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Floating BreakwaterPreparation of Design and Implementation in Indonesia
Presented by
Andojo Wurjanto
SEMINAR FLOATING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGYITB Bandung, 26 June 2009
Breakwater*) = a man-made structure protecting a shore area, anchorage, or basin from waves. A harbor work.
*) Coastal Enginering Manual 2002-2008
Terminology
http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/
Harbor What is to be protected?
http://www-svsarah.com/
HighwayWhat is to be protected?
Private archiveJalan Raya Pesisir Kalimantan Barat Jul 2004
Tourist DestinationWhat is to be protected?
Private archivePantai Kuta Bali Feb 2009
CommunityWhat is to be protected?
Private archivePantai Kota Padang 2007
Economic AssetsWhat is to be protected?
Private archiveSawah, Pipa Minyak Pertamina di Indramayu Jan 2009
Conventional BreakwaterBreakwater the Protector
Made of rock or concrete. Built on seabed. Strength (stability) from its heavy weight.
Inonventional Breakwater: FloatingBreakwater the Protector
Must have buoyancy. Not founded on seabed. Wave attenuation due to its large size or energy transfer
to seabed by means of tether.
BoxTypes of Floating Breakwater
http://www.fdn-engineering.nl/
Box Floating Breakwater for Port of Hercule, Monaco, shown here being constructed in Spain
Type 1
Pontoon:Example ofApplication
Types of Floating Breakwater
http://www.supflex.com/
Pontoon Floating Breakwater: Example of application
Type 2
Pontoon: ConceptTypes of Floating Breakwater
Nece, R.E. dan Richey, E.P., 1972. Wave Transmission Tests of Floatring Breakwater for Oak Harbor. Water Resources Series, Technical Report No. 32. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Type 2
Mat:Example ofApplication
Types of Floating Breakwater
Simm, Jonathan; Wallis, Michael J; danCollins, Ken; ed, 2005. Sustainable Re-use of Tyres in Port, Coastal and River Engineering: Guidance for planning, implementation and maintenance. Report SR-669, HR Wallingford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
Type 3
TFB = Tethered Float Breakwater: ConceptTypes of Floating Breakwater
Mulvihill, E.L; Fransisco, C.A.; Glad, J.B., Kaster. K.B., dan Wilson, R.E., 1980. Biological Impact of Minor Shoreline Structures on the Coastal Environment: State of the Art Review. Volume I. Report No. FWS/OBS-77/51, Biological Services Program US Fish and Wildlife Services, USA.
Type 4
Manufactured BreakwaterTypes of Floating Breakwater
Whisprwave Floating Breakwater http://www.whisprwave.com/
Type 5
Manufactured BreakwaterTypes of Floating Breakwater
Wavebrake Floating Breakwater http://www.wavebrakefl.com/
Type 5
AdvantagesFloating Breakwater
a) Biaya awal PGT untuk perairan dalam (lebih dari 4 meter).
b) PGT efektif meredam gelombang moderat (tinggigelombang tidak lebih dari 2 meter).
c) PGT cocok untuk perairan yang memiliki kondisi tanahlembek.
d) Terhadap lingkungan PGT berdampak kecil dibanding PG konvensional.
e) PGT dapat mudah dipindahkan.f) PGT tidak menyebabkan scour.
DisdvantagesFloating Breakwater
a) Perairan tidak terlindung sepenuhnya.b) Umur PGT pendek.c) PGT memerlukan biaya perawatan besar.d) PGT tidak efektif meredam gelombang besar (tinggi lebih
dari 2 meter).e) PGT dapat rusak sewaktu-waktu tanpa indikasi dini.f) PGT tidak efektif meredam gelombang agak panjang
(perioda lebih dari 6 detik).g) Jika struktur PGT terlepas dari jangkarnya, komponen
terapung dapat menjadi sumber bahaya (hazard).h) Belum ada pedoman perencanaan yang mapan.
Kondisi UmumFloating Breakwater in Indonesia
Kebanyakan dibangun oleh pemerintah sebagaiprasarana umum.
Prasarana yang membutuhkan banyak perawatan tidaksesuai sebagai prasarana umum.
PGT (Pemecah Gelomban Terapung) tidak sesuai untukprasarana umum di Indonesia.
Dimana PGT Sesuai?Floating Breakwater in Indonesia
Organisasi yang kesehariannya beroperasi secarasistematis dapat memanfaatkan kelebihan PGT.o Biaya awal yang murah.
o Masa layanan pendek tidak membutuhkan bangunanpermanen.
o Dapat dipindahkan dengan mudah.
o Dampak terhadap lingkungan tidak signifikan.
Perawatan, bagi organisasi yang baik, merupakan bagiandari tugas keseharian yang sudah melekat.
No established design manual for design of floating breakwater, as opposed to conventional breakwater.
Design of Floating Breakwater
Client and consultant will chose types and shape of floating breakwater to be explored further.
Chosen types and shapes will be investigated in physical hydraulic laboratory.
Elements of DesignDesign of Floating Breakwater
Type and shape.
Materials.
Anchor / tether system.
Installation method.
Risk.
Hazard mitigation.
Floating BreakwaterCost (initial + maintenance + risk management) to performance ratio.
Will be compared to conventional breakwater
Assisted by laboratory experiment
Laboratory Testing of Floating Breakwater
Side View of Wave Flume Credit to Ajiwibowo and Yuanita
End of Presentation.Thank you for your attention.