Flash Eurobarometer 440 Report Introduction of the …...yet adopted the common currency April 2016 Report Flash Eurobarometer 440 This survey was carried out by the TNS Political

Flash Eurobarometer 440

Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Flash Eurobarometer 440 – TNS Political & Social

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency

Report

Fieldwork

April 2016 Publication

May 2016


Report

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency

April 2016

Survey conducted by TNS Political & Social at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Survey co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication

(DG COMM “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit)

Project number 2016.3688 Project title Flash Eurobarometer 440 - April 2016

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency, Spring 2016

Report Linguistic version EN Catalogue number KC-02-16-309-EN-N ISBN 978-92-79-57957-8 doi:10.2765/12914 © European Union, 2016

http://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/PublicOpinion

0

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency April 2016

Report


TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

KEY FINDINGS 3

I. AWARENESS OF THE EURO 5

1 Self-assessed level of information 5

2 Awareness of the number of countries currently using the euro 7

3 Experience with euro cash 8

4 Familiarity with the design of banknotes and coins 9

a. Banknote design 9

b. Coin design 10

II. INFORMATION CAMPAIGN ON THE CHANGEOVER TO THE EURO 11

1 Trusted distributors of information for changeover to euro 11

2 Preferred topics for information campaign 13

3 Information actions considered essential 15

III. ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTRODUCING THE EURO 17

1 The impact of adopting the euro in other countries 17

2 Opinion about adopting the euro 19

a. Perception of readiness of the country 20

b. Consequences of introducing the euro at personal level 21

c. Consequences of introducing the euro for the country 23

3 Preferred timeframe for the introduction of the euro 25

IV. EXPECTATIONS OVER INTRODUCING THE EURO 27

1 Expected date of introduction of the euro 27

2. Managing the consequences of adopting the euro 28

a. The impact of the euro on prices 28

b. Abusive price setting and cheating 29

c. Perceived ability to manage the changeover 30

3. Other impacts of the euro 31

ANNEXES

Technical specifications

Questionnaire

Tables

1


Report


INTRODUCTION

All European Union Member States are part of the Economic and Monetary Union and as part of this union, these countries coordinate their economic policy-making in order to support and comply with EU aims. In doing so, now more than half of the Member States have replaced their national currency by the euro.

The adoption of the euro is a requirement of EU membership, and all Member States must adopt the common currency once they have satisfied the criteria defined in the Maastricht Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (however, this excludes Denmark and the UK, which have a specific opt-out from these Treaty provisions). There is no fixed timetable for the introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency, but the Treaty does require them to join the euro area at an undefined date in the future. These countries are Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden

Of the countries that joined the EU in or after 2004, Slovenia, Cyprus and Malta joined the euro area in 2007 and 2008; Slovakia followed in January 2009; Estonia joined in January 2011; Latvia joined in 2014; and Lithuania adopted the currency on 1 January 2015.

Having joined the European Union in 1995, at least nine years prior to the other countries in this survey, attitudes and opinions are occasionally quite different for Sweden. Therefore, the average that comprises all seven countries should be compared to previous editions of this study with caution.

This survey is the 18th in a series which began in 2004 and has helped the European Commission to track opinion, levels of knowledge and familiarity with the single currency among citizens regarding the future introduction of the common currency.

The report looks at:

§ levels of knowledge about and experience of the euro among citizens in the seven countries covered by the survey;

§ citizens’ feelings about how well they have been informed about the euro and their preferred information channels for learning more about it;

§ citizens’ perceptions of, and support for, the single currency;

§ and their expectations about the adoption of the euro both for themselves and for their country, and the potential positive or negative consequences they foresee.

2


Report


This survey was carried out by the TNS Political & Social network in the seven Member States that have not yet joined the euro area and have no specific opt-out, between 18 and 19 April 2016. Some 7,015 respondents from different social and demographic groups were interviewed via telephone in their mother tongue on behalf of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN).

The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit)1.. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Political & Social network is appended as an annex to this report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals2.

Note: In this report, countries are referred to by their official abbreviation. The abbreviations used in this report correspond to:

Czech Republic CZ Poland PL Bulgaria BG Romania RO Croatia HR Sweden SE Hungary HU

We wish to thank the people throughout the European Union who have given their time to take part in this survey. Without their active participation, this study would not have been possible.

1 http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm 2 The results tables are included in the annex. It should be noted that the total of the percentages in the tables of this report may exceed 100% when the respondent has the possibility of giving several answers to the question.

3


Report


KEY FINDINGS

Awareness

§ More than half of respondents in Sweden (55%) and the Czech Republic (54%) feel informed about the euro – in all other countries, this is the minority view.

§ Just under one third (32%) know there are 19 euro area countries. Less than half in each country are able to state correctly the number of Member States in the euro area.

§ Most respondents have already used euro banknotes or coins (73%), with at least six in ten in each country having done so. Overall, almost half have used them at home or at home and abroad, ranging from 84% in Romania to 9% in Sweden.

§ Nearly half of all respondents know euro banknotes look exactly the same in all euro countries (47%) – more than half correctly say this in Romania, Sweden and Croatia.

§ Less than half in every country know euro coins have partly different designs from country to country.

Information campaign

§ A majority of respondents would trust information provided by the National Central Bank in an information campaign on the changeover (73%), which this is the most trusted institution in all countries except Croatia. Journalists on the other hand are the least trusted.

§ A majority of respondents (80%) think it is essential to include the value of one euro in their country's currency in the information campaign, particularly in the Czech Republic (87%) and Poland (83%).

§ From a list of various campaign actions on the euro changeover, most respondents say that dual display of prices in shops is essential (76%). This is the most mentioned action in all countries but Poland.

Attitudes towards introducing the euro

§ More than a half of respondents mention that the introduction of the euro has had positive consequences in the countries that are already using it (52%). The Czech Republic and Croatia are the only countries where respondents are more likely to say the impact has been negative.

§ The proportion of respondents who are in favour of introducing the euro in their country varies widely, from 64% in Romania to 29% in the Czech Republic.

§ Less than one in five respondents overall believe that their country is ready to introduce the euro (17%), and no more than one quarter in any country say this.

§ With the exception of Romania, the prevailing view is that the introduction of the euro will have negative consequences for their country and for themselves.

§ Perhaps as a result, in all countries except Romania, respondents are most likely to say the euro should be introduced as late as possible, or never.

Expectations over the introduction of the Euro

§ Croatia (42%) and Bulgaria (37%) are the only countries where respondents are most likely to say the euro will be introduced within 5 years, while the majority in Sweden say it will never happen (55%)

§ Most respondents in each country think introducing the euro will increase prices, ranging from 78% in Poland to 52% in Hungary. The majority in each country are also concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover.

4


Report


§ A large majority of respondents in every country agrees they personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the national currency by the euro.

§ In all countries except Hungary and Poland, the majority agrees that adopting the euro will mean their country will lose control over its economic policy, and that their country will lose a part of its identity.

5


Report


I. AWARENESS OF THE EURO

The first section of the report looks at how informed respondents in the countries that have not yet adopted the euro feel about the euro. It then looks at the experience people have had with the currency and where they have used it.

1 Self-assessed level of information

- More than four in ten respondents feel well informed about the euro -

At least half of all respondents in Sweden (55%) and the Czech Republic (54%) feel well informed about the euro. In contrast, an absolute majority of respondents in Hungary (64%), Bulgaria (61%), Romania (59%), Croatia (54%) and Poland (53%) say they are not well informed.

Compared to 2015, respondents in Bulgaria are now more likely to feel informed about the euro (+5 percentage points). Respondents in Hungary are now less likely to feel informed (-5pp) and more likely to say they do not feel informed (+5pp).

Respondents in Bulgaria (-4pp), the Czech Republic (-4pp) and Poland (-2pp) are less likely to say they don't feel informed about the euro, compared to 2015.

6


Report


Base: All respondents (7,015)

Socio-demographic analysis shows the proportion of respondents who feel informed about the euro differs by gender: 53% of men feel informed compared to 36% of women. In addition, the higher a respondent’s education level, the more likely they are to feel informed - 50% of those with the highest education levels say this compared to 27% with the lowest levels. Respondents who have a favourable attitude to the introduction of the euro in their country are more likely to feel informed (49% vs. 41% with a negative attitude).

Q5 Towhatextentdoyoufeelinformedabouttheeuro?Doyoufeel:

7


Report


2 Awareness of the number of countries currently using the euro

- Just under a third of respondents know there are 19 countries in the euro area -

Respondents in the seven countries were then asked how many countries they thought were in the euro area and they were provided with four possible options: 6, 13, 19 (which is the correct answer) and 28.

Respondents in Sweden (42%) are the most inclined to answer correctly, while those in Romania (26%) are the least likely to do so.

Those in Romania are the most likely to say there are 6 euro area countries (15%), and they are also the most likely to say there are 28 euro area countries (12%). Respondents in the Czech Republic and Hungary (both 43%) are the most likely say there are 13 euro area countries.

The proportion of respondents who do not know how many EU countries have already introduced the euro ranges from 23% in Bulgaria, to 4% in Sweden.


Socio-demographic analysis shows that men are more likely than women to give the correct answer (39% vs. 25% of women). Those with the highest education levels are the most likely to give the correct answer, particularly compared to those with the lowest levels (35% vs. 25%). In addition, those who have already used euro banknotes or coins are more likely to give the correct answer than those who have not (34% vs. 26%). The same pattern applies comparing those who do and do not feel informed about the euro (39% vs. 27%).

8


Report


3 Experience with euro cash

- A majority of respondents have already used euro banknotes or coins -

Respondents were first asked whether they have used euro banknotes or coins before. The way this question was asked differs to the previous edition of the survey in 2015, when respondents were first asked whether they had seen euro banknotes or coins (in separate questions) and then those who had were asked whether they had used them. The 2015 results have been recalculated to provide a comparison3.

At least seven in ten respondents in Poland have already used euro banknotes or coins (72%), an increase of five percentage points since 2015. Although the proportion in the Czech Republic who has already used euro banknotes or coins is higher (79%), this actually represents a decline of six points over the same period. Respondents in Bulgaria (62%) and Hungary (61%) are least likely to have used euro banknotes and coins.


Socio-demographic analysis shows that men are more likely to have already used euro notes or coins, compared to women (77% vs. 70%), while respondents aged 55 or over are the least likely to have done so (63% vs. 77%-81%). The higher a respondent’s education level, the more likely they are to have already used euro banknotes or coins: 80% of those with the highest levels have done so, compared to 42% with the lowest levels. Employees (85%) and the self-employed (84%) are the most likely to have already used euro banknotes or coins, compared to manual workers (73%) and those who are not working (63%).

- Almost half of all respondents have already used euro banknotes or coins in their own country or in their own country and abroad –

Similar to the previous question, the results of the 2015 survey have been recalculated in order to provide a comparison with the 2016 results since the structure of the questionnaire has changed. In 2015 there was a question that specifically asked about euro banknotes and another that asked about euro coins.

Respondents who have already used euro banknotes and coins were asked where they had used them. More than eight out of ten of this group of respondents in Romania have already used euro

3 In 2015, respondents were asked in separate questions whether they had seen euro banknotes and whether they had seen euro coins. Those who said they had, were then asked whether they had used the euro banknotes or euro coins before. The four questions have now been effectively combined into one in the 2016 survey. The 2015 results were recalculated in order to provide a comparison by taking the respondents who said that they had either used euro banknotes or coins and dividing that result by the total sample.

Q1a Haveyoualreadyusedeurobanknotesorcoins?(%-YES)

73 82 89 85 76 67 63 63

73

86 8679 74 72

62 61

TOTAL SE HR CZ RO PL BG HU

April2015 April2016

9


Report


banknotes either in their country, or in their country and abroad (84%), while 58% in Croatia and 51% in Bulgaria say the same. This compares to just 9% in Sweden.

Since 2015, the proportion who have already used euro banknotes either in their country, or in their country and abroad has significantly increased in Romania (+24 percentage points), and has also increased notably in Croatia (+11pp) and Poland (+10pp).

Base: Respondents who have used euro banknotes or coins (N=5,114)

Socio-demographic analysis highlights that men are more likely to have already used euro banknotes or coins in their own country, or in their own country and abroad (51% vs. 41% of women). The lower a respondent’s education level, the more likely they are to have done this: 63% of those with the lowest education levels have done so compared to 42% of those with the highest levels. Employees are less likely than respondents in other occupation groups to have already used euro banknotes or coins in their own country, or in their own country and abroad (40% vs. 48%-52%). Respondents who have a favourable attitude to the introduction of the euro in their country are more likely to have used euros in these areas compared to those who have a negative attitude (51% vs. 41%).

4 Familiarity with the design of banknotes and coins

a. Banknote design

- Nearly half say euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries using the euro -

Romania (67%), Sweden (58%) and Hungary (57%) are the only countries where at least half know euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries. It is worth noting that compared to 2015, the proportions who give this correct answer have fallen in Bulgaria (-9 percentage points), Croatia (-7pp) and Hungary (-5pp). During the same period the proportion of respondents in Bulgaria who say the euro banknotes have partly different designs from country to country has increased by seven points.

Q1b Yousaidyoualreadyusedeurobanknotesorcoins.Wasit…?(%-IN(COUNTRY)+IN(COUNTRY)ANDABROAD)

36 60 47 48 34 34 25 5

46

84

5851

4432

26

9

TOTAL RO HR BG PL HU CZ SE

April2015 April2016

10


Report


Socio-demographic analysis shows women are the most likely to know euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries (50% vs. 44% of men). The youngest respondents are also much more likely to know this than those aged 25 or over (62% vs. 43%-48%).

b. Coin design

- More than one third know euro coins have partly different designs from country to country -

Less than half of the respondents in each country know euro coins have partly different designs from country to country: those in Hungary (48%) and the Czech Republic (47%) are the most likely to know this, compared to 23% in Croatia and 24% in Romania. Since 2015, the proportion of respondents that correctly answer the euro coins have partly different designs has increased in Bulgaria (+8 percentage points) and Romania (+5pp).


Socio-demographic analysis shows men are the most likely to know euro coins vary partly in design from country to country (46% vs. 29% of women). Unlike the case for banknotes, it is respondents in the 25-39 age cohort who are the most likely to know the correct answer about the design of euro coins (47% vs. 31%-40% of those aged 40 or over and 33% of those younger than 25). In terms of occupational groups, the self-employed are the most likely to know the design of euro coins varies from country to country (49% vs. 31-43%).

Q2 Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkiscorrect?(%-CORRECTANSWERS('THEEUROBANKNOTESLOOKEXACTLYTHESAMEINALLCOUNTRIESTHATUSETHEEURO'))

49 69 54 64 48 46 49 37

47

6758 57

46 41 40 38

TOTAL RO SE HR CZ HU BG PL

April2015 April2016

Q3 Andwhichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkiscorrect?(%-CORRECTANSWERS('THEEUROCOINSHAVEPARTLYDIFFERENTDESIGNSFROMCOUNTRYTOCOUNTRY'))

36 45 47 40 41 30 19 23

3748 47

40 40 38

24 23

TOTAL HU CZ PL SE BG RO HR

April2015 April2016

11


Report


II. INFORMATION CAMPAIGN ON THE CHANGEOVER TO THE EURO

This section looks at different aspects of the information campaign when a country joins the euro area. It first details who respondents trust to give them information about changeover, the topics they would most like to receive information on and the actions that are considered most important for communication.

1 Trusted distributors of information for changeover to euro

- Most respondents would trust information on the changeover to the euro if it came from the National Central Bank -

The National Central Bank is the most trusted source of information regarding the changeover to the euro in all but one country (Croatia). The proportions that would trust information from this source range from 87% in Sweden and 80% in Romania to 51% in Croatia. Compared to 2015, trust in the National Central Banks’ information has increased twelve percentage points in Poland and Bulgaria, but has dropped by eight points in Hungary.

Respondents in Bulgaria (66%) and Romania (65%) are the most likely to say they would trust information on the changeover to the euro from European institutions, while those in Croatia and the Czech Republic are least likely to say this (both 47%). Since 2015 trust has increased notably in Bulgaria (+11pp), but has declined in the Czech Republic (-10pp).

Respondents in Sweden (81%) are the most likely to trust information on the changeover to the euro from tax or fiscal administrations, compared to 34% of those in Croatia. Trust in tax or fiscal administrations has grown considerably in Bulgaria (+11pp), Poland (+10pp), Romania (+8pp) and Croatia (+7pp) since 2015.

Croatia is the only country where respondents are most likely to trust information provided by consumer associations (56%), although 61% in the Czech Republic and 60% in Sweden are also particularly likely to trust information from this source. Since 2015, trust in consumer associations has increased in Croatia, Bulgaria, Poland (all +10pp), Romania (+9pp) and the Czech Republic (+5pp).

Respondents in Sweden are the most likely to trust information of this kind coming from government, national or regional authorities (68%), while those in Croatia are the least likely to do so (31%). Trust in information provided by these authorities has increased in Bulgaria since 2015 (+7pp) but decreased amongst respondents in the Czech Republic (-11pp) and Sweden (-6pp).

The Czech Republic (57%) and Romania (53%) are the only countries where at least half trust information on the changeover to the euro from commercial banks. Since 2015 trust has grown most notably amongst respondents in Bulgaria (+10pp) and Romania (+9pp).

No more than four in ten respondents in any country would trust information provided by trade unions or professional organisations, although trust in them has increased notably amongst respondents in Romania (+13pp), Bulgaria (+10pp) and Croatia (+8pp) since 2015.

Trust in information on the changeover to the euro from journalists ranges from 48% of respondents in Romania to 17% in Hungary. Trust has increased noticeably amongst respondents in Romania (+15pp), Bulgaria (+8pp) and Poland (+6pp) since 2015.

12


Report



Socio-demographic analysis shows that for almost all these institutions or groups, trust decreases as the age of the respondent increases. For example, 83% of those aged 15-24 would trust this information from the National Central Bank, compared to 68% of those aged 55 or over. The exceptions are trust in consumer organisations, which is strongest amongst 25-54 year olds (54-56%), and journalists, who are least likely to be trusted by those aged 15-24 (22% vs. 31-32%). Respondents who have a favourable attitude towards the introduction of the euro in their country are more likely to trust information from each of these sources except for trade unions and professional organisations, where those who are more favourable towards the introduction of the euro are no more likely to trust them than those who are less favourable.

A similar pattern can also be observed for those who expect the consequences of introducing the euro to be positive for themselves personally, and for their country.

13


Report


2 Preferred topics for information campaign

- Most respondents consider it essential the information campaign includes the value of one euro in their country's currency -

A majority of respondents in each country think that issues such as the design of banknotes and coins, the exchange value and adoption process are essential parts of a campaign about the changeover to the euro. The two exceptions are Croatia and Sweden, where only 32% and 44% of respondents respectively think the campaign should explain what the euro banknotes and coins look like. The social, economic or political implications are the most mentioned issue in Bulgaria (84%) and Sweden (76%), while the value of one euro in their country's currency is the most mentioned issue in Romania (80%) and Hungary (71%). The practical implications of the euro regarding their salary, and their bank account are the most mentioned issue by respondents in Poland (84%), while both the way the euro will be introduced and the social, economic or political implications are the most important issues for those in the Czech Republic (88%).

Since 2015, the proportion of respondents who think it essential to be informed about the value of one euro has grown in Bulgaria (+9 percentage points), Croatia (+7pp), Romania (+6pp) and Poland (+5pp). There have also been large increases in the proportion of respondents in Croatia (+21pp) and Bulgaria (+13pp) who consider the social, economic or political implications of the euro an essential issue for information campaigns.

Compared to 2015, respondents in several countries are now more likely to think it essential to be informed about the practical implications of the euro regarding their salary, and their bank account: Croatia (+11pp), Bulgaria (+10pp) and Poland (+7pp). The proportion of respondents who think it essential to be informed about the way the euro will be introduced in their country has also increased in the same period in Croatia (+11pp), Poland (+7pp), Bulgaria and Romania (both +5pp).

Croatia (now 69%, +19pp) and Bulgaria (79%, +12pp) have recorded large increases in the proportion of respondents who consider it essential to include how to ensure that the rules for the currency conversion into euro are respected in the information campaign.

Since 2015, there have been increases in the proportion of respondents in Croatia (+7pp) and Romania (+5pp) who say it is essential to include information about what euro banknotes and coins look like. Conversely, the proportion of respondents saying the same has fallen in Hungary (-5pp).

14


Report



Socio-demographic data show women are more likely than men to think that information about what the euro notes and coins look like is essential (64% vs. 56%). All age groups agree that the value of one euro in their currency is essential information to include (79-81%), but for the other types of information those aged 55 or over are generally less likely to see them as essential. The longer respondents remained in education, the more likely they are to say each type of information (except for banknote and coin design) is essential: 73% with the lowest education levels say this about the value of one euro, compared to 81% of those with the highest levels.

Q7

Thevalueofoneeuro

in(COUNTRYCURRENCY)

April2016-April2015

Thesocial,economicorpolitical

implicationsoftheeuro

April2016-April2015

Thepracticalim

plicationsoftheeuro

regardingyoursalary,yourbankaccount

April2016-April2015

Thewayhowtheeurowillbe

introducedin(OURCOUNTRY)

April2016-April2015

Howtoensurethattherulesforthe

currencyconversionintoeuroarerespected

April2016-April2015

Whatnotesandcoinsineuroslooklike

April2016-April2015

Don'tknow

TOTAL 80 3 78 3 78 3 77 3 75 4 60 3 4

BG 80 9 84 13 79 10 79 5 79 12 62 4 4

CZ 87 1 88 2 84 1 88 = 86 2 69 3 2

HR 74 7 60 21 59 11 66 11 69 19 32 7 6

HU 71 4 67 3 69 4 63 5 60 3 55 5 5

PL 83 5 82 4 84 7 79 7 74 3 62 3 3

RO 80 6 75 4 76 3 79 5 78 4 68 5 5

SE 73 2 76 2 71 4 71 6 74 4 44 3 3

In your view, which of the following issues about the euro are essential to be covered in priority by

theinformationcampaignonthechangeovertotheeuroin(OURCOUNTRY)?

(%)

15


Report


3 Information actions considered essential

- A majority of respondents say dual display of prices in shops (in their current national currency and in euro) is essential -

In all but one country dual display of prices in shops is the most mentioned action, with at least seven in ten in each country mentioning this. The exception is Poland where 68% mention dual display and 71% mention an internet or social media campaigns. Since 2015 mentions of dual display have increased in Bulgaria (+10pp), Poland (+7pp), Romania and Croatia (both +5pp).

Internet or social media campaigns are considered essential by at least six in ten in every country. In comparison with 2015, more respondents in Bulgaria (+15pp), Croatia (+12pp), Hungary (+11pp), Romania (+6pp) and Sweden (+5pp) now say the internet and social media are essential.

More than half of the respondents in every country consider TV advertisements essential. Furthermore, in six out of the seven countries studied, respondents are more likely than they were in 2015 to say these are essential: Hungary (+14pp), Bulgaria (+12pp), Croatia (+11pp), Poland (+9pp), Sweden (+8pp) and the Czech Republic (+7pp).

Dual display of the amount on bills or on their pay slip is also considered essential by more than half of the respondents in each country. Compared to 2015, the proportion of respondents in Croatia (+6pp) and Bulgaria (+5pp) who think this way about dual display on their bills has increased.

Hungary is the only country where fewer than half think newspaper advertisements are essential (37% vs. 52%-68%). The proportion of respondents who consider them essential has increased in Croatia (+16pp), Bulgaria (+10pp), Romania (+8pp), Poland and the Czech Republic (both +5pp) since 2015.

Respondents in Romania (65%) and Poland (64%) are the most likely to consider radio advertisements essential, and the proportions who think this way have increased since 2015 in Croatia (+14pp), Bulgaria (+8pp), Romania, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary (all +6pp). Respondents in Romania are also the most likely to say leaflets and brochures are essential – an increase of seven points since 2015. The proportions who say this in Bulgaria (+11pp) and Croatia (+8pp) have also increased during this period.

16


Report



Socio-demographic analysis shows few clear patterns. The youngest respondents are the least likely to see dual display (65% vs. 75-79%) or leaflets or brochures (38% vs. 47%-54%) as essential, while those aged 55 or over are least likely to think internet or social media campaigns essential (63% vs. 73%-74%). Those with the lowest education levels are generally the least likely to consider each type of campaign essential, although in some cases the differences are small. How informed respondents feel about the euro has no impact on their opinions about which campaigns are essential.

17


Report


III. ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTRODUCING THE EURO

This chapter looks at the general attitudes people in the seven countries have towards the euro, both in terms of the impact it has had on other countries and what they expect it will mean for them when their country joins the euro area.

1 The impact of adopting the euro in other countries

- Just over a half of all respondents say the introduction of the euro has had positive consequences -

The Czech Republic (52%) and Croatia (49%) are the only two countries where more respondents think the euro has had negative consequences in the countries already using it than a positive impact. In other countries, a majority of respondents think the consequences have been positive: Hungary (61%), Romania (60%), Poland (54%), Bulgaria (48%) and Sweden (43%).

Respondents in Sweden are now more likely than they were in 2015 to say the introduction of the euro has had positive consequences (+7 percentage points). Respondents in Bulgaria and Croatia, on the other hand, are now less likely to think this way (both -5pp). Since 2015, the proportion of respondents who think the introduction of the euro has had negative consequences has increased in Bulgaria (+6pp), but decreased in Sweden (-5pp).

18


Report



Analysis of socio-demographic data shows those aged 15-24 are the most likely to think the euro has had positive consequences in the countries already using it (64%), particularly compared to this aged 55 or over (48%). Employees are the most likely to say the impact has been positive in other countries (56% vs. 48-51%). Perhaps not surprisingly, respondents who have a favourable attitude towards the introduction of the euro are much more likely to say the impact in other countries is positive (79% vs. 30% with a negative attitude), and the same applies comparing those who see the personal and national consequences of introducing the euro as positive, with those who see it as negative.

Q9 Whatimpactdoyouthinktheintroductionoftheeurohashadinthecountriesthatarealreadyusingtheeuro?

19


Report


2 Opinion about adopting the euro

- Just over four in ten respondents are in favour of introducing the euro -

The proportion of respondents who are in favour of introducing the euro varies widely, from 64% in Romania to 29% in the Czech Republic. Across all countries, respondents in Romania are the most likely to be very much in favour of introducing the euro (22%), while those in Sweden are the least likely to say this (4%). Given these results it is not surprising that the proportion of respondents against introducing the euro also varies – from 70% of respondents in the Czech Republic to a third of respondents in Romania (33%). Just over four in ten respondents in the Czech Republic are very much against introducing the euro (41%), compared to less than one in ten respondents in Hungary (8%).


Socio-demographic analysis shows that men are more in favour of introducing the euro in their country, compared to women (50% vs. 42%). Employees are the most likely to be in favour, particularly compared to manual workers (50% vs. 38%). Those in favour of introducing the euro are also more likely to be positive about its impact in other countries (68% vs. 17% who are negative), and positive about the expected impact on their country (89% vs. 15%) and on them personally (86% vs. 13% negative).

Q11 Generallyspeaking,areyoupersonallymoreinfavouroragainsttheideaofintroducingtheeuroin(OURCOUNTRY)?(%)

12 1120 22

14 8 12 13 11 9 10 10 5 4 7 7

37 34

48 4246

49 41 35 4438 34 31

27 26 22 22

2828

20 22 27 2927

3027

3028

2738 38

33 29

20 246 11 8 8 16 17 12 18 25 29 28 30 37 41

6 5 6 4 5 6 5

TOTAL-

April2015

April2016

RO-Ap

ril2015

April2016

HU-A

pril20

15

April2016

HR-A

pril20

15

April2016

BG-A

pril20

15

April2016

PL-A

pril20

15

April2016

SE-Ap

ril2015

April2016

CZ-A

pril20

15

April2016

Verymuchinfavourofitsintroduction Ratherinfavourofitsintroduction Ratheragainstitsintroduction Verymuchagainstitsintroduction Don'tknow

20


Report


a. Perception of readiness of the country

- Less than one in five respondents think their country is ready to introduce the euro -

Respondents in Romania (25%) are the most likely to think that their country is ready to introduce the euro, followed by one in five in the Czech Republic and Hungary (both 20%). Just over one in ten respondents in Poland (11%) take this view.


Socio-demographic data analysis highlights that those with the lowest education levels are the most likely to say their country is ready (25% vs. 16%), as are those who are positive about the euro’s impact in other countries, and those who are positive about the expected national and personal impacts of introducing the euro. Respondents who are in favour of introducing the euro in their country are much more likely to say it is ready than those who are against (32% vs. 4%).

Q4b Inyouropinion,is(OURCOUNTRY)readytointroducetheeuro?(%)

17 1727 25

15 20 17 20 21 19 20 18 20 17 11 11

79 7969 73

82 76 79 77 76 78 75 77 77 78 86 84

4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5

TOTAL-

April2015

April2016

RO-Ap

ril2015

April2016

CZ-A

pril20

15

April2016

HU-A

pril20

15

April2016

SE-Ap

ril2015

April2016

BG-A

pril20

15

April2016

HR-A

pril20

15

April2016

PL-A

pril20

15

April2016

Yes No Don'tknow

21


Report


b. Consequences of introducing the euro for the country

- Almost four in ten respondents think there will be positive consequences for their country from the introduction of the euro –

Romania is the only country where a majority – albeit by a small margin, 51% - think the introduction of the euro will have positive consequences for their country. In Hungary opinions are divided, with 45% saying the consequences would be positive, and 47% that they would be negative. In the other countries, the majority think the consequences would be negative. Since 2015, the opinion in most countries has become more negative, although in many cases by only one or two percentage points. The exceptions are Romania, where the proportion of respondents who think the consequences would be negative has increased five percentage points, and Poland, where the increase is four points. In contrast, respondents in the Czech Republic have become more positive (+4pp).

22


Report


Socio-demographic data show few consistent trends. Men are more likely to say the consequences of introducing the euro would be positive for their country, compared to women (43% vs. 36%). Respondents who are positive about the euro’s impact in other countries, and about the expected personal impacts of introducing the euro are more likely to be positive about the impact of introducing the euro in their country. Respondents who are in favour of introducing the euro in their country are much more likely to say the consequences would be positive than those who are negative (76% vs. 7%).

Q10.1 Doyouthinktheintroductionoftheeurowouldhavepositiveornegativeconsequencesfor…?(OURCOUNTRY)(%)

23


Report


c. Consequences of introducing the euro at personal level

- More than four in ten respondents say that the euro will have positive consequences for them personally –

Romania (56%) and Hungary (49%) are the only countries where respondents are more likely to say that the personal consequences of introducing the euro would be positive rather than negative. In the Czech Republic, Poland, Sweden and Bulgaria the majority of respondents are negative, while in Croatia opinions are more divided.

Since 2015, Bulgaria has seen the largest increase in the proportion of respondents who think the personal consequences would be negative (+6 percentage points), followed by a smaller increase in Poland (+4pp). In Hungary, the proportion who thinks the consequences would be positive has declined by four points since 2015.

Q10.2 Doyouthinktheintroductionoftheeurowouldhavepositiveornegativeconsequencesfor…?Youpersonally(%)

24


Report



Socio-demographic analysis shows men are more likely to be positive about the personal consequences, compared to women (46% vs. 36%). Respondents aged 55 or over are less likely to say the consequences for the country would be positive, compared to younger age groups (38% vs. 42-48%). Amongst occupation groups, employees (47%) and the self-employed (44%) are the most likely to be positive. Respondents who are positive about the expected impacts for the country of introducing the euro are more likely to be positive about the personal impact (85% vs. 12%).

25


Report


3 Preferred timeframe for the introduction of the euro

- A majority of respondents think the euro should be introduced as late as possible, or never -

The charts indicate that Romania is the only country where respondents are more likely to want the euro introduced as soon as possible than they are to want it as late as possible or never. Respondents in Romania (37%) are the most likely to agree that the euro should be introduced as soon as possible. At the other end of the scale, 7% in the Czech Republic say this this. At least four in ten respondents in Hungary (45%) would like the euro to become their currency after a certain time, compared to 22% of respondents in the Czech Republic and in Sweden.

The proportion of respondents who would like the euro to become their currency as late as possible ranges from just over a quarter in the Czech Republic (26%) to just under one in five in Romania (19%). Respondents in Sweden (47%) are the most likely not to want the euro to become their currency. In contrast, just over one in ten respondents in Romania (13%) state this.


Q12 Whenwouldyouliketheeurotobecomeyourcurrency?

26


Report


According to socio-demographic analysis, men are more likely than women to want the euro to be introduced as soon as possible (21% vs. 13% of women), while women are more likely to say as late as possible or never (53% vs. 44%). Those aged 15-24 are the most likely to want the euro introduced after a certain time (45%), while older age groups are most likely to say as late as possible or never (48%-54%). In terms of occupational groups, manual workers are the most likely to say they never want the euro introduced (35% vs. 24-29%).

27


Report


IV. EXPECTATIONS OVER INTRODUCING THE EURO

The fourth section looks at the expectations respondents have for when their country joins the euro area. It first discusses when people think they will join and then how the accession will affect them in various areas.

1 Expected date of introduction of the euro

- Less than a quarter of respondents think the euro will be introduced in their country in the next 5 years -

Respondents in Croatia (42%) and Bulgaria (37%) are most likely to say the euro will be introduced within 5 years in their country. These are the only countries where a relative majority say this. In contrast, just 9% in Sweden think the same way.

Just under half of respondents in Hungary (49%), and 38% in Romania say the euro will be introduced within 10 years in their country – in both cases a relative majority. At the other end of the scale, 27% of those in Bulgaria think the same way.

Respondents in Sweden (55%) are the most likely to say the euro will never be introduced in their country, followed by 41% in Poland and the Czech Republic.


Socio-demographic analysis indicates that those aged 25-54 are the most likely to say the euro will never be introduced (39-41%), particularly compared to those aged 15-24 (30%). Manual workers are the most likely to say the euro will never be introduced in their country (47%), compared to 32% of those not working and 35% of employees. In addition, negative attitudes tend to cluster together – those who are negative about the consequences of introducing the euro, and who are against it are more likely to say it will never be introduced in their country.

28


Report


2. Managing the consequences of adopting the euro

a. The impact of the euro on prices

- Nearly seven in ten respondents think the euro will increase prices -

Most respondents in each country think introducing the euro will increase prices, ranging from 78% in Poland to 52% in Hungary. The proportion who thinks this way has increased notably in Poland and Romania since 2015 (+8 percentage points in both cases).

Respondents in Hungary (34%) are the most likely to say introducing the euro will help keep prices stable, compared to 17% in Poland. Romania is the only country where at least one in ten think the introduction of the euro will help reduce prices.


According to socio-demographic analysis, women are more likely than men to think introducing the euro will increase prices (71% vs. 65%). Compared to those who completed their education aged 16+, those with the lowest education levels are less likely to say introducing the euro will increase prices (57% vs. 68-69%), but more likely to say it will help reduce prices (14% vs. 2-5%). Once again negative attitudes cluster - those who are negative about the consequences of introducing the euro, and who are against it are more likely to say it will increase prices, compared to those with more positive attitudes.

Q13 Whatimpact,ifany,doyouthinktheintroductionoftheeurowillhaveonpricesin(OURCOUNTRY)?(%)

63 68 7078 73 73

64 69 65 69 64 63

4755 53 52

2522 20

1719 19

2218 22

2022 25

3229 35 34

6 4 4 8 6 7 55 5

1310 6 6

5 4 5 4 4 6 5 4 4 7 4 7 4 5 6

TOTAL-A

pril20

15

April2016

PL-Ap

ril2015

April2016

CZ-Ap

ril201

5

April2016

BG-Ap

ril201

5

April2016

HR-April20

15

April2016

SE-Ap

ril2015

April2016

RO-Ap

ril2015

April2016

HU-Ap

ril201

5

April2016

Willincreaseprices Willhelpkeeppricesstable Willhelpreduceprices Noimpact(SPONTANEOUS) Don'tknow

29


Report


b. Abusive price setting and cheating

Respondents in Croatia (81%) and Bulgaria (78%) are the most likely to agree they are concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover, although in Bulgaria this represents a decline of six percentage points since 2015. In all other countries, this remains the majority opinion with at least two thirds taking this view, except in Sweden where 63% of respondents agree.

Since 2015, the proportion of people who feel concerned about abusive price setting has seen a slight increase in Croatia and Poland (both +3pp) but has decreased in Bulgaria (-6pp), Romania (-4pp) and Hungary (-3pp).


Socio-demographic analysis shows few differences, although those with the lowest education levels are also the least likely to be concerned about abusive price setting (62% vs. 73%-74%).

Q14.2 Couldyoutellmeforeachofthefollowingstatementsifyouagreeordisagree…?Youareconcernedaboutabusivepricesettingduringthechangeover(%)

30


Report


c. Perceived ability to manage the changeover

- A majority of respondents agree they will adapt to the replacement of the national currency with the euro -

A large majority of respondents in every country agrees they personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the national currency by the euro. It is worth noting, however, that respondents in Romania (-6 percentage points) and Hungary (-5pp) are less likely to agree than they were in 2015.

In Sweden (69%) and Romania (55%), an absolute majority of respondents ‘totally agree’ that they will personally manage to the new currency, while only a quarter of respondents feel this strongly in the Czech Republic (25%).


According to socio-demographic analysis, men are more confident than women about their ability to adapt to the replacement of their currency by the euro (85% vs. 74%). In addition, as education levels increase, so does the proportion of respondents who agree they will be able to adapt to the euro (63% of those with the lowest levels vs. 84% of those with the highest). Employees (89%) and the self-employed (85%) are the most likely to say they will be able to adapt to the euro.

Q14.1 Couldyoutellmeforeachofthefollowingstatementsifyouagreeordisagree…?Youpersonallywillmanagetoadapttothereplacementofthe(NATIONALCURRENCY)bytheeuro(%)

40 40

64 69

44 4055 55

4634

42 3628 33

24 25

41 39

2221

40 48

34 2838

4540

4248 43

47 45

10 105

58 6 4

49

11 89 14 14

17 16

7 8 8 6 611 4 5 7 11 8 8 11 11

5

TOTAL-

April2015

April2016

SE-Ap

ril2015

April2016

HR-A

pril20

15

April2016

RO-Ap

ril2015

April2016

HU-A

pril20

15

April2016

BG-A

pril20

15

April2016

PL-A

pril20

15

April2016

CZ-A

pril20

15

April2016

Totallyagree Tendtoagree Tendtodisagree Totallydisagree Don'tknow

31


Report


3. Other impacts of the euro

Hungary and Poland are the only countries where a majority of respondents disagree that adopting the euro will mean that their country will lose control over its economic policy (58% and 52% respectively). In other countries, a majority agrees with this statement. Since 2015 agreement that adopting the euro will mean losing control over economic policy has grown notably in Bulgaria (+9 percentage points) and Croatia (+8pp), but is declining in Sweden (-4pp).


Q14.3 Couldyoutellmeforeachofthefollowingstatementsifyouagreeordisagree…?Adoptingtheeurowillmeanthat(OURCOUNTRY)willlosecontroloveritseconomicpolicy(%)

32


Report


In the Czech Republic, Sweden (both 63%), Bulgaria (56%), Croatia (51%) and Romania (50%) at least half of all respondents agree adopting the euro will mean that their country will lose a part of its identity. Since 2015, the proportions who think this way have increased in Bulgaria (+8 percentage points), Hungary (+6pp) and Romania (+5pp).


Socio-demographic analysis reveals manual workers are the most likely to be concerned about losing control over economic policy (61%) or about losing part of the national identity (58%).

Q14.4 Couldyoutellmeforeachofthefollowingstatementsifyouagreeordisagree…?Adoptingtheeurowillmeanthat(OURCOUNTRY)willloseapartofitsidentity(%)

◊

TS 1

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency April 2016 Technical

specifications


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Between the 18 and 19 April 2016, TNS Political & Social, a consortium created between TNS political & social, TNS UK and TNS opinion, carried out the FLASH EUROBAROMETER 440 survey on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. It is a general public survey co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication, “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit.

The FLASH EUROBAROMETER 440 survey covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in the seven Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency and aged 15 years and over.

All interviews were carried using the TNS e-Call centre (our centralised CATI system). In every country the respondents were called both on fixed lines and mobile phones. The basic sample design applied in all states is multi-stage random (probability). In each household, the respondent was drawn at random following the "last birthday rule".

TNS has developed its own RDD sample generation capabilities based on using contact telephone numbers from responders to random probability or random location face-to-face surveys, such as Eurobarometer, as seed numbers. The approach works because the seed number identifies a working block of telephone numbers and reduces the volume of numbers generated that will be ineffective. The seed numbers are stratified by NUTS2 region and urbanisation to approximate a geographically representative sample. From each seed number the required sample of numbers are generated by randomly replacing the last two digits. The sample is then screened against business databases in order to exclude as many of these numbers as possible before going into field. This approach is consistent across all countries.

◊

TS 2

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency April 2016 Technical

specifications


Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:

various sample sizes are in rows various observed results are in columns

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

N=50 6,0 8,3 9,9 11,1 12,0 12,7 13,2 13,6 13,8 13,9 N=50

N=500 1,9 2,6 3,1 3,5 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,4 N=500

N=1000 1,4 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,7 2,8 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 N=1000

N=1500 1,1 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 N=1500

N=2000 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 N=2000

N=3000 0,8 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,8 N=3000

N=4000 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 N=4000

N=5000 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 N=5000

N=6000 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 N=6000

N=7000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 N=7000

N=7500 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=7500

N=8000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=8000

N=9000 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=9000

N=10000 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=10000

N=11000 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=11000

N=12000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=12000

N=13000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 N=13000

N=14000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=14000

N=15000 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=15000

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

Statistical Margins due to the sampling process

(at the 95% level of confidence)

◊

Q 1


Questionnaire


QUESTIONNAIRE

Q1a Have you already used euro banknotes or coins? (ONE ANSWER ONLY) Yes 1

No 2 DK/NA 3 FL418 Q2a MODIFIED

ASK Q1B IF CODE 1 IN Q1A

Q1b You said you already used euro banknotes or coins. Was it…? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) In (OUR COUNTRY) 1

Abroad 2 In (OUR COUNTRY) and abroad 3 DK/NA 4 FL418 Q2b + Q2c MODIFIED

ASK ALL

Q2 Which of the following statements do you think is correct? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) The euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries that use the

euro 1

The euro banknotes have partly different designs from country to country 2

DK/NA 3 FL418 Q3 MODIFIED

Q3 And which of these following statements do you think is correct? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) The euro coins look exactly the same in all countries that use the euro 1

The euro coins have partly different designs from country to country 2

DK/NA 3 FL418 Q4 MODIFIED

Q4a According to you, how many EU countries have already introduced the euro? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 6 1

13 2

19 3 28 4 DK/NA 5 FL418 Q5a

◊

Q 2


Questionnaire


Q4b In your opinion, is (OUR COUNTRY) ready to introduce the euro? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Yes 1

No 2 DK/NA 3 FL418 Q5b

Q4c When do you think the euro will be introduced in [OUR COUNTRY]? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Within 5 years 1 Within 10 years 2

Never 3

DK/NA 4 NEW BASED ON FL418 Q5c

Q5 To what extent do you feel informed about the euro? Do you feel: (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very well informed 1

Rather well informed 2 Not very well informed 3 Not at all well informed 4 DK/NA 5 FL418 Q6

Q6 Before the euro is introduced in (OUR COUNTRY) there would normally be an information campaign on the changeover. For each of the following institutions or groups, please tell me if you would trust information they provide on the changeover to the euro? (M)

(ROTATE CODES 1-8)

(READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) Government, national or regional authorities 1,

Tax/ fiscal administrations 2, National Central Bank 3, European Institutions 4, Commercial banks 5, Journalists 6, Trade unions, professional organisations, etc 7, Consumer associations 8, DK/NA 9 FL418 Q8 MODIFIED

◊

Q 3


Questionnaire


Q7 In your view, which of the following issues about the euro are essential to be covered in priority by the information campaign on the changeover to the euro in (OUR COUNTRY)? (M)

(ROTATE CODES 1-6) (READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) The way how the euro will be introduced in (OUR COUNTRY) 1,

The value of one euro in (COUNTRY CURRENCY) 2, What notes and coins in euros look like 3, How to ensure that the rules for the currency conversion into euro are

respected 4,

The practical implications of the euro regarding your salary, your bank account

5,

The social, economic or political implications of the euro 6, DK/NA 7 FL418 Q10 MODIFIED

Q8 Here is a list of various possible information campaign actions on the euro changeover. Could you tell me for each of them whether you would find it essential? (M)

(ROTATE CODES 1-8)

(READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) Dual display of prices in shops (in your national currency and in

euro) 1,

Dual display of the amount on bills (electricity, gas …) 2,

Dual display on your pay slip 3,

Leaflets/ brochures 4, TV advertisements 5, Radio advertisements 6, Newspaper advertisements 7,

On the internet/ social media 8, DK/NA 9 FL Q11 MODIFIED

Q9 What impact do you think the introduction of the euro has had in the countries that are already using the euro?

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very positive impact 1

Rather positive impact 2 Rather negative impact 3 Very negative impact 4 DK/NA 5 FL418 Q12

◊

Q 4


Questionnaire


Q10 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for…?

(READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Very

pos

itive

co

nseq

uenc

es

Rath

er p

ositi

ve

cons

eque

nces

Rath

er n

egat

ive

cons

eque

nces

Very

neg

ativ

e co

nseq

uenc

es

DK/

NA

1 (OUR COUNTRY) 1 2 3 4 5

2 You personally 1 2 3 4 5

FL418 Q13

Q11 Generally speaking, are you personally more in favour or against the idea of introducing the euro in (OUR COUNTRY)?

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very much in favour of its introduction 1

Rather in favour of its introduction 2 Rather against its introduction 3 Very much against its introduction 4 DK/NA 5 FL418 Q14

Q12 When would you like the euro to become your currency? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) As soon as possible 1

After a certain time 2 As late as possible 3 Never 4 DK/NA 5 FL418 Q15 MODIFIED

Q13 What impact, if any, do you think the introduction of the euro will have on prices in (OUR COUNTRY)?

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Will increase prices 1

Will help keep prices stable 2 Will help reduce prices 3 No impact (SP.) 4 DK/NA 5 FL418 Q16

◊

Q 5


Questionnaire


Q14 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?

(ROTATE ITEMS 1-4)

(READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Tota

lly a

gree

Tend

to

agre

e

Tend

to

disa

gree

Tota

lly d

isag

ree

DK/

NA

1

You personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) by the euro

1 2 3 4 5

2

You are concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover

1 2 3 4 5

3

Adopting the euro will mean that (OUR COUNTRY) will lose control over its economic policy

1 2 3 4 5

4 Adopting the euro will mean that (OUR COUNTRY) will lose a part of its identity

1 2 3 4 5

FL418 Q19

Introduction of the Euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency April 2016

Tables


Q1a

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 73 0 27 13 0

BG 62 -1 38 22 0CZ 79 -6 21 12 0HR 86 -3 14 8 0HU 61 -2 39 19 0PL 72 5 28 10 0RO 74 -2 26 15 0SE 86 4 14 9 0

Yes

No

Have you already used euro banknotes or coins?(%)

T1


Tables


Q1b

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 14 8 54 1 32 2 0

BG 18 7 49 7 33 -4 0CZ 2 1 74 2 24 0 0HR 15 9 42 4 43 2 0HU 7 2 68 8 25 -4 0PL 12 8 56 0 32 2 0RO 35 21 16 -2 49 3 0SE 1 1 91 0 8 3 0

In

(OU

R CO

UN

TRY)

Abro

ad

In (O

UR

COU

NTR

Y)

and

abro

ad

You said you already used euro banknotes or coins. Was it…?(%)

T2


Tables


Q2

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 47 -2 35 1 18

BG 40 -9 34 7 26CZ 46 -2 42 0 12HR 57 -7 22 1 21HU 41 -5 44 1 15PL 38 1 39 0 23RO 67 -2 20 3 13SE 58 4 35 -2 7

The

euro

ban

knot

es lo

ok

exac

tly th

e sa

me

in a

ll co

untr

ies

that

use

the

euro

The

euro

ban

knot

es h

ave

part

ly d

iffer

ent d

esig

ns

from

cou

ntry

to c

ount

ry

Which of the following statements do you think is correct?(%)

T3


Tables


Q3

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 45 -1 37 1 18

BG 34 -7 38 8 28CZ 42 1 47 0 11HR 50 -7 23 0 27HU 34 -6 48 3 18PL 40 3 40 0 20RO 61 -5 24 5 15SE 53 2 40 -1 7

The

euro

coi

ns lo

ok

exac

tly th

e sa

me

in

all c

ount

ries

that

us

e th

e eu

ro

The

euro

coi

ns h

ave

part

ly d

iffer

ent d

esig

ns

from

cou

ntry

to c

ount

ry

And which of these following statements do you think is correct?(%)

T4


Tables


Q4a

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 12 2 39 0 32 1 5 0 12 56 2

BG 9 1 31 -2 31 2 6 -2 23 46 -3

CZ 10 4 43 -5 36 1 4 0 7 57 -1

HR 9 1 37 -1 35 -2 3 -3 16 49 -3

HU 11 4 43 -3 36 1 2 -1 8 56 0

PL 13 1 40 0 30 1 3 0 14 56 1

RO 15 2 33 5 26 2 12 4 14 60 11

SE 7 1 42 -2 42 0 5 1 4 54 0

According to you, how many EU countries have already introduced the euro?(%)

6 13 19 28

Tota

l 'W

rong

an

swer

s'

T5


Tables


Q4b

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 17 0 79 0 4

BG 18 -2 77 2 5CZ 20 5 76 -6 4HR 17 -3 78 1 5HU 20 3 77 -2 3PL 11 0 84 -2 5RO 25 -2 73 4 2SE 19 -2 78 2 3

Yes

No

In your opinion, is (OUR COUNTRY) ready to introduce the euro?(%)

T6


Tables


Q4c

With

in 5

yea

rs

With

in 1

0 ye

ars

Nev

er

Don

't kn

ow

TOTAL 23 36 36 5

BG 37 27 28 8CZ 24 32 41 3HR 42 35 18 5HU 17 49 30 4PL 16 36 41 7RO 36 38 24 2SE 9 33 55 3

When do you think the euro will be introduced in [OUR COUNTRY]?(%)

T7


Tables


Q5

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 6 -1 38 1 42 -2 12 2 2 44 0 54 0

BG 8 1 30 4 48 -2 13 -2 1 38 5 61 -4

CZ 6 0 48 4 34 -5 10 1 2 54 4 44 -4

HR 8 1 37 -2 45 1 9 0 1 45 -1 54 1

HU 3 -1 32 -4 55 5 9 0 1 35 -5 64 5

PL 6 -2 38 3 39 -5 14 3 3 44 1 53 -2

RO 7 -1 33 0 45 -3 14 4 1 40 -1 59 1

SE 8 -2 47 -2 35 2 9 1 1 55 -4 44 3

Tota

l 'N

ot in

form

ed'

To what extent do you feel informed about the euro? Do you feel:(%)

Very

wel

l in

form

ed

Rath

er w

ell

info

rmed

Not

ver

y w

ell i

nfor

med

Not

at a

ll w

ell i

nfor

med

Tota

l 'In

form

ed'

T8


Tables


Q6

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 45 0 50 6 73 3 54 1 39 4

BG 42 7 45 11 68 12 66 11 42 10

CZ 53 -11 64 3 77 -4 47 -10 57 -2

HR 31 4 34 7 51 4 47 -2 25 5

HU 46 3 51 0 59 -8 55 -4 41 2

PL 38 3 39 10 73 12 49 5 24 4

RO 49 3 52 8 80 -2 65 3 53 9

SE 68 -6 81 -3 87 0 55 -5 47 0

Before the euro is introduced in (OUR COUNTRY) there would normally be an informationcampaign on the changeover. For each of the following institutions or groups, please tell me ifyou would trust information they provide on the changeover to the euro?(%)

Gov

ernm

ent,

natio

nal

or re

gion

al a

utho

ritie

s

Tax/

fisc

al a

dmin

istr

atio

ns

Nat

iona

l Cen

tral

Ban

k

Euro

pean

Inst

itutio

ns

Com

mer

cial

ban

ks

T9


Tables


Q6

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 30 5 33 6 48 6 7

BG 37 8 35 10 47 10 9CZ 21 0 36 4 61 5 6HR 20 3 29 8 56 10 14HU 17 0 31 4 45 1 8PL 28 6 28 5 43 10 9RO 48 15 40 13 46 9 4SE 26 1 38 -4 60 -4 3

Jour

nalis

ts

Trad

e un

ions

, pro

fess

iona

l or

gani

satio

ns, e

tc

Cons

umer

ass

ocia

tions

Before the euro is introduced in (OUR COUNTRY) there would normally be an informationcampaign on the changeover. For each of the following institutions or groups, please tell me ifyou would trust information they provide on the changeover to the euro?(%)

T10


Tables


Q7

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 77 3 80 3 60 3 75 4 78 3 78 3 4

BG 79 5 80 9 62 4 79 12 79 10 84 13 4CZ 88 0 87 1 69 3 86 2 84 1 88 2 2HR 66 11 74 7 32 7 69 19 59 11 60 21 6HU 63 -5 71 -4 55 -5 60 3 69 -4 67 -3 5PL 79 7 83 5 62 3 74 3 84 7 82 4 3RO 79 5 80 6 68 5 78 4 76 3 75 4 5SE 71 -6 73 -2 44 3 74 -4 71 -4 76 -2 3

In your view, which of the following issues about the euro are essential to be covered in priorityby the information campaign on the changeover to the euro in (OUR COUNTRY)?(%)

The

way

how

the

euro

will

be

intr

oduc

ed in

(OU

R CO

UN

TRY)

The

valu

e of

one

eur

o in

(CO

UN

TRY

CURR

ENCY

)

Wha

t not

es a

nd c

oins

in

eur

os lo

ok li

ke

How

to e

nsur

e th

at th

e ru

les

for t

he c

urre

ncy

conv

ersi

on

into

eur

o ar

e re

spec

ted

The

prac

tical

impl

icat

ions

of

the

euro

rega

rdin

g yo

ur s

alar

y,

your

ban

k ac

coun

t

The

soci

al, e

cono

mic

or

polit

ical

impl

icat

ions

of t

he e

uro

T11


Tables


Q8

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 76 6 66 0 64 0 49 2 67 8

BG 79 10 71 5 65 1 52 11 68 12

CZ 77 0 68 -3 61 -3 50 4 56 7

HR 71 5 65 6 59 4 36 8 68 11

HU 86 3 79 -2 76 3 28 0 63 14

PL 68 7 56 0 56 -1 50 -2 68 9

RO 84 5 78 2 76 4 64 7 74 1

SE 75 4 66 0 62 0 40 3 62 8

Here is a list of various possible information campaign actions on the euro changeover. Could youtell me for each of them whether you would find it essential?(%)

Dua

l dis

play

of p

rices

in

sho

ps (i

n yo

ur n

atio

nal

curr

ency

and

in e

uro)

Dua

l dis

play

of t

he a

mou

nt

on b

ills

(ele

ctric

ity, g

as …

)

Dua

l dis

play

on

your

pay

slip

Leaf

lets

/ br

ochu

res

TV a

dver

tisem

ents

T12


Tables


Q8

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0TOTAL 57 6 59 5 70 6 4

BG 51 8 53 10 73 15 5CZ 49 6 53 5 74 -2 4HR 53 14 52 16 58 12 7HU 46 6 37 2 64 11 3PL 64 6 65 5 71 4 5RO 65 6 68 8 69 6 2SE 40 3 58 2 68 5 5

Radi

o ad

vert

isem

ents

New

spap

er a

dver

tisem

ents

On

the

inte

rnet

/ so

cial

med

ia

Here is a list of various possible information campaign actions on the euro changeover. Could youtell me for each of them whether you would find it essential?(%)

T13


Tables


Q9

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 6 1 46 0 30 2 7 -1 11 52 1 37 1

BG 5 1 43 -6 30 6 6 0 16 48 -5 36 6

CZ 3 0 38 2 43 0 9 -1 7 41 2 52 -1

HR 6 2 31 -7 39 2 10 0 14 37 -5 49 2

HU 3 -2 58 2 25 1 3 1 11 61 0 28 2

PL 3 0 51 1 30 4 5 -3 11 54 1 35 1

RO 16 2 44 -2 21 1 9 2 10 60 0 30 3

SE 3 0 40 7 34 -3 8 -2 15 43 7 42 -5

Tota

l 'N

egat

ive

impa

ct'

What impact do you think the introduction of the euro has had in the countries that are alreadyusing the euro?(%)

Very

pos

itive

im

pact

Rath

er p

ositi

ve

impa

ct

Rath

er n

egat

ive

impa

ct

Very

neg

ativ

e im

pact

Tota

l 'P

ositi

ve im

pact

'

T14


Tables


Q10.1

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 6 0 33 -2 37 1 18 1 6 39 -2 55 2

BG 4 0 33 -3 37 -1 18 3 8 37 -3 55 2

CZ 4 1 26 3 43 -1 23 -3 4 30 4 66 -4

HR 7 -1 30 0 38 3 16 -2 9 37 -1 54 1

HU 4 -1 41 -4 39 5 8 -2 8 45 -5 47 3

PL 3 0 34 -2 38 2 20 2 5 37 -2 58 4

RO 16 1 35 -4 29 2 15 3 5 51 -3 44 5

SE 4 1 27 -1 43 -1 20 2 6 31 0 63 1

Tota

l 'N

egat

ive

cons

eque

nces

'

Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for…?(OUR COUNTRY) (%)

Very

pos

itive

co

nseq

uenc

es

Rath

er p

ositi

ve

cons

eque

nces

Rath

er n

egat

ive

cons

eque

nces

Very

neg

ativ

e co

nseq

uenc

es

Tota

l 'Po

sitiv

e co

nseq

uenc

es'

T15


Tables


Q10.2

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 7 0 34 -3 35 3 16 1 8 41 -3 51 4

BG 4 -1 34 -3 38 3 14 3 10 38 -4 52 6

CZ 5 0 24 -1 38 2 27 0 6 29 -1 65 2

HR 9 1 31 -3 32 0 12 -3 16 40 -2 44 -3

HU 5 -1 44 -3 33 3 7 -1 11 49 -4 40 2

PL 3 0 34 -2 39 3 18 1 6 37 -2 57 4

RO 20 4 36 -7 22 0 15 5 7 56 -3 37 5

SE 5 0 32 2 38 1 14 0 11 37 2 52 1

Tota

l 'N

egat

ive

cons

eque

nces

'

Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for…?You personally (%)

Very

pos

itive

co

nseq

uenc

es

Rath

er p

ositi

ve

cons

eque

nces

Rath

er n

egat

ive

cons

eque

nces

Very

neg

ativ

e co

nseq

uenc

es

Tota

l 'Po

sitiv

e co

nseq

uenc

es'

T16


Tables


Q11

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 11 -1 34 -3 28 0 24 4 3 45 -4 52 4

BG 9 -2 38 -6 30 3 18 6 5 47 -8 48 9

CZ 7 0 22 0 29 -4 41 4 1 29 0 70 0

HR 13 1 35 -6 30 3 17 1 5 48 -5 47 4

HU 8 -6 49 3 29 2 8 0 6 57 -3 37 2

PL 10 0 31 -3 27 -1 29 4 3 41 -3 56 3

RO 22 2 42 -6 22 2 11 5 3 64 -4 33 7

SE 4 -1 26 -1 38 0 30 2 2 30 -2 68 2

Tota

l 'Ag

ains

t its

intr

oduc

tion'

Generally speaking, are you personally more in favour or against the idea of introducing the euroin (OUR COUNTRY)?(%)

Very

muc

h in

favo

ur

of it

s in

trod

uctio

n

Rath

er in

favo

ur o

f its

intr

oduc

tion

Rath

er a

gain

st

its in

trod

uctio

n

Very

muc

h ag

ains

t its

intr

oduc

tion

Tota

l 'In

favo

ur o

f its

intr

oduc

tion'

T17


Tables


Q12

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 17 -1 33 -3 22 -20 26 26 2

BG 16 -2 41 -6 21 -9 18 18 4CZ 7 -1 22 -5 26 -37 44 44 1HR 16 1 36 -5 25 -15 19 19 4HU 16 -5 45 -2 21 -8 15 15 3PL 11 1 35 -3 23 -24 29 29 2RO 37 -3 30 -4 19 -3 13 13 1SE 8 -2 22 -2 21 -40 47 47 2

As s

oon

as p

ossi

ble

Afte

r a

cert

ain

time

As la

te

as p

ossi

ble

Nev

er

When would you like the euro to become your currency?(%)

T18


Tables


Q13

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

TOTAL 68 5 22 -3 4 -2 2 1 4

BG 69 5 18 -4 6 -2 2 2 5CZ 73 0 19 0 3 0 1 0 4HR 69 4 20 -2 5 -2 2 0 4HU 52 -1 34 -1 6 0 2 1 6PL 78 8 17 -3 1 -3 1 0 3RO 55 8 29 -3 10 -3 2 1 4SE 63 -1 25 3 5 0 3 1 4

Will

incr

ease

pric

es

Will

hel

p ke

ep

pric

es s

tabl

e

Will

hel

p re

duce

pric

es

No

impa

ct

(SPO

NTA

NEO

US)

What impact, if any, do you think the introduction of the euro will have on prices in (OURCOUNTRY)?(%)

T19


Tables


Q14.1

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 40 0 39 -2 10 0 8 1 3 79 -2 18 1

BG 36 -6 42 2 9 1 11 4 2 78 -4 20 5

CZ 25 1 45 -2 16 -1 11 0 3 70 -1 27 -1

HR 40 -4 48 8 6 -2 3 -3 3 88 4 9 -5

HU 34 -12 45 7 11 2 5 1 5 79 -5 16 3

PL 33 5 43 -5 14 0 8 0 2 76 0 22 0

RO 55 0 28 -6 4 0 11 5 2 83 -6 15 5

SE 69 5 21 -1 5 0 3 -5 2 90 4 8 -5

Tota

l 'D

isag

ree'

Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?You personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the (NATIONAL CURRENCY)by the euro (%)

Tota

lly a

gree

Tend

to a

gree

Tend

to d

isag

ree

Tota

lly d

isag

ree

Tota

l 'Ag

ree'

T20


Tables


Q14.2

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 39 2 34 -3 15 1 10 1 2 73 -1 25 2

BG 49 -1 29 -5 10 4 10 2 2 78 -6 20 6

CZ 35 -3 40 2 18 0 5 1 2 75 -1 23 1

HR 51 6 30 -3 10 -2 6 -1 3 81 3 16 -3

HU 26 -2 40 -1 22 2 7 -1 5 66 -3 29 1

PL 38 5 39 -2 15 0 7 -2 1 77 3 22 -2

RO 46 4 23 -8 10 -2 18 8 3 69 -4 28 6

SE 29 -3 34 1 20 5 16 -2 1 63 -2 36 3

Tota

l 'D

isag

ree'

Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?You are concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover (%)

Tota

lly a

gree

Tend

to a

gree

Tend

to d

isag

ree

Tota

lly d

isag

ree

Tota

l 'Ag

ree'

T21


Tables


Q14.3

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 21 1 27 0 27 -1 20 2 5 48 1 47 1

BG 23 3 31 6 20 0 18 -6 8 54 9 38 -6

CZ 25 3 29 -1 30 -1 13 1 3 54 2 43 0

HR 20 0 32 8 25 -4 17 -4 6 52 8 42 -8

HU 9 -3 26 6 32 -3 26 -1 7 35 3 58 -4

PL 18 2 27 -1 33 -2 19 4 3 45 1 52 2

RO 30 6 19 -5 19 -3 25 6 7 49 1 44 3

SE 29 -6 38 2 17 4 13 0 3 67 -4 30 4

Tota

l 'D

isag

ree'

Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?Adopting the euro will mean that (OUR COUNTRY) will lose control over its economicpolicy (%)

Tota

lly a

gree

Tend

to a

gree

Tend

to d

isag

ree

Tota

lly d

isag

ree

Tota

l 'Ag

ree'

T22


Tables


Q14.4

Don

't kn

ow

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

FL44

0

Diff.

FL440-FL418

TOTAL 26 2 24 0 24 0 23 -1 3 50 2 47 -1

BG 29 4 27 4 19 5 21 -9 4 56 8 40 -4

CZ 37 0 26 -3 24 3 12 1 1 63 -3 36 4

HR 26 1 25 -3 25 4 19 -4 5 51 -2 44 0

HU 11 -3 28 9 31 4 25 -11 5 39 6 56 -7

PL 21 1 23 -1 29 -3 25 4 2 44 0 54 1

RO 32 8 18 -3 16 -4 30 1 4 50 5 46 -3

SE 33 -2 30 -1 17 5 19 -2 1 63 -3 36 3

Tota

l 'D

isag

ree'

Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?Adopting the euro will mean that (OUR COUNTRY) will lose a part of its identity (%)

Tota

lly a

gree

Tend

to a

gree

Tend

to d

isag

ree

Tota

lly d

isag

ree

Tota

l 'Ag

ree'

T23

Documents

Flash Eurobarometer 440 Report Introduction of the …...yet adopted the common currency April 2016 Report Flash Eurobarometer 440 This survey was carried out by the TNS Political