Firstaid Training Medical 2013

7/29/2019 Firstaid Training Medical 2013

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First Aid

TrainingDr. Nyunt Wai,Associate Professor,

School of Medical Sciences, IMUFirst Aid/CPR Coordinator

2013

Briefing on


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Has any one of you had

first aid training?


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If you have a

nosebleed,what will you

do?


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Nosebleed = Epistaxis


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Pressure/elevation

A b

leeding wound

Need to wear gloves?

At least 10 minutes to give time for the blood to clot


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Video 1


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Pressurepoints

Where arteries

can becompressedagainst the bone

to controlbleeding

Anatomy ofthe

cardiovascularsystem


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Choking

Why?
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Choking - Adults

Heimlich maneuver

May also give back blows
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Video 2


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Choking- infant

under 1 yr


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If YOU are alone and choking:

Self- Heimlich maneuver

Position your fist slightlyabove your navel andgive yourself quick,inward and upward

thrusts, or lean forward andpress your abdomenquickly over any firm

object, such as the backof a chair or a porchrailing.


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The First Aid Course: Objective:

To provide basicintroduction to first aid Skill-based approach


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Introductory first aid training

ME 113

Refer to yourtimetable for

practical

sessions


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3 training sessions 1 theory, 2 practical

Assessment 30 mins theory, 30 mins practical

Topics covered:

A. Definition of First Aid

B. Aims of First AidC. Principles of First Aid

D. Wounds and Bleeding

E. Fractures

F. Bandages

G. Strains, Sprains and Cramps

H. Dislocation

I. Nose Injury

J. CPR

TRAINING STRUCTURE


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What Is First Aid?

Immediate assistance or treatment

given to someone injured orsuddenly taken ill

before the arrival of ambulance,doctor, or other appropriately

qualified person


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The 3 Ps :

To Preserve life

To Prevent worsening of condition

To Promote recovery

Aims of First Aid

Note: Apply in every situation


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Unconscious?


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Primary Assessment

D

R

A B

C

anger

esponse

irwayreathing

irculation

Detect life threatening problems


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Danger

Assess

What has happened

Danger to you, casualty, bystanders

Number of casualties

How???

Casualties condition

Life threatening

Available resources

Special assistance


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Response

Level of Consciousness

AVPU

Respond to command, touch, pain

Response by eye movement,movement or verbal response

Alert,

Verbal-Speak louder and closer to

casualty Pain-Employ pain stimulus

Unresponsive

B i Lif S t [BLS]


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Basic Life Support [BLS]:maintenance of ABC

Maintain an adequate open Airway Restore Breathing to reverse respiratory

arrest

Electric shock Drowning

Head injuries

Restore Circulation to keep blood

circulating and carrying oxygen to brain

heart,

and the body


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Circulation

Check pulse

Pulse??

No pulse??


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Carotid artery pulse

With 2 fingers, feel for the Adams

appleThen slide the fingers to the side into

the groove between the Adams apple

and the strap muscle


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Feeling our own carotid pulse

Lets do it!


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Feeling our own radial pulse

Lets do it!

Thumbs side,at the wrist


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airway

Head tilt chin lift maneuver

Look for obstruction


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Breathing

Head tilt chin lift maneuver

Check breathing by:

Look chest movement

Listen movement of air

Feel expired air


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Cardipulmonary Rescuscitation

(CPR)

A procedure involving chest compressions andrescue breathingto maintain oxygenation tothe brain in the case of a casualty with cardiacarrest.

Artificiallypump the heart

by chest

compressions

Cardio (=

Heart)

Artificial

breathing by

blowing air into

lungs

Pulmonary(= lung)

30 chest compressions, followed by 2 breaths performeduntil - it is too dangerous, the person recovers, you are too

tired, someone else cantake over, or advanced medical help

has arrived
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Unresponsive,

no breathing


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Videos 3 & 4: CPR

1. What NOT to do2. What to do


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Incised wound Laceration

Abrasion

Contusion (bruise)

Puncture wound

Gunshot wound Amputation

TYPES OF WOUNDS


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Treatment

Washwound with antiseptic lotion or water. Dab dry, apply antiseptic cream and cover with

clean gauze.

control bleeding

Use gauze, roller bandages etc

If dressing gets soiled, DO NOT remove it.

Apply a new dressing over.

For Bruises- Apply cold

compress to minimize

swelling.


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Fractures

Break or crack in bone

Causes:Direct force (at the point of fracture)

Indirect force (elsewhere from fracture point)

Note:

Indirect force can be a twist or wrench


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Closed vs open fracture

Closed = Simple fracture

Skin surrounding the

fracture is unbroken

Bruising and swelling

may occur

Open = Compound

fracture

A wound accompaniesthe fracture.

Overlying skin is broken


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Management - closed fracture

Dont movethe casualty unless in danger

Steady, support and secure the injured part

Immobilise the injured part with bandages and

splints

Send to hospital

DO NOT let the casualty have anything to eat or

drink.


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Management-open fracture)

Cover the wound with a sterile dressing

Control bleeding

Place padding around any protruding bone and

bandage over pads (Same steps with management of closed

fracture from Immobiliseto Send to

hospital)


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Bandages Sterile and absorbent dressings that cover

and protect a wound.

Funtions:

To maintain direct pressure over a

dressing

To retain dressings and splints in position

To prevent or reduce swelling

To provide support for a limb or joint

To restrict movement To assist in lifting and carrying casualty


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Types of dressing:

Adhesive

Sterile

Gauze

Improvised


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The bandage is too tight if

theres

Blue tinge (cyanosis) of the finger or toe

nails

Tingling or loss of sensation of fingers and

toes

Coldness of the fingers and toes

Inability to movethe fingers or toes


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Strains, sprains

Astrain is a forcible over-stretching or tearing of a

muscle or tendon

A sprain is an injury to a

ligament at or near a joint,

which is often caused by a

wrenching movement atthe joint tearing the

surrounding tissues


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Management - strains and sprains

RICE- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Rest- Rest and steady the injured part

Ice- Apply ice or cold packs (not directly, but

wrapped with cloth) Compression- Compress, applying even pressure to

the injured part (can bandage)

Elevation- Elevate the injured part

Request medical assistance if necessary


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Any take home messages?

Cardiac arrest: Better to break a bone than

to let the person die

Improvise!

Apply basic science principles (emergency

medical officer vs a paramedic)

Use common sense (which is not very

common)


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And one more thing..

Thank youfor your

attention!

Documents

Firstaid Training Medical 2013