Permanent Secretariat of SELA that analyzes the biregional relations within the context of the current international crisis was very interesting. In this connection, the delegation underscored the importance of analyzing the impact of the financial crisis in ALC, because even though there are no serious structural problems which could jeopardize the stability of financial institutions in most of our countries, the economies of the region are actually very vulnerable to the crisis. The delegation referred to the issue of trade, saying that if the current crisis generates strong protectionist trends in the EU and the rest of the foreign partners of Latin America and the Caribbean, there could be very negative and dangerous impacts, not only on the region but on the whole global economy. In view of its significance, such a problem would force the region to outline new guidelines for the cooperation efforts between the EU and LAC proposed by SELA: i.e., strengthening the dialogue about trade relations in order to avoid the emergence of protectionist pressures by all means. The delegation also emphasized the importance of other issues such as cooperation financing and migrations, as reckoned by SELA. The delegation underscored that if the VI Summit is to provide opportunities, the issue of trade must be a fundamental part of its agenda. Finally, it said that Brazil would like to resume the dialogue and trade negotiations between the EU and MERCOSUR, as well as the work to be conducted with a view to implement and follow up the agreements that are adopted within the framework of the biregional Summits.


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10. Consultants Christian Ghymers and Carlos Quenan thanked for the comments and remarks made by the representatives of the Member States on the base document, and expressed their opinions as regards some of those concrete comments. With respect to the possibility that a central topic for the VI Summit may have already been chosen, they said that, if that were the case, as part of the thematic areas proposed by SELA for the dialogue between LAC and the EU, it would be necessary to attach greater importance to the issues referred to cooperation for systemic competitiveness within the context of the key subjects to coordinate the biregional dialogue. 11. Mr. Rudolf Buitelaar, Chief of the Project Management Unit of the Division of Programmes and Operations Planning of the Executive Secretariat of ECLAC, congratulated SELA for convening this meeting and for the document it presented. Afterwards, Buitelaar dealt with the cooperation activities conducted by the organization to follow up the results of the LAC-EU Summits and to support the region in its preparation for such summits. He highlighted the importance of these Summits for the relations between Latin America and the Caribbean and the EU, saying that they contribute “to counterbalance” the relations between both regions. He said that, in his opinion, the central topic of the VI Summit should refer to issues related to development, and therefore choosing issues related to technology and competitiveness as the main topic for the discussions in Madrid would be very useful for Latin America and the Caribbean. 12. In the Second Session, “The perspective of the governments of Chile and Mexico, and subregional organizations, of the future of LAC-EU relations”, the moderator was His Excellency, Richard Paul McPhail, Ambassador of the Republic of Grenada and First Vice Chairman of the Latin American Council. a) Perspectives of Chile and Mexico

13. Mr. Rolando Drago Rodríguez, Ambassador of the Republic of Chile to Venezuela, made an assessment of the Partnership Agreement signed by Chile and the European Union. During his presentation Ambassador Drago highlighted that based on the First Meeting of the European Union – Latin American and Caribbean (LAC-EU) Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1999, and the Joint Communiqué signed there, Chile and the European Union reaffirmed their commitment to materialize an Political and Economic Partnership Agreement that would strengthen all areas of cooperation, including the political realm, as well as recover the EU’s traditional privileged trading position with Chile, and increase investment levels. The Second LAC-EU Summit held in Madrid in May 2002 also focused on conversations with Chile, and after close to 10 rounds of negotiations that took place in the course of two years, the Partnership Agreement was finally signed in November 2002. From the very beginning, Chile saw the Partnership Agreement with the European Union as the broadest, most innovative Agreement signed between a developing country and a group of developed countries. That perspective has been strengthened since the Agreement came into force. The Agreement is more than just a Free Trade Agreement. As such, it goes beyond purely commercial aspects, incorporates a democratic clause, and generates a society based on the convergence of common values, such as human rights, peace and security, sustainable development, and the fight against terrorism and drug trafficking. For this purpose, the Agreement creates an institutional dynamics.



The economic component of the Agreement establishes a dispute settlement mechanism, along with a set of common rules regarding trade in goods, services and investments, discipline over payments and capital movements, competition, intellectual property and public contracting. The political component is based on a dialogue whose main purpose is to promote, disseminate, develop and defend democratic values, especially the respect for human rights, personal freedom, and the rule of law. Ambassador Drago also indicated that this mechanism has allowed Chilean investors to participate in projects in some countries of the European Union that amounted to almost US$ 600 million, according to 2008 figures. The main European countries where these projects are taking place include Spain, Belgium, Malta, Germany, Latvia and Italy. The main sector for investments is services (82%), followed by industry (18%). Similarly, Ambassador Drago Rodríguez expressed that political dialogue within the framework of the Agreement has been smooth and extensive. In this regard, he referred to the point raised at the recently held meeting of the Association Committee where both parties declared that this instrument had been consolidated “as the central element of our bilateral relations because it is an effective coordination tool and a factor for dynamism in all the facets of our relation”. The same meeting also served to verify the efforts aimed at fulfilling the commitment assumed to reinforce bilateral coordination in multilateral forums pertaining to matters of mutual interest. 14. The Mexican delegation also made remarks and highlighted the main aspects of the negotiations on the Partnership Agreement between Mexico and the European Union, which covers three main topics: political dialogue, economic association (free trade agreement), and cooperation. Mexico also underscored the experiences that have taken place since the Agreement began. Mexico stressed that this process has allowed for the consolidation of political, economic and technical relations in a way that led the European Commission to send a letter in July 2008 to the Council. This letter included a recommendation to raise relations with Mexico to a “Strategic Partnership” level. In January 2009, the European Parliament welcomed this decision by stating that “Mexico is the only country in the world that is a strategic partner of the European Union and has at the same time an Agreement for Economic Association, Political Coordination and Cooperation that includes a Free Trade Agreement.” The Strategic Partnership between Mexico and the EU will lead to better and stronger relations, and will provide a new boost to bilateral cooperation. Similarly, it will promote cooperation and coordination between the two parties in multilateral aspects, security issues, human rights, education and culture, and economic and commercial matters. Since it entered into force in July 2000, the Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and the European Union has generated important growth in trade flows and bilateral investment. The European Union has consolidated itself as Mexico’s second largest trading partner and its second most important source of foreign investment. Bilateral trade reached a historical level of over US$ 50 billion in 2007, taking into consideration import figures from each party, which represents almost a 172% growth compared to 1999, the year before the Free Trade Agreement was implemented. The significance of this extraordinary growth becomes even stronger when considering that the EU’s trade with the rest of the world increased 93% during the same period. Mexican exports to the EU increased 209% during that period, amounting to US$ 16 billion dollars in 2007. Thus, the EU market has become the second most important destination for


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Mexican exports. On the other hand, imports grew 157% (34 billion dollars) and three fourths of said imports are intermediary goods, and machinery and equipment. In October 2008, combined trading figures totaled US$ 49.5 billion dollars (19% more than in October 2007). Mexican exports increased 20% and reached US$ 16.3 billion, and its imports from the EU grew 18% reaching US$ 33.2 billion compared to the same date in the previous year. On the other hand, the relative weight of European investments in Mexico has progressively increased, and today it accounts for 34% of Mexico’s total FDI. The bulk of European investments goes to manufacturing activities (38%, especially the processed foods, chemicals and automobile industry realms), financial services, and other services. With regard to economic cooperation, the results are encouraging and Mexican and European authorities continue to reinforce joint cooperation, especially by promoting and supporting production sectors in both nations so they can better use the vast business potential offered by the Free Trade Agreement and advance business alliances. In particular, Mexico’s Ministry of Economy and the European Commission have begun the implementation of two economic cooperation programmes: the Comprehensive Programme to Support Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (PIAPYME, Spanish acronym), with funding of 24 million euros, and the Project to Facilitate the Free Trade Agreement Between Mexico and the EU (PROTLCUEM, Spanish acronym), with funding of 16 million euros. In both cases, the Mexican and European governments will contribute 50% of the financing. During their remarks, the Mexican delegation mentioned the results of the implementation of the Partnership Agreement regarding small- and medium-sized enterprises, customs equipment, technical norms, health and phytosanitary measures, consumer protection, intellectual property and competition, which they considered to be satisfactory thus far. 15. The Chairman thanked the Chilean and Mexican delegations for their remarks and invited other delegations to share their opinions on the topics raised. 16. The delegation of Guyana stated that the remarks made by the Chilean delegation are crucial to matters that CARICOM needs to learn for its Agreement with the EU, such as the negotiations that Chile and the EU have had on liberalization and integration of financial markets. The second point raised by the delegation of Guyana is the incorporation of the development dimension to relations with Europe, which includes both trade and the mainstays of political dialogue and cooperation. The latter is also crucial, both in Mexico’s and Chile’s case, for the required process of expansion of political relations, for example of Chile and Mexico with Caribbean countries. Guyana’s delegation also highlighted as a very important point for CARICOM countries to study the experiences derived from the agreements signed between Chile and Mexico and the European Union to increase European investment in the two Latin American nations. 17. The Mexican delegation offered full availability of its authorities and officers to transfer and share its experiences with other countries in the region. Similarly, Mexico stated that in addition to business people, civil society and governments, it is crucial to include academicians and parliament officials in all discussions and outlining of foreign affairs policies.



b) Perspectives of subregional integration organizations

18. The delegation of the Andean Community took the floor and said that the General Secretariat of that integration scheme has begun to consider the development of a form of integration much closer to the population, the people and society, aimed at satisfying the requirements of its hundreds of millions of residents. The CAN delegation also put forward the dilemma that questions if what is really wanted is solidarity schemes or schemes where particular interests regarding solidarity abound. It highlighted the need to think of an integration process such as the one taking place within the framework of the Andean Community, which benefits citizens through more cohesion, inclusion and participation. With regard to the topic of the VI Summit, the delegation said that if the topic is going to be technology and productive development, it must be considered under a more human and less economic and commercial perspective. Afterwards, it provided details of the support actions that the Andean Community has implemented to benefit its member countries and its relations with the EU. Lastly, it highlighted some topics that the Andean Community has been working on within the framework of its relations with the EU, such as harmonization of macroeconomic policies, immigration, cooperation and social participation. With regard to the latter, it concluded that “without civil society, without the possibility of having consultations with it, it is a little harder to craft integration”. 19. Afterwards, Ambassador Colin Granderson, Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Foreign and Community Relations (CARICOM), delivered a presentation titled “CARICOM Results of the V LAC-EU Summit”, which began with a list of positive results that CARICOM derived from the V LAC Summit, including the importance of Special and Differential Treatment for less developed countries (LDCs) when implementing EPAs (Economic Partnership Agreements). Ambassador Granderson also reiterated CARICOM’s concern regarding the urgent need to hone coordination mechanisms in Latin America in view of the process of LAC-EU Summits. In this regard, he stressed that up to date inefficient coordination has resulted in small states not being duly considered in the deliberations held in these summits. Similarly, Ambassador Granderson highlighted that the preparation process for the VI LAC-EU Summit should include and set as a priority spaces for political dialogue, such as was the case in the First Latin American and Caribbean Summit for Integration and Development (CALC by its initials in Spanish), held in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in December 2008, and is projected to take place in the Ministerial Meeting to be held in Jamaica in 2009. With regard to technical matters, he highlighted, among other points, the need to have analytical and coordination work that should be developed by SELA. 20. Subsequently, José Carlos García, Advisor to the Secretary-General of SIECA of the Secretariat for Central American Economic Integration (SIECA, Spanish acronym), delivered a presentation titled “Partnership Agreement between Central America and the European Union”. This presentation highlighted that Central America and the European Union have begun negotiations for signing a Partnership Agreement, which would include a Free Trade Area and would also replace the San José Dialogue (political dialogue), the 2003 Framework Cooperation Agreement (cooperation) and the current Generalized System of Preferences (GSP+) governing trade relations between the European Union (EU) and Central America (CA). García underscored that regional integration is one of the priorities of the common agenda, and that the Customs Union is a fundamental aspect of the integration process. Next, he explained the objectives of the Partnership Agreement and the methodology foreseen for its implementation, which is based on holding rounds in other locations in Central America and Brussels. Finally, García


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described the three pillars of the aforementioned relation: the political, cooperation and commercial pillars. 21. His Excellency, Ambassador Emilio Giménez, Paraguay’s Permanent Representative to MERCOSUR, currently the Pro Tempore President of MERCOSUR, made remarks regarding the relations and ongoing negotiations between MERCOSUR and the European Union. He stated that the relation between both parties has been strengthened since the Inter-Regional Framework Cooperation Agreement was signed in Madrid in December 1995. This Agreement is based on respect for democratic principles and fundamental human rights, an essential element of the Agreement, and aims at strengthening the existing relation between the Parties and preparing the suitable conditions to create an Inter-Regional Association. Ambassador Giménez also mentioned certain topics from the international agenda of interest to both parties which should be discussed regarding political dialogue, including migration, disarmament, and inter-regional cooperation in areas such as poverty, environment, agriculture, sustainable development, renewable energy sources and social cohesion, among others. Similarly, Ambassador Giménez informed that important cooperation has been developed within the framework of the Madrid Agreement based on the priorities agreed in the latter that have contributed to MERCOSUR’s institutional structure. He added that the Agreement has translated into cooperation projects for MERCOSUR’s Parliament, Secretariat and dispute settlement system, as well as for topics pertaining to customs, technical rules and regulations, statistics, and macroeconomic coordination, among others. During his remarks, Ambassador Giménez underlined the difficulties currently faced by the negotiation process of a Partnership Agreement between both parties. He informed that after 16 negotiation rounds, progress was made in the first two chapters of the Agreement, political dialogue and cooperation, and that even when there are pending elements that have to undergo negotiations, it can be said that almost all of the goals established for both chapters have been reached. Notwithstanding, Ambassador Giménez stressed that the commercial chapter has faced certain problems that have prevented the conclusion of negotiations of the Partnership Agreement. In addition to the difficulties inherent to any negotiation process, other difficulties have arisen that have affected negotiations, such as the situation resulting from the Doha Round at the WTO and the current international crisis. From MERCOSUR’s standpoint, these difficulties are mainly based on agricultural trade, services, government purchases, investment and intellectual property, in addition to some topics related to the origin of merchandise, fishing, certificate of origin, and transportation and cabotage. Thus, Ambassador Giménez pointed out that the EU claims bigger concessions regarding investments, services and industrial products, while MERCOSUR expects fundamental changes in subsidy policies for exports and agricultural production and claims bigger concessions in sectors of interest. However, the relation between MERCOSUR and the European Union has continued to evolve in other areas and within the framework of the Madrid Agreement, in hopes of having negotiations between both parties on the Partnership Agreement yield other scenarios to develop the Agreement.



During this remarks, Ambassador Giménez highlighted that MERCOSUR has stated its concerns about the development of immigration issues in the EU, and the consequences of applying this policy on citizens not only of MERCOSUR member countries, but also citizens of other Latin American and Caribbean countries. The immigration topic is a permanent topic in MERCOSUR’s political dialogue agenda, and a source of discrepancy with the European Union. Finally, Ambassador Giménez said that MERCOSUR has a good relation with the European Union and this relation is expected to continue to consolidate and deepen. He also stated that it is expected that as soon as the conditions are suitable, negotiations on the Partnership Agreement should conclude and the already important relation between both regions should acquire a new dimension. 22. The Chairman thanked the representatives from subregional integration organizations for their interesting presentations and invited the delegations to engage in a debate in this regard. 23. The Argentinean delegation highlighted the importance of this meeting, and confirmed that the Argentinean Embassy will provide support so that all discussions and presentations that took place in this SELA event will be sent to the pertinent authorities in Argentina for the purposes of the next meeting of high-level officials that will take place in Buenos Aires. In this regard, the Argentinean delegation indicated it would be convenient to have SELA’s Permanent Secretariat attend said meeting so that it can transmit to delegates from countries across the region the conclusions and recommendations stemming from this meeting. The Argentinean delegation also underscored the difficulties faced in the negotiations between MERCOSUR and the European Union regarding agriculture, and considered the migration issue to be one of the priority topics for the next Summit. 24. The Venezuelan delegation made clear that the topic of the next VI Summit has not yet been defined, and congratulated SELA for organizing this important meeting that has gathered very detailed and accurate information on the status of biregional relations, as well as information derived from the experiences of previous negotiations. The Venezuelan delegation estimated that the Buenos Aires preparatory meeting will be a good opportunity to define the topics of the next Summit and proposals on how to work toward the next biregional LAC-EU Summit. 25. The delegation of Guyana highlighted the importance of the limitations and vulnerabilities of small economies, and in this regard it underscored the interest of improving statistical information on Caribbean economies and their relation with the European Union. 26. The Bolivian delegation pointed out that the presentation delivered by the Andean Community representative did not include the serious limitations and problems currently present in the negotiations between CAN and the EU, including limitations pertaining to the participation of Latin American delegates. Similarly, it emphasized the need for the immigration issue to be an essential part of the agenda of the next Summit in Madrid. With regard to immigration, the Bolivian delegation highlighted the discriminatory nature and measures recently adopted by the EU against immigrants that apparently have an irregular status. In order to emphasize its opinions in this regard, the delegation reminded and read and declaration adopted by UNASUR which condemns unilateral and criminal measures adopted by EU countries against immigrants. In this sense, the


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delegation proposed that as a result of the meeting, a declaration condemning said measures by the EU should be adopted. 27. The Brazilian delegation reminded the attendants that the issue of immigration was thoroughly analyzed during the Summit held in San Salvador de Bahia. B. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS After concluding the debates, participating delegations agreed on the following conclusions and recommendations. The delegations of Chile and Brazil proposed to forward these conclusions and recommendations – along with the final report of the meeting – to their corresponding authorities in order to consider the proposals included in them. CONCLUSIONS Participants in the Regional Meeting to evaluate the results of the V LAC-EU Summit took note with interest of the document prepared by the Permanent Secretariat titled “Evaluation of the results of the V Latin America and the Caribbean-European Union Bi-regional Summit: Prospects and opportunities within the context of the international crisis” (SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/DT No 2 - 09), which provided analyses of the current status of the relations between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union that served as the basis for the discussions that were held by the representatives of the Member States of SELA. 1. The delegates congratulated the Permanent Secretariat for the study submitted in

view of its valuable analyses and proposals, underscoring the usefulness of the analyses made during the presentations – and the subsequent debates – by the representatives of the Secretariats of ECLAC, the Andean Community, CARICOM, SIECA and MERCOSUR. They also expressed their recognition for the presentations delivered by the Ambassadors of the Republic of Chile and the United States of Mexico, on behalf of their governments, which dealt with the current status and prospects of the relations of those two countries with the European Union.

2. The meeting dealt with the impact of the current global economic crisis on the

dynamics of biregional relations. In this connection, against the background of the crisis, some delegates underscored the fundamental importance of European cooperation for the benefit of Latin American and Caribbean peoples. However, for this purpose, the region must be able to reach consensus, through a collegiate methodology, as regards its stances vis-à-vis the EU authorities, by making the best use of the advantages offered by SELA and other subregional and regional integration and cooperation institutions.

3. Participants took note of the experiences of Chile and Mexico with the

implementation of their Partnership Agreements with the European Union; and their evaluation of the biregional Summits. According to the assessments made by government officials of these two countries, such partnership agreements have had positive effects, not only on trade, but also on cooperation and the political dialogue with the EU. Participants highlighted the importance that the active participation of legislators, civil society, academicians and the government officials in these two countries has had in the formulation, negotiation and implementation of the



aforementioned agreements. They also underscored the usefulness of sharing such experiences with the rest of the countries and subregional groups in Latin America and the Caribbean.

RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Participants in the meeting underscored the need to continue with the analysis of the

relations between LAC and the European Union, and to make strides with the preparation for the region ahead of the VI Summit of Heads of State and Government of Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union, scheduled to be held in Madrid in 2010. In this connection, they highlighted the importance of the contributions that could be made by the Permanent Secretariat of SELA and other regional and subregional integration and cooperation organizations in the region.

2. The representatives of the Member States of SELA identified six areas in which LAC and

the EU could make concrete cooperation efforts with a regional scope:

a) To address the issue of migrants and their relatives within the context of biregional relations, in a comprehensive way. In this regard, participants in the meeting deemed it necessary to attach top priority to the issue of migrations on the agenda of LAC-EU relations, and ratified the validity of the Declarations adopted by MERCOSUR, UNASUR and the Rio Group concerning this issue, which considered discriminatory measures such as the order by the EU to impose sanctions on employers of illegal immigrants to be unacceptable.

b) Promote a sectoral macro-financial dialogue with Europe. Such dialogue must include the issue of trade relations and underscore the importance of preventing, at all costs, the emergence of protectionist pressures in biregional trade within the current context of crisis. As part of this dialogue, some ideas as regards the changes to be implemented in the standards and institutions of the current international financial system should be taken into consideration.

c) To revive and promote pending trade negotiations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean.

d) To strengthen biregional cooperation in areas related to the development of the agricultural and food sectors, which is of fundamental importance in view of the worrying trend to decrease that is currently seen in global food production, which has very negative social implications.

e) To develop a common strategy on cooperation between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union in order to achieve sustainable development and contribute to reduce asymmetries.

f) To take advantage of the celebration of the bicentenaries of independence movements in Latin America in order to promote rapprochement among peoples and improve mutual understanding through a historical dialogue on common values and identity.

3. The delegates recommended the Permanent Secretariat of SELA to hold consultations

with other existing regional and subregional organizations in order to assess the feasibility of implementing a flexible coordination system to network the different agencies in the region so as to start, as soon as possible, a dynamic cooperation process to get prepared for the upcoming Summit in Madrid and to follow up on the Lima Agenda. To this end, the Permanent Secretariat of SELA, in coordination with the group of High-Level Officials in charge of the preparation for next LAC-EU Summit, should hold consultations with the European Commission authorities responsible for relations with Latin America and the Caribbean.


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4. The delegates recommended the Permanent Secretariat of SELA to include a follow-

up of these analyses and regional coordination activities in its Draft Work Programme for the year 2010, so as to hold a prior consultation and coordination meeting ahead of the VI LAC-EU Summit in Madrid in 2010.

5. Participants thanked the Permanent Secretariat of SELA for its work, for the base document and the various presentations delivered, which contributed to the success of this important meeting, and underscored the feasibility of continuing with these analytical and coordination efforts that allow for keeping a steady exchange of experiences among Latin American and Caribbean nations as regards their economic and cooperation relations with the EU, particularly within the framework of the preparation for the upcoming VI LAC-EU Summit, to be held in Madrid.



A N N E X I

Agenda



Thursday, 26 February 2008 Morning

8:30 am. – 9: 00 am Registration

9:00 am. – 9: 30 am Opening Ceremony

• His Excellency, Mr. Gerónimo Cardozo, Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council

• Honourable Mrs. Eyilde Margarita Gracia, Chairwoman of the Foreign Trade Bank (BANCOEX) of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

• Ambassador José Rivera Banuet, Permanent Secretary of

SELA

First Session: “Evaluation of the results of the V Bi-regional Summit of Lima and prospects for the economic relations between the EU and LAC” Moderator: His Excellency, Gerónimo Cardozo, Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council

9:30 am. – 10:30 am. Presentation of the document “Evaluation of the results of the V Latin America and the Caribbean-European Union Bi-regional Summit: Prospects and opportunities within the context of the international crisis”

• Carlos Quenan, Specialist of the Institute for Higher Studies on Latin America, Sorbonne University (IHEAL)

• Christian Ghymers, Expert of the Centre of Studies for the

Relations between the European Union and Latin America (CERCAL)

10:30am. – 11:15 am. Debate among the representatives of the Member States of SELA

11:15 am. – 11:30 am. Coffee break

11:30 am. – 12:00 pm. Evaluation and views of ECLAC about the V biregional Summit

and the relations of Latin America and the Caribbean with the European Union

• Mr. Rudolf Buitelaar, Chief of the Project Management Unit. Division of Programmes and Operations Planning, Executive Secretariat of ECLAC

12.00 m. – 12.30 pm.

Debate among the representatives of the Member States of SELA

12:30 pm. – 2:30 pm. Free time for lunch


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Afternoon

Second Session: “The perspective of the governments of Chile and Mexico, and subregional organizations, of the future of LAC-EU relations” Moderator: His Excellency, Richard Paul McPhail, Ambassador of the Republic of Grenada, First Vice Chairman of the Latin American Council

2:30 pm. – 3:15 pm. a) Perspectives of Chile and Mexico

• His Excellency, Mr. Rolando Drago Rodríguez, Ambassador of the Republic of Chile in Venezuela

• His Excellency, Mr. Mario Chacón,

Ambassador of the United States of Mexico in Venezuela

3:15 pm. – 5:30 pm. Debate among the representatives of the Member States of SELA

b) Perspectives of subregional integration organizations

• Mr. Adolfo López Bustillo, Area Coordinator of Political Affairs of the Andean Community General Secretariat

• Ambassador Colin Granderson, Assistant Secretary-General.

Foreign and Community Relations (CARICOM)

• Mr. José Carlos García, Advisor to the Secretary-General of SIECA

• Ambassador Emilio Giménez, Permanent Representative of

Paraguay to MERCOSUR, in charge of the Pro Tempore Presidency of MERCOSUR

5:30 pm. – 6.00 pm. Debate among the representatives of the Member States of SELA

Third Session: “Conclusions and recommendations of the regional meeting”

Moderator: His Excellency, Mr. Ramón Leets, Ambassador of the Republic of Nicaragua, Second Vice-Chairman of the Latin American Council

6.00 pm. – 6:30 pm. Approval of conclusions and recommendations



A N N E X I I

Speech by His Excellency Gerónimo Cardozo,

Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council



Dear Permanent Secretary of the SELA, Ambassador José Rivera Banuet; Honourable Ms. Eyilde Margarita Gracia, President of BANCOEX; Distinguished ambassadors and representatives of the Member States of SELA; Honourable representatives of ECLAC, CAN, CARICOM, SIECA and MERCOSUR, participating at this meeting; Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a great pleasure for me to cordially welcome you all to this regional meeting to evaluate the results of the V Summit between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union, which took place at a time of deep economic crisis worldwide and growing uncertainty as to the economic and social future of our nations. In this particularly critical context, relations with the countries comprising the European Union turn out to be of special importance for Latin America and the Caribbean, since the former hold significant clout in trading and investments in the universe of our region’s foreign economic relations. Bearing in mind this framework, the Permanent Secretariat has presented us a very useful document with concrete proposals for action, in light of the upcoming VI LAC-EU Summit in Madrid (2010). In said document, the Permanent Secretariat has drafted an appropriate – and therefore flexible – method for Latin American and Caribbean countries to adopt common stances by means of permanent region-wide dialogues. In the document presented today by SELA, and after the essential elements to carry out an evaluation on the results of the past V biregional Summit of Lima have been identified, some fundamental ideas are summarized in backing the preparatory tasks by LAC with the Madrid Summit in mind. It is outstanding that the series of proposals and concrete actions focusing on the topics that maximize the potential of the regional dimension do not compete with the level of national or subregional authorities. Also very relevant are the four thematic areas or key sectors for LAC relations with the EU which are summarized in the Secretariat’s analytic document, which should constitute core action lines for SELA to reinforce cooperation with the EU. In this opening speech for this meeting, I would like to highlight four aspects which, from my point of view, must be continuously reiterated in any analysis conducted in our region with respect to the relations with the European Union. – In the first place, I underscore what has been repeated at the discussions which have taken place on the relations between our region and Europe here at SELA: It is indispensable that we make much more progress in building a common regional stance vis-à-vis the European bloc. In this regard, I must stress that in spite of the legitimate differences existing among our countries, we have formidable coincidences of economic- and social-related strategic objectives among our priorities, a composition of countries and varied – and therefore abundant – integration and cooperation processes, which objectively leads us to the need and at the same time the possibility of an enhanced articulation at the regional level. Precisely this challenge in the articulation and gradual regionalization of these processes coincides with the fundamental role to be performed by SELA.


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– Second, we must not lose sight that, in spite of the important weight of trade relations of Latin America and the Caribbean with the European Union, many countries in our region stumble with very serious obstacles which limit and restrict their export potential to the European markets. This has hindered several economic and social sectors in Latin America and the Caribbean from benefiting from their participation in international trade flows. This is a particularly sensitive issue in the agricultural and food sector, which is strongly protected by a very sophisticated network of trade and non-trade instruments in the European area. This must be an issue in which special attention and monitoring must be made by the SELA in its systematic analyses and in the drafting of policy proposals on the economic relations between LAC and the EU. – Thirdly, and of doubtless relevance in these times of global crisis, is the defence of the international cooperation resources of European origin entering our nations. This type of resources is indispensable in a context of marked deterioration of the International demand for our region’s products and services, and when private investment streams have dwindled to their minimum expression. Obviously, it is to be expected that many of these cooperation programmes that Europe maintains with the Latin American and Caribbean nations – and which constitute the brunt of the limited flows of Official Development Assistance that our economies receive – could be seriously reduced due to the magnitude and complexity of the international economic crisis. This could provoke that some international cooperation resources of European origin be reallocated to attend to the immediate effects of this crisis in the donor countries, which would affect the availability of external resources that so far had been destined to fostering and promoting development and poverty reduction in our region. Thus, it is necessary for Latin America and the Caribbean to find a concerted position and design cooperation and coordination mechanisms that would enable its countries to continue enjoying and taking full advantage of development assistance and in particular of the EU’s cooperation programmes under the current circumstances. In this regard, it would be very useful for SELA to decisively contribute to the definition of these cooperation priorities with Europe, in light of the upcoming LAC-EU Summit in Madrid, and above all to the identification, negotiation and instrumentation of projects of a regional scope that would continue to endorse social development programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean. – A fourth fundamental issue in the relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean is that of migrations. We must recognize that there are legitimate concerns in our societies as to the evident xenophobic and discriminatory trends which, coupled with questionable policies and measures, have begun to proliferate against the immigrants in some European countries. Within the framework of the current global depression and when demand levels as well as income and employment levels in Europe are significantly diminishing, this could be reflected in the worsening of unfavourable attitudes towards the immigrants. As has been stated at this forum at SELA, in the future we must explore the feasibility of constituting a region-wide mechanism to endorse a multilateral framework that would effectively guarantee the protection and social security of Latin American and Caribbean labourers working in industrialized nations.



I feel certain that the deliberations, and above all the conclusions and recommendations stemming from this important meeting, shall help us to focus on the priority activities at SELA in order to continue monitoring permanently the economic relations among our countries and the EU, and also to help our region to be better prepared ahead of the upcoming Summit in Madrid. I wish you the greatest success in your deliberations and reiterate the support of the Bureau of the Latin American Council to the Permanent Secretariat of SELA, so that you can continue to contribute to this unique space for regional harmonization and cooperation. I conclude by reiterating that I am convinced that this space for analysis and exchange of experiences, action proposals, cooperation, harmonization and articulation which is precisely what SELA is all about, has today – in the midst of an adverse international economic scenario – more validity than ever before, as a fundamental instrument to foster and develop projects which in the short and mid-term can aid to the economic development and social inclusion of our nations. Thank you very much.



A N N E X I I I

Speech by Eyilde Margarita Gracia,

Chairwoman of the Foreign Trade Bank (BANCOEX) of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela



Good morning, His Excellency, Mr. Gerónimo Cardozo, Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council His Excellency, Mr. José Rivera Banuet, Permanent Secretary of SELA, Latin American and Caribbean Economic System Distinguished Ambassadors and official delegates of the Member States of SELA. Dear representatives of the Secretariats of the Andean Community (CAN), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Secretariat of the Central American Economic Integration System (SIECA) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR). Ladies and Gentlemen, On behalf of the staff of BANCOEX, the Foreign Trade Bank of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and in my own name, may I extend the most cordial welcome to this regional meeting to evaluate the results of the V Summit between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union, held in Lima in February 2008; and the prospects and opportunities within the context of the current international financial crisis. For BANCOEX it is an honour to back this initiative, because we are sure that all the countries and subregional entities represented here are united in one single purpose: as the Chairman of the Latin American Council expressed, to advance towards attaining the necessary agreements to develop a joint strategy that would guide our regional performance at the Summit between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union, expected to take place in 2010. This stage, which could be called the preparation stage, is therefore fundamental to successfully broach the challenge in 2010. It is a valuable opportunity for the evaluation of results, but especially for the construction of one single proposal based on the common requirements of our peoples: We all need to overcome the terrible scourge of poverty, which is only possible by tackling its structural causes; we must all preserve the environment for the life of future generations to be possible; we all need to transform the patterns of inter-relations and substitute purely commercial criteria with formulas enabling us to make the full use of our capabilities. Consensus around these objectives seems to be a key factor during this stage. Evaluating the environment for the purposes of identifying areas of opportunity will no doubt be useful to design the strategy. The international context, marked by a crisis which to a greater or lesser degree affects all the people in the world, is evidence of the depletion of the traditional models of relating and the pressing need to create new options. This opens up windows of opportunity to establish negotiation guidelines with an innovative, fair and integrating vision, generating value for both regions and for the whole world.


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Therefore, I wish to ratify our conviction that such prestigious representatives will wisely conduct this preparation process and will mark a historic milestone in the upcoming Summit, so that what is a possibility in our hearts becomes a reality.

Thank you all.



A N N E X I V

Speech by Ambassador José Rivera Banuet, Permanent Secretary of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA)



His Excellency, Gerónimo Cardozo, Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council; Honourable Ms. Eyilde Margarita Gracia, President of the Foreign Trade Bank of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (BANCOEX); Distinguished Ambassadors and Delegates of SELA Member States; Representatives of the Secretariats of CAN, CARICOM, ECLAC, MERCOSUR and SIECA; Ladies and Gentlemen: Relations between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union are particularly important vis-à-vis the deep historical roots that link both regions and the robust bonds existing in the political, economic, social and cultural areas. From the commercial point of view, these relations have become notorious in recent years, as it is reflected in the fact that the European Union is a fundamentally significant market for the economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Moreover, it is the main source and destination of foreign trade exchange for some countries. In terms of investment, European nations are the main origin of Foreign Direct Investment inflows entering our region, and concerning Official Development Assistance, Europe is also the main international cooperation source for Latin America and Caribbean economies. It is precisely within this context that the Permanent Secretariat of SELA has been holding yearly regional meetings since 2005, where fundamental trends and prospects of the relations between LAC and the EU are analyzed. These activities have been essentially aimed at contributing to setting up common stances in Latin America and the Caribbean so as to strengthen the region’s role as a player vis-à-vis the European Union. The Permanent Secretariat of SELA considers that the highest-level political meetings between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union, which are held every two years, are a favourable framework for our region to reformulate some of the core elements of its relations with that important bloc of nations. SELA’s regional meeting today, which forms part of the Work Programme of the organization, has three fundamental objectives: 1. To evaluate the results of the V LAC-EU Summit; 2. To start the preparation work for the next presidential meeting; and 3. To analyze the prospects of economic relations between Latin America and the Caribbean and the EU within the context of the current international economic crisis, and to put forward lines of action aimed at strengthening cooperation relations.


32

The current international financial crisis is seriously affecting Latin America and Caribbean countries and represents a new challenge for the economic and social development of our region. As a result of this crisis, there exists the risk that the region’s exports are affected by possible protectionist pressures from the major industrialized countries, as a response to the economic recession. An example of this is the unfortunate initiative “Buy American” in the United States, which could provoke equivalent responses by other countries, thus implying higher unemployment at the global level. On the contrary, an agreement in favour of the conclusion of the Doha Round within the framework of the G20, at its next Summit to be held in London in April, would have very positive effects for the world’s economy, such as signalling that firm and coordinated international actions are being taken to face the crisis, thereby resulting in a GDP growth of $100 billion per year. Let’s remember that the U.S. Great Depression in the 1930s was caused by a protectionist response to a financial crisis with the enactment of the Smoot-Hawley Act in 1930. During the discussions that have taken place at SELA about biregional economic relations, it has been stated that advancing toward common stances in Latin America and the Caribbean vis-à-vis the EU cannot be postponed. And this, from the perspective of the Permanent Secretariat, is fundamental to drive growth and a more focused and broad international insertion. In works conducted by SELA on this subject, it has been reiterated that the creation of a true impulse in the LAC-EU relations requires a particular effort by Latin America and the Caribbean for the region to become an organized interlocutor vis-à-vis Europe. In this regard, there is agreement that our region’s heterogeneity, as a reflection of differences in terms of development strategies and international insertion patterns, implies distinct interests in the relations with the EU, which poses a significant challenge for regional harmonization. However, diversity of interests and of economic and social structures cannot be considered to be an obstacle for the construction of shared visions of Latin America and the Caribbean region, as it has been observed in previous biregional summits. In this connection, I would like to express to the representatives of our Member States that the Permanent Secretariat of SELA is fully willing to continue to support the follow-up and assessment work of biregional relations as well as the results of the summit processes. Consequently, allow me to retake the four guidelines for action that we have proposed in the base document of this meeting, with a view to strengthening the relations with the European Union.



Such guidelines can be summarised as follows:

i) To open up a sectoral macro-financial dialogue between the EU and LAC; ii) To develop a common strategy of cooperation for competitiveness; iii) To ensure a rapprochement among peoples and mutual knowledge by

means of a historic dialogue on common values and own identities; and iv) To seriously deal with the problem of migrations in biregional relations.

It is also convenient to set, right away, a system into motion that allows for a flexible and swift coordination in order to link the governments of Latin America and the Caribbean in a cooperative dynamics, in anticipation to the preparation for the upcoming Madrid Summit and the specific follow-up of the Lima Agenda. For these purposes, the Permanent Secretariat offers its most determined support. Finally, I would like to thank the Foreign Trade Bank of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (BANCOEX) for its valuable support in conducting this relevant meeting, as well as the Secretariats of ECLAC, SIECA, CARICOM, CAN and MERCOSUR for the presence of their distinguished representatives in this meeting. I would like to express that I am convinced that the road to Latin American and Caribbean harmonization is fundamental in order to reaffirm and defend the interests of the Latin American and Caribbean region, particularly within a context of deep global economic crisis such as the one we are facing today. Thank you very much.

Final Report on the Regional Meeting to evaluate SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/IF-09 the results of the V LAC-EU Summit

35A N N E X V

List of Participants


37MEMBER STATES OF SELA

ARGENTINA María Fernanda Silva Counsellor Embassy of Argentina Avenida El Empalme, Edif. FEDECAMARAS, Piso 3, Urbanización El Bosque Tel: (58-212) 731-3311 Fax: (58-212) 731-2659 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas BARBADOS Charles Ian Walter Brathwaite Ambassador Embassy of Barbados Calle La Guairita con Av. Principal de Chuao Edificio Los Frailes, Piso 5, Of. 501 Tel: (58-212) 991-6721 / 992-0545 Fax: (58-212) 991-0333 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas BOLIVIA Jorge Alvarado Rivas Counsellor Minister Chargé d’Affaires Embassy of Bolivia Av. Luis Roche con 6ª Transversal Tel: (58-212) 263-3015 Fax: (58-212) 261-3386 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Erika Strauss Inda Second Secretary Embassy of Bolivia Av. Luis Roche con 6ª Transversal Tel: (58-212) 263-3015 E-mail: erinoskas@gmailcom Caracas BRAZIL Clarisa Della Nina First Secretary Embassy of Brazil Calle Los Chaguaramos con Av. Mohedano, Centro Gerencial Mohedano, Piso 6 Tel: (58-212) 918-6003 Fax: (58-212) 261-1409 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas

CHILE Rolando Drago Rodríguez Ambassor Embassy of Chile Paseo Enrique Eraso Edif. Torre La Noria, Piso 10 Tel: (58-212)266-2344 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Enzo Barra Third Secretary Embassy of Chile Paseo Enrique Eraso Edif. Torre La Noria, Piso 10 Tel: (58-212)266-2344 Cell phone: (0412) 637-4877 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas ECUADOR Pablo Avilés Martín Second Secretary Embassy of Ecuador Av. Principal de La Castellana con 2ª Transversal, Edificio Bancaracas, Piso 8, Of. 805 Tel: (58-212) 265-0801 Fax: (58-212) 264-6917 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas GRENADA Richard Paul McPhail Ambassor Embassy of Grenada Av. Norte 2, Quinta 330 Tel: (58-212) 985-5461 / 985-5626 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas GUATEMALA Erick Roberto Molina Sandoval Ambassor Embassy of Guatemala Avda. Francisco de Miranda, Torre DOZSA, Piso 1, Urbanización El Rosal Tel: (58-212)952-5247/954-0146 /954-0831 Fax: (58-212)954-0051 E-mail: [email protected]; Caracas

Permanent Secretariat Extra-regional Relations 38

Irma Verónica Araujo Samayoa Counsellor Minister Embassy of Guatemala Avda. Francisco de Miranda, Torre DOZSA, Piso 1 Urbanización El Rosal Tel: (58-212) 952-5247/ 954-0146/954-0831 Fax: (58-212)954-0051 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas GUYANA Mohammed Ali Odeen Ishmael Ambassor Embassy of Guyana Quinta Roraima, Avenida El Paseo Urbanización Prados del Este Tel: (58-212)977-1158 / 975-3687 Fax (58-212)976-3765 E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.guyana.org Caracas Roxanne Vandeyar Executive Official Quinta Roraima, Avenida El Paseo Urbanización Prados del Este Tel: 977-1158 / 975-3687 Fax: 976.3765 E-mail: [email protected] www.guyana.org Caracas HONDURAS German Espinal Zuñiga Ambassor Embassy of Honduras Avda. Principal de La Castellana con 1° Transversal de Altamira Edif. Banco de Lara, Piso 8, Of. B-2 Tel: (58-212) 333-9163 Fax: (58-212) 263.4379 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Fernando Suárez Counsellor Minister Embassy of Honduras Avda. Principal de La Castellana con 1° Transversal de Altamira Edif. Banco de Lara, Piso 8, Of. B-2 Tel: (58-212) 263-3189 Fax: (58-212) 263.4379 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas

JAMAICA Delrose E. Montague Ambassor Embassy of Jamaica Calle La Guairita Edificio Los Frailes, Piso 5 Urbanización Chuao Tel: (58-212) 991.0466 / 6955 Fax: (58-212) 991.5708 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas MEXICO Mario Chacón Carrillo Ambassor Embassy of Mexico Calle Guaicaipuro con Avenida Principal de Las Mercedes Edificio FORUM, Piso 5 Urbanización El Rosal Tel: 952-5777/3850/8594/4673/ 7064/3003 Fax: 952-2408 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Eduardo Baca Cuenca Minister Embassy of Mexico Calle Guaicaipuro con Avenida Principal de Las Mercedes Edificio FORUM, Piso 5 Urbanización El Rosal Tel: 952-5777/3850/8594 4673/7064/3003 Fax: 952-2408 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Nayeli Damián Gutiérrez Third Secretary Embassy of Mexico Calle Guaicaipuro con Avenida Principal de Las Mercedes Edificio FORUM, Piso 5 Urbanización El Rosal Tel: 952-5777/3850/ 8594/4673/7064/3003 Fax: 952-2408 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas


39NICARAGUA Ramón Leets Castillo Ambassor Embassy of Nicaragua Qta. Doña Dilia, Av. El Paseo Urbanización Prados del Este Tel: (58-212) 977-3270 / 3289 Fax: (58-212) 977-3973 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas PANAMA Elixsandro Ballesteros Ambassor Embassy of Panama Centro Profesional Eurobuilding Piso 8, Oficina 8-D Urbanización Chuao Tel: (58-212) 992-9182 // 9093 Fax: (58-212) 992-8421 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Caracas PARAGUAY Federico A. González Ambassor Embassy of Paraguay 4ta. Avenida entre 7ma. y 8va. Transversal Qta. Helechales N° 4204 Urbanización Altamira Telefax: (58-212) 263-2559/ 267-5543 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas PERU Luis Santa María Calderón Ambassor Embassy of Peru Avenida San Juan Bosco con 2da Transversal Edificio San Juan, Piso 5 Urbanización Altamira Tel: (58-212) (D) 264-1672/1483/1420 Fax: (58-212)265-7592 E-mail: [email protected]; www.conpercaracas.com Caracas

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Félix Bolivar Amezquita Taveras Counsellor Minister Embassy of Dominican Republic Edificio Argentum PB-1 2ª Transversal entre 1ª Avda. y Avda. Andrés Bello, Los Palos Grandes Tel: (58-212)283-9524/283-9279 Fax: (58-212) 283-3965 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas SURINAME Samuel Pawironadi Ambassor 4ta Avenida de Altamira, Entre 7ma y 8va Transversal, Quinta Nº 41 Urbanización Altamira Tel: 261-2724/283-3428 Fax: 263-9006 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Fred M. Reid Counsellor Embassy of Suriname 4ª Av. de Altamira, entre 7ª y 8ª Transversal, Quinta N° 41 Tel: (58-212) 263.9006/2631554 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Ordell Barman Consul Embassy of Trinidad and Tobago 3ª Av. entre 6 y 7 Transversal Quinta Poshika Tel: (58-212) 261-374875796 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas URUGUAY Gerónimo Cardozo Ambassor Embassy of Uruguay in Venezuela 4ta. Avenida de los Palos Grandes Edificio Seguros Altamira, Piso 4, Oficinas D y E - Los Palos Grandes Tel: (58-212) 286-6604 / 285-1648 Fax: (58-212) 286-6777 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas


VENEZUELA Frankceline Bratta Goyo Coordinator of Biregional Affairs Office of the Deputy Minister for Europe People’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs Avenida Urdaneta, Esquina Carmelitas Torre MRE Cell phone: (0416) 1597315 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas María Carolina Mendoza Omaña Second Secretary attached to the Coordination of Multilateral Political Affairs People’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs Avenida Urdaneta, Esquina Carmelitas Torre MRE, Piso 18 Tel: (58-212) 806-4312/4310 Cell phone: (0412) 702-7429/ (0412) 806-4306 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Wilson Loaiza Third Secretary Office of the Deputy Minister for Europe People’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs Avenida Urdaneta, Esquina Carmelitas Torre MRE Tel: (58-212) 806-4823 Fax: (58-212)806-4819 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Yamile Guerra Third Secretary People’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs Avenida Urdaneta, Esquina Carmelitas Torre MRE Tel: (58-212) 806-4787 Fax: (58-212)806-4786 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.mre.gob.ve Caracas Magaly García Coordinator of International Affairs People’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs Avenida Urdaneta, Esquina Carmelitas Torre MRE Cell phone: (0412) 494-3645 E-mail: [email protected]

ASAMBLEA NACIONAL Leonardo Antonio Mieres Valladares Internationalist II Avenida Sur 21, Esquina de Pajaritos, Edif. José María Vargas, Piso 5 El Silencio Tel: (58-212) 409-7531/7529 Fax: (58-212) 409-7535/7526 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.asambleanacional.gob.ve Caracas


41

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Andean Community (CAN) Adolfo López Bustillo Area Coordinator of Political Affairs Paseo de la República 3895 San Isidro Tel: (51-1) 411-1428 Central: (51-1)411-400 Fax: (51-1)221-3329 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.comunidadandina.org Lima, Peru Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Colin Granderson Ambassador Assistant Secretary General in charge of Foreign and Community Relations Tel: (592) 2220-0138 E-mail: [email protected] Turkeyen Greater Georgetown, Guyana Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Rudolf Buitelaar Chief of the Project Management Unit of the Division of Programmes and Operations Planning Av. Dag Hammarskjolid 3477 Tel: (56-2) 210-2098 / 210-2228 Fax: (56-2) (D) 208-1808 E-mail: [email protected] Santiago, Chile

Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) Emilio Jiménez Permanent Representative of Paraguay to MERCOSUR, in charge of the Pro Tempore Presidency of MERCOSUR Telefax: (598 2) 902-6957 E-mail: [email protected] Montevideo, Uruguay Secretariat for Central American Economic Integration (SIECA) José Carlos García Advisor to the Secretary-General 4ª Avenida 10 -25, Zona 14 E-mail: jgarcí[email protected] Tel: (502) 2368-2151 al 54 Fax: (502) 2368-1071 Guatemala Union of south American Nations (UNASUR) Axel Cabrera First Secretary Embassy of Chile Pro Tempore Presidency of UNASUR Torre La Noria, Piso 10 Urbanización Las Mercedes Tel: (58-212) 992-3378 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas


ORGANIZATIONS AND AGENCIES ACCREDITED TO CARACAS

International Rural Housing Association (IRHA) Pola Ortiz President Av. Libertador con Maripérez, Edificio Zulia, P.B. Tel: (58-212) 574-2586 Fax: (58-212) 576-1909 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Andean Development Corporation (CAF) Juan Pablo Rodríguez Deputy Director for Regional Programmes Av. Luis Roche, Torre CAF Tel: (58-212) 209.2099 Fax: (58-212) 209.2382 Web site: www.caf.com Caracas Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) Diego Montenegro Representative Edificio Villasmil, Piso 11, Oficina 1102 Fax: (58-212) 576-3150 / 577-1356 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Francisco Arias Milla Representative in Venezuela Head of Mission Avenida Libertador entre Calles Elice y José Félix Sosa Edif. Nuevo Centro, Piso 3 frente al Centro Comercial Sambil Tel: (58-2129-201-9901/9902 Fax: (58-212) 201-9908 /09 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas

International Organization for Migration (IOM) Marisol Fuves de Pérez Representative in Venezuela Head of Mission 1ra. Transversal entre Avenida Principal y Mohedano, Qta. Ana Luisa La Castellana Tel: (58-212) 266-4136/4596 Fax: (58-212) 265-5393 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Organization of American States (OAS) Salvador E. Rodezno Fuentes Representative General Secretariat Avenida Orinoco Sur, Edif. Arbicenter, Piso 1, Oficinas 4 y 5 Urbanización Las Mercedes Tel: (58-212) 992-1422/1666 Fax: (58-212) 992.1480 Caracas United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Alberto Fuenmayor Programme Official Av. Francisco de Miranda Torre HP, Oficina 6-A Tel: (58-212)208-4444 (Central) Fax: (58-212)263.8179 (Master) E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.nu.org.ve Caracas European Commission Laura Acuña Trade Advisor Delegation of the European Commission Avenida Orinoco, Urb. Las Mercedes Edificio” Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas Tel: (58-212) 991-5398 / 5587 Fax: (58-212) 993-5573 Web site: www.delven.ec.europa.eu Caracas


43Foreign Trade Bank (BANCOEX) Eyilde Margarita Gracia Sanz President Edificio Mohedano, P.H. Calle Los Chaguaramos, La Castellana Tel: (58.-212) 277-4612 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Mirtha Quintero Manager of National and International Events Edificio Mohedano,Mezzanina Calle Los Chaguaramos, La Castellana Tel: (58.-212) 277-4673 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Alejandra Balestrini Analyst of the Foreign Relations Management Office Edificio Mohedano,Mezzanina Calle Los Chaguaramos, La Castellana Tel: (58.-212) 277-4662 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Central Bank of Venezuela (BCV) Ana Mercedes Castellanos Technical Coordinator Foreign Relations Management Office Torre Financiera, Piso 19 Esquina Santa Capilla Tel: (58-212) 801 8715 Fax: (58-212) 801-87-14 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.bcv.org.ve Caracas Yadira Gamboa Hernández Foreign Affairs Analyst Foreign Relations Management Office Torre Financiera, Piso 19 Esquina Santa Capilla Tel: (58-212) 801-5374 Fax: (58-212) 801-8714 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas

ALBA Bank Luis Alejandro Sauce Navarro Manager of Political and Financial Intelligence Av. Francisco Solano, Edif. Banco Alba, Piso 8 Tel: (58-212) 905-9301 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Bank for Economic and Social Development (BANDES) Erick Tabata Specialist Economist Vice-presidency for International Financing and Cooperation Avenida Universidad, Traposos a Colón Torre BANDES, Piso 7 Tel: (58-212) 505-8762 Fax: (58-212) 505-8866 Caracas


LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM (SELA) José Rivera Banuet Permanent Secretary Tel: (58-212) 955.7101 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected] Antonio Romero Director for Integration and Cooperation Tel: (58-212) 955.7115 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected] Carmen Gabriela Menéndez Coordinator of Relations with Member States Telephone: (58-212) 955.7114 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected] Telasco Pulgar Coordinator of Regional Integration Tel: (58-212) 955.7153 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected] Fernando Guglielmelli Head of the Office of the Permanent Secretary Tel: (58-212) 955.7123 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected] Carlos Ortuño Official of the Information and Database Centre Tel: (58-212) 955.7149 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: cortuñ[email protected] Javier Gordon Coordinator of Cooperation Projects Tel: (58-212) 955.7137 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected]

Senaida Lugo Head of the Press and Dissemination Office Tel: (58-212) 955.7143 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 6901 E-mail: [email protected] Lissette Carrillo Informatics and Technology Official Tel: (58-212) 955.7125 Fax: (58-212) 951.5292 / 69 E-mail: [email protected] CONSULTANTS Carlos Quenan Institut des Hautes Etudes D’Amerique Latine Sorbonne University Tel: (33-1) 4959-9257 Home: (331) 4658-7916 Cell phone: (336) 1514-7418 E-mail: [email protected] Nouvelle Paris, 3 France Christian Ghymers Consultant European Commission Tel: (32-2) 733-4760 (Home) Tel: (32-2) 295-6227 (Office) E-mail: [email protected] Brussels, Belgium


47A N N E X V I

List of Documents


49 SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/CR-09 Conclusions and Recommendations Work Documents (DT) SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/DT N° 1-09 Work Programme SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/DT N° 2-09 Evaluation of the results of the V Biregional Summit of

Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union: Prospects and opportunities within the context of the international crisis

Informative Documents (DI) SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 1-09 Speech by the Permanent Secretary of SELA,

Ambassador José Rivera Banuet, during the opening ceremony of the Regional Meeting to evaluate the results of the V Latin America and the Caribbean-EU Summit

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 2-09 Speech by His Excellency Gerónimo Cardozo,

Ambassador of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Chairman of the Latin American Council of SELA

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 3-09 Speech by Eyilde Margarita Gracia, President of the

Foreign Trade Bank (BANCOEX) of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 4-09 Presentation: Evaluation of the results of the V

Biregional LAC-EU Summit: Prospects and opportunities within the context of the international crisis. Christian Ghymers and Carlos Quenan, SELA consultants.

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 5-09 Evaluation and prospects of ECLAC as regards the V

Biregional Summit and LAC relations with the European Union. Rudolf Buitelaar, Chief of the ECLAC Project Management Unit

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 6-09 Evaluation of the Economic Relations between Chile

and the European Union countries, five years after the entry into force of the Partnership Agreement. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile.

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 7-09 Mexico and the European Union, a decade of

relations. His Excellency, Ambassador Mario Chacón, Ambassador of Mexico in Venezuela.

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 8-09 CARICOM Results of the V LAC-UE Summit. Mr. Colin

Granderson, Assistant Secretary General. Foreign and Community Relations.

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 9-09 Partnership Agreement between Central America

and the European Union. José Carlos García,


Secretariat for Central American Economic Integration (SIECA)

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 10-09 Relations between MERCOSUR and the European

Union, Permanent Representative of Paraguay to MERCOSUR. Pro Tempore Presidency of MERCOSUR.

SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 11-09 LAC-EU Relations: Andean Community prospects SP/RR-ERVCALC-UE/Di N° 12-09 List of participants