Five Model of Personality 2007

8/14/2019 Five Model of Personality 2007

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Personality

Sum total of ways in which an

individual reacts and interacts withothers


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What is Personality?

Internal perspective: Processes within anindividual that explain whyhe or she behaves incharacteristic ways.

Attitudes, emotions, ways of thinking

Fairly stable across time and situations

Partly inherited


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External perspective: How the individual isperceivedbyothers that he or she interacts with (reputation).

She has a great personality!

Shaped by two fundamental motives related to socialinteraction

Getting along with others (cooperation)

Getting ahead of others (competition)


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Factors of personality

Heredity

Environment

Situational

Social

Family

Culture

Personality


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Personality

Characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling and acting.

Four major perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivationsTrait - specific dimensions of personalityHumanistic - inner capacity for growthSocial-Cognitive - influence of environment


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The Unconscious

the mind is like an iceburg - mostly hidden

the mind is like an iceburg - mostly hidden

Conscious Awareness

small part above surface

(Preconscious)

Unconscious

below the surface

(thoughts, feelings,

wishes, memories)

Repressionbanishing unacceptable

thoughts & passions to

unconscious

Dreams & Slips


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Are There Basic Traits?

What trait dimensions describe personality?

Combination of 2 or 3

genetically determined

dimensions

Expanded set of factors

The Big 5

Extraversion/IntroversionEmotional Stability/Instability


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Myers Briggs type indicator

Extrovert vs. Introvert

Sensing vs. Intuitive

Thinking vs. Feelings Judging vs. perceiving

Basically a tool for increasing selfawareness


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Models of Personality

The Big 5 Model of Personality

One of the most extensively researched

models of personality

Five dimensions that capture much of the

variation in human personality

Useful for managers because of predictive

validity Sometimes called the OCEAN model (as an

acronym)


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Openness to Experience Broad range of interests

Fascination with new things and ideas

Daring and imaginative

Change and challenge welcomed

Creative

Depth and complexity of mental and experiential

life

NOT conventional, satisfied by the familiar


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Conscientiousness Reliable

Responsible

Organized

Careful

Task and goal oriented

Persistent

Impulse control, think before acting

NOT easily distracted, unreliable



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3. Extraversion

Comfortable with relationships

Outgoing

Sociable Uninhibited

Assertive

NOT reserved, quiet



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Agreeableness Propensity to defer to others

Cooperative

Warm

Trusting

Modest

Good natured

NOT cold, disagreeable



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5. Neuroticism or Emotional Stability

Ability to withstand stress

Calm

Self-confident Secure

Even tempered

NOT anxious, nervous, depressed, insecure,

irritable



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Humanistic theory

Emphasizes on individual growth,

improvement and the self concept to

personality.

Potential for positive development,

creativity and self realization.


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Physique-temperament theory

Endomorphy tendency towards plumpness,

Built for comfort not for speed

Mesomorphy tendency towards muscularity,-

Hard , rectangular, strong, resistance toinjury, suited for hard work

Ectomorphy tendency towards thickness,

delicate, lean, large head compare to body,not suited for hard work


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HowDoes Personality Affect Job

Performance? Theory and research show that Big Five factors impact

motivation, which in turn affects performance. For example

Thus, personalitys effect on performance may be fully orpartially (dotted line) mediatedby motivation

Conscientiousness

Self-efficacy

Goals

Performance


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Personality dimensions

Authoritarianism

Bureaucratic personality

Machiavellianism Problem solving style

Locus of control


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Problem solving style

Sensation- feeling style-dependable, and

social

Sensation-thinking style-practical and

logical

Intuition-feeling style- enthusiastic, people

oriented and helpful

Intuition- thinking style creative, energetic

and like challenging jobs


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Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelingsfrom consciousness (underlies all other defense

mechanisms)

Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixateddevelopment

ReactionFormation - ego makes unacceptableimpulses appear as their opposites

Projection - attributes threatening impulses toothers

Defense Mechanisms


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Rationalization - generate self-justifyingexplanations to hide the real reasons for our

actions

Displacement - divert impulses toward a moreacceptable object

Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulseinto

something socially valued


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Social-Cognitive Perspective

Behavior learned throughconditioning & observation

What we think about our situation

affects our behavior

Interaction ofEnvironment & Intellect


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Reciprocal Determinism

Personal/Personal/CognitiveCognitiveFactorsFactors

BehaviorBehaviorEnvironmentEnvironmentFactorsFactors

Internal World + External World = UsInternal World + External World = Us


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Personal Control

Internal Locus of ControlInternal Locus of ControlYou pretty much control your own destiny

External Locus of ControlExternal Locus of Control

Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny

Methods of StudyMethods of Study

Correlate feelings of control with behaviorCorrelate feelings of control with behavior Experiment by raising/lowering peoples sense ofExperiment by raising/lowering peoples sense of

control and noting effectscontrol and noting effects


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Self efficacy

Magnitude- related to self capability

Strength

Generality

Effect on organizational implications

Selection-decisions

Training programme

Goal-setting


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Outcomes of Personal Control

Learned HelplessnessLearned Helplessness

Uncontrollable

bad events

Perceived

lack of control

Generalized

helpless behavior

ImportantImportantIssueIssue

Nursing Homes

Prisons


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Major personality attributes

influencing OB

Locus of control

Machiavellianism

Self-esteem Self-monitoring

Risk taking

Proactive personality


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Achieving personality fit

The person organization fit

The person job fit

Realistic

Investigative

Social

Conventional

artistic


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Measuring personality

Self report surveys

Observer rating survey

Projective techniques

Documents

Five Model of Personality 2007