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DESIGN OF MECHANICAL FLAT - BED DRYER
ASSUMPTIONS:
Initial Palay Weight, Wi : 500 Kgs.Initial Moisture Content, Mci : 24 %Final Moisture Content, Mcf: 15 %
Drying Properties:
Atmospheric Air: Inlet Air: Outlet Air:
Relative Humidity: 70 % 75 %Temperature: 20 °C 42 °C 25 °C
68 ºF 107.6 ºF 77 ºF
Abs. Humidity, H: 0.0102 Kg./Kg dry air 0.0149 Kg./Kg dry airEnthalpy, E: 11 Kcal/Kg. 16.1 Kcal/Kg.Abs. Volume, Va: 0.908 cu.m./kg.
1.) Calculate for the Water Removed:
Ww = Wi - Wi(1-Mci)/(1-Mcf) 52.94 Kgs. of Water
at 8 hours drying operation: 6.62 Kgs./hour
2.) Calculate air volume required to remove the water from the grain:
G = Ww/(H2-H1) 1,408.01 Kgs./hour
Q = G*r 1,278.47 cu.m./hr.of dry air
0.36 cu.m./sec.of dry air 751.90 cu.ft./min.of dry air
3.) Calculate the Heat energy required:
q = G(E2-E1) 7,180.85 Kcal/hr.
4.) Calculate/Determine the amount of fuel to Dry the Palay @ 14% MC for 8 hours.
Sr Fuel Approx heating value Kcal/Kg Fuel Reqt.
Dry StateKg/8-hr.
A BIOMASS
1 Wood 1500 3500 16.41
2 Cattle dung 1000 3700 15.53
3 Bagasse 2200 4400 13.06
4 2400 2500 22.98
5 3000 3000
19.15
6 3500 3500
16.41
7 4000 4000 14.36
8 4200 4200 13.68
9 Cotton husks 4400 4400 13.06
10 Peat 6500 6500 8.84
B
1 Coal 5500 10.44
2 Coke 6500 8.84
3 Charcoal 7000 8.21
Natural State
Wheat and rice straw
Cane trash, rice husk, leaves and vegetable wastes
Coconut husks, dry grass and crop residues
Groundnut shells
Coffee and oil palm husks
FOSSIL FUELS
4 Carbon 8000 7.18
5 Fuel oil 9800 5.86
6 10000 5.74
7 Petrol 10800 5.32
8 Paraffin 10500 5.47
9 Natural gas 8600 6.68
10 Coal gas 4000 14.36
11 860 66.80 Kw/8-hr.
12 5350
128.85
5.) Calculate the Drying Bin dimension:
Drying Bin dimension
CFM/sq.ft. Inches, Water Width,m. Length, m.
12.50 3/16 60.15 1.50 3.73 14.00 1/4 53.71 1.50 3.33 17.00 5/16 44.23 1.50 2.74 21.00 6.5/16 35.80 1.50 2.22 24.00 1/2 31.33 1.50 1.94 28.00 5/8 26.85 1.50 1.66 30.00 10.5/16 25.06 1.50 1.55
Kerosene and diesel
Pressure Drop
Bio gas(Kcal/cu mtr) (12 kg of dung produces 1 cu. Mtr gas)
kgs. of dung (e.g.swine manure, etc) reqd.
Air Flow Rate per
unit Area of Drying Bin,
Q:
Pressure drop per
Foot depth of Grain,
Ph:
Area of a Drying Bin Required:
Square Foot of Grain
1.) Calculating the Moisture Ratio:
MC, %: 24.00
MR = (MC - Mce)/(Mci-Mce) 1.00
MR = e^(-x)(t^y) -0.5214519034 0.593658
Where: x = 0.026 - 0.0045h + 0.01215T 0.521452Y = 0.013362 +0.194h - 0.000177h^2 + 0.009468T 13.12372
2.) Calculating the Drying Time:
td = M/V(ha-hea) 3.30 Hours
t0.5 = td/Y 0.25
DM = V*Cp*t0.5*(Tdh-Twa)/Ln/(Mco-Mce)