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Flood Hazard Mapping Project in Asia. August 2003 KIKUCHI Ryosuke Director of 2 nd Research Department Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan. - Overview of Flood Damage -. Fig.-1 Affected by type of disaster and by period (1973 ~ 1997). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Flood Hazard Mapping Project in Asia
August 2003
KIKUCHI RyosukeDirector of 2nd Research Department
Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan
- Overview of Flood Damage -- Overview of Flood Damage -
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1973 to1977
1978 to1982
1983 to1987
1988 to1992
1993 to1997
EARTHQUAKE
DROUGHTand FAMINE
FLOOD
HIGH WIND
LANDSLIDE
VOLCAND
OTHER
Fig.-1 Affected by type of disaster and by period (1973 ~ 1997)
Source : CRED, “World Disasters Report 1999” Source : Asian Disaster Reduction Center, “Data book of Asian Natural Disasters in the 20th Century”
Fig.-2 Average occurrence and damage of natural disasters (1975 ~ 1999)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999The average occurrence
The average killed thousands year( / )
The average affected peaple million year( / )
The average damaged property billion dollar year( / )
(Millions)
1.Background
Economic growth, urbanization Explosion of populationConcentration of population and propertyPeople who have never experienced a flood are moving in increasing numbers to flood-prone areas in many countries.Residents are less aware of the threat of floods. They are hardly prepared for floods.Suffering more serious damage once a flood occurs.It is time-consuming and costly to construct flood control facilities to lower the risk of flood damage. It is advisable to enhance local residents' awareness of the importance of flood protection efforts concurrently with the steady development of flood control facilities so that overall flood damage shall be mitigated.
2. History of Japan2. History of Japan(1) Flood Record Maps(1) Flood Record Maps
Published by the Ministry of ConstructionShowing inundated areas during past floods
– With Hyetographs, weather conditions, etc.
1:25,000 – 1:50,000 base mapsDelivered to local government offices, and
mass mediaDisplayed on the billboards of the offices
Flood Record Map for the Tsurumi River Basin
June, 1966
Sept.,1976
Public Acceptance of Flood Public Acceptance of Flood Record MapsRecord Maps
94.4
1.51.7
0.1 2.3
MeaninfulUnmeanigHarassedD.K.No Ans.
Percentage of 4,781 Answers
Public Opinion to Flood Public Opinion to Flood Record MapRecord Map
Indication of present status rather than past records was preferred. (36.9 % of 185 respondents, multiple answer)
Larger and more detailed map to identify individual house was demanded. (25.2 %)
Inundation depth in addition to inundation area was thought necessary. (24.8 %)
More records for other floods requested. (8.3 %)
2.History of Japan2.History of Japan(2) Flood Risk Area Map(2) Flood Risk Area Map
Inundation area and depth Calculation based on a model storm with
150-year return periodCompiled for each river basinPublication through pamphlets,
municipalities’ PR papers, mass media, etc.Map scale of 1:25,000 to 1:50,000
Flood Risk Area Map for the Tsurumi River
Public Acceptance of Public Acceptance of Flood Risk Area MapsFlood Risk Area Maps
91.7
0.81.4
6.1
MeaninglulUnmeanigHarassedD.K.
Percentage of1,883 Answers
Public Opinion to Public Opinion to Flood Risk Area MapsFlood Risk Area Maps
More information was needed.– Larger map for individual municipality
(33 % of 1,799 respondents, multiple answers)
– Inundation areas and depths for more frequent storms (17 %)
– Evacuation sites and routes (12 %)
No official protest was made despite prior concern.
Necessity of a flood hazard map was confirmed.
3. Definition of Flood Hazard Map The “Flood Hazard Map” herein referred to is a map that graphically provides information on inundation, as well as on evacuation in an easy-to-understand format.
The goal is to quickly evacuate local residents in a safe and proper manner in the event of floods.
The map is produced and publicized through a joint effort by those in charge of disaster prevention and those in charge of rivers and hydrology in the respective local municipalities.
4. Purpose○ For local residents
-Raise the awareness of the importance of voluntary disaster prevention efforts and proper evacuation.
- For the prompt and smooth evacuation to avoid injury
○ For local municipalities concerned
-Administrative staff to simulate emergency drills and thus urges local municipalities to develop disaster prevention and preparedness countermeasures.
(Evaluate land use plan, road plan, refuge center and etc.)
(1) Information for Evacuation
・ Predicted inundation area, Inundation depth, Flood concentration
time
・ Historical inundation records
・ Areas to be evacuated
・ Location of evacuation places and routes
・ Dangerous spots on evacuation routes
・ Rules to follow in cases of evacuation
・ Communication channels and systems for information on evacuation
・ Issuance criteria for evacuation warnings
5. Information in Flood Hazard Map
5. Information in Flood Hazard Map
(2) Information for educational use ・ Flooding mechanism ・ Topographic features and flooding types ・ Real danger of flood, Predicted extent of damage ・ Meteorological information ・ Past flood records (rainfall, inundation, and damage) ・ Rules to follow in cases of flood ・ Explanation and directions to use flood hazard maps ・ Preparedness against flood
Hazard Map (Sukagawa City)
Inundation depth (m)
Velocity (m/s)
Limits where evacuation on foot in water is possible
Walking in water is dangerous
Walking in water is possible
Information in Flood Hazard Map
Information in Flood Hazard Map
Information in Flood Hazard Map
Information in Flood
Hazard Map
Information in Flood Hazard Map
6. Effectiveness of Flood Hazard Map
According to the questionnaire survey conducted immediately after the flood, the effectiveness of the Flood Hazard Maps was satisfactorily verified as stated below: 1) The majority of the local residents referred to the locations of the refuges on the Flood Hazard Maps, and evacuated to the proper refuges.
2) The number of evacuees was 1.5 times more for those who referred to the maps than for those who did not. 3) Residents who referred to the maps commenced evacuation one hour earlier than those who did not.
Flooding in Koroyama City, August 1998
Number ofevacuees
1.5 times
< Number of evacuees six hoursafter notice advice to evacuate >
Those who did not see the Hazard Map
Those who saw the Hazard Map Notice to
evacuateOrder toevacuate
Approximately one hour
Source : “Survey Report on Local Residents’ Reaction during the Rainstorm in Koriyama at the End of August 1988” Katada Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University
7. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee
Hazard Mapping Project
ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee
1.Member (14)Japan, Cambodia, China, The DPR of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, USA, Hong Kong, Macao
2.Compornent(5)① Meteorology, ② Hydrology, ③ DPP(Disaster Prevention and Preparedness),④ Training, and ⑤ Research
The schedule of implementation plan
Time Item Content Note
2002
Feb.
Working Group Meeting in Tokyo
①Discussions on the operational framework for 11 projects②Discussions on the contents of workshop in Manila in July 2002
Done
July
Workshop in Manila and the 2nd Working Group Meeting
①Discussions on the manuals for producing hazard maps② Discussions on the pilot areas
Done
Nov.
The 35th TC General Meeting and the 3rd Working Group Meeting in Thailand
①Reporting on the project implementation② Determination of the pilot areas to be adopted
Done
Time Item Content Note
2003
March
WWF3 in Japan
done
Sept.
Workshop and the 4th Working Group Meeting in China
①Preparation and discussions of inundation record map②Discussions on the evacuation centers and evacuation routes③Discussions on the Warning and Evacuation System
Nov.
The 36th TC Session and the 5th Working Group Meeting in Malaysia
①Reporting and evaluation of project implementation②Discussions on the Warning and Evacuation System
Time Item Content Note
2004
July Workshop①Promulgation②Training
Temp.
2005
July Workshop
①Revision of the Manuals②Expansion of the projects to other river basins
Temp.
2006
July Workshop
①Discussions on the Warning and Evacuation System ② The project evaluation.
Temp.
P ilot projects in Asian Countries(10+2)
Cambodia
China
The DPR of Korea
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Thailand
Viet Nam
Japan
Myanmar (PANEL)
Pakistan (PANEL)
Concluding Remarks
In Japan and TC countries, the importance of Flood Hazard Maps has undoubtedly been recognized in recent years, and now the preparation of the maps is progressing in a positive direction. It has not been long since their preparation began, and yet various efforts are devoted to producing more advantageous and more effective maps. The experience of producing Flood Hazard Maps
in Japan and TC is hereupon briefly introduced. The respective staffs of the local municipalities involved are highly expected to make their utmost efforts, with marked enthusiasm, in preparing reliable and effective Flood Hazard Maps.
ARIGATOARIGATO
あ り が と う
Thank you for your attention!