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Valuation of dotcom companies Beneath the gloss of scorching growth and valuations of Indian ecommerce companies, there are nagging questions about their accounting practices and ownership patterns that recall the Internet bubble of 2000. These two questions are central to the operations of the poster boy of ecommerce in India: flipkart.com, the 70crore online retailer of books and electronics that is reportedly close to bagging a private equity investment at a valuation of $1 billion (about 4,500 crore). They also have a bearing on a clutch of other companies, including Flipkart, Myntra and Snapdeal. According to Grant Thornton, in the first six months of calendar 2011, private equity firms invested $108 million in nine ecommerce companies. Valuations, though, are a concern. "I think it (valuations in general) is a bubble, though I hope it is not," says K Vaitheeswaran, founder of Indiaplaza.com, who has lived through two crashes in his 12 years in this business. Adds Mahesh Murthy, a venture capitalist: "In these cases of high Indian valuation, the number seems to be driven by the 'find a greater fool theory' where you believe it is okay to value someone at $1 billion because you think you can find a fool who will buy it from you at $3 billion in a few years." Inflating Profits in Current Year The first issue relates to the credibility of the net profit number that some ecommerce players are putting out. This question arises from how they account for the discounts they offer substantial in many cases. Several companies are reportedly indulging in creative accounting of marketing expenses, including discounts. The net effect of this creative accounting is to postpone expenses to later years and inflate profits in the current one. The issue was first flagged in the Indian media by Murthy, who, in a column in Tehelka magazine, dated August 2, termed it "nonsense accounting practices at some of these ecommerce firms". It works like this. Say, the cost price of a book for an ecommerce firm is 100. It offers it for sale for 120, but also offers a 30 discount, be it in the form of cash or a gift certificate. A customer buys the book at an effective price of 90. But XYZ does not record 90 as revenue and 10 as loss. It breaks it down into two entries. The first entry records 120 as revenue and 20 (120100) as profit. The second entry records the 30 discount as an expense. But this is not expensed the same year. Instead, it is capitalised and written off over many years, thus inflating profits in the current year. The annual reports of Flipkart and group entity WS Retail for 200910 the latest available with the corporate affairs ministry (MCA) and the year before its growth took off do not show such writeoffs. "I am not aware of such a practice in Flipkart," says Sachin Bansal, the company's cofounder. When asked specifically if any current expense was being capitalised, he replied: "I will not comment." Most ecommerce players have taken off in the past 18 months, gaining traction with the online consumer. Aided by cash from PE and VC firms, ecommerce companies have rolled out aggressive pricing and deals to drive revenues. Profits, though, are another matter. In 200910, Flipkart reported a loss of 90 lakh on sales of 11.6 crore. Flipkart clocked revenues of Rs 500 crore in FY 201112, a tentime increase from Rs 50 crore in FY 201011.

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Valuation of dotcom companies 

Beneath the gloss of scorching growth and valuations of Indian e‐commerce companies, there are nagging questions about their accounting practices and ownership patterns that recall the Internet bubble of 2000. These two questions are central to the operations of the poster boy of e‐commerce  in India: flipkart.com, the 70‐crore online retailer of books and electronics that  is reportedly close to bagging a private equity investment at a valuation of $1 billion (about 4,500 crore). They also have a bearing on a clutch of other companies, including Flipkart, Myntra and Snapdeal. According to Grant Thornton, in the first six months of calendar 2011, private equity firms invested $108 million in nine e‐commerce companies.  

Valuations, though, are a concern. "I think it (valuations in general) is a bubble, though I hope it is not," says K Vaitheeswaran, founder of Indiaplaza.com, who has lived through two crashes in his 12 years in this business. Adds Mahesh Murthy, a venture capitalist: "In these cases of high Indian valuation, the number seems to be driven by the 'find a greater fool theory' ‐ where you believe it is okay to value someone at $1 billion because you think you can find a fool who will buy it from you at $3 billion in a few years." 

Inflating Profits in Current Year 

The first issue relates to the credibility of the net profit number that some e‐commerce players are  putting  out.  This  question  arises  from  how  they  account  for  the  discounts  they  offer  ‐ substantial in many cases. Several companies are reportedly indulging in creative accounting of marketing expenses, including discounts. 

The net effect of  this  creative  accounting  is  to postpone expenses  to  later  years  and  inflate profits in the current one. The issue was first flagged in the Indian media by Murthy, who, in a column in Tehelka magazine, dated August 2, termed it "nonsense accounting practices at some of these e‐commerce firms". It works like this. Say, the cost price of a book for an e‐commerce firm is 100. It offers it for sale for 120, but also offers a 30 discount, be it in the form of cash or a gift certificate. A customer buys the book at an effective price of 90. But XYZ does not record 90 as revenue and 10 as loss. It breaks it down into two entries. The first entry records 120 as revenue and 20 (120‐ 100) as profit. The second entry records the 30 discount as an expense. But  this  is not  expensed  the  same  year.  Instead,  it  is  capitalised  and written  off  over many years, thus inflating profits in the current year. 

The annual reports of Flipkart and group entity WS Retail for 2009‐10 ‐ the latest available with the corporate affairs ministry (MCA) and the year before its growth took off ‐ do not show such write‐offs. "I am not aware of such a practice in Flipkart," says Sachin Bansal, the company's co‐founder. When asked specifically if any current expense was being capitalised, he replied: "I will not comment." Most e‐commerce players have taken off in the past 18 months, gaining traction with the online consumer. Aided by cash  from PE and VC  firms, e‐commerce companies have rolled out aggressive pricing and deals to drive revenues. Profits, though, are another matter. In 2009‐10, Flipkart reported a loss of 90 lakh on sales of 11.6 crore.  Flipkart clocked revenues of Rs 500 crore in FY 2011‐12, a ten‐time increase from Rs 50 crore in FY 2010‐11.